history of mathematics in medical?
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Mathematics in medicine starts with enzyme kinetics, introducing the ideas of the Law of Mass Action, nondimensionalisation, and perturbation analysis. It also briefly introduces autocatalysis, and cooperative reactions. A pregnancy testing kit can be mathematically modelled and analysed: this will introduce the use of Laplace transforms in partial differential equations and asymptotic results. The vascular system can be discussed and solutions for pusatile blood flow will be derived. This in turn can be applied in the analysis of a catheter in the pulmonary artery which is heated one degree above blood temperature. Knowing the power input we deduce the cardiac output. Finally Infectious diseases can be discussed. In particular the SIR model is dealt with; this is followed by an analysis of a sexually transmitted disease and then the spread of rabies is considered.\n\nDavid Bernoulli was famous for his mathematics applied to medicine
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Here - start with this website http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mathematics and work from there.\n\nGood Luck!!!
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geometry:the pure mathematics of points and lines and curves and surfaces\n\nGeometry (from the Greek words Geo = earth and metro = measure) is the branch of mathematics first popularized in ancient Greek culture by Thales (circa 624-547 BC) dealing with spatial relationships
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Mathematics was not invented; it was noticed. Then the early Babylonians started using it to make the calender we still use today. It was used for so many things! Things just kept getting noticed. Heck; I've invented 2 Theorems already. Proved 'em, too.
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my advice is to look for a history book, but also you can check wikipedia:\n\nGreek mathematics studied before the Hellenistic period refers only to the mathematics of Greece. Greek mathematics studied from the time of the Hellenistic period (from 323 BC) refers to all mathematics of those who wrote in the Greek language, since Greek mathematics was now not only written by Greeks but also non-Greek scholars throughout the Hellenistic world, which was spread across the Eastern end of the Mediterranean. Greek mathematics from this point merged with Egyptian and Babylonian mathematics to give rise to Hellenistic mathematics. Most mathematical texts written in Greek were found in Greece, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Sicily and Southern Italy.\n\nAlthough the earliest found Greek texts on mathematics were written after the Hellenistic period, many of these are considered to be copies of works written during and before the Hellenistic period. Nevertheless, the dates of Greek mathematics are more certain than the dates of earlier mathematical writing, since a large number of chronologies exist that, overlapping, record events year by year up to the present day. Even so, many dates are uncertain; but the doubt is a matter of decades rather than centuries.\n\nGreek mathematics is thought to have begun with Thales (c. 624—c.546 BC) and Pythagoras (c. 582—c. 507 BC). Although the extent of the influence is disputed, they were probably influenced by the ideas of Egypt, Mesopotamia and less likely[citation needed], India. Thales used geometry to solve problems such as calculating the height of pyramids and the distance of ships from the shore. According to Proclus' commentary on Euclid, Pythagoras stated the Pythagorean theorem and constructed Pythagorean triples algebraically. It is generally conceded that Greek mathematics differed from that of its neighbors in its insistence on axiomatic proofs.[8]\n\nGreek and Hellenistic mathematicians were the first to give a proof for irrational numbers (due to the Pythagoreans), and the first to develop Eudoxus's method of exhaustion, and the Sieve of Eratosthenes for uncovering prime numbers. They took the ad hoc methods of constructing a circle or an ellipse and developed a comprehensive theory of conics; they took many various formulas for areas and volumes and deduced methods to separate the correct from the incorrect and generate general formulas. The first recorded abstract proofs are in Greek, and all extant studies of logic proceed from the methods set down by Aristotle. Euclid, in the Elements, wrote a book that would be used as a mathematics textbook throughout Europe, the Near East and North Africa for almost two thousand years. In addition to the familiar theorems of geometry, such as the Pythagorean theorem, The Elements includes a proof that the square root of two is irrational and that there are infinitely many prime numbers.\n\nSome say the greatest of Greek mathematicians, if not of all time, was Archimedes (287—212 BC) of Syracuse. According to Plutarch, at the age of 75, while drawing mathematical formulas in the dust, he was run through with a spear by a Roman soldier. Roman society has left little evidence of an interest in pure mathematics.\n\n\nEuropean Renaissance mathematics (c. 1200—1600)\n\nIn Europe at the dawn of the Renaissance, most of what is now called school mathematics -- addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and geometry -- was known to educated people, though the notation was cumbersome: Roman numerals and words were used, but no symbols: no plus sign, no equal sign, and no use of x as an unknown. Most of the mathematics now taught at universities was either known only to the mathematical community in India or had yet to be investigated and developed in Europe.\n\nThrough Latin translations of Arabic texts, knowledge of the Hindu-Arabic numerals and other important developments of Islamic and Indian mathematics were brought to Europ
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Mathematics - plane geometry in particular - has seveal widely accepted truths. Mormons, Muslims and Methodists all prove two triangles are congruent the same way.\n\nHindu children believe their pet will be reincarnated.
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The best site which provides biography of mathematicians of ancient indian and others is the following one.\n\nhttp://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/\n\nCheck this out. And you will be amazed to see the amount of inofrmations available with the site.
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You would think Pythagoras, but actually not originally.\nHe studied many years at the library of Alexandria (Ancient Egypt), whereupon he came upon this theorem (now named after him) first recorded by an ancient Egyptian mathematician known as (I think) Tet.\nSince it was not permitted to take things from the library, or even copy them he memorized it, then later taught it to his disciples as his own.
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History of Imaginary Numbers:\n\n\nComplex numbers were being used by mathematicians long before they were first properly defined, so it's difficult to trace the exact origin.\n \nThe first reference that I know of (but there may be earlier ones) is by Cardan in 1545, in the course of investigating roots of polynomials. During this period of time the notation underroot-1 was used, but more in the sense of a convenient fiction to categorize the properties of some polynomials, by describing how their roots would behave if we pretend that they have them. It was seen how the notation could lead to fallacies such as that described in the Classic Fallacies section of this web site, so square root -1 was considered a useful piece of notation when putting polynomials into categories, but was not seen as a real mathematical object. \n\nLater Euler in 1777 eliminated some of the problems by introducing the notation i and -i for the two different square roots of -1. With him originated the notation a + bi for complex numbers. He also began to explore the extension of functions like the exponential function to the case of complex-valued arguments. However, the numbers i and -i were called "imaginary" (an unfortunate choice of terminology which has remained to this day), because their existence was still not clearly understood. \n\nWessel in 1797 and Gauss in 1799 used the geometric interpretation of complex numbers as points in a plane, which made them somewhat more concrete and less mysterious. \n\nFinally, Hamilton in 1833 put complex numbers on a sound mathematical footing by showing that pairs of real numbers with an appropriately defined multiplication form a number system, and that Euler's previously mysterious "i" can simply be interpreted as one of these pairs of numbers. That was the point at which the modern formulation of complex numbers can be considered to have begun.
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The origins of algebra can be traced to the ancient Babylonians, who developed an advanced arithmetical system with which they were able to do calculations in an algebraic fashion. With the use of this system they were able to apply formulae and calculate solutions for unknown values for a class of problems typically solved today by using linear equations, quadratic equations, and indeterminate linear equations. By contrast, most Egyptians of this era, and most Indian, Greek and Chinese mathematicians in the first millennium BC usually solved such equations by geometric methods, such as those described in the Moscow and Rhind Mathematical Papyri, Sulba Sutras, Euclid's Elements, and The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. This geometric work of the Greeks, typified in the Elements provided the framework for generalizing formulae beyond the solution of particular problems into more general systems of stating and solving equations.\n\nIndian mathematicians proceeded to write treatises on algebraic means of solving equations from the end of the first millennium BC, followed by Hellenistic mathematicians from the early first millennium AD. Important algebraic works from this general era include the Bakhshali Manuscript, the works of Hero of Alexandria, the Arithmetica of Diophantus, the Aryabhatiya of Aryabhata, and the Brahma Sputa Siddhanta of Brahmagupta.\n\nThe word "algebra" is named after the Arabic word "al-jabr" from the title of the book al-Kitāb al-muḫtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-ğabr wa-l-muqābala, meaning The book of Summary Concerning Calculating by Transposition and Reduction, a book written by Persian mathematician Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Ḵwārizmī in 820. The word al-jabr means "reunion". Al-Khwarizmi is often considered the "father of algebra" (though that title is also given to Diophantus), as much of his works on reduction are still in use today. Another Persian mathematician Omar Khayyam developed algebraic geometry and found the general geometric solution of the cubic equation. Indian mathematician Bhaskara and Chinese mathematician Zhu Shijie solved cubic, quartic (biquadratic) and higher-order polynomial equations.\n\nAnother key event in the further development of algebra was the general algebraic solution of the cubic and quartic equations, developed in the mid-16th century. The idea of a determinant was developed by Japanese mathematician Kowa Seki in the 17th century, followed by Gottfried Leibniz ten years later, for the purpose of solving systems of simultaneous linear equations using matrices. Gabriel Cramer also did some work on matrices and determinants in the 18th century. Abstract algebra was developed in the 19th century, initially focusing on what is now called Galois theory, and on constructibility issues.\n\nThe stages of the development of symbolic algebra are roughly as follows:\nRhetorical algebra, which was developed by the Babylonians and remained dominant up to the 16th century;\nGeometric constructive algebra, which was emphasised by the Vedic Indian and classical Greek mathematicians;\nSyncopated algebra, as developed by Diophantus and in the Bakhshali Manuscript; and\nSymbolic algebra, which sees its culmination in the work of Leibniz.\n \nCover of the 1621 edition of Diophantus' Arithmetica, translated into Latin by Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac.\n\nA timeline of key algebraic developments are as follows:\nCirca 1800 BC: The Old Babylonian Strassburg tablet seeks the solution of a quadratic elliptic equation.\nCirca 1600 BC: The Plimpton 322 tablet gives a table of Pythagorean triples in Babylonian Cuneiform script.\nCirca 800 BC: Indian mathematician Baudhayana, in his Baudhayana Sulba Sutra, discovers Pythagorean triples algebraically, finds geometric solutions of linear equations and quadratic equations of the forms ax2 = c and ax2 + bx = c, and finds two sets of positive integral solutions to a set of simultaneous Diopha
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Math did not need to be invented!  It has been around forever.  Well, ok, here is a quote from "Mathematical Thought from ancient to modern times": "Mathematics as an organized, independent, and reasoned discipline did not exist before the classical Greeks of the period from 600 to 300 BC entered upon the scene. There were, however, prior civilizations in which the beginnings or rudiments of mathematics were created."
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Go to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_numbers#History.
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http://www.aaregistry.com/african_american_history/2511/William_Claytor_a_genius_in_Math\n\nhttp://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/PEEPS/claytor_wschieffelin.html\n\nhttp://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/aframer/math.html
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Have a read at Steven Hawkings "A Brief History of Time"  There is an on-line version somewhere so you don't have to buy it.  It is a long book but is a good effort at explaining very complex mathematics in lay persons terms.  I'm no genius and even I managed to grasp the majority of it.  \n\nIt runs through the history of mathematics and physics, big bang theory (singularity), dark matter, black holes, the lot.  Just don't let your friends find out.  They'll think you're a dweeb!
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In the history of math, it took certain conditions to kindle an interest in various branches of maths and related interests (astronomy, geometry, algebra). Accounting was necessary only where personal consumption varied strongly from personal production, i.e. in cities where communal irrigation or similar communal activities overrode the pure agricultural (or otherwise primary production) activity. Keeping a calendar became another agricultural necessity tied in to maths (or at least counting and accounting).\n\nMore recently, under the Nazi regime there was a school of German physicists which aimed at teaching physics not from mathematical formulary but in a purely textual approach, to counter the presumed "jewish" way we still practise at university.\n\nWhen I started school, another teaching paradigm was to start maths education with set theory.\n\nBoth of these approaches were ideologically based rather than culturally, but if a few generations of mathematicians are taught that way, it might change their outlook at maths to make a cultural difference.
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The official site only lists back to 1996, so you might try posting a message here\nhttp://www.mathlinks.ro/Forum/forum-314-50-50.html\nor, email mathcamp and ask them mc-info@mathcamp.org
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mathematics\n\nScience of structure, order, and relation that has evolved from counting, measuring, and describing the shapes of objects. It deals with logical reasoning and quantitative calculation. Since the 17th century it has been an indispensable adjunct to the physical sciences and technology, to the extent that it is considered the underlying language of science. \n\nAmong the principal branches of mathematics are algebra, analysis, arithmetic, combinatorics, Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries, game theory, number theory, numerical analysis, optimization, probability, set theory, statistics, topology, and trigonometry.