What are the tools of monetary and fiscal policy?
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Yes.  Interest rates, taxes (on gasoline or foreign goods, for example), tax cuts, treasury buybacks, central bank dealings in foreign currency and gold, etc.  The politicians have a lot of tools.  Better to get a book on macroeconomics and read to your heart's content.
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Which interest rate?  There's the effective fed funds rate at the top and the daily data there.  If that's not it, there are plenty more to choose from.\n\nThe full data are here: http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h15/data.htm
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Expansionary monetary policy is monetary policy that seeks to increase the size of the money supply. In most nations, monetary policy is controlled by either a central bank or a finance ministry.\n\nNeoclassical and Keynesian economics significantly differ on the effects and effectiveness of monetary policy on influencing the real economy; there is no clear consensus on how monetary policy effects real economic variables (aggregate output or income, employment). Both economic schools accept that monetary policy affects monetary variables (price levels, interest rates).\n\nMonetary policy relies on a number of tools: monetary base, reserve requirements, discount window lending and interest rates.
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go to tools and internet options.
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Money, money, and money
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Foreign Policy--\nToughen sanctions on NKorea until they stop counterfeiting and talking about nukes.\nGradually move US troops to Iran.\nGive Iraq 3 months.  Promise rebuilding aid if they comply.  Withhold aid if they don't.\n\nSocial Policy--\nReform public education.  Break up the NEA.  End tenure.  Take all origin theory OUT.  Expel children whose parents won't make them follow the rules.   Teach responsibility with rights.\n\nMake Social Security need based now.  As it should have been 20 years ago.\n\nTie corporate tax cuts to employee incentives (medical, childcare, etc.)\n\nSanctions on Mexico, tied with funds, to make them fix their economic problems and to make them stay home.\n\nLimit welfare recipients to two children (males and females), after that, sterilization (males and females).  Welfare until the youngest child is in kindergarten.  Stop rewarding unmarried mothers--make welfare independent of marital status.\n\nSafety nets for the working poor--medicaid, childcare.  So the welfare parents will choose to work.
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The best way to get the information you require is to pick up the Economic Times everyday. You can also watch Business channels like CNBC TV18 and also surf the net to get this information.
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G'day Usman,\n\nThank you for your question.\n\nMobile finances.\n\nRegards
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They can change interest rates and buy/sell bonds on the open market.  I don't remember the last.  They probably use bonds the most often because the government uses that to finance itself.
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Well first, there is an enourmous amount of data to interpret. Then, there's the inter-relationships between the data to correlate (e.g Consumer Price Index, Producer Price Index to other inflationary indicators). All of this analysis is likely done by scientists- and there is some esoteric stuff as well- then the policy advisor takes all this vast information from the scientist and considers economic policy. There are two basic types of policies: monetary and fiscal and usually they try to work in conjunction with one another. \nOverall the economy is comprised of C=Consumer Spending G=Government Spending I=Industry spending X-M (Imports-Exports which is trade).\nSO, economic policites would look at all of the above and set interest rates, or determine whether to advise an increase in government spending, or in some cases, create trade tariffs...\nBut underlying all this policy is obviously intense political pressure.
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These two links are quite comprehensive in their coverage of these terms. \n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflation_%28economics%29
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Strong and growing. Thanks to the great fiscal managment of the Government. Monetary policy has been good to.\n\nCheck out the following: GDP and its growth rate, CPI increases, Unemployment rate, Interest rate just to name 4
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Fiscal Policy: eg.Changing Business/Personal Tax - lowering tax will increase investment/spending, while increasing taxes will reduce spending/investment. Using Fiscal policy has a direct affect on a companies or individuals 'real' income, rather than simply effecting the cost or borrowing for capital (new premises or mortgages/loans/credit).\n\nHaving your faith in Fiscal or Monetary (r of i) Policy on the whole is down to you as an individual but in reality a fully functioning Government uses a mix of Fiscal, Monetary and Exchange Rate policy to maintain a stable (avoiding boom/bust) economy.\n\nAnother advantage to Fiscal Policy is that it can be used to remedy the imbalance of wealth - rich/poor divide!\n\nBoom/Bust Cycle - this is created from the over-heating of the economy ......... people spending too much and then not enough. So, with any economic policy (as a whole), you are looking to maintain some level of control over peoples spending. Whether it's by taking money away from them (tax), persuading them to save (tax free savings, pension) or by increasing the r of i (increasing the cost of borrowing) etc, it doesn't really matter so long as you stick to your long term plans/commitments and don't look for short-term popularity and give in to the populous - like the Conservative Gov of the 80's-90's.\n\nIn my opinion, fiscal policy might be unpopular with some but it provides a greater economic stabiliy that cannot be obtained from changing an economies r of i (base-rate).\n\nNB. Increasing prices wether by fiscal or particularly monetary policy will create inflation and increase prices (the cost of living), so all changes must be gentle, well informed and clear!\n\nHope this helps :O)
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Go to\n\nhttp://woodrow.mpls.frb.fed.us/info/policy/#policy\n\nUnited States Monetary Policy\n\nWhat is Monetary Policy? | Instruments of Monetary Policy\nMonetary Policy Indicators | Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)\nFOMC Minutes | FOMC Dates | Monetary Policy Objectives\nMonetary Policy Links\nMonetary Policy\n\nMonetary policy is a central bank's actions to influence the availability and cost of money and credit, as a means of helping to promote national economic goals.\n\n    * Monetary Policy, via Board of Governors\n      Monetary policy is made by the Federal Open Market Committee, which consists of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Reserve Bank presidents.\n    * Monetary Policy and the Economy, via Board of Governors\n    * U.S. Monetary Policy: An Introduction, via FRB San Francisco\n    * Comparative Central Banking and the Politics of Monetary Policy, remarks by Governor Laurence H. Meyer, May 21, 2001\n    * Technology, Macroeconomics, and Monetary Policy,\n      remarks by Federal Reserve Vice Chairman Roger W. Ferguson, Jr., December 6, 2000\n    * Challenges for Monetary Policymakers, remarks by Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan, October 19, 2000\n    * The Politics of Monetary Policy: Balancing Independence and Accountability, remarks by Governor Laurence H. Meyer,\n      October 24, 2000\n    * The Strategy of Monetary Policy, remarks by Alan S. Blinder, vice chair of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, The Region, Sept. 1995\n    * The Strategy of Monetary Policy,\n      remarks by Governor Laurence H. Meyer, March 16, 1998\n    * Formulating a Consistent Approach to Monetary Policy,\n      1995 Annual Report essay \n\nInstruments of Monetary Policy\nOpen Market Operations\n\n    * Fedpoint: Open Market Operations, via FRB New York\n    * Understanding Open Market Operations, via FRB New York\n    * Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)\n    * Shadow Open Market Committee (The Region, June 1993)\n\nDiscount Window\n\nWhen the Federal Reserve System was established in 1913, lending reserve funds through the discount window was intended as the principal instrument of central banking operations. Although the window was long ago superseded by open market operations as the most important tool of monetary policy, it still has a complementary role in the day-to-day implementation of policy.\n\n    * Discount Rate — current and historical\n    * Fedpoint: The Discount Window, via FRB New York \n\nReserve Requirements\n\n    * Components of the Reserves Market\n    * Current Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions\n    * Fedpoint: Reserve Requirements, via FRB New York\n\nMonetary Policy Indicators\nMonetary and Credit Aggregates\n\n    * M1 - Measure of the U.S. money stock that consists of currency held by the public, travelers checks, demand deposits and other checkable deposits including NOW (negotiable order of withdrawal) and ATS (automatic transfer service) account balances and share draft account balances at credit unions.\n\n      M1 Money Stock - Not Seasonally Adjusted — 1959 - present,\n      via FRB St. Louis\n      M1 Money Stock — 1959 - present, via FRB St. Louis\n\n    * M2 - M1 plus savings accounts and small denomination time deposits, plus shares in money market mutual funds (other than those restricted to institutional investors), plus overnight Eurodollars and repurchase agreements.\n\n      M2 Money Stock - Not Seasonally Adjusted — 1959 - present,\n      via FRB St. Louis\n      M2 Money Stock — 1959 - present, via FRB St. Louis\n    * M3 - M2 plus large-denomination time deposits at all depository institutions, large denomination term repurchase agreements, and shares in money market mutual funds restricted to institutional investors.\n\n      M3 Money Stock - Not Seasonally Adjusted — 1959 - present,\n      via FRB St. Louis\n      M3 Money Stock — 1959 - present, via FRB St. Louis \n\nShort- and Long-term Intere
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pay taxes (check)\njoin the guard (check)\nhelp katrina victims (check)\nimpeach certain liars.....*sigh*
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http://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/reservereq.htm
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Learn About:\n\nStandard Deviation\nAsset Price Forecasting\n& Risk Mngt.\n\nIt will help you when you talk to professional money managers.