what is colloidal suspensions and hyaluronic acid?
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In general, a colloid or colloidal dispersion is a substance with components of one or two phases, a type of mixture intermediate between homogeneous solution and heterogeneous mixture with properties also intermediate between a solution and a mixture. Typical membranes restrict the passage of dispersed colloidial particles more than they restrict the passage of dissolved ions or molecules; i.e. ions or molecules may diffuse through a membrane through which dispersed colloidal particles will not diffuse. The dispersed phase particles are largely affected by the surface chemistry existent in the colloid.\n\nHyaluronan (also called hyaluronic acid or hyaluronate) is a glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues. It is one of the chief components of the extracellular matrix, contributes significantly to cell proliferation and migration, and may also be involved in the progression of some malignant tumors.\n\nHyaluronan is a polymer of disaccharides themselves composed of D-glucuronic acid and D-N-acetylglucosamine, linked together via alternating beta-1,4 and beta-1,3 glycosidic bonds
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Lassar's paste. Cortisone oinment, Tacolcital oinment
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Some gycosaminoglycans contain negatively charged sulphate groups (SO4-) in their sugar structures (for example chondroitin sulphate) an the others contain  negatively charged carboxyl (-COO-) groups (Glucuronic acid moiety bears carboxyl group)
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Flocculation is the term given to the process of getting small particles to clump or aggregate together to formlarger particles and then to settle to the bottom.  Flocculation is often used to purify mixtures.  A chemical flocculant is added to a suspension, the suspended material then flocculates and settles to the bottom where it can be removed by filtration.\nPaul
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In this research text below,either Tween 80 or PVP 25 was successful when used as a base.\n\n--------------------------------------------\n\nPharmaceutical Technology Division, Department of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland. Amna_s86@yahoo.ca\n\nWe investigated the development of a topical indomethacin gel formulation of suitable consistency using Carbopol ETD 2001 as the gelling agent. Topical gel formulations containing 1% w/w indomethacin (IND), 1% w/w Carbopol ETD 2001 (C2001), 1% of trethanolamine (TEA), 30% hexylene glycol (HG) and 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG 300) were prepared with excipients Tween 80, PVP 25, both Tween 80 and PVP 25 or neither agent. These four gel formulations were tested after a period of 1 and 4 weeks at storage temperature of 6 degrees C, 20 +/- 2 degrees C and 45 degrees C. Physical evaluation of the stability of these gels was carried out by microscopic and rheological tests, measurement of pH and by visual inspection. Rheological properties were studied using the cone and plate method at shear rates of 600 to 6000 1/s. Viscosities corresponding to shear rates were also calculated. Our results indicated that C2001 could be used as a gelling agent for IND in topical preparations. IND-C2001 gels were clear and exhibited an acceptable appearance; gel behaviour was non-Newtonian and pseudoplastic. The addition of either Tween 80 or PVP 25 to the base gel formulation significantly increased the shear stresses and viscosity of the gels. These novel formulations exhibited good physical stability throughout the 4-week examination periods as inferred from pH measurements and microscopic examination. Additionally, the non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behaviour of the gels was maintained throughout storage, with only a minimal decrease in gel viscosity after 4 weeks. Differences in consistencies of the four formulations, although initially apparent, were no longer evident after 4 weeks of storage for all temperature conditions examined. Gels stored at high temperature (45 degrees C) developed a dark yellow color and decreased in viscosity compared to other storage temperature.\n\nPMID: 12641331 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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its a polymer which is present in the cellwall of bacteria.it is present in larger amounts in gram positive bacteria than in gram negative bacteria. it forms the basic principle for the gram staining procedure for bacteria. it contains amino acids like N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine.in gram negative orgs it is in small amounts. they have more amounts of a substance called as lipopolysaccharide.
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All molecules have intermolecular forces holding them together.  That is how we have things that are large enough for us to see.  Salt is held together by ionic forces.  Water by hydrogen bonds.  Acetone and ethyl acetate (found in nail polish removers) by dipole-dipole interactions.  Oil by van der Waals or London or dispersion forces (all the same thing).
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dissolve in water, like salt in water dissolves into Na & Cl  \n\nfiltration separates solids & liquids w/ dissolved solids  \n\nelectrophoresis is a technique for separating ions based on their charge-to-mass ratios\n\nHPLC \nHigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a key instrumental technique in bioanalysis, since analysis of biological samples requires the separation of an analyte, often at trace levels, from a complex matrix containing countless interfering components\ndistillation example is separating out oil from seeds
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try scrubs and creams which contain glycolic acid such as Md Formulations; or Clarins Body Firming Cream (or Extra firming body cream); Decleor Aromessance Tonilastil + Tonilastil Cream;
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Homogenous: the particles are evenly distributed\n                        the particles will not separate over time\n                        does not diffract light\n                        called a solution\n\nHeterogeneous: the particles are NOT evenly distributed\n                        Suspensions will separate over time (oil & water)\n                        Colloids are stable hereogeneous mixtures that \n                             will NOT separate over time\n                             (milk: casein & whey)\n                         Diffracts light
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To correctly simulate the rheology of concentrated suspensions at high shear rates requires the inclusion of hydrodynamic forces between particles. The computation of such interactions is very intensive, and it presents a significant challenge: to produce algorithms that enable a study of systems with large numbers of particles. The work of Brady and coworkers in the early eighties [1] showed the way forward to such a goal. The technique, Stokesian Dynamics presents a formalism for studying such systems. We first write down the Langevin equation for a colloidal particle within a hydrodynamic medium:\n\nFH + FC + FB = M · dU/dt\n\nHere, F represents forces acting on an individual particle: Hydrodynamic, Colloidal (charge repulsion/attraction for example) and Brownian forces. M is the mass of the particle, and U its velocity.Within a colloidal system, the time scales of interest dictate that inertia may be neglected. Thus the right hand side of above equation can be neglected. We also work with the assumption that the fluid obeys the Stokes equations, i.e. we are within a low Reynolds number regime. Thus the hydrodynamic forces can be considered linear in the velocities, therefore FH = R·U, where R is a resistance tensor, the elements of which describe the hydrodynamic interactions between individual particles. To simulate colloid particles, we need to determine the particles velocities at each time step, thus the above equation becomes:\n\nU = -R-1 · (FC + FB)\n\nThus solving for U requires the inversion of the resistance matrix R. This typically restricts the size of the systems that one can study to less than 100 particles. In order to simulate systems on a larger scale, Ball and Melrose [2] have proposed an approximation that is applicable to colloids at high concentrations in shear flow. They argue that at such concentrations, where the typical interparticle spacing is small, the near-field terms in the resistance matrix (which are given by lubrication theory) will dominate in shear flow. Thus R can be made sparse; this greatly increases computational efficiency. The method is now typically of O(N2) compared to O(N3) for the full matrix, making the study of larger systems feasible (typically as much as 4,000 particles). Even though the resistance tensor is sparse and consists of near-field terms, the inversion of such a matrix results in a many-bodied far-field mobility tensor. Ref. [2] gives full details on the technique, in particular how to correctly handle the correlated Brownian forces through use of a 2nd order difference scheme. The code has been implemented and validated. It has a suite of colloid interactions, including charge, depletion, and polymer coats. Particles may interact with just squeeze lubrication or with full modes of shear and rotation. Nearest neighbours are identified through the construction of a Delaunay mesh which is co-moving with the particle centres. Sample results from using this algorthim are given in the Colloid Rheology section of this site.\n\nReferences\n\nBrady, J. F. and G. Bossis, "The rheology of concentrated suspensions of spheres in simple shear flow by numerical simulation," J. Fluid Mech, 155, 105-129 (1985) \nBall, R. C. and J. R. Melrose, "A simulation technique for many spheres in quasi-static motion under frame-invariant pair drag and Brownian forces," Physica A, 247, 444-472 (1997)
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Plasma consists of 90% water. Rest is plasma protein(7-9%) and the other rest is serum globulins,prothrombin,fibrinogen,enzymes,meneral ions(Na+,K+, Cl-, etc), amino acids,sugars,hormones,urea,vitamins,fatty acids.
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Ferromagnetic fluids are colloidal suspensions of magnetic particles in a liquid. See ref. 1 for descriptions of their strange behavior. These fluids are use in loudspeakers to provide damping and cooling, and have been used as seals and in a few other applications. Ref. 2 is the complete link which was only partly given in the first answer. A properties demo is described there.
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as far as i know glucosamine chondroitin is better as it act as renewer for the synovial fluid which it`s main part is formed from glucosamine that`s what i really know but you must seek a professional advice
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surfactants- break down the normal surface tension of a liquid.\n\ncosolvents- im acctually not sure, sry
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saline, albumine, hydroxystarch
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Lyophilic colloid - The colloidal particles are more attracted to the dispersing medium than to each other.  \n\nThe effect: This prevents the colloidal particles from coagulating (clumping) together to form large particles which will settle out.