what is the link betwwn selenium and cytochrome p450 enzymes? how does selenium deficieny affect CYP450 levels
356974
Selenium induces CYP450s, but deficiency does not seem to reduce CYP450 levels below those seen at normal selenium intake.
591215
First off, vitamins D, E, A, K are fat soluble whereas the B vitamins and vitamin C are water soluble. This distiction is important because fat soluble vitamins can potentially accumulate in the body and cause toxicity, whereas water soluble vitamins are eliminated in the urine relatively quickly (this is a reason why taking mega doses of B vitamins or vitamin C is really a waste of your money. You just eliminate whatever is not used up quickly in the urine).\n\nAs far as vitamin E specifically, some studies show that vitamin E can cause blood thinning, and this may be a problem if you are already taking a blood thinner. In addition, mega doses of vitamin E (over 600IU) have been linked to premature deaths. (This does not mean that vitamin E causes deaths. More studies need to be done).  \n\n19mg (28.5 IU) is the recommended dosage of vitamin E for women who are breastfeeding.\n\nI don't think you should take doses higher than the recommended dosage. Firstly, people rarely suffer from vitamin E deficiency, and although vitamin E may have antioxidant properties that might be helpful for cardiovascular conditions, it does have the potential for toxicity.
189218
Some supplements will have an effect on other supplements if taken at the same time. For example, taking calcium and magnesium together will cause you to absorb and use a little less of each mineral than if you take them at different times of the day. \n\nIron and vitamin E should not be taken at the same time, especially if you are taking iron for anemia.\n\nSome of the B complex vitamins will affect how your body takes in some of the others, so if you are taking larger amounts of one single B vitamin, take an extra B complex with it.
167589
metabolism that requires the presence of oxygen
1116743
use NONE\nuthese may affect your liver and causes it failure, or even affect your hormones and sexulity\ndepend on regular excercise to make muscles not supplements
209054
Effect of enzyme on reaction
949412
Yes, try to this!\n\nhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=3906008
407263
Viagra increases the effect of a molecule called Nitric Oxide (NO).  NO causes 'vasodilation' of the arteries - a process necessary for an erection.\n\nSeveral dietary nutrients are needed for proper production of NO.  These include the amino acid NO is made from: Arginine.  Other nutrients that are needed for the synthesis of NO include: Vitamin C, Folic acid (a B vitamin), and possibly Zinc.  Low levels of any of these nutrients (which is common) can lead to poor production of NO and therefore, erectile dysfunction.\n\nAdditional nutrients that tend to be deficient in modern diets that play important roles in vascular function include: Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B3, Vitamin E, Vitamin D and others.\n\nBased on this information, this is what I would suggest you try.  (note: it may take several months or more to improve your body's reserves of these nutrients, so the suggestions I am making will take time and are not the 'same' as taking a drug to temporarily compensate for these problems).\n\n1) 3-6 grams of L-Arginine supplements per day\n2) A good quality multi-vitamin/mineral supplement \n3) Extra Vitamin E (all-natural with mixed tocopherols and mixed tocotrienols\n4) Extra Vitamin C (at least 1500 milligrams/day)\n5) Extra Magnesium (at least 400 mg/day)  - a good quality supplement - such as: Mg Citrate, Mg Gluconate, or Mg Glycinate\n6) Extra Potassium - as Potassium Citrate (400-1000 mg/day)\n\nIt might also be a good idea to supplement with a quality Fish Oil/Cod liver oil.\n\nPlease note:  Erectile Dysfunction can be a sign of some very serious diseases: Diabetes, Atherosclerosis and neurologic conditions.  Please be sure (you will need a doctor's evaluation) you do not have these conditions!\n\nBest wishes and good luck.
556392
what about the forest conservation?\nproducts of? what livers there? give us a hint
563183
pharmacologically, a metabolically activated drug is one that has no physiological effect until it's passed through the liver and been metabolized. whichever enzymes metabolize that particular compound modify it to make it active.\n\nit takes careful planning by drug developers to make sure the drug is actually activated after this process, but it's one heck of a clever trick.
1089381
While changes in diet are no substitute for medical treatment, they can complement the detoxification process. The following nutritional changes are recommended:\n• Increased consumption of fresh vegetables, fruits, beans, nuts, whole grains, and seeds.\n• Increased consumption of soluble fibers, such as pears, apples, oatmeal, oat bran, rye flour, dried beans, guar gum, pectin, and psyllium.\n• Increased consumption of sulfur-containing foods, such as eggs, garlic, and onions. Garlic has been used to reduce lead poisoning in animals.\n• Taking high-potency multivitamin/mineral supplements\n(1 tablet a day).\n• Taking additional supplements of vitamin C, B-complex vitamins, iron, calcium, zinc, L-lysine, L-cysteine, and L-cysteine supplements. These vitamins, minerals, and amino acids help reduce the amount of lead that the body absorbs. Iron is especially important, since people who are deficient in this nutrient absorb more lead. Thiamine, a B-complex vitamin, has been used to treat lead poisoning in animals.\n• A 2002 report stated that eating tofu may lower lead levels in the blood since it is rich in calcium.\n• Using a filter to prevent lead contamination in the water. Drinking lots of water (at least eight glasses per day) to help the body excrete the toxin.\n• Committing to a three-day fasting at the end of every season. Fasting is the oldest method of detoxification. During fasting, patients should take supplements and drink four glasses of juice a day to assist the cleansing process and to prevent exhaustion.
310561
Reye's Syndrome, as the previous answers stated, it is effects the liver ..........
931071
umm what reaction??  this sounds suspiciously like something having to do with catalase producing hydrogen peroxide (an AP Bio lab), in which case the liver would have a higher reaction rate because there is more of the substrate than there is in the potato.... and i'm blanking on the rest, sorry.
708100
Substrate Concentration: If all other conditions are held constant, the rate of the reaction should increase with increasing concentrations of substrate. At very low values of substrate the reaction rate will increase very rapidly. At higher substrate concentrations the rate begins to level off. Eventually the maximum rate for that reaction will be achieved and further increases in substrate concentration will have no effect\n\n\nHope this helps :)
675098
An enzyme is a protein that catalyzes, or speeds up, a chemical reaction. The word comes from the Greek ένζυμο, énsymo, which comes from én ("at" or "in") and simo ("leaven" or "yeast"). Certain RNAs also have catalytic activity, but to differentiate them from protein enzymes, they are referred to as RNA enzymes or ribozymes.\n\nEnzymes are essential to sustain life because most chemical reactions in biological cells would occur too slowly, or would lead to different products without enzymes. A malfunction (mutation, overproduction, underproduction or deletion) of a single critical enzyme can lead to a severe disease. For example, the most common type of phenylketonuria is caused by a single amino acid mutation in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, which catalyzes the first step in the degradation of phenylalanine. The resulting build-up of phenylalanine and related products can lead to mental retardation if the disease is untreated.\n\nLike all catalysts, enzymes work by providing an alternate pathway of lower activation energy of a reaction, thus allowing the reaction to proceed much faster. Enzymes may speed up reactions by a factor of many millions. An enzyme, like any catalyst, remains unaltered by the completed reaction and can therefore continue to function. Because enzymes do not affect the relative energy between the products and reagents, they do not affect equilibrium of a reaction. However, the advantage of enzymes compared to most other catalysts is their sterio-, regio- and chemoselectivity and specificity.\n\nEnzyme activity can be affected by other molecules. Inhibitors are naturally occurring or synthetic molecules that decrease or abolish enzyme activity; activators are molecules that increase activity. Some irreversible inhibitors bind enzymes very tightly, effectively inactivating them. Many drugs and poisons act by inhibiting enzymes. Aspirin inhibits the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes that produce the inflammation messenger prostaglandin, thus suppressing pain and inflammation. The poison cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, which effectively blocks cellular respiration.\nEnzymes are usually specific as to the reactions they catalyze and the substrates that are involved in these reactions. Shape, charge complementarity, and hydrophillic/hydrophobic character of enzyme and substrate are responsible for this specificity
1013653
ey sorry to burst ur bubble but the only thing that iron tabs effect is ur haemaglobin which basically gives u more red cells in the blood. these transport oxygen aand do give u more energy but their not fussy about which sex
489441
First, it has to inhibit the enzyme you want and not inhibit anything else. It also has to not cause any undesired effects by inhibiting the target enzyme. Sometimes the same enzyme is present in more than one tissue, so the same inhibitor can fix a problem in one organ and cause a problem somewhere else.\n\nNext the drug needs to be soluble. As you digest a pill, receive a shot, or take an IV, the drug becomes diluted as it enters the bloodstream. If it isn't very soluble to begin with, it's nearly impossible to reach therapeutic concentrations in a patient.\n\nThe drug also must be able to reach it's target. If the target enzyme exists inside a cell, the drug must be able to enter the cell. Often a great inhibitor makes a lousy drug because it can get through the plasma membrane.\n\nFinally the drug should ideally be left alone by the Cytochrome P450 enzymes of the liver. Many drugs are metabolized by P450, which is why this is a major source of drug interactions. Further, some of the P450 isotypes vary widely from person to person. This means that the safe dose for one person could be lethal in another, and at this point it's basically impossible to predict who those people are.\n\nThe bottom line is that the drug has to be bioavailable, safe and effective.