difference between chromonema,chromatin &chromonemata?
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Chromatin\nnoun\n\nsubstance forming chromosomes: the substance that forms chromosomes and contains DNA, RNA, and various proteins \n\nMicrosoft® Encarta® Reference Library 2004. © 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.\n\nChromonema\n(plural Chromonemata)\nnoun\n\nchromatid core: the coiled central filament that forms the core of a chromosome strand (chromatid)\n\nMicrosoft® Encarta® Reference Library 2004. © 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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I don't have any picutres for you to look at, but I can give you an explanation.\nanimal cells are going to be more rounded, and plant cells are more rectangular.\nRemember: PMAT, these are the phases of mitosis\nProphase-the chromatin begins to condense into chromosomes and the nucleus begins to break down.\nMetaphase-The Chromosomes line up or Meet or "MET" at the cellular equator\nAnaphase- The chromosomes are pulled apart at the centromere\nTelophase- The chromatin decondenses and the neclues reforms\nAlso, the diff. between animal and plant cells....\nAnimal cells have a cleavage furrowl like a figure-8.\nPlant cells build a cell plate in between the separated chromosomes\nMitosis results in two daughter chromosomes.
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Before a cell divides (that is, undergoes mitosis or meiosis), the DNA strands in the cell nucleus replicate, so that each chromatin strand is double. Chromatin condenses before cell division and becomes visible as chromosomes; each chromosome has "twin" strands that appear as arms, these identical copies of the DNA molecule are the chromatids, united to each other at the centromere. \nDuring cell division, they will become separated (due to centromere duplication) and each sister chromatid will go to one of the descendant cells, so that the same genetic information from each chromosome is passed on to the descendant cells.
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Maybe you could try to be abit more specific, but genes are information MADE of DNA, so "where" is an odd question to ask... \nMaybe you are referring to the difference between euchromatin (hypomethylated and decondensed) and heterochromatin (highly methylated and condensed) ...? If that´s the case, genes are definitely in euchromatin. That´s why heterochromatin is called "silent" DNA.
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the neucleus of every cell contains chromatophores containing the DNA strands, these change into chromatin fibres. Every cell of a human contains 46 pairs of these.
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The beginning of somatic cell division or mitosis is called prophase. In early prophase, the centrosomes move toward opposite poles of the cell, organizing the spindle microtubules between them. The sister chromatids become visible in the nucleus as they condense.In late prophase, the nuclear membrane breaks down and some of the spindle microtubules attach to the sister chromatids. The microtubules pull the chromatid pairs to the midline of the cell, or metaphase plate.The chromatids remain lined up between the poles of the cell during metaphase.Anaphase begins when the pairs of sister chromatids separate. The separated chromatids are now called chromosomes, and move toward the poles of the cell.The chromosomes arrive at the poles in telophase, and new nuclear membranes form around them.Division of the cytoplasmic components is called cytokinesis.In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs when a ring of actin and myosin filaments constricts the plasma membrane at the equator. Eventually, the parent cell is divided into two cells.Meiosis I-Prophase I-In the leptotene stage, the cell's genetic material, which is normally in a loosely arranged pile known as chromatin, condenses into visible threadlike structures. Along the thread, centromeres are visible as small beads of tightly coiled chromatin. Recall that centromeres are connection sites between sister chromatids, which are not yet distinguishable. As the chromatin becomes progressively ordered and visible, homologous chromosomes find each other and bind together. In this process, called synapsis, a protein structure called the synaptonemal complex attaches the homologous chromosomes tightly together all along their lengths.The zygotene stage sees the completion of synapsis. The paired homologous chromosomes are said to be bivalent. They may also be referred to as a tetrad, a reference to the four sister chromatids. During this stage, one percent of DNA that wasn't replicated during S phase is replicated. The significance of this cleanup act is unclear.The pachytene stage heralds crossing over. Nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange segments of genetic information. Because the chromosomes cannot be distinguished in the synaptonemal complex, the actual act of crossing over is not perceivable through the microscope.During the diplotene stage, the synaptonemal complex degrades. Homologous chromosomes fall apart and begin to repel each other. The chromosomes themselves uncoil a bit, allowing some transcription of DNA. They are held together by virtue of recombination nodules, betraying the sites of previous crossing over, the chiasmata.Chromosomes recondense during the diakinesis stage. Sites of crossing over entangle together, effectively overlapping, making chiasmata clearly visible. In general, every chromosome will have crossed over at least once. The nucleoli disappears and the nuclear membrane disintegrates into vesicles.During these stages, centrioles are migrating to the two poles of the cell. These centrioles, which were duplicated during interphase, function as microtubule coordinating centers. Centrioles sprout microtubules, essentially cellular ropes and poles, during crossing over. They invade the nuclear membrane after it disintegrates, attaching to the chromosomes at the kinetochore. The kinetochore functions as a motor, pulling the chromosome along the attached microtubule toward the originating centriole, like a train on a track. There are two kinetochores on each tetrad, one for each centrosome. Prophase I is the longest phase in meiosis.Microtubules that attach to the kinetochores are known as kinetochore microtubules. Other microtubules will interact with microtubules from the opposite centriole. These are called nonkinetochore microtubules.Metaphase I-As kinetochore microtubules from both centrioles attach to their respective kinetochores, the homologous chromosomes align equidistant above and below an imaginary equatorial plane, due to cont
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Well from Prophase to Telophase the chromosomes are intact, so for most of the M-Phase the chromsomes are visible (except for cytokinesis). Other than the M-Phase the DNA is in chromatin form which is localized in the nucleus making it impossible to visualize the DNA on such items as a karyotype.
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Sounds like 1st yr HS biology homework.  Here´s a hint:\nBoth have a nucleus, DNA material, function similarly.\n\nThe rest should be in your text book, just look at the two diagrams and list the similar inner parts of the cells.\n\nOne more hint:\nHow they differ-\nPlant cells have rectangular shapes and have chloroplasts w/ chlorophyl.\n\nAnimal cells are round.
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Prokaryotic- does not have a nucleus or organelles other than ribosome. An example of this would be bacteria\n\nEukaruotic- has a nucleus and organelles.  An example would be plants and animals
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CHECK THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES OF HUMAN, IT IS FIXED AT 48, BUT HUMAN WITH MORE OR LESS NUMBER OF CHROMSOMES TEND TO DEVELOPED OTHER PHYSICAL FEATURES THAT IS CONSIDERED ABNORMAL.OTHER ANIMALS HAVE THEIR NORMAL NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES THAT INFLUENCED THEIR PHYSICAL FEATURES INCLUDING THE NUMBER OF FINGERS.
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cromosomes are the hereditary stuffs n d cell.they r segments of dna. mitosis is equational division taking place in somatic or germ celll ( i.e not reproductive)\n\nso d hereditary matter or d gene in alll cells of an organism remains same. so for mitosis chromosomes are very important.\nin dis process,,,, chromosomes replicate and divide themslves resulting in karyokinesis(splittng of nucleus ) followed by cariocynesis ( sdividing of d cells_\n\n\n\nCHROMOSOMES carry most of the genetic material and therefore they:\n\ncarry inherited traits \ncarry the organisation of the cell life \nheredity: each pair of homologues consists of one paternal and one maternal chromosome --> diploidy (2 lots). The intact set is passed to each daughter cell at every mitosis. \ncell life: will be perturbed if regular segregation fails \n\nduring embryogenesis (constitutional anomalies). \nin a cancer (acquired anomalies).
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So in short, sister chromatid are duplicates of the homologous pairs. I hope this helped If so 333 (I) would like the 10 points. :)\n\nThe normal chromosome number in human cells is 46. This number is called a diploid or a 2n number of chromosomes. The chromosomes consist of 23 pairs. Each pair of chromosomes is called a homologous pair. One chromosome of each homologous pair is from the male parent, and the other is from the female parent. The chromosomes of each homologous pair look alike, and they contain genes for the same traits. \n\nSister chromatids are two identical copies of a single chromosome that are connected by a centromere. \n\nFirst, consider mitosis (typical cell division) in a normal diploid cell, with two copies of each chromosome. The chromosomes are duplicated during DNA replication, and the duplicates, called sister chromatids, remain attached to one another until chromosome segregation. Each daughter cell then receives one of the sisters from each homologue pair. Importantly, this means that the daughter cells are exact copies of the mother cell, with two copies of each chromosome, so they can go through the same process again. Thus, we call this process the cell cycle.
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Chromosomes are strands of DNA. Genes are sections of DNA. So a chromosome is made up of DNA and has many genes on it. Genetic means "of or relating to genes". So, yes, eye color and hair color is genetic, and the genes that determine these traits are in chromosomes. You should read about genetics in a biology textbook or online. Here's a website that talks about genetics in a simple, easy to understand way:\nhttp://www.purchon.com/biology/genetics.htm\n\nI have hair that's light brown and I have blue eyes, so I'd be B.
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Chromosomes are tightly packaged bundles of chromatin.  Both are composed of DNA and carry genetic information.  Chromatin condenses to chromosomes when the cell is about to divide.
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Nucleosome\n\n\nA nucleosome is the fundamental repeating subunit of eukaryotic DNA, and is made up of DNA and histone proteins. It is found in the cell nucleus in eukaryotes. All chromatin (except for that packaged in the sperm nucleus) consists of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes can be seen with an electron microscope as bead-like structures along the DNA.\n\n[edit]\nStructure\n \nThe crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 Å resolution.The histones make up the central core particle of the nucleosome. The DNA is wrapped around this protein complex in 1.6 turns, comprising about 145 base pairs. Together with the DNA linking two nucleosomes, there are about 200 bps of DNA per nucleosome.\n\nNucleosomes are involved in processes ranging from compaction of DNA to transcriptional control, and appear to be major carriers of epigenetically inherited information as well. Repeating nucleosomes with intervening "linker" DNA form the 10-nm-fiber, known descriptively as "beads on a string", and have a packing ratio of ~6, compared to "free" DNA (per nm length). A chain of nucleosomes can be arranged in a 30-nm-fiber, a compacted structure (thought to be a helical solenoid, a zigzag ribbon structure, a superbead, or having no regular structure) with a packing ratio of ~40. The H1 histone stabilizes this structure. Beyond 30 nm fiber the structure of chromatin is poorly understood, but it is classically suggested that the 30 nm fiber is arranged into loops along a central protein scaffold to form transcriptionally active euchromatin. Further compaction leads to transcriptionally inactive heterochromatin.
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Meiosis:  \nprocess of cell division which occurs in the maturation of sex cells (Biology).\n\nMitosis:\nprocess of cell division resulting in two daughter cells which are identical to the original nucleus (Biology).
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this is all i could find\n\nThe regions of DNA packaged in facultative heterochromatin will not be consistent within the cells of a species, and thus a sequence in one cell that is packaged in facultative heterochromatin (and the genes within poorly expressed) may be packaged in euchromatin in another cell (and the genes within no longer silenced). However, the formation of facultative heterochromatin is regulated, and is often associated with morphogenesis or differentiation. An example of facultative heterochromatin is X-chromosome inactivation in female mammals: one X chromosome is packaged in facultative heterochromatin and silenced, while the other X chromosome in packaged in euchromatin and expressed.