how does water help create features of karst topography?
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Acidic rainfall dissolves soluble rock, such as limestone.\n\nThis article has some examples and pictures of Karst topography:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karst
1088292
See the classic landforms and its characteristics in\nhttp://www.geomorph.org/gt/regional/nam.html
161011
River morphology (shape) is controlled by a number of characteristics. River channels can be broken into three types, straight rivers, single channel meandering rivers, and braided rivers (multi-channel). The amount and size of the sediment the river carries, the slope of the river channel, and the amount of water in the river determine the shape of the river channel. \n\nStraight rivers tend to have the lowest sediment load and the lowest slope. Meandering rivers have slightly more slope, and much more sediment load, and braided rivers have both the highest slopes and greatest sediment loads. \n\nRiver channels in cross section often have a cup-like  shape with the deepest portion, known as the thalweg, found on one side or the other. This thalweg has the highest flow velocity and because it flows faster it can cut into the bank it is closest to, while the shallow part of the river slows down and drops sediment. This action causes both meandering rivers and braided rivers to move their channels from side to side in a valley over time. Straight channel rivers also have thalwegs that move but the effect is much less. \n\nAs rivers go from mountainous terrain to nearly flat valleys they change from braided streams and rivers to meandering rivers. As they approach sea level they form deltas where the flow often separates into separate branching channels. A great deal of the sediment load of the river is deposited on the delta, and as the river flows into the ocean it builds the delta outward. Rivers like the Mississippi have built deltas far out into the ocean with sediment piles that are several miles deep.
933095
Well water can over time through a process called weathering, other than that acid is excellent, that is how acid rain is effecting us.\nAlso salt and a number of other chemicals and solvents.
931995
limestone minerals buffer the acid rain.  The acid reacts with the calcite, etc. in limestone and changes it to more neutral or even slightly basic.  Our groundwater, therefore, tends to have a higher pH even though the pH of rainwater is low.
216378
Teach the local tribes to biuld water wells\nAnd then get them to go around teaching others\n\nFor the deserts and arid locations of Africa a hole covered by seran wrap will collect water from the rising humidity
470724
Aquifer , in hydrology, a porous layer of rock capable of storing, filtering, and releasing water. The rock layer, or stratum, contains many pore spaces which, when connected, form a matrix allowing movement of water through the rock.There are two types of aquifer: confined aquifers and groundwater aquifers.\n\nget pics on google
1100334
This is a very common name for caves, so it is hard to be certain of which Crystal Cave you are asking about. There is a Crystal Cave near Cherokee County that is part of a cave preserve that is most certainly a natural cave. It is gated and locked and not open to the public as far as I know. I can find no references to a "Cristal" Cave. \n\nIt is not uncommon for a cave to have formed during a period of time many thousands or even millions of years ago when the climate of a the area was much different than it is today. For example, during the Eocene about 38 million years ago the area where Oklahoma is now had a paratropical climate. (see: http://www.scotese.com/earlyeoc1.htm)\nThere are many caves in desert climates that formed long before the area became a desert. Consider some of the spectacular caves in southern Arizona such as Kartchner Caverns:\nhttp://www.pr.state.az.us/Parks/parkhtml/kartchner.html\n\nIn the northwest part of Oklahoma there are many caves formed in gypsum. In other parts of the state there are caves in limestone. The hardness of the rock has nothing to do with the formation of a cave. In both limestone and gypsum, caves are formed by dissolution of the rock by water. In limestone caves this process is aided by carbonic acid which forms in overlying soil when rainfall dissolved carbon dioxide. This acidic water attacks the limestone and forms caves.  Limestone frequently has fractures and joints within the rock that are the initial paths of water flow, and as these enlarge they form connected paths that often grow into a cave. If the process goes on for enough time, the limestone dissolves away completely. However, in many cases the cave forms and then climatic changes or changes such as geologic uplift bring cave formation to a halt. The cave is preserved and is no longer actively forming. \n\nTo see some more informatin about cave formation:\nhttp://www.speleogenesis.info/\n\nHere is an animation that illustrates perfectly how a cave can form and then become dry:\nhttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1405/es1405page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization
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Caves often contain a large number of fascinating deposits that form within the cave by precipitation of limestone from water seeping into the cave. The two most well-known and commonly seen formations are stalactites and stalagmites.\n\nStalactites hang from the ceiling. They are long pointed conical deposits of limestone. The water seeping into the cave has both carbonic acid (dissolved CO2) and calcium carbonate in it. As the water is exposed to the cave air, frequently some of the CO2 comes out of solution to equalize with the cave air. This makes the solution oversaturated with calcium carbonate and the mineral deposits on the surface the water is flowing over. Stalactites in some caves have internal layers, somewhat like tree rings, that correspond to seasonal changes. Various types of isotopic and trace mineral analyses can be done with these revealing information about past climates and showing the age of the stalactites. \n\nStalagmites are very much like a stalactite, except they form on the floor and build upward. They do not always have the same degree of organized internal structure as a stalactite because they grow from dripping, sometimes splashing water and can be more irregular. \n\nWhen a stalactite and a stalagmite grow together, as often happens, they will eventually form a column. These can be very tall, or very massive. \n\nWhen water flows across some slopes in caves it will form what is called flowstone. Flowstone can take many shapes and can be very smooth or can form small ripples and cups on its surface that sometimes grow large enough to hold small pools of water. Often there will be stalactites forming near the bottom of a flowstone formation where the water begins to drip again. \n\nRimstone dams are another dramatic cave formation. These sometimes thin walls of calcite form as near-vertical walls on the floors of caves and will hold back large pools of water. Where the water flows over the edge of the rimstone dam, the thin sheet of water will lose CO2, causing CaCO2 (calcite) to precipitate. \n\nTake a look at these websites to see some photos. If you want to learn more about caves check out the National Speleological Society page here:\nhttp://www.caves.org/committee/education/learnmoreaboutcaves.htm
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not all valleys, but many do.  it's a good spot for civilizations to start, since there's usually a supply of water.
670407
False.\n\nPermeable rocks allow water to move through them. Impermeable rocks don't therefore the water would run off.
356407
find a mountain, hill, or other land area that is elevated, that collects water.\n\nDig a trench, or path, so the extra water flows through it.\n\nMake sure the path you dig goes into another body of water, like a pond, lake, or other water area.
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I myself hate it when I have to answer like this.......that it depends on many factors...\n\nBut in this case it really does! You see, designing the features require complete knowledge of the area. You may then refer to any geotech engg book and will find some good answer. Even a Foundation of Geotech engg book will be enough
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its formed by the dissolution of a soluble layer or layers of bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite ..\n\nKarst landforms are generally the result of mildly acidic water acting on soluble bedrock such as limestone or dolostone. The carbonic acid that causes these features is formed as rain passes through the atmosphere picking up CO2, which dissolves in the water. Once the rain reaches the ground, it may pass through soil that may provide further CO2 to form a weak carbonic acid solution: H2O + CO2 → H2CO3. Recent studies of sulphates in karst waters suggests sulphuric and hydrosulphuric acid may also play an important role in karst formation.\n\nThis mildly acidic water begins to dissolve the surface and any fractures or bedding planes in the limestone bedrock. Over time these fractures enlarge as the bedrock continues to dissolve. Openings in the rock increase in size, and an underground drainage system begins to develop, allowing more water to pass through and accelerating the formation of underground karst features.\n\nfor more try http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karst
128765
We had a teacher at school who did a project on erosion that I still remember, so it must have taught us somehting.\n\nHe got a wheelbarrow load of fine sand and piled it into a mound out in theplayground. Then he got a hose and wet the top of it and let some of it wash away. \n\nNot only do you see a practical demonstration of the way that rain erodes mountains and forms streams and rivers but by varying the steepness of the mound or the speed of the water falling on it you can form shallow, broad wandering 'rivers' or steep sided straight valleys and so on.\n\nWe all thought it was prety cool that you could actualy see the rivers form as you watched.
915724
the form just about everywhere in the world.  slightly acidic water (which most rain water is...it picks up CO2 on the way down....and makes a mild carbonic acid) dissolves limestone over long amounts of time.   it also happens with dolomite, marble, and gypsum....and it can happen with sandstone, as well - in the case of sandstone, carbonates act as a binder.
524935
Water contains many dissolved ions, chief among them being Calcium and Magnesium. At high levels of alkalinity, event the CO2 present in the atmosphere or released from washing soda reacts with Ca2+ to give rise to CaCO3 and hence the milky appearance.