What type of mixture could be separated using paper chromatography?
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Paper chromatography is a modern method used separate mixtures. Paper chromatography uses paper as the stationary phase and a liquid solvent as the mobile phase.\n\nYou will use paper chromatography to test food colorings to see if the color results from a single dye or mixture of dyes. If you cannot get food coloring you can use colored felt pens or other water soluble coloring pens. Your exercise is simple but uses very essential principles. An optional part of the activity is to check a household product for the presence of the same dyes that are in food coloring.\n\nThe technique relies on the idea that the solvent and the paper both have an attraction for the components in a mixture. The solvent creeps along the surface of the paper. If a material is placed on one spot on the paper and is soluble in the liquid solvent, the material will be dissolved when the solvent moves over it. The material will move along with the solvent. Each compound in a mixture will have its own characteristic balance of attractions to solvent and to paper, so all will not move at the same speed. Eventually this difference in speed will separate the compounds.\n\nIn paper chromatography when the conditions are kept constant, a particular compound always travels a fixed percentage of the distance traveled by the solvent front. The ratio of the distance the compound travels to the distance the solvent travels is called the Rf value. The symbol Rf stands for "retardation factor" or "ratio-to-front". It is expressed as a decimal fraction. When the conditions are duplicated, the same average relative positions will turn up for the solvent and solute; thus the Rf value is a constant for a given compound. The Rf value is a physical property for that compound. The Rf value is useful in identifying compounds, but other properties should be used in combination with the Rf value to confirm compound identification. Since it is difficult for different laboratories to exactly duplicate conditions for a chromatography experiment, Rf values are more useful for comparisons within one lab than for comparisons of data from different labs.\n\nSubstances that are not colored can also be separated by chromatography. They are detected using ultraviolet or black light. These substances appear to glow in the dark.
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sugar is more soluble in organic solvents like acetone than salt. we can exploit this phenomenon to effect a separation. though complete separation may be achieved by crystallisation or precipitation.
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It's easy. Spot ink onto a tissue paper. Dip one end of the tissue paper in a pan with any alcohol. Let the alcohol travel along the paper and make sure it passes through the ink spot. Some components of ink which are attracted (more soluble) to alcohol will be carried with the solvent but will eventually settle somewhere else in the paper. Let the alcohol evaporate and you can see the ink components, more or else, separated. A more scientific way of doing the analysis is by chromatography: thin layer chromatography (TLC) or gas chromatography (GC). Check the web.
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HPLC user’s guide: http://kerouac.pharm.uky.edu/ASRG/HPLC/hplcmytry.html\n\nGas Chromatography (GS) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_Chromatography . Here you may also find (at the bottom of the article), external links to the other analytical methods.
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You can get putty like ones from art shops that remove dark HB and pretty much destroy anything apart from the pressure on the paper. they need to be cleaned a lot but can be molded to an easy shape and are dabbed rather than rubbed which means less white flakes and little paper ripping.
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Links at\n\nhttp://www.itt.edu/staff/boyter/links/index.html#CHEMISTRY_CHROMATOGRAPHY
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if the paper is use white out
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blueb_24' s answer to the first part of you question is great. \n\nMechanical mixtures are very simple mixtures that can be separated mechanically (soap is definitely not one). Some mechanical mixtures found in everyday life: \n- M&M's (various colours)\n- Mixed vegies\n- Bag of marbles\n- Box of bolts and nuts\n\nSolutions are more complex and can only be seperated by means of their physical properties, such as boiling point. Some everyday solutions include:\n- Coffee\n- Detergent\n- Salt water\n- Vinager\n\n4.a  Solid solutions: \n- Sand - suspension mixture of solid particles\n- Muddy water - solid particles suspended in water\n- Smoke - solid mixed in gas\n\nb) a liquid solution that does not contain water:\n- Motor oil - a mixture of heavy hydrocarbons\n- Vegetable oil - mixture of plant oils\n\nc) a solution of gases\n- Air - air is a mixture of many gases\n- LP gas (liquid petroleum gas)- mixture containing mainly propane or butane (depending on application)
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See the links at the reference given.\n\nHPLC is a popular method of analysis because it is easy to learn and use and is not limited by the volatility or stability of the sample compound. The history section illustrates the HPLC's evolution from the 1970's to the 1990's. Modern HPLC has many applications including separation, identification, purification, and quantification of various compounds. It is important for those using HPLC to understand the theory of operation in order to receive the optimum analysis of their compounds. For those interested in purchasing or using an HPLC we have included a list of manufacturers, a troubleshooting guide, technical assistance, and a bibliography to help reduce your personal research and referencing time. Once you have completed the theory of operation, you will be qualified to take a quick quiz to test your understanding of HPLC systems.
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some medicine you cannot mix
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A large number of biological compounds can be separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The specificity comes from the type of substrate that is deposited on the plates to use for separation and then the solvent systems that are used to develop the plates and separate the compounds.\n\nOne of the commonly used methods in research labs today is to differentiate between lipids or amino acids that have been phosphorylated by the action of a kinase enzyme. For instance, the presence of a newly added phosphate molecule onto a lipid like phosphatidyl inositol will create a new compound that can be separated from the original by TLC. Another example is when a protein is phosphorylated by the action of a kinase, you can digest the protein and compare it to an untreated sample and you will find a new spot corresponding to the phosphorylated peptide.\n\nDifferent types of sugars can also be separated by TLC. As can metabolites of various biological reactions. It is a little difficult to separate full-length intact proteins by TLC, but it is not impossible. The key features boil down to the choice of substrate and the mobile phase. In forensics, while I am not certain (not my area of expertise), I am relatively confident that drug metabolites can be isolated and verified by TLC.\n\nWhile TLC has a number of uses, it is most traditionally used to characterize substances that have undergone some sort of chemical alteration so that they can be identified when compared to an untreated sample of the same substance, for example, one sample plus or minus the addition of phosphate.
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Their difference in polarity and density are probably the two most likely properties to affect the rate of separation. Molecular weight differences between the two liquids would probably have some impact, also temperature would effect the rate of separation.
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method of separating components of substances: the use of biological agents such as plants, enzymes, or biological membranes to separate components, e.g. in the purification of proteins or water or in the manufacture of food and pharmaceuticals
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Take a sample and run a chromatography.
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The current way would be ion chromatography.  There are older less reliable methods.  You test for the calcium separate form the anions.  The calcium can also be donw by ICP or AA.
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(m)\n\nA mixture of two or more substances that cannot be easily separated by common physical means (ie settling, filtration, etc.). A mixture with no visible separation between its components. For example, salt and water. Compare to heterogeneous mixture.
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Ion-exchange chromatography, or the more general ion chromatography, is a process that allows the separation of ions and polar molecules based on the charge properties of the molecules. It can be used for almost any kind of charged molecule including large proteins, small nucleotides and amino acids, with the experimental solution to be separated collectively known as the analyte. It is often used as a first step in protein purification\n\n\n\n\nThe ion chromatography is used for analysis of aqueous samples in parts-per-million (ppm) quantities of common anions (such as fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, and sulfate and common cations like lithium, sodium, ammonium, and potassium) using conductivity detectors. The chromatography also has the capability to analyze aqueous samples for parts-per-billion (ppb) quantities of hydrazine, monomethylhydrazine (MMH), and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH).\n\nIon chromatography is a form of liquid chromatography that uses ion-exchange resins to separate atomic or molecular ions based on their interaction with the resin. Its greatest utility is for analysis of anions for which there are no other rapid analytical methods. It is also commonly used for cations and biochemical species such as amino acids and proteins. Most ion-exchange separations are done with pumps and metal columns.