what is LIDAR(PHOTOGARMMETRY)?
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Lidar stands for light detection and ranging it is a remote sensing technique using pulses of laser light, striking the ground and measuring the time it takes to return to the sensor to accurately determine distance. Lidar is used to accurately determine terrian elevations and water depths.
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Atmospheric refraction is the deviation of light or other electromagnetic wave from a straight line as it passes through the atmosphere due to the variation in air density as a function of altitude.\n\nAtmospheric refraction near the ground produces mirages and can make distant objects appear to shimmer or ripple.
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In the broadest sense, remote sensing is the measurement or acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon, by a recording device that is not in physical or intimate contact with the object. In practice, remote sensing is the utilization at a distance (as from aircraft, spacecraft, satellite, or ship) of any device for gathering information about the environment. Thus an aircraft taking photographs, Earth observation and Weather satellites, monitoring of a fetus in the womb via ultrasound, and space probes are all examples of remote sensing. In modern usage, the term generally refers to techniques involving the use of instruments aboard aircraft and spacecraft rather then other fields which are considered to be under medical imaging.
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In statistics, it's the degree of scatter of data.  In physics it's the separation of visible light into colors by refraction or diffraction.
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Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) is probably what you're looking for...nice for discovering chemical composition of light source and probably a zillion other different things.
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A mirage is a naturally occurring optical phenomenon. The kind most commonly seen (inferior mirage - where the inverted image lies below the upright one) is produced by the refraction of light when it passes into a layer of warm air lying close to a heated ground surface. In deserts, mirages may give the appearance of a lake or other large body of water in the distance; as the previous writer stated, this is actually an image of the sky being refracted back up from the warm air lying over the sand.
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Radiance and spectral radiance are radiometric measures that describe the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle in a specified direction. They are used to characterize both emission from diffuse sources and reflection from diffuse surfaces. The SI unit of radiance is watts per steradian per square metre (W·sr-1·m-2).
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LASER is the acronym for "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation".  It is, first, a process that is explained by quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics.  At this point, it has come into common use, and can also refer to either the light or the device used to produce this type of light.  It does not have a higher energy than light produced by other means, as the energy only depends on the frequency of light.  It does have a higher intensity concentrated into a smaller area, and much higher coherency than light from the sun or a light bulb.\n\nAlso, all light, regardless of how it is produced, travels at approximately 300,000 km/sec in a vacuum.  That value does not differ from one type of light to another, or one color of light to another.
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these are read with basic images.  rather than crossing a laser beam across it, a "photograph" of the pattern is taken, and a binary code can be read using the light and dark areas of the pattern.
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A hologram is a three- dimensional photograph made with the aid of a laser.\n\nTo make a hologram, the object to be photographed is first bathed in the light of a laser beam. Then a second laser beam is bounced off the reflected light of the first and the resulting interference pattern (the area where the two laser beams commingle) is captured on film.\n\nWhen the film is developed, it looks like a meaningless swirl of light and dark lines. But as soon as the developed film is illuminated by another laser beam, a three-dimensional image of the original object appears.\n\nThe three-dimensionality of such images is not the only remarkable characteristic of holograms. If a hologram of a rose is cut in half and then illuminated by a laser, each half will still be found to contain the entire image of the rose.\n\nIndeed, even if the halves are divided again, each snippet of film will always be found to contain a smaller but intact version of the original image. Unlike normal photographs, every part of a hologram contains all the information possessed by the whole.\n\nTherefore some believe that objective reality does not exist, that despite its apparent solidity the universe is at heart a phantasm, a gigantic and splendidly detailed hologram.
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Google earth has the closest thing with a 3D view on some popular locations, like NYC and the Vatican.\n\nThe best answer is none, because all satellites take pictures looking straight down.  At 23 miles up just about everything looks like you are looking straight down.
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Holography takes an impression of an image from several angles that incide at the same time on a photographic transluscent piece of film.  when the film is iluminated from the right angles with coherent light (such as lasers), the interlacing rays of light create a tri dimensional image corresponding to the original model.  Holo means "complete" and graphos means "picture".  If you cut in half the film that contains an holographic picture, you don´t get half of the picture.  Instead, you get a smaller but complete image of the original.
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Light Ampliification through the Stimuated Emmision of Radiation. It is what laser stands for, and signifies how the light is polarized and focused through mirrors and radioactive gases.
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A 3D scanner is a device that analyzes a real-world object or environment to collect data on its shape and possibly color. The collected data can then be used to construct digital, three dimensional models that are used in a wide variety of applications. These devices are used extensively by industry in the production of such things as movies and video games. Other applications include industrial design and prototyping, computer vision and documentation of cultural artifacts.\n\nTwo types of 3D scanners are contact and non-contact. Non-contact 3D scanners can be further divided into two main categories, active scanners and passive scanners. There are a variety of technologies that fall under each of these categories.\n\nThe purpose of a 3D scanner is usually to create a point cloud of geometric samples on the surface of the subject. These points can then be used to extrapolate the shape of the subject (a process called reconstruction). If color information is collected at each point, then the colors on the surface of the subject can also be determined.\n\n3D scanners are very analogous to cameras. Like cameras, they have a cone-like field of view, and like cameras, they can only collect information about surfaces that are not obscured. While a camera collects color information about surfaces within its field of view, 3D scanners collect distance information about surfaces within its field of view. \n\nGood quality 3D scanner will cost you $ 2495.\nPl. visit:\nhttps://www.nextengine.com/indexSecure.htm
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Geocentric \nTeleological\nAnthropocentric
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It measures the density of cumulative clouds. Good Luck !  :)
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Are you referring to millimeter wave radar? I'm not familiar with any system that includes lasers.\n\nMillimeter wave radar is just radar of a particular band (somewhere between 30 GHz and 300 GHz). Some applications include cloud radar to detect the tops and bottoms of clouds; using doppler techniques to detect vertical movement within a cloud; and adaptive cruise control in cars to maintain a pre-set distance.