Results of blood gas: PO2 is 65. PCO2 is 32. What are these result? What does P stand for?
359627
the p is partial pressure. if the po2 is 65 depending on the patient that is on the low side. the pco2 means the patint is breathing a little fast, but not a bad pco2... i wouldn't extubate unless i knew the rest of the blood gas was ok? if the ph was 7.35-7.5 i would....  if the patient looked okay.... pulled good volumes on the vent
756159
n   = pV/RT = 1.03*1.02/284*0.0821 = 0.045moles\n\nmoles of Nitrogen = 0.045*0.78=0.0351\n\nmoles of oxygen = 0.022*0.045 = 0.0098mole\n\nweight of the gases = 0.0098*32 + 0.0351*28.02 =0.316+ 0.986=1.3g\n\ndensity 1.3 g/l
286140
96% Carbon Dioxide\n4% Nitrogen\n\n(closer to 3.5% nitrogen with assorted other gasses making up the last 0.5%)
1054344
What is oxygen saturation?\nOxygen is carried in the blood attached to haemoglobin molecules. Oxygen saturation is a measure of how much oxygen the blood is carrying as a percentage of the maximum it could carry.\nOne haemoglobin molecule can carry a maximum of four molecules of oxygen, if a haemoglobin molecule is carrying three molecules of oxygen then it is carrying 3/4 or 75% of the maximum amount of oxygen it could carry.\nOne hundred haemoglobin molecules could together carry a maximum of 400 (100 x 4) oxygen molecules, if these 100 haemoglobin molecules were carrying 380 oxygen molecules they would be carrying (380 / 400) x 100 = 95% of the maximum number of oxygen molecules that could carry and so together would be 95% saturated.\nOxygen saturation is also refered to as SpO2.
1139400
In the circulatory system, venous blood or peripheral blood is blood returning to the heart. With one exception (the pulmonary vein) this blood is deoxygenated and high in carbon dioxide, having released oxygen and absorbed CO2 in the tissues. It is also typically warmer than arterial blood, has a lower pH, has lower concentrations of glucose and other nutrients, and has higher concentrations of urea and other waste products.\n\nVenous blood can be obtained by venesection or phlebotomy, or in small quantities by fingerprick. Most medical laboratory tests are conducted on venous blood, with the exception of arterial blood gases.\n\nVenous blood is often depicted as blue in color in medical diagrams, and veins sometimes look blue when seen through the skin. However, venous blood is actually a dark red color, while arterial blood is bright red. The appearance of blood as dark blue is a wavelength phenomenon of light, having to do with the reflection of blue light away from the outside of venous tissue if the vein is @ 0.02in deep or more. This is due to the difference in color between deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin; the red color ultimately originates from the iron atom in heme. If blood is drawn for a medical test, the dark red color can be seen; however, if it is exposed to oxygen in the air, it will turn bright red like arterial blood.\n\nArterial blood is taken from any easily accessible artery (typically either radial, brachial or femoral) or out of an arterial line. The syringe is prepacked and contains a small amount of heparin, to prevent coagulation or needs to be heparinised, by drawing up a small amount of heparin and squirting it out again.\n\nOnce the sample is obtained, care should be taken to eliminate visible gas bubbles, as these bubbles can dissolve into the sample and cause inaccurate results. The sealed syringe is taken to a blood gas machine. If the sample cannot be immediately analyzed it should be chilled in an ice bath to slow metabolic processes that may also cause inaccuracy. The machine aspirates this blood from the syringe and measures the pH and the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide and the bicarbonate concentration, as well as the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin. Some machines can also measure glucose, lactate, hemoglobin and limited electrolytes (sodium and potassium).\n\nThe results are usually available within five minutes, and are now ready for interpretation.
242747
Ans. 20) For this question, you should remember that \n\nPV = nRT or PV/T remains constant.\n\nP = pressure, V = volume, n = no. of moles of gas, R = gas constant and T = temperature in Kelvin.\n\nSo initially,\n\nP = 1, V = 30, T = 273. PV/T = 30/273.\n\nFinally V = 20, T = 303.\nTherefore PV/T = 20P/ 303\n\nSo 20P/303 = 30/273\n\nSo P = (303*30)/(20*273)\n= 1.66 atmospheres.\n\nFor 56) The volume the gas occupies is proportional to the no. of moles of the gas.\n\nSince the no. of moles of O2 in SO2 is the same, it will be the same == 3.5 liters\n\nFor 72) STP = standard temperature and pressure = 0 Celsius and 1 atmospheric pressure.
538874
I think both your answers are right. \n\nAccording to my books, normal values are pH = 7.4, PCO2 = 40mm Hg, and HCO3 = 24 mM.\n\nRespiratory acidosis: pH < 7.4, CO2 too high\nMetabolic acidosis: pH < 7.4, HCO3 too low\n\nRespiratory alkalosis: pH > 7.4, CO2 too low\nMetabolic alkalosis: pH > 7.4, HCO3 too high\n\nSo the way I figure out these problems is first to look at the pH. Even if compensated, it will never get back to normal so it should tell you right away if it's acidosis vs alkalosis. \n\nThen look at both the PCO2 and HCO3. Are they both above normal, below normal, or is one above and the other below? If one is above and the other below, then it means that the state is uncompensated and it should be easy to figure out the cause.\n\nIf they are both either below or above normal, then you have to look at either CO2 or HCO3 more closely. I usually like to concentrate on HCO3, but it really doesn't matter which one you want to look at. \n\nSo looking at your problem 1 for example, pH - 7.63 tells me its alkalosis. Both CO2 and HCO3 levels are lower than normal, so I know it's being compensated for. From what I know about alkalosis, it's either caused by low C02 or high HCO3. Since HCO3 is low in this case yet the blood pH is basic, I know it can't be the cause of the alkalosis. CO2 however looks to fit into the model, so HCO3 must be compensating.\n\nAnyway, hope this makes sense, kinda hard to explain completely in a post.
28516
Breath them in one at a time for 5 min each.  If you die it was CO2 if you're alive it's O2.\n\nor fill 2 jars with the different gasses. stick a lit candle in them. if the candle goes right out its CO2 if it stays lit its O2.
894833
Normally it would lead to respiratory alkalosis,\nbut remember blood gases are tricky  if the Base Excess is off or the HCO3 is off then the metabolic side may outweigh anything the respiratory system can do
269560
o means 0 in blood and piss
975044
Every time you exhale, you breathe out most of the air you breathed in. While the air is in your lungs, oxygen travels from air to blood and CO2 from blood to air, in each case moving naturally to where it is less concentrated.\n\nHow long it takes the average oxygen molecule from being absorbed to being breathed out again as part of a carbon dioxide molecule is a really good question - I have no idea if anyone has even calculated it, but we can try.\n\nMost people pass out if their blood oxygen level drops below about 80% - and most people can hold their breath for maybe 4-5 minutes (the record is almost 9 minutes by Houdini, but that's someone trained and a bit freakish). That implies you use 20% of the oxygen in, say, 5 minutes - so it would take 25 minutes to use it all, if that were physically possible.\n\nBTW, I'm prettty sure it's 8-9 pints of blood. The normal O2 reading in arterial blood is around 10-13 kPa, but I'd have to admit I don't know how to convert that to a mass (or free volume) of oxygen.\n----\nOoh, here you go: arterial blood contains about 20ml of oxygen per 100cc. Your blood volume is about 5 litres, so that would mean your body contains rather less than a litre of oxygen (because not all of your blood is fully oxygenated).
478875
Good info Klaus, but you mostly are discussing decompression, in which dissolved gases (usually nitrogen) bubbles out of the blood when going from high to low pressure-Not the reason oxygen is toxic.  The blood requires a certain pressure of oxygen, in other words, and certain number of molecules.  The normal concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere is about 21%, which of course is about perfect.  If you are in an environment that has twice the pressure, you require oxygen at half the concentration, or about 10%.  Its still the same number of molecules total, just a lower concentration.  Clearly, if you are in an environment of 10X the pressure compared to sealevel, you only need a concentration of oxygen of about 2%...again, its still the same number of molecules of oxygen, but because of the greater pressure, there is a lot more total gas molecules present.  Oxygen is a highly reactive molecule, and causes (obviously) oxidation...such as rust on iron.  In the body, this is a toxic effect-More to the point, though, is that the body requires a certain amount of carbon dioxide to maintain the proper acid-base balance.  If far too much oxygen is given, it swamps the ability of hemoglobin to bind CO2, thus causing acidosis-the acidification of the blood.  So, the deeper you dive, the lower *percentage8 of oxygen you require (though again, its the same *amount* of oxygen)- the oxygen is replaced by the most inert gas that can be obtained-helium usually.
863625
Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Water
755048
The ideal gas equation is pV = nRT.\n\nSo if you double n on one side, you must double something on the other. In your case it is p.
235216
mass P = 283.9 * .4365 = 123.92g P\n\n  moles of P =  123.92/30.97 = 4\n\n so = P4\n\nunknown molecular mass = 283.9 - 123.92 = 160g\n\n P has a charge of 5+ times 4 = total charge of 20+\n\n    \n20 can divide into 1-,2-,4-,5-,10-,20- evenly \n   \n the trial and error method\n   \n   160g /10 =16\n\nthe unknown F.W. is 16g which is Oxygen that has an anion charge  Of 2-\n  \n so (5+ * 4 ) + ( 2- *10) = 0\n \n    oxygen moles = 160 / 16  = 10\n\n     O  =  O10\n\n the molecular formula is:\n\n\n P4O10
960163
2 Mg + O2  =  MgO\n48 g  + 32 =   80\n50 g + 33.33= 83.33\n (50*80) / 48 = 83.33\n\nit should have been 83.33\n75/83.33=0.90    = 90% ?
813754
O2, N2 and CO2.\n\nDon't understand the last part