Can you use proton flow instead of electron flow?
369237
No. Protons don't flow. Electrons can be removed from the atom, but protons can't (well, unless nuclear reactions are taking place).\n\nI'm assuming you're talking about electricity flow? Instead of electron flow, you can use "space" flow, that gap that "travels" like a wave in the opposite direction of the electron flow.
749223
The flow of current is caused by an electric field being applied to a material if there are electrons which are not tightly bound to the atoms in the material. \n\nIn a metal, an electric field will apply enough force to the electrons to allow them to move from one atom to the next, as long as there is a free electron to replace it. The free electrons may come from a battery, or a loop of metal wire spinning in a magnetic field, for example. The bond of the electrons in the outer atomic shells to the nucleus is not so strong.\n\nOn the other hand, for an insulator, even very high electric fields will not encourage the electrons in the outer shells of the atoms to leave the atom. They are tightly bound to the nucleus.
692204
Just a minor nitpick on what others have said.  Electricity can also be the motion of holes, which can be thought of as the absense of an electron.  But generally it is the motion of electrons.
1184412
Yes, in fact that has been done throught the concept of "Thermo-coupling" but again this method is economically infeasible, because the current generated in the process is in nano amperes.\nor in very small qty.
763006
correct. At the anode, electrons flow out of the system.
186087
There's not much chemistry as far as I know, there's more physics, I beleive there's a flow in electrons and ions through the neurons or somtn like that
171066
An electric current is the amount of charge flowing through a fixed position over a period of time. Current is measured in amperes, charge in coulombs, and time in seconds. So an ampere is the amount of coulombs (charge) that flow through a region in one second.\n\nPositive charged particles (protons) don't move; they stay is the atom's nucleus. Negative charged particles (electrons) surround the atom's nucleus and are free to move from atom to atom.\n\nSo more specifically current is the flow of positive charge. This means that the flow of current is in the opposite direction as the flow of electrons. Or current is the rate at which electrons flow out of a region.
933667
You get the first answered.\nCovalent bonds are strong and don't disassociate into ions, as ionic bonds do. Watch.\nNaCl common salt, sodium and chlorine, put in solution.\n\nNa+  and Cl- they disassociate and you can follow the path of electricity Electron jumps from sodium to be accepted by chlorine. That is electron flow; conduction of electricity.
421869
Protons, Neutrons, and electrons
1033515
You can burn it. \n\nYou can use it in a fuel cell (essentially a more complicated way of burning it that gives you electricity directly).\n\nYou cannot use it for nuclear power if it ordinary hydrogen, but if it is deuterium (hydrogen with a neutron as well as a proton in its nucleus) you can in theory fuse it to form helium - though this has not been achieved in a practical way yet (the Sun does it pretty well though).
1120832
Not sure if you can.  Fuel cells are run on hydrogen.  Using gasoline defeats the purpose
207943
I second that. If you look, one particular example is electron speed in a wire.  Do the calculation for 1amp of current flowing through a 10 cm radius copper wire and its speed is only on the order of a cm/sec.  Now you gotta ask how then do you communication so quickly over a wire if the electrons only travel at a snail's pace ;)
864430
Not really. If we were interested in ATP instead of electricity, it might work, but even then we'd have to supply this solar cell with a fresh supply of CO2 and H2O. In this case, Physics has a better answer than Biology (the photoelectric effect)
950281
Don't quote me on this one, but the energy produced via redox reactions when electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, is used to pump protons against their concentration gradient.\nIn the mitochondria, the protons are pumped into the space between the inner and outer membranes, whereas in chloroplasts, the protons are pumped into the space in the thylakoid. The accumulation of protons in those spaces causes the pH to drop, and sets up a voltage and a concentration gradient, thus causing protons to diffuse through proton channels in the enzyme ATP synthetase. This causes a part of ATP synthetase to rotate, and the energy produced is use to phosphorylate ADP to ATP.\nIn the mitochondria, the electrons are combined with a proton and oxygen at the end of the chain, so water is produced as a waste product.\nIn chloroplasts, the electron transport chain is located between Photosystems II and I, thus an electron from Photosystem II is passed onto Photosystem I. Photosystem I, having been excited and ionised beforehand, therefore returns to being electrically neutral.
567883
Quite well, although today it's been replaced with integrated circuits.  (It's basically a switch, and either off or on, which comes in handy when you are working with base 2 binary numbers, as in a computer.)\n\nThere are two types, NPN and PNP, depending of which way current flows through them.  They are devices which allow, or limit current flow.\n\nThe difference between PNP and NPN transistors is that NPN use electrons as carriers of current and PNP use a lack of electrons (known as "holes"). Basically, nothing moves very far at a time. One atom simply robs an electron from an adjacent atom so you get the impression of "flow". It's a bit like "light pipes". In the case of "N" material, there are lots of spare electrons. In the case of "P" there aren't. In fact "P" is gasping for electrons. Clear as mud isn't it?\n\nOK, bear in mind that the Base is only a few atoms in thickness - almost a membrane - so any electrons allowed into the base "membrane" act as a catalyst to allow other electrons to break through from emitter to collector.\n\nImagine a pool of water near the edge of a table. It rests there with surface tension holding it in place. Now put one tiny drop of water on the table edge and let it touch the pool of water. Suddenly, the pool drains onto the floor as gravity takes over! Your tiny drop provided the catalyst to get it moving. So the base electrons do a similar job for the "pool" of electrons in the emitter - helped by the "gravity suction" of the power supply voltage on the collector.\n\nA transistor doesn't "increase" current. It simply allows power supply current to pass from collector to emitter* - the actual amount depends on the (small) current allowed to flow into its base. The more electrons you allow into the base, the more (x 100) that flow from collector to emitter . I put "x 100" because that is the typical gain (amplification factor) of a transistor. For example, one electron put into the base could allow 100 to escape from collector to emitter.\n\n* The purist might argue that current flows from emitter to collector - dependent on whether we are discussing electron flow or "hole" flow. I don't want to get involved in the physics of current flow. You don't need to know this to design a circuit.\n\n* This discussion relates to Bipolar transistors. Other types of transistor such as "FETs" (Field Effect Transistors) are in common use and work in a slightly different way in that the voltage applied to the "gate" terminal controls the current flowing from "cathode" terminal to "anode" terminal. In effect, a FET is simply a semiconducting (one-way) resistor whose value is controlled by the voltage applied to its "gate".\n\n* OK, having told you all that, I now have to point out that the above description is basically WRONG! What I've described is based on what is called "the beta model" of a transistor. A transistor actually relies on base voltage input - the current input is incidental. If you are at college, your teacher will explain this fully with lots of mathematical equations that will let you design anything at all. However, my description will let you design simple circuits with a minimum of effort and they will almost certainly work. Unless you are going to take up design as a profession, this is all you need to know.
560909
Not really.  It's the movement of electrons, so they're different things, but without electrons, I don't think there would be electricity.  But if the same electrons are just sitting around, that's not electricity either.\n\nIt's like asking what's the mass of 55mph?  It doesn't really work like that.  Your car might be able to go 55mph but it has the same mass at 55mph as it does when it's not moving.
272575
let me explain this with an example.take Cl atom which has 17 protons in the nucleus and equal no. of electrons(17)revolving around the nucleus.this means tht the 17 positive charges are attracting the 17 negative charges.\nnow let us consider the chloride ion Cl(-1). the protons are again 17 here but one negative charge is extra ie there are 18 electrons.so,in this case the 17 positive charges are pulling the 18 negative charges.\nnow u can imagine in which case is the pull less efficient atom or anion?\nobviously it is less efficient in case of anion because of the inequality of charges thus making it bigger in size.\nhope ,i ve made it clear with an example...