Who are the technology suppliers for production of ethanol from cellulose.?
372932
I can't really call them suppliers as they develope their own techniques and then use them. They don't supply the technology to anyone else.  \n\nThe best known companies are Iogen Corporation,Genencor, Novozymes, and Dyadic International, Inc. There are a handful of other companies. \n\nTo the best of my knowledge there are only a handful of production plants either running or in development.
123213
The answer is 2.5 gallons of ethanol.  Check out the link.
592458
It definitely would be beneficial to switch, and strides are being made in this area. The market is slowly gaining as the world becomes more "fuel-conscience". \nThe largest national fuel ethanol industries exist in Brazil. The Brazilian ethanol industry is based on sugarcane; as of 2004, Brazil produces 14 billion liters annually, enough to replace about 40% of its gasoline demand. Also as a result, they are expected to become independent from foreign oil in 2006. Most new cars sold in Brazil are flexible-fuel vehicles that can run on ethanol, gasoline, or any blend of the two. In addition, all fuel sold in Brazil contains at least 25% ethanol.\n\n In the United States, ethanol is commonly blended with gasoline as a blend of up to 85% ethanol but more commonly seen at the 15% level, and nicknamed "gasohol". This blend is widely sold throughout the U.S. Midwest, which contains the nation's chief corn-growing centers.\n\nIn 2005, the Indy Racing League announced its cars will run on a 10% ethanol - 90% methanol blend fuel, and in 2007, the cars will race on 100% ethanol.
632289
Cellulose is the substance that makes up most of a plant's cell walls. Cellulose is usually described by chemists and biologists as a complex carbohydrate. Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that function as sources of energy for living things. Plants are able to make their own carbohydrates that they use for energy and to build their cell walls.
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Renewable fuels association (ethanolrfa.org)
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General Electric\n\nCoach
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ALKEM LABORATORIES LIMITED\nAlembic Limited, \nBelco Pharma\nCALYX\nCipla Pharmaceutical,\nCiron Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd.,\nG. Amphray Laboratories, \nIndoco Remedies Limited,\nKalpdrum Enterprises, \n\nGood luck!
496070
I would like to say yes but at this point I would have to say no. I worked at an ethanol pilot plant and anyone in the industry can tell you to break down starch in the corn you need what they call a jet cooker. This uses high pressure steam at appx 400-600F. There is no way in hell solar panels could heat water to this temperature effeciently and consistently. Plus a lot of ethanol plants run 24 hours a day and that right there pretty much shoots that plan in the ass. A good thought though. Ethanol will become more effecient once the enzyme industry catches up and can CHEAPLY use switchgrass as a fuel source.
2865
In synthetic organic chemistry, water free ethanol can  be produced by adding elementary sodium wire under a nitrogen atmosphere. The sodium will react with water forming NaOH and with the ethanol forming sodium ethanolate, which in turn would react with any water that should make its way into the liquid.\n\nTo remove the salts, you can distill in a water free environment.\n\nSodium wire is highly inflammable. You won't be able to get it outside of laboratories, for a good reason.
191053
There are lots of technology options, from all sorts of companies in all sorts of countries. My company has one, check out \nwww.compactpower.co.uk\n\nCADDET has a (not very recent - 1998) review of the advanced thermal conversion market, you can download it here\n\nwww.caddet.org/reports/display.php?id=988\n\nJuniper is consultancy that offers a similar report, but at a large cost.\n\nDon't forget to consider pyrolysis as well as gasification.
494834
some in the US are working on conversions from gasoline to ethanol and even mixing the two together, some gas stations have pumps for both, some cars can run on either or, or a mixture\nethanol can be made from corn, and other grains
119793
Short answer: Not important; it will not even benefit farmers in the long run. \n\nUntil the US begins making ethanol from something other than corn, it is wasting more oil than it is saving, and only benefiting us by reducing URBAN air pollution. Since farmers use diesel and fertilizer made from natural gas, and ethanol plants use large quantities of natural gas in refining ethanol, there is a net loss of energy in US produced ethanol.  This is what a geoengineering professor at UC Berkeley found:\n"The fossil energy expended during production alone, he concluded, easily outweighs the consumable energy in the end product....."People tend to think of ethanol and see an endless cycle: corn is used to produce ethanol, ethanol is burned and gives off carbon dioxide, and corn uses the carbon dioxide as it grows," he said. "But that isn't the case. Fossil fuel actually drives the whole cycle.... "We are grasping at the solution that is by far the least efficient."\n\nAs long as we keep making it the way we do, it will not be a suitable alternative to gasoline, nor will it result in lower imports of oil for the US. \n\nThe other part of that problem is that if we turned the  ENTIRE annual US corn crop into ethanol to burn for automotive fuel, it would not last more than a few months of the year  based on our current fuel consumption.  We cannot grow enough corn to use ethanol as a complete substitute for gasoline. \n\nThe Brazilians have been much more efficient and use ethanol for a large percentage of their automotive fuel. They grow sugar cane and refine it using eucalyptus wood-fired refineries. Brazil's primary reason for this effort has been to improve their balance of trade by exporting oil rather than consuming it internally. In an interesting twist, Brazil may be able to export ethanol for less money than American farmers can produce it, and so the American farmers may soon find themselves with even more extra corn (and thus lower corn prices) due to adoption of ethanol. \nhttp://www.crystalsugar.com/media/news.archives/cargill.asp\nhttp://www.greencarcongress.com/2004/07/when_is_ethanol.html\n\nIt appears that making ethanol from corn not only will not solve our oil problems, it probably won't even be competitive without huge taxpayer subsidies to make it cheaper than imported sources of ethanol. It will continue to be added to gasoline in order to comply with EPA emissions rules, but that is the only real benefit. Everything else is just a waste of your tax dollars in my opinion.
800943
Check out www.fundingdocuments.com  They did some nice research on my import/export corn oil business plan.  Good company.
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i dunno...try this...\nhttp://www.ecostello.com/
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The best plant for ethanol are sugar producing plants such as sugar cane. However sugar cane doesn't produce enough volume. In the US there are only a handful of states that can grow it. \n\nThe best volume types are cellulose. That is the material that surrounds a plant cell. Except for wood, all plants are extremely high in cellulose. \n\nThe problem is breaking cellulose into sugar. The best known way to treat it with heat and chemicals. Scientists are working on bacteria that will consume cellulose and output sugar as waste. Another dozen years this will be ready to implement. \n\nThe current technology on this is far more efficient than corn to ethanol converstion a dozen years ago. Today, even without the special bateria, cellulose ethanol is very good.
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The Governor of NY, George Pataki, is in the process of getting an ethanol producing plant in upstate NY on line in about 2 years.  He is planning a bill to sell ethanol on the New York State Thruway.  Currently, ethanol is available in the southern Midwestern states.  I think if you check out http://www.gogreen.com or http://www.goyellow.com you might find out more. \n\nCurrently, Brazil has about 85% ethanol usage.
314919
well to convert crops into ethanol first you'll need to get several enzymes that can mash down cellulose, starch and such all down to monosaccarides.  Then you can use yeast to ferment the glucose to ethanol.\n\nSo i suppose you could simply write:\n\nCrops + Enzymes (eg Cellulase) ---> CO2 + H20 + EtOH