What are extra dimensional plains mathemetically in string theory?
370209
Okay I'm sure that there is more than a four dimensions out of this well known reality (real life).\n\nabout that string theory I have read a little from wikipedia and it says something, that maybe, the Universe was caused or founded pherhaps by a big Crunch.\n\nTo simplifies it for myself, I think that every Dimension is a continuing line. String is a very small thing that exist only in that dimension and not just one string but millions of it, but only that type or kind of string, for example a flashlight in a dark room you can see those particles of dust BUT refering the -strings- are actually those specific Lumens or Lux that are producing light and interacting in a very small subatomic scale, and refering -dimension- are that beam coming out from that flashlight all the way long to the wall.\n\nYou see only those lumens are interacting in the beam which is the well known Dimension, (we live in it) The Universe.\n\nBut there is fourth Dimensions apart that Can not even touch the beam of light wich represent the dimension or universe we are talking about, because the other Dimensions acording to this theory are beams (lines) but not of light for example another dimention could be as a water fall that comes out of spout (sink dishwasher). curiously that flow of wather is very similar to the beam of light.\n\nOkay I'm sure that this a very deep thing to think about it but friendly I advice you to not get more further because we are just humans and those are very Interesting themes or topics that we can not reach or complete understud \n\nI always have thought that the universe is spheric very similar like that crystal spheric snow ball present or souvenir they give you on birthdays maybe like a Marble.\n\nBut serious talking againg about Dimensions. you know, The Book talk about it, a dimension of living creatures and you know the other dimension of people that is not here anymore We can Not interact each other. \n\nLUX OR LUMENS (a Small Portion from Wiki)\nAchieving an illuminance of 500 lux might be possible in a home kitchen with a single fluorescent light fixture with an output of 12000 lumens. Lighting a larger area with the same number of lux requires a larger number of lumens.
1151026
According to classical physics 3: length, wideth and depth.\nModern physics add to that a fourth dimension - time.\nThose we now for certain exist. But there could be more (as much as 10 or 11 according to superstring theory).
274189
Well, it is too complicted to explain in simple words, Here is a simplified version of the String theory-\nhttp://www.superstringtheory.com/basics/basic4.html\n\nI think you should read the Wikipedia articles about the String theory. Here they are-\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-theory_(simplified)\n\nBut, if you want this topic to be explained thoroughly, see the "official website" on string theory-\n\nhttp://www.superstringtheory.com/basics/index.html
499903
it the way the math worked out, there are supposedely either 11 or 26 dimensions. this math is way beyond me, but the theory is still unproven so they may be any number.
500696
The latest developments are very technical and hard to translate into non-mathmatical terms that lend themselves to this format.  Check the physics journals for the latest (see the link below).\n\nIn general lay terms, some of these developments include time evolution, D-branes, a variety of developments on tachyons, guage fixing, and time lumps.
661830
A parallel universe is one of an infinite number of universes that is defined by the set of every decision ever made within it, which means everytime anything is presented with multiple courses of action, a new universe is created for every possibility. These universes will never intersect (thus, "parallel")\n\nEvery universe (in theory) has nine different dimensions (I believe there are four of space and five of time). Four of them (three of space, one of time) are tangible to us. The rest are seemingly intangible to us, but they still affect us. Kind of like how a harp string is realyy thin and hard to see, but you can hear its vibrations. I'm not really an expert on quantum string theory, though, so this is a really simple explanation (believe it or not). You may want to look more into that. \n\nOr, you might not care.
723768
according to string theory \nthere r 4 dimensions\n3-space,1-time \n[11 of course which can't be perceived normally]\nthe dimension of space - time is variable in string theory , in the sense that we have to solve the string equations to determine it\nit's too difficult because of the great complexity of the theory\nif the ans comes out to be 4 then we'd have revealed one of the most abiding and mysterious facts since the dawn of civilization
588286
i don't know... this is all theoretical, and i would guess that this either \na- does not and cannot happen, or\nb- happens all the time and is therefore not something to be concerned about\n\ndid you read The Elegant Universe by Brian Greene? or Fabric of the Cosmos? (same author) \nI suggest these for further understanding of the string theory.... without having to consider the complexities of the mathematics behind it.
983939
The problem with detecting the fifth dimension (or the sixth, seventh, and so on, it is believed there are 11) is that our bodies are built to measure only the three old-fashioned spatial dimensions, plus time as a fourth dimension.\n\nScientists have been hoping that at least one of the extra dimensions might be rolled up in such a way that its influence could be seen by measuring gravity's pull on a scale of, say, a millimeter or less. So far, no anomalies have been officially reported, although there have been occasional blips that are likely due to tiny experimental errors rather than the fifth dimension.
158992
sorry i must really correct the first answer before i continue;living in a 10 dimensional world is just a theory,known as string theory,and that is all it is,there is no proof\n\n(and the theory ACTULLY states that there are 11 dimensions)\n\na 2d object could not even physically exist because even if you had the smallest possible object that could exist indepdantly(an atom) it still has dimensions of length width and height,however small it may be it is not 2d\n\nIn writing the answer im kinda curious as to Could you theoretically stack and infinate number of 2d objects on top of each other and it still remain 2d?? anyone know?
117056
String theory is a model of fundamental physics whose building blocks are one-dimensional extended objects (strings) rather than the zero-dimensional points (particles) that are the basis of the Standard Model of particle physics. For this reason, string theories are able to avoid problems associated with the presence of pointlike particles in a physical theory. Studies of string theories have revealed that they require not just strings but also higher-dimensional objects.
1046244
In theoretical physics, a supergravity theory is a field theory combining supersymmetry and general relativity.\n\nOne of these supergravities, the 11-dimensional theory, generated considerable excitement as the first potential candidate for the theory of everything. This excitement was built on four pillars, two of which have now been largely discredited:\n\n    * Werner Nahm showed that 11 dimensions was the largest number of dimensions consistent with a single graviton, and that a theory with more dimensions would also have particles with spins greater than 2. These problems are avoided in 12 dimensions if two of these dimensions are timelike, as has been often emphasized by Itzhak Bars.\n\n    * Shortly afterwards, Ed Witten showed that 11 was the smallest number of dimensions that was big enough to contain the gauge groups of the Standard Model, namely SU(3) for the strong interactions and SU(2) times U(1) for the electroweak interactions. Today many techniques exist to embed the standard model gauge group in supergravity in any number of dimensions. For example, in the mid and late 1980s one often used the obligatory gauge symmetry in type I and heterotic string theories. In type II string theory they could also be obtained by compactifying on certain Calabi-Yau's. Today one may also use D-branes to engineer gauge symmetries.\n\n    * In 1978, Eugene Cremmer, Bernard Julia and Joel Scherk (CJS) of the Ecole Normale Superieure found the classical action for an 11-dimensional supergravity theory. This remains today the only known classical 11-dimensional theory with local supersymmetry and no fields of spin higher than two. Quantum-mechanically, inequivalent 11-dimensional theories are known which reduce to the CJS theory in the classical limit, that is when one imposes the classical equations of motion. For example, in the mid 1980s Bernard de Wit and Hermann Nicolai found an alternate theory in D=11 Supergravity with Local SU(8) Invariance. This theory, while not manifestly Lorentz-invariant, is in many ways superior to the CJS theory in that, for example, it dimensionally-reduces to the 4-dimensional theory without recourse to the classical equations of motion.\n\n    * In 1980, Peter G. O. Freund and M. A. Rubin showed that compactification from 11 dimensions preserving all the SUSY generators could occur in two ways, leaving only 4 or 7 macroscopic dimensions (the other 7 or 4 being compact). Unfortunately, the noncompact dimensions have to form an anti de Sitter space. Today it is understood that there are many possible compactifications, but that the Freund-Rubin compactifications are invariant under all of the supersymmetry transformations that preserve the action.\n\nThus, the first two results appeared to establish 11 dimensions uniquely, the third result appeared to specify the theory, and the last result explained why the observed universe appears to be four-dimensional.\n\nMany of the details of the theory were fleshed out by Peter van Nieuwenhuizen, Sergio Ferrara and Daniel Z. Freedman.
1101802
Refering to the four dimensions, I assume you mean three spatial dimensions, and one of time.  This is correct.\n\nString Theory, which is a possible candidate for the Ultimate Theory of the Universe, demands that there actually be ten spatical dimensions!  Four spatial dimensions is impossible for our brains to comprehend and picture let alone ten.  \n\nYou might be wondering why we aren't aware of the extra seven dimensions if they do exist.  The reason: they are curled.  Let me explain what that means.\n\nImagine looking at a clothesline.  From afar, it looks like the clothesline only has two dimenions: you can either go left or right.  Now when you move closer, you are able to see the third dimension of the line, which would allow say an ant to crawl around (up and down) as well as left and right.  You couldn't see that dimension from afar because it is curled up and very small.\n\nThis is the same principle with the other seven dimensions.  They are curled up, and can only be seen if we were able to probe to a small enough distance.  This distance is actually a millionth of a billionth of a billionth of a billionth of a centimeter!  That is way too small for us to be able to see today, and probably for quite some time.\n\nThere are some tricks though for getting a feel for 4 dimensions.  You consider an example that relates 2-D to 3-D, and then apply that to relating 3-D to 4-D.\n\nFor example: imagine a table top is a 2-D Universe, and on that Universe lives a being shaped like a square.  If you were above this 2-D plane and were to talk to the square, he would hear you, but not see you.  If you decided to show him a sphere, would have to pass the sphere through his 2-D Universe.  The only problem is, he wouldn't see the 3-D sphere.  He would see at first a point, followed by a succession of circles that kept growing until you reached the mid-point of the sphere, which would be the biggest circle.  Then as you continued to move the sphere through the plane, he would see a succession of circles that got smaller until he saw a point, and then nothing.  The point is, he would only see cross sections of the sphere, which are circles.  \n\nNow apply that to our Universe.  If a being were in the fourth dimension and tried to pass a hypersphere (a 4-D sphere) through our Universe, we would only be able to see cross sections of that hypersphere.  What would we see?  We would see a succession of 3-D spheres that kept growing, reached the largest size, and then shrunk back down to nothing!  So, the cross section of a 4-D sphere is a 3-D sphere.\n\nHere is another really cool example.  Going back to the square being, let's say he had a safe.  His safe would have four walls, in which one of the walls would act as a door.  It would basically be a hollow square.  Since there are four walls, a 2-D being in that Universe would have no chance at getting any money out of the safe without opening the door.  However, you being in the third dimension above the 2-D plane, could simply reach in and grab the money coming from the top. It would be a complete magic trick to the square.\n\nSimilarily, a 4-D being could reach in our 3-D safe reaching in from the fourth dimension, and take our money without opening the door!\n\nHope that helps.
172699
Before I start, I am a Biologist with an interest in theoretical physics, not actually a physicist, so my grasp of the finer detail may be shaky in places.  \nBasically string theory is an attempt to unify the elemental forces within the universe (Weak nuclear, Strong nuclear, Electromagnetic, and Gravity).  The theory postulates that various sub atomic particles are not particles but loops of vibrating energy so small that they have an almost “point” existence.  For string theory to work it is necessary to visual up to 26 separate dimensions (the 3 we know and love as well as other "compacted dimensions").  This may be the theory's downfall as it is next to impossiable to prove the existance of these extra dimensions and without them string theory just does not work!\nString theory has given rise to m-theory (which uses vibrating membranes (or 'branes if your a cool physicist) in place of strings), which may well prove to be a more accurate (if still incomplete) model for the way the universe works on both a sub atomic and an astrological level.
18752
it basically says that there are these giant cosmic strings that stretch an infinite distance and they are very dense (as in they're so thin that they are not visible, yet a millimeter would weigh tons and tons) and their huge mass warps space-time and they help to make up the universe as we know it. there are also small vibrating strings on the sub atomic level that make up the smallest divisions of matter. String theory also describes 11 dimentions.  If you're interested in it, read "the elegant universe" by Brian Greene, it explains it a lot better than i can here.
457925
Well there are 3 spatial dimensions and one temporal dimension, so there's 4 to begin with. On a macroscopic scale the universe behaves like a minkowski space. However on a microscopic scale even 4 dimensions isn't enough, the maths suggests possibly 11 or more dimensions.\n\nHowever I have a feeling you're not talking in the strictly mathematical sense. If you meant "are there other universes 'beyond' ours", then I have no idea. There are theories that suggest there are, but as far as I know there are no known observations that could answer that yet. We'll just have to wait and see what is discovered.
1009323
I figure that a theory that predicts 6-7 extra dimentions may be true, but it is really easy to explain things with 9-10 degrees of freedom..\n\nTHink about it, you have data... you try to make a linear fit, most often you don't get a good correlation... Now try a 4th power polynomial fit... you get something better... 11th power can describe any data, but it makes no really valid predictions. \n\nAs Einstein said, "Any fool can make things bigger and more complicated" (don't remember exact words so this is paraphrasing) "but to explain things in simple manner truly takes a genius"\n\nBut there are things about it that are likely true, for instance the "strings" themselves... Yes, everything is made of a fundamental unit of energy (double slit experiment demonstrated that matter is localized energy) \n\nLast point: to have a valid theory it should predict measurable results, string theory does not.\n\nSo no, I doubt its tue, but only time will tell.