Why the petroleum storage tanks are made of steel only? Can they be made of cement concrete as well?
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1.  Concrete is porous, they would need to be lined to prevent petroleum from absorbing into the concrete.  \n\n2.  Concrete also has a tendency to crack, so if the tank settles, it will start leaking once cracks develop. \n\n3.  Concrete is not a good conductor of electricity.  As such, it cannot dissipate static charges or lightning strikes that might ignite the petroleum.\n\n4.  A steel tank is less expensive to construct than a concrete tank.
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Because if it is made of plastic, Plastic is a product of petroleum.\n\nYou will probably be surprised to know that a plastic bottle is made from the same petrochemical as the fiber we call polyester!\n\nAll plastic products, many of the materials used to make the clothes you wear, or the carpet you walk on, plus hundreds of the other products we take for granted, are made from petrochemicals. As the name implies, a main ingredient in petrochemicals is oil. \n\nPlastic: Any of various complex organic compounds produced by polymerization, capable of being molded, extruded, cast into various shapes and films, or drawn into filaments used as textile fibers. \n-- Webster's Dictionary\n\nThat's an interesting definition, you may be thinking, but really -- how is plastic made? What's involved in the plastics manufacturing process? \nThe Basics of Plastic Manufacturing \n\nThe term "plastics" encompasses organic materials, such as the elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), chlorine (Cl) and sulfur (S), which have properties similar to those naturally grown in organic materials such as wood, horn and rosin. Organic materials are based on polymers, which are produced by the conversion of natural products or by syththesis from primary chemicals coming from oil, natural gas or coal. \n\nThe plastic manufacturing process begins by heating the hydrocarbons in a "cracking process." Here, in the presence of a catalyst, larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones such as ethylene (ethene) C2H4, propylene (propene) C3H6, and butene C4H8 and other hydrocarbons. The yield of ethylene is controlled by the cracking temperature and is more than 30% at 850°C and such products as styrene and vinylchloride can be produced in subsequent reactions. These are then the starting materials for several other types of plastics. Therefore, this process results in the conversion of the natural gas or crude oil components into monomers such as ethylene, propylene, butene and styrene. \n\nThese monomers are then chemically bonded into chains called polymers. Different combinations of monomers yield plastic resins with different properties and characteristics. Each monomer yields a plastic resin with different properties and characteristics. Combinations of monomers produce copolymers with further property variations. \n\nThe resulting resins may be molded or formed to produce several different kinds of plastic products with application in many major markets. The variability of resin permits a compound to be tailored to a specific design or performance requirement. This is why certain plastics are best suited for some applications while others are best suited for entirely different applications. For instance, impact strength measures the ability of a material to withstand shock loading. Heat resistance protects the resin from exposure to excessive temperatures. Chemical resistance protects the resin from breakdown due to exposure to environmental chemicals. \n\nSome examples of material properties in plastic product applications are: \n\nHot-filled packaging used for products such as ketchup \nChemical-resistant packaging used for products such as bleach \nImpact strength of car bumpers \n\nThe Structure of Polymers \n\nPolymers are created by the chemical bonding of many identical or related basic units and those produced from a single monomer type are called homopolymers. These polymers are specifically made of small units bonded into long chains. Carbon makes up the backbone of the molecule and hydrogen atoms are bonded along the carbon backbone. \n\nPolymers that contain primarily carbon and hydrogen are classified as organic polymers. Polypropylene, polybutylene, polystyrene and polymethylpentene are examples of these.\n\nEven though the basic makeup of many polymers is carbon and hydrogen, other elements can also be involved. Oxygen, chlorine, fluorine, nitrogen, silicon, phosphorous and sulfur are other elem
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Composition "C-4" is a Military-Grade explosive.\nIt explodes at a Factor of 1.34 (34% more violently than TNT)\n\nC-4 is made up of explosive, plastic binder (to retain its shape), plasticizer (for flexibility).\n\nAs with many plastic explosives, the explosive material in C-4 is RDX (cyclotrimethylene trinitramine) which makes up around 91% of the C-4 by weight. The plasticizer is di(2-ethylhexyl) or dioctyl sebacate (about 5%), and the binder is polyisobutylene (about 2%). A small amount of SAE10 motor oil (about 2%) is also added.\n\nC4 is widely reknown for its Malleability (It has the consistancy of slightly dried play-doh) and its Cutting/Sheering power (It explodes at an extremely fast pace, enabling it to sheer through solid steel like butter)\n\nC4 is also known for its stability over other explosives.\n\n-C4 can be lit on fire (and burns at an extremely hot rate) but will not explode.\n-C4 can be compressed and smashed without regard, as this will also not detonate the explosive.\n\nThe only way to detonate Composition C4 is through another explosion (such as a Blasting Cap) which triggers the C4 into a chain reaction.\n\n\nC4 was developed in the 1960's as a replacement for older, less-practical explosives used during WWII and the Korean War, and has proved its worth in nearly every major US conflict (Vietnam-Present.)
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The parts and fabrication of  both pressure vessels and heat exchangers depends on the medium being stored or cooled. It will also depend on the pressure handled by these components.\n Pressure vessels are not much more than a storage tank and can be fabricated by welding two halfs together with a coupling welded at one end or by welding end caps to a cylinder. They can then be anneald or cryogenicly treated depending on their intended use.Some vessels are expanded after welding in a bath of liquid nitrogen. They are first cooled and then subjected to high internal pressure.This process is to stress relieve an object which will be subjected to an extreem thermal envirorment. Once expanded the temperature is raised at a specific rate untill room temperature is acheaved. Stress relieving can also be done in an oven. In this case the object will be raised in temp, held for a specific time and then cooled at about one degree F untill back at room temperature.\n Some pressure vessels called Acumulators are used to maintain pressure rather than store excess fluid or gas. In this case a blader is built into the vessel and one side is charged to whatever you need. An example of this is the expansion tank in a hydronic heating system.\n  Heat exchangers can be for liquid or gas. In a liquid system either heated or cooled liquid is pumped through the shell while the fluid passes through tubes which are bathed by this liquid.Tubes are welded or brazed to plates which are in turn welde or brazed inside the shell end caps are bolted to the flanges of the shell with couplings for the pipeing. \nHeat exchangers can also be used to convey heat to a room such as a radiator or be air cooled as in an automobile radiator.\n Gas type heat exchangers are used in heating and convey hot flue gasses around which cooler air is passed. This type of design is welded or brazed from stamped sheet metal. I have also seen high volume hot air units in which the shell has an electric heater that the air is passed through. I've only worked with this type once and don't know much about it's manufacture.
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the hardware store- dont they sell it for concrete-?? or maybe not
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Looking around various sites on the web that service propane systems in Texas, it appears that underground tanks are quite LEGAL.  \n\nCorrosion needs to be taken into account or course, and you probably just can't bury the old above ground tank, but it looks like that deed restriction may still be enforceable.\n\nUnless there is a local ordinance that prohibits them, you may be forced to install an underground tank.  If there is an ordinance that prohibits underground tanks then the deed restriction would be unenforceable.\n\nIf it's deed restriction, someone would have to sue you to force the issue.
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Bulldozers, Cement Trucks, Cranes, Cement Rollers, Trucks, Plowers, etc.
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I worked in the natural gas industry for 35 years and I have never heard of a natural gas storage tower. Do you mean a liquefied petroleum gas storage tank? Or maybe a liquefied natural gas storage tank? Please provide more info.
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Large storage tanks are usually cylindrical and vertical for all three reasons you mention; economics, space and technical.\n\nUsing calculus (maxima and minima) it is possible to design a tank that contains the most volume for the least tank metal.  This also applies to canned foods.  Also, cylinders are very strong and can not bulge compared to the flat sides of a box-shaped tank.  Also, the pressure in the tank is greatest at the bottom of the tank and the cylindrical plates there can be thicker and stronger than at the top saving metal and tank weight.  Of course, the bottom plate of the tank could bulge except it rests on a concrete floor.\n\nAlthough a cylindrical tank has a smaller "foot print" than a square tank, it can rise to almost any height required to provide the needed volume, taking good advantage of the 3D space available.\n\nOn the technical side, a cylindrical tank is stronger when empty than a box-shaped tank and easier to transport to the needed location without damage.  It is easier to design good welds for a tank that will not constantly flex in operation as the tank is filled and drained and cylindrical tanks flex less than box-shaped tanks.  For onsite construction, it is probably easier to weld curved metal plates into cylinders than to make a huge flat plate from a patchworks of smaller plates.  Cylendrical tanks are less likely to buckle than box-shaped tanks due to ground tremmors.
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The below site has the information\n\nPalm-Kernel Shell Concrete For Structural Use – A Preliminary Investigation \n\nhttp://www.ajol.info/viewarticle.php?id=21174
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Steel is an alloy of carbon and iron.  If you want stainless steel, throw in some Chromium, too.
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My dad in Australia has converted his car to run on Liquid Petroleum Gas. It has halved his costs every time he fills his tank. See the link below for more info.
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GRP is centrifugally cast reinforced plastic pipe composed of polyester resin, chopped glass filaments and quartz sand.\nThey r used in\nbulk water supply\nhydro power plants\nbore casing\nslip lining\nsubmarine pipelines.\n\nDi pipes are thin compared 2 ci pipes and hence lose its strenght due to corrosion and is not widely used.
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It is possible to achieve small storey heights with either material to fit in as many floors as a designer wishes to a given height. Skyscrapers are built from steel as the dead weight of the concrete becomes too much over a certain height, rather than because smaller storey heights can be achieved. Thinner floors are possible with steel but floor thicknesses are governed more by services and ceiling finishes so this is irrelevant also.
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I am not sure if you want to find a more sophisticated method of MIXING it or if you are looking for the forumla to MAKE concrete but if you wanted to make your own concrete it consists of equal volume amounts of cement, sand, and gravel. Cement itself is made up of limestone, gypsum, and clay. And if you wanted a more sophisticated method of mixing it, get a 5 gallon plastic paint bucket with a lid. Pour the dry concrete and water into the bucket and then close up tightly and start rolling the bucket.\nRoll it for about 20 minutes and you will have nicely mixed concrete.
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Oil, coal, and natural gas are all mixtures of various hydrocarbons.  All hydrocarbon molecules contain hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen.  However a pure metal contains none of these, and hence metal may not be made into any hydrocarbon, i.e. cannot be made into oil, coal, or gas.\n  This is more complicated in nature since metals typically do not occur in a pure form, but in various ores.  Ores must be refined to obtain pure metals (gold, silver, copper, iron, zinc, etc.)  Some of these ores may also contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and in some rare instances refiniing of an ore to produce a particular pure metal may give off a particular hydrocarbon as a by-product.
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No, because it can be produced without petroleum as it was for thousands of years before we invented the combustion engine. People will always try to survive, they wont just lay down and die because they cant but some diesel in the tractor.