what is the difference between mummification and freezing?
358641
I agree w/ eggman.\n\nMummification has to do w/ drying out as a means of preservation. But it doesn't always have to be dried out. Sometimes it is done as a form of burial which is a good method of isolation from the reaches of bacteria when done in the right setting. The bog bodies of Great Britain & other parts of Europe are a great example.\n\nThe 'bog bodies' are awesome specimens of mummification. If you haven't seen them then you should Google it. Their bodies were preserved well, some with the hair & wardrobe still intact. That is pretty neat considering some, but not all, of these bodies are from the Bronze Age.\n\nI love to PowerPoint pictures of them & show my students. The gross factor is wonderful!\n\nFreezing as a form of preservation can be both good & bad. Think of it as putting a steak in a freezer bag, putting it in the freezer, & leaving it for 20 years. It still may resemble the steak but won't taste all that good nor look that good. So it preserves pretty well as a whole but, like eggman said, not at the cellular level.\n\nFunny story about Wooly Mammoths being preserved though freezing...There is more than one version of the story but I like this one better it makes more sense...Also, this may just be one of those geologist myths...(as told by my prof & read in magazines)\n\nWhen the first mammoth was discovered, scientists had a "cookout" w/ the meat that was around 10,000 years old.\n\nOn a dare to each other they decided to cook & eat the meat. Problem is w/ 10,000 year old mammoth meat you don't know how many times the freezer "went down", if you know what I mean!\n\nWell supposedly the meat partially rotted either before it completely froze or sometime later during a thaw. It had started to decomp. It made them sick.\n\nMoral of the story...don't eat meat that is older than you or that you weren't old enough to remember seeing put into the freezer.\n\nI love to gross my students out w/ that story when I am passing my sample of mammoth hair around the room.\n\n:)
909385
if both are frozen, none is colder than the other\n\nbut of course if you open the bags and leave the peas out, the small peas will heat up faster because of the higher surface area.
879719
They are actually not similar.\n\nWater, unlike most substances, becomes less dense when it freezes. This is why ice floats and (in a way) one of the properties of water that allows life as we know it to exist.\n\nEvaporation of sea water leaves behind solutes (salt, minerals, etc) that become more concentrated over time, increasing overall density of the water left behind (if it's not replenished with fresh water). This is why you see people float so easily on dead-sea type bodies of water (the Aral Sea, Great Salt Lake, the Dead Sea).
664580
snow is formed by God while ice is formed by us surely there has to be a difference
487768
Our chemsitry teacher would use liquid oxygen to freeze the gum. When it's frozen it becomes brittle and just snaps off in pieces. You can get the same effect by using an ordinary household freezer.
201945
Embalming affects the process, slowing it somewhat, but does not forestall it indefinitely. Embalmers typically pay the greatest attention to the parts of the body seen by mourners, such as the face and hands. The chemicals that are used in embalming will repel most insects, and slow the process of bacterial putrefaction (the embalming fluid acts to "fix" cellular proteins which means that they cannot act as a nutrient source for bacteria and it also kills the bacteria themselves), but will not preserve a corpse indefinitely. In sufficiently dry environments, an embalmed body may end up mummified and it is not uncommon for bodies in dry vaults to remain preserved to a viewable extent after decades, such as the murdered civil rights activist Medgar Evers. Another case of this would be the body of Lenin, who was kept submerged in a special tank of fluid for decades, almost perfectly preserved[citation needed]. Bodies submerged in peat bogs may become naturally "embalmed", arresting decomposition and resulting in a preserved specimen known as a bog body.\n\nThe time for the reduction of an embalmed body to be reduced to a skeleton varies greatly. It is important to note that when a body is decomposed before preparation embalming treatment can still be achieved (the arterial system is slow to decay) although it will not restore a natural appearance without extensive cosmetic and reconstruction work and is largely used to control the foul odours associated with decomposition.
719243
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mummies\n\nTry this article.  I noticed you have a lot of questions about mummies... this one is pretty informative.\n\ngood luck!
89574
The chemical reaction from adding\nsalt lowers the temperature in which water freezes.\n\nThat is why they throw in onto the roads in areas of winter freezing.
844878
Gases are more soluble in cold water than hot.  So if you take cold water from the faucet and freeze it, the ice will usually be cloudy.  If you heat it up first--or better yet, boil it--then freeze it quickly, without letting it sit around and absorb more gas,  the ice will be clear.
8528
All freezing (or rather: crystallisation) occurs on surfaces or crystal seeds. Water freezes "from the bottom" because liquid water closer to freezing has a greater density than solid water (aka ice), so the frozen crystals float up. In cases where the solid has  a greater density than the liquid (probably the majority of cases), the solid will sink down.
528335
A liquid is not frozen, it is liquid. Liquid nitrogen is liquid, you can pour it. Freezing Point @ 1 atm: -346.0°F (-210.0°C, 63oK) puts it in a solid state.
335193
No. It is an individuals choice whether to be embalmed or not. This is at least the case in Australia. You will also find with the Semitic religions there is no embalming as they have their burials the next day. Embalming has less to do with decay as it does with aesthetic presentation of the body to the family. Temperature is more relevant to the initial decaying process of the body. However over time embalming is important if the body is to remain unburied or uncremated for an extended period.
335460
. Yes -- here is a general explanation for all you non-belivers.\n\nHot water can in fact freeze faster than cold water for a wide range of experimental conditions.  This phenomenon is extremely counter- intuitive, and surprising even to most scientists, but it is in fact real.  It has been seen and studied in numerous experiments.  While this phenomenon has been known for centuries, and was described by Aristotle, Bacon, and Descartes [1-3], it was not introduced to the modern scientific community until 1969, by a Tanzanian high school student named Mpemba.  Both the early scientific history of this effect, and the story of Mpemba's rediscovery of it, are interesting in their own right -- Mpemba's story in particular provides a dramatic parable against making snap judgements about what is impossible.  This is described separately below.\n\nThe phenomenon that hot water may freeze faster than cold is often called the Mpemba effect.  Because, no doubt, most readers are extremely skeptical at this point, we should begin by stating precisely what we mean by the Mpemba effect.  We start with two containers of water, which are identical in shape, and which hold identical amounts of water.  The only difference between the two is that the water in one is at a higher (uniform) temperature than the water in the other.  Now we cool both containers, using the exact same cooling process for each container.  Under some conditions the initially warmer water will freeze first.  If this occurs, we have seen the Mpemba effect.  Of course, the initially warmer water will not freeze before the initially cooler water for all initial conditions.  If the hot water starts at 99.9° C, and the cold water at 0.01° C, then clearly under those circumstances, the initially cooler water will freeze first.  However, under some conditions the initially warmer water will freeze first -- if that happens, you have seen the Mpemba effect.  But you will not see the Mpemba effect for just any initial temperatures, container shapes, or cooling conditions.\n\nThis seems impossible, right? Many sharp readers may have already come up with a common proof that the Mpemba effect is impossible.  The proof usually goes something like this.  Say that the initially cooler water starts at 30° C and takes 10 minutes to freeze, while the initially warmer water starts out at 70° C.  Now the initially warmer water has to spend some time cooling to get to get down to 30° C, and after that, it's going to take 10 more minutes to freeze.  So since the initially warmer water has to do everything that the initially cooler water has to do, plus a little more, it will take at least a little longer, right? What can be wrong with this proof?\n\nWhat's wrong with this proof is that it implicitly assumes that the water is characterized solely by a single number -- the average temperature.  But if other factors besides the average temperature are important, then when the initially warmer water has cooled to an average temperature of 30° C, it may look very different than the initially cooler water (at a uniform 30° C) did at the start.  Why? Because the water may have changed when it cooled down from a uniform 70° C to an average 30° C.  It could have less mass, less dissolved gas, or convection currents producing a non-uniform temperature distribution.  Or it could have changed the environment around the container in the refrigerator.  All four of these changes are conceivably important, and each will be considered separately below.  So the impossibility proof given above doesn't work.  And in fact the Mpemba effect has been observed in a number of controlled experiments [5,7-14]\n\nIt is still not known exactly why this happens.  A number of possible explanations for the effect have been proposed, but so far the experiments do not show clearly which, if any, of the proposed mechanisms is the most important one.  While you will often hear confident claims that X
85880
******************\nDONT TRY THIS AT HOME :D\n******************\nAn important man has died and his body needs to be prepared for burial. The process of mummification has two stages. First, the embalming of the body. Then, the wrapping and burial of the body. \n\nFirst, his body is taken to the tent known as 'ibu' or the 'place of purification'. There the embalmers wash his body with good-smelling palm wine and rinse it with water from the Nile.\n\nOne of the embalmer's men makes a cut in the left side of the body and removes many of the internal organs. It is important to remove these because they are the first part of the body to decompose.\n\nThe liver, lungs, stomach and intestines are washed and packed in natron which will dry them out. The heart is not taken out of the body because it is the centre of intelligence and feeling and the man will need it in the afterlife.\n\nA long hook is used to smash the brain and pull it out through the nose.\n\nThe body is now covered and stuffed with natron which will dry it out. All of the fluids, and rags from the embalming process will be saved and buried along with the body.\n\nAfter forty days the body is washed again with water from the Nile. Then it is covered with oils to help the skin stay elastic.\n\nThe dehydrated internal organs are wrapped in linen and returned to the body. The body is stuffed with dry materials such as sawdust, leaves and linen so that it looks lifelike. \n\nFinally the body is covered again with good-smelling oils. It is now ready to be wrapped in linen.\n\nn the past, when the internal organs were removed from a body they were placed in hollow canopic jars.\n\nOver many years the embalming practices changed and embalmers began returning internal organs to bodies after the organs had been dried in natron. However, solid wood or stone canopic jars were still buried with the mummy to symbolically protect the internal organs. \n\nImsety the human-headed god looks after the liver. Hapy the baboon-headed god looks after the lungs. Duamutef the jackal-headed god looks after the stomach. Qebehsenuef the falcon-headed god looks after the intestines.\n\nThe body has been cleaned, dried and rubbed with good-smelling oils. Now it is ready to be wrapped in linen.\n\n***************\nWrapping the mummy\n***************\n\nFirst the head and neck are wrapped with strips of fine linen. Then the fingers and the toes are individually wrapped. \n\nThe arms and legs are wrapped separately. Between the layers of wrapping, the embalmers place amulets to protect the body in its journey through the underworld.\n\nA priest reads spells out loud while the mummy is being wrapped. These spells will help ward off evil spirits and help the deceased make the journey to the afterlife. \n\nThe arms and legs are tied together. A papyrus scroll with spells from the Book of the Dead is placed between the wrapped hands.\n\nMore linen strips are wrapped around the body. At every layer, the bandages are painted with liquid resin that helps to glue the bandages together. \n\nA cloth is wrapped around the body and a picture of the god Osiris is painted on its surface. \n\nFinally, a large cloth is wrapped around the entire mummy. It is attached with strips of linen that run from the top to the bottom of the mummy, and around its middle.\n\nA board of painted wood is placed on top of the mummy before the mummy is lowered into its coffin. The first coffin is then put inside a second coffin. \n\nThe funeral is held for the deceased and his family mourns his death. \n\nA ritual called the 'Opening of the Mouth' is performed, allowing the deceased to eat and drink again.\n\nFinally, the body and its coffins are placed inside a large stone sarcophagus in the tomb. Furniture, clothing, valuable objects, food and drink are arranged in the tomb for the deceased.\n\nNow his body is ready for its journey through the underworld. There his heart will be judged by his good deeds
242545
Freeze.  They can bring you back when they find a cure :)
785888
It all depends on the exact composition of air. Air is a mixture of gasses, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon monoxide and small amounts of various other gasses. Freezing occurs when the gaseous mixture turns from a liquid and then into a solid. Although it may theoretically be possible to solidify Air, it has not actually been reached.
335514
The eyeball can freeze, but the aqueous humor (liquid inside the eye) has a lower freezing point that water. The eye is embedded in the skull, which the body keeps warm even if the rest of the body freezes. At some point, of course, the heart stops and everything freezes if left in the cold long enough.