How does the convection current works in water during winter?
361002
The convection of heat in the water carries warm water from the bottom of the water, nearest the warm earth, to the surface and back.\nThis motion maintains enough warmth throughout the water to prevent the fish from freezing.  The bodies of the fish also enables them to survive in near freezing temperatures by moving constantly.\nConvection always occurs, in Summer and Winter.  And the pattern never changes.
468283
Depends on the quantity of ice in the water, time you measure it at, etc. All depends on the precise details of the experiment.
10363
The freezing point drops, by the Clapeyron equation. See the attached reference for details. \n\nThe answer above is dealing with ideal gases, not liquid water.
858193
Yes.  Salt water freezes at a lower tempurature than fresh water. \n\nThat is why we use salt to melt ice on sidewalks in the winter.
240485
It could potentially be both depending how the substance is heated [and let is not forget about radiation].\n\nIf the heating element is at the bottom, some of the heat is obviously transfered to the gas/liquid through conduction, but afterward, convection currents form to transfer heat more effectively.\nIf the heating element is at the top on the other hand, convection currents wont form quite as much and you must rely much more heavily on conduction to transfer the heat.  A similar situation occurs if you have the heating element on the side, in the middle of the gas/liquid.\n\nhttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatra.html
377330
Salt, NaCl, turns into Na+ and Cl- ions in water.\n\nThe ions changes the equilbrium of H2O melting and freezing.\nLiquid water is block by the ions, so it has a harder time freezing back onto the ice. Since the ions doenst slow down\nthe melting of ice, but slows down the freeze of water.\nThe ice now melts at below 0 degree.\n\nSo a normal ice water will be at zero degree.\nBut a salt put on the ice/water will melt more of the ice at a lower temp., about 7-10 degree colder, depenting on the ammount of salt and ice avalibale.
619162
Actually, it wouldn't.  There will always be a vapor as long as there is a sunlight OR temperature above 32F/0C.  Even of the rain that falls, much of it goes back into the air (notice a heavy humid feeling during and immediately after a rain?).  When it sleets or snows, as soon as the sun comes out the light works by being focused by the crystal structure of the ice and literally vaporizes the ice, going straight to vapor, skipping (for the most part) the water phase.  Water likes a balance.  When water is scarse in the air, water molecules on the surface fairly leap into the air, unless the air is crowded with them already.  Fascinating cycle.
781652
[edit] Atmospheric convection\nIn the case of Earth's atmosphere, solar radiation heats the Earth's surface, and this heat is then transferred to the air by convection. When a layer of air receives enough heat from the Earth's surface, it expands, becomes less dense and is pushed upward by buoyancy. Colder, heavier air sinks under it and is then warmed, expands, and rises. The warm rising air cools as it reaches the higher, cooler regions of the atmosphere and becomes denser. Since it cannot sink through the rising air beneath it, it moves laterally and then begins to sink. When it reaches the surface again it is heated, and is drawn back into the original rising column.\nSo the answer is D
624862
Convection is the mode of heat transfer in fluids (liquids and gases). Convection depends on the fact that, in general, fluids expand when heated and thus undergo a decrease in density (since a given volume of the fluid contains less matter at a higher temperature than at the original, lower temperature). As a result, the warmer, less dense portion of the fluid will tend to rise through the surrounding cooler fluid, in accordance with Archimedes' principle. If heat continues to be supplied, the cooler fluid that flows in to replace the rising warmer fluid will also become heated and also rise. Thus, a current, called a convection current, becomes established in the fluid, with warmer, less dense fluid continually rising from the point of application of heat and cooler, denser portions of the fluid flowing outward and downward to replace the warmer fluid. In this manner, heat eventually may be transferred to the entire fluid. Convection currents are widely observed in both liquids and gases. Many aspects of weather are connected with convection currents. For example, when a portion of the atmosphere becomes heated by contact with a warm area of land, it rises into the cooler, higher altitudes, with the result that some of the moisture carried with it may be condensed to form clouds and precipitation. Convection currents have been used for heating and ventilation since ancient times. Both hot-air and hot-water heating systems use convection to transfer heat through the entire structure being heated. Convection currents also assist in the ventilation of mines.
155061
The temperature must drop below freezing up in the atmosphere,  where there is a concentration of water vapor. Typically this is caused when a warm front (full of water) rolls over a cold front -- the drop in temperature condenses the water high up and it drops to the ground as snow. But it can also happen when a cold front moves over a lake (ie. lake-effect snow). This is seen in a place like Buffalo.
1048880
That long answer is pretty good, but jumps around alot.... the short and sweet answer has to do with the Gulf Stream.  Its a warm water current that runs south to north along the east coast of the US.  This in turn produces warmer, wetter weather systems for you folks out there year round.  \n\nDuring the winter, the US landmass cools off greatly due to less sun exposure because of the tilt of the earth during winter.  This causes the inland land mass to be very cool.  Since the sunlight as u say is not as direct as it is in the summer, there is less solar heating of the continental US.  Think about it as, taking a flashlight, and shining it straight down...its a small, concintrated area that is lit.  This is like the US getting its light during summer.  Now take the flash light, and shine it at an angle.  The light is more dispersed and covers a wider area, and is less intense in the areas illuminated. Thats kinda like the earth in a sense and how its lit, and the intensity of light recieved during the winter.
916456
The density of water goes down when it is frozen and down when it is heated, so I would say just above freezing.  According to the website, about 4 degrees C.  The density of water at this temperature is 1.000g/cm3
1106588
Normally at 0ºC or 32ºF.  At that point water just begins to crystalize.\n\nThere are cases when water will not freeze, like \n- freezing point depression due to hydration,\n- freezing point depression due to osmotic effects (these are both equilibrium effects),\n- supercooling: the delay or absence of formation of an ice crystal in the absence of efficient ice nucleators and/or\n- the high viscosity\n\nFor every 0.5ºC (1ºF), water's viscosity will change by about 1.5%.\n\nWater viscosity is inversely related to temperature. The lower temperature, the higher viscosity.\n\nBut, water's dynamic viscosity at 0ºC is 3.732µ [ 10-5 (lb.s/ft2)] and the kinematic viscosity is 1.924v [10-5 (ft2/s)].
50088
During the winter, the air is colder, but the ground (at least deep down) stays pretty much the same temperature.  Therefore, in a lake, the cold is coming from the top.  This usually freezes the top layer of the lake, which also shields the lower part from freezing - it is now insulated from the weather.  It is very important that ice floats over water, because this allows the ice to make a separation and enables the fish and wotnot to survive the winter.
18597
To save you some time, here is a great description in plain English:\n\nIt all begins when bitter cold air dives across the Great Lakes. As the cold air flows over the warm water, the relatively warm lake water heats the air's bottom layer as lake moisture evaporates into the cold air.\n\nSince warm air is lighter - less dense - than cold air, the heated air rises and begins to cool.\n\nAs the air cools, the moisture that evaporated into it condenses and forms clouds, and snow begins falling from the cloud if the air is humid enough.\n\nThe wind pushes the clouds over the land. As this happens, friction with the ground, which is greater than the friction between the lake's water and the moving air, slows the winds. This causes the air that's carrying the clouds to "pile up" - meteorologists call this "convergence."\n\nConvergence increases the amount of snow that's falling on the land compared with the amount falling on the lake.\n\nAs the wind continues inland it runs into hills, sometimes only a few miles from the lake, which forces the air to rise, which cools it. As the air cools, more humidity condenses to create even more snow. This is why the heaviest lake effect snow falls on hills inland from the great lakes. \n\nThe source also has an outstanding graphic depiction and explanation.
587505
There are a number of currents in the ocean in which the water temperature is different from the surrounding area.  The most famous of these is the Gulf Stream that brings warm water from the tropic areas north off the East Coast of the United States and then across the Atlantic to Europe.\n\nNote that this movement is clockwise if you look at it from space.  Of course, this also means that on the other side of the ocean, cold water will move south to complete the circuit.\n\nNow we go to California.  There is a cold current called the California current that brings water from the area off Alaska in the same manner.  This cold water is also full of nutrients which is why there are the kelp forest and abundant wildlife.  It moves in the same manner as the Atlantic Ocean example.\n\nHope this answers your question.
323948
Convection currents occur when a liquid or a gas is heated. The heated particles become less dense than the cold ones (because they're particles are moving faster) so they rise on top. The cold particles heat up beacause they're closer to the heat source and the hot particles cool down becuase they're farther away. This forms a kind of cycle, which is called convectiob.