Where does science get the hormones from that it uses for hormone replacement treatments etc.?
359051
It really depends on the hormone. \n\nMost protein hormones (such as insulin and HGH) are made by recombinant DNA technology. Most of the glucocorticoid (eg cortisone), mineralocorticoid (eg aldosterone) and sex hormones (eg estradiol and progesterone) are partially synthesized starting with certain readily available plant hormones. \n\nIn the past some hormones were indeed taken from animals and human cadavers, but with advances in DNA technology and improved methods of chemical synthesis, this has been almost entirely abandoned.
182833
estrogen is a sex hormone, functioning as the primary female sex hormone, while insulin is a polypeptide hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism.\n\nFrom wikipedia:\nEstrogens' (also oestrogens) are a group of steroid compounds, named for their importance in the oestrus cycle, functioning as the primary female sex hormone. While estrogens are present in both men and women, they are usually present at significantly higher levels in women of reproductive age. They promote the development of female secondary sex characteristics, such as breasts, and are also involved in the thickening of the endometrium and other aspects of regulating the menstrual cycle. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) regulate the production of estrogen in ovulating women. Since estrogen circulating in the blood can feedback to reduce circulating levels of FSH and LH, some oral contraceptives contain estrogens.\n\nThe three major naturally occurring estrogens in women are estradiol, estriol and estrone. In the body these are all produced from androgens through enzyme action. Estradiol is produced from testosterone and estrone from androstenedione. Estrone is weaker than estradiol, and in post-menopausal women more estrone is present than estradiol.\n\nInsulin: \n, "island", as it is produced in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas) is a polypeptide hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism. Apart from being the primary effector in carbohydrate homeostasis, it also has a substantial effect on small vessel muscle tone, controls storage and release of fat (triglycerides) and cellular uptake of both amino acids and some electrolytes. In this last sense, it has anabolic properties. Its concentration (more or less, presence or absence) has extremely widespread effects throughout the body.\n\nInsulin is used medically in some forms of diabetes mellitus. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus depend on exogenous insulin (injected subcutaneously) for their survival because of an absolute deficiency of the hormone; patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have either relatively low insulin production or insulin resistance or both, and a non-trivial fraction of type 2 diabetics eventually require insulin administration when other medications become inadequate in controlling blood glucose levels.\n\nInsulin has the empirical formula C257H383N65O77S6.\n\nSo essentially, tho they are both hormones, they play very different roles. Also, insulin is not typcally realted to one gender, while estrogen is mainly a female hormone (and therefore has feminising abilities)\nHope that helps you!
644666
Estrogens\nEstrogens are steroids. They \nare primarily responsible for the conversion of girls into sexually-mature women. \ndevelopment of breasts \nfurther development of the uterus and vagina \nbroadening of the pelvis \ngrowth of pubic and axillary hair \nincrease in adipose (fat) tissue\nparticipate in the monthly preparation of the body for a possible pregnancy \nparticipate in pregnancy if it occurs\nEstrogens also have non-reproductive effects. \nThey antagonize the effects of the parathyroid hormone, minimizing the loss of calcium from bones and thus helping to keep bones strong. \nThey promote blood clotting.
180760
hormones are molecules that act on cells to cause changes in cellular homeostasis.  Steroids are made from cholesterol (such as progesterone, testosterone).  Other horomones such as growth factors are proteins, others are small peptides such as insulin.
140106
Info on the Endocrine system:
1122265
Ask your doctor to run thyroid tests, hormone tests including testosterone.  HRT can be done in other ways not just a pill or a patch.  There are compounding pharmacies out there that make natural hormone replacement like estrogen cream, and micronized natural oral progesterone that don't carry the risks that the mainstream drug companies products do.  Suzanne Summers wrote a very good book about this about 2 yrs ago.\nTestosterone can be helpful for women but the testing should be done first.
434504
http://www.hormonejungle.com/\nhttp://www.womenshealth.com/library/hysterectomy_meno.htm
636443
http://distance.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP2pages/Units14to17/endocrine/hormonal.htm\nhttp://www.mtsu.edu/~jshardo/bly2020/hormonal_regulation.html
6913
Hormones to make it a short answer.
358850
endocrine glands dump hormones and proteins directly into the bloodstream.  They have a large bloodflow to them, so they can release their products into that blood stream.  Endocrine glands are responsible for a majority of the homeostasis of the body.  look on wikipedia.org for more info.
99271
genetics and hormones
215056
The endocrine system produces hormones and works with the circulatory system - that carries them. The nervous system works with the respiratory system and every other system in the body; such as the gastrointestinal system and reproductive systems.
717569
Estratest tablets quell the flushing, sweating, "hot flashes," and vaginal irritation that trouble three-quarters of all women when they reach menopause. Estratest works by replacing some of the estrogen that is lost when the reproductive system shuts down. Although it relieves the physical symptoms of menopause, it won't help emotional symptoms such as depression if the physical symptoms are absent. It combines supplemental estrogen with a synthetic form of the male hormone testosterone, and is prescribed when estrogen alone fails to relieve menopausal symptoms.
729430
The primary involved hormones are: Thyroxine(T4, thyroid gland), somatotrophine(STH, hypophisis), parathormone(PTH, parathyroid glands), calcitonin( thyroid gland), and dihidroxyde colecalciferol( D vitamin, produced primarily by the skin from cholesterol and sunlight).
14331
Some people think that hormone injections given animals we use for food is responsible. Another popular theory is that this is evolution of our species. Our species is evolving to become more efficient at reproduction. Actually, these changes in puberty age can be traced back to times long before hormone injections were being used, so evolution is a more logical answer.
204474
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid_hormone#Synthesis\n\nhttp://www.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/steroid-hormones.html
889922
They must be prescribed by a Dr., then you fill the prescription at any pharmacy. Estrogen comes in many different strengths, and has some dangerous side effects, like blood clots. Don't take estrogen without the Dr.'s advise.