How Do You Crossbreed a Plant?
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This requires a serious answer. I will not disappoint you .I will give a satisfactory answer after finishing my busy schedule to day only. Kindly look out for the 'Edit' in the answer.\n\nEDIT-: Cross breeding between two plants is possible and it is being practiced for many centuries. \nIt is more commonly called ‘Hybridization’ . This is usually undertaken to improve the quality of the plant concerned from man’s point of view.\n \nAll commercially important crops and fruits / flowers are the results of hybridization.\nUsually hybridization is successful between the two plants of the same species. \nTo put it in simple language ; It is possible between two rose plants but between rose (Rosa ) and Hibiscus not possible.\n It is possible between two varieties of wheat (Triticum ) ; but between wheat and rice ( Oryza ) is not possible.\n It is possible between two varieties of mango (Mangifera) ; but between mango and  orange ( Citrus ) is not possible. \n \nFor hybridization the  pollen grain are collected from one plant ( It is the donor ) and carefully dusted on the mature stigma of the other plant.( It is the recipient ). Now the cross fertilization takes place between the gametes of the two plants in side the ovary / ovule of the recipient. Donor plant has no further role to perform. \n The seeds are collected from the recipient and allowed to germinate to find the expression of the  desired character / s.\n\n The process described above is too simple but  in reality it is not so . It will require understanding of many botanical / scientific terms so I have avoided it.\n It is due to the practice of hybridization we can still feed the teeming population of the world. \n \nGrafting is NOT crossbreeding.
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Take clipping from original plant and plant the clipping.
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Step 1:  Get ahold of some tuberculosis bacteria.\n\n(Just kidding.)\n\nIt would be very very difficult to show evolution in an *experiment* because it takes hundreds or thousands of generations, which even with a super-fast reproducing species like bacteria, can take *years*. \n\nHowever, you might be able to do something with something like a mold or a fungus and some antifungal agent that killed some, but not all the fungus.  You might be able to demonstrate some resistance, within a few days, to the anti-fungal agent.  Basically, the fungus that was already vulnerable to the anti-fungal, would be eliminated quickly, leaving the more resistent strains.\n\nA better bet is *observation*.  I would recommend doing some research about flowers and polinating insects (like butterflies) in your area.  Many insects and flowers evolve together to where the insect has equipment perfectly suited for a specific plant.  E.g. a butterfly with a proboscis (nose) that is the perfect length for getting nectar out of certain flowers. \n\nAnother idea might be researching pedigrees for domesticated animals (cocker spaniels, race horses, dairy goats), or plants (orchids, roses, champion pumpkins) and look for trends that get passed down and reinforced in a certain breedlines.  Breeders tend to keep really good records going back generations.  Breeding is nothing more than evolution with humans doing the "selection".\n\nOr for fun, you can look at other evolving artifacts, like cars or computers.  E.g. the co-evolution of tires and cars.  Or guitar strings and neck truss-rods.\n\nHey Stephen Jay Gould (who loved baseball) wrote an absolutely fascinating essay about the co-evolution in baseball over the years between pitchers and hitters (the Decline of the .400 Hitter in Baseball).  (It's found in the book "Full House").  \n\nMy point is that many things can be examples of co-evolution ... it doesn't have to be biological.\n\nGood luck!
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you could make antibiotic/antiviral resistant strains of viruses or bacterea. change the genetics of plants to create more of a certain toxin so you can get a greater yield of toxin per plant. The most efficient way to distribute the toxin would be through the water supply. many places either do not check their water or do not check it well enough.
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OK.  Instances of evolution (speciation, not just adaptation to pesticides or antibiotics through selection):\n\nEvening Primrose (Oenothera gigas)\n\nWhile studying the genetics of the evening primrose, Oenothera lamarckiana, de Vries (1905) found an unusual variant among his plants. O. lamarckiana has a chromosome number of 2N = 14. The variant had a chromosome number of 2N = 28. He found that he was unable to breed this variant with O. lamarckiana. He named this new species O. gigas.\n\nRaphanobrassica\n\nThe Russian cytologist Karpchenko (1927, 1928) crossed the radish, Raphanus sativus, with the cabbage, Brassica oleracea. Despite the fact that the plants were in different genera, he got a sterile hybrid. Some unreduced gametes were formed in the hybrids. This allowed for the production of seed. Plants grown from the seeds were interfertile with each other. They were not interfertile with either parental species. Unfortunately the new plant (genus Raphanobrassica) had the foliage of a radish and the root of a cabbage.\n\nStephanomeira malheurensis\n\nGottlieb (1973) documented the speciation of Stephanomeira malheurensis. He found a single small population (< 250 plants) among a much larger population (> 25,000 plants) of S. exigua in Harney Co., Oregon. Both species are diploid and have the same number of chromosomes (N = 8). S. exigua is an obligate outcrosser exhibiting sporophytic self-incompatibility. S. malheurensis exhibits no self-incompatibility and self-pollinates. Though the two species look very similar, Gottlieb was able to document morphological differences in five characters plus chromosomal differences. F1 hybrids between the species produces only 50% of the seeds and 24% of the pollen that conspecific crosses produced. F2 hybrids showed various developmental abnormalities.\n\nDobzhansky and Pavlovsky (1971) reported a speciation event that occurred in a laboratory culture of Drosophila paulistorum sometime between 1958 and 1963. The culture was descended from a single inseminated female that was captured in the Llanos of Colombia. In 1958 this strain produced fertile hybrids when crossed with conspecifics of different strains from Orinocan. From 1963 onward crosses with Orinocan strains produced only sterile males. Initially no assortative mating or behavioral isolation was seen between the Llanos strain and the Orinocan strains. Later on Dobzhansky produced assortative mating (Dobzhansky 1972).\n\nApple Maggot Fly (Rhagoletis pomonella)\n\nRhagoletis pomonella is a fly that is native to North America. Its normal host is the hawthorn tree. Sometime during the nineteenth century it began to infest apple trees. Since then it has begun to infest cherries, roses, pears and possibly other members of the rosaceae. Quite a bit of work has been done on the differences between flies infesting hawthorn and flies infesting apple. There appear to be differences in host preferences among populations. Offspring of females collected from on of these two hosts are more likely to select that host for oviposition (Prokopy et al. 1988). Genetic differences between flies on these two hosts have been found at 6 out of 13 allozyme loci (Feder et al. 1988, see also McPheron et al. 1988). Laboratory studies have shown an asynchrony in emergence time of adults between these two host races (Smith 1988). Flies from apple trees take about 40 days to mature, whereas flies from hawthorn trees take 54-60 days to mature. This makes sense when we consider that hawthorn fruit tends to mature later in the season that apples. Hybridization studies show that host preferences are inherited, but give no evidence of barriers to mating. This is a very exciting case. It may represent the early stages of a sympatric speciation event (considering the dispersal of R. pomonella to other plants it may even represent the beginning of an adaptive radiation). It is important to note that some of the leading researchers on this question are urging c
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You can't. It will only grow longer, not thicker. It all depends on your heredity.
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sorry im a high schooler who doesnt know exactly how to do it but i think to approach it:\n1) find genotype thats just a little bit of guess and check although you know which ones are dominate since they give capital letters and you know they're heterozygous\n2) order youll have to find again with logic and guess and check\n3) genetic distance will be the times that it screws up from what would theoretically happen. Each gene locus in distance is about 1% so the number of percents that accidently cross will be your distance of alleles in map units\n4) this sounds like you would have to do this inorder to get #3... I really dont know too much about this but thats my stab at process of how to solve\nIf there is a pro here, I'd like to know how to do this too
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Transgenic plants are plants that have been genetically engineered,a breeding approach that uses recombinant DNA techniques to create plants with new characteristics.\n\nA transgenic animal is one that carries a foreign gene that has been deliberately inserted into its genome. The foreign gene is constructed using recombinant DNA methodology.
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go to google images and type "different types of house plants"\nsee what you get
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You can test growing different types of plants in different types of light or kinds/amounts of fertilizer.\n\nOne science project I saw that was visually interesting was done by a student who put white roses in different saturations of colored water (the white flower will turn colors.)\n\nOr could try growing mold on different kinds of food in different containers...putting eggs in different amounts of vinegar...\n\nGood luck.
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Ma'am , roses are sexual.  The pollen will "take" and viable seeds will form.  (3 to 6 months)  When the "hip" fruit yellows (or reddens depending on the hybrid,, or species) , you may harvest __( 1.)  and keep in the snow or fridge  __(  2.)  then  ,,  keep underground in a wire-mesh ,, and rot them a little bit (technically known as stratifying) __(  3.) then germinate them  __across two or three seasons (years !!) (rose seeds stay dormant for long time)  under 1/2(HALF) inch of soil.\n\n(  1.) \nRoses are commercially "asexually"  propergated because the hybrid rose (mixed perentage)  will not breed true.  Offsprings (from seeds) do not look like the parents ,, AND since many hybrid individuals were made ,, to select the best few ,, it is dubious that the seed stock is anywhere near the quality of this purpose-picked specimen.  Many , many roses bred do not make the nursery , being culled  at source.  \n\n(  2.)\nThe other  asexual practice is to graft a worthwhile hybrid on a stronger root stock ,, where its own is too weak.  \n\n**  Instead of "rotting" the fruit u can use battery water , 20 minutes (10% sufuric acid)  OR clorox diluted to 10% or 15% , 10 minutes.  BUT , this doesn't lift its dormancy.\n\n** Well instead of buying roses ,, you could take a florist rose   to a wild bush and make your own seeds.  (which will be unique ,, because hardly anyone does this.)  Get some help ,, because the pollen from the florist roses may be sterile.
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I think you mean hybridized, or crossed, this is the proper term when different animals are combined.  For instance a horse crossed with a donkey is a mule.\n\nCloning is when organisms share exactly the same genetic material.  Clones are a natural occurrence in the plant kingdom.
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To start with, You need more information as to the Parental genotype for each question, \nFor example in question (a) since you have only mentioned full dominance, we can either assume both parents will be A/A x A/A. However this cross is useless because you know there will not be variation in the F1 progeny because both are dominant. thus the ratio is 100% all dominant A/A.\nThe second assumption is to cross a dominant parent A/A with a recessive parent a/a. If that's the case then you choose one gamete from each parent to form the F1 as follow\n\nParental Genotype        A/A    x    a/a\nGametes                          A     x    a\n\nF1                                         A/a\n\nfrom here, if you need to get genotype and phenotype ratio for your F2, you need information as to what kind of cross you want do. You can self the F1 or you can testcross with a recessive parent. In either case the ratio is different\n\nSelf-cross                  A/a    x      A/a\nGametes              1/2 A , 1/2 a    x   1/2 A , 1/2 a\n\nF2  punnet square\n..............1/2  A..........1/2 a\n\n1/2 A......1/4 A/A........1/4 A/a\n\n1/2 a.......1/4 A/a........1/4 a/a\n\nPhenotypic ratio of F2:  1/4 A/A; 2/4 A/a; 1/4 a/a = 1:2:1\nGenotypic ratio of F2:  (1/4 A/A + 2/4 A/a); 1/4 a/a = 3:1\n\n\n\nTest-cross                  A/a    x      a/a\nGametes              1/2 A , 1/2 a    x   1/2 a , 1/2 a\n\nF2  punnet square\n..............1/2  A..........1/2 a\n\n1/2 a......1/4 A/a........1/4 a/a\n\n1/2 a.......1/4 A/a.......1/4 a/a\n\nPhenotypic ratio of F2:  1/2 A/a; 1/2 a/a = 1:1\nGenotypic ratio of F2: same as genotypic ratio\n\nquestion (a) is not formulated in a clear way. for example. question (a) should have mentioned something like this:\n\na) The F2 of monohybrid cross with both parents full dominance, or 1 parent full dominance, 1 parent recessive.\n\nIs hard to work in genetics problems when the problem lacks crucial information. let me know if there is more information that you did not write down on your question.
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this depends on the plant...different plants have VERY different requirements!
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Not sure what you are asking here.\nIf you want your ginkgos to reproduce, you're going to need a female tree... and if there aren't any male ginkgoes nearby, you'll need to plant one of those too (the male and female bits are separate -- they don't grow on the same tree!)\n\nAre you sure you want your ginkgoes to reproduce?  Ginkgo fruit is really messy -- it falls off the tree and goes splat, and rotten ginkgo fruit doesn't smell good!
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Resources on the species of marijuana\n\nHope this helps.
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This website has a nice step by step explanation of how to make dye using plants:\nhttp://www.pioneerthinking.com/naturaldyes.html\nThis site has a listing of common plants that can be used for dye and a more detailed explanation of how to make the dye.\nhttp://www.kidsgardening.com/growingideas/projects/may03/pg1.html\nHope this is helpful :-)