what is a damper in mechanical engineering?
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There are dampers that are designed to dampen the vibrations in a mechanical system. A shock absorber on a car in a good example of this.\n\nThere are dampers that remove or lessen pressure surges in piping systems. Water hammer is an example of a pressure surge.\n\nFinally some types of valves are referred to as dampers. They are common in heating and air conditioning duct work.
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In engineering it is basically a calculation used in the design of structures.\nA simple example would be to hold a ruler out and place a small item at the very end.\nThe bending moment becomes the length of the ruler multiplied by the weight of the item.
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mechanical equipment (pumps, compressors, engines, gas turbines, steam turbines ) design and operation\n\nhydraulics, piping design, heat transfer, pressure vessel and heat exchanger design, vibration analsis, acoustics, welding and fabrication, process (chemical etc.) system design and operation, safety engineering, reliability engineering, HVAC systems, project engineering, project management, cost estimating, cost control.\n\nThese are some of the areas where I have used my mechanical engineering degree. I sure there are others that can add quite a few more usages for a mechanical engineer.
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for a window fan, \n\nelectrical energy is input and transformed into mechanical energy, plus there is a heat loss.
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Stress or load bearing means the part is subjected to mechanical or other kinds of loads.
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Vibration dampeners are basically used to quiet the noise a string makes after contact.  Often times players will hear a "ping" like sound and the dampeners reduce this noise.  The official rules of tennis state that a dampener must be placed outside the last cross or main strings.  This means you can place a dampener either on top or bottom of the racket.  I suppose you could also place it outside the mainstrings off to one-side of the racket but this would not help quiet the noise because the dampener would not be in contact with the "two main strings" which are the source of the noise and vibration when strinking the ball.  Dampeners don't really reduce the shock to the arm when hitting a ball but rather the small amount of vibration which gives the "ping" like sound.
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A third-class lever is one in which the force is between the mass and the fulcrum.  A good example is a shovel.  It is the least efficient of the three classes, and has a mechanical advantage which is less than 1, meaning it takes more force to lift the mass using the lever than it would take to lift it directly.
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Dashpots are often used to dampen a servo system.  They provide a resistance proportional to thrust that can avoid hunting.  The effect can be adjusted, however for large-scale production, it may be possible to find a suitable adjustment on a test stand and to provide fixed orifices for production models.
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For (a), with a nat. freq. of 100 rad/s or about 16 Hz, the measurement error is bound to be greater than 5% at the upper range of the excitation, 40 Hz.\nFor (b), the necessary equations are found in the reference. First solve for the natural frequency of the mass-stiffness w0 using eq. 5. Then iterate eq. 7 to find the maximum Q needed for a TR = 0.3 at w = 30 Hz. Finally use eqs. 6 to get the needed damping ratio zeta.
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In engineering terms pendulums are called mass dampers, usually either active mass dampers or passive/tuned mass dampers.  Check out the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute to start.
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Water-hammer is the effect of non-compressibility of fluids and the physics of kinetic energy. It is avoided by providing damping in the system (most commonly an air cushion in the system) that will allow the kinetic energy of the fluid to be damped out and absorbed, rather than being transferred to the pipe system as an impulse (like a freight train hitting a barricade). The air cushion allows the fluid to decelerate gradually. Pipe friction in the cushion provides energy absorption, as well.
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Try a damping circuit.
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Magneto-rheological fluids can change their viscosity in response to an applied magnetic field. Automobile suspension dampers (which are misleadingly called shock absorbers) that use these fluids can provide variable damping to match the characteristics of the road. They are also proposed for use in adaptively damping buildings against seismic vibrations, since they can be controlled to provide optimum damping of the particular frequency content of the disturbance (ref.).
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It is knovn as "inertia". It is mathematicaly explained by the first Newton's law (Law of inertia). Both cases are closely connected to the act of the outer force - in the first case, there hasn't been any force around to make resistance to the object's motion (to change it's direction or to slow it down). In the second case, outer forces have made so big resistance to the object's motion that it has to stop because of the loss of kinetic energy, which has been lost in object's attempt to stay in constant motion.
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An air compressor is a machine, usually made up of a piston connected to a crankshaft and moving in a valved cylinder (a mechanism similar to a piston engine), that takes in atmospheric air and compresses it to a higher pressure. The output, compressed air, may be stored in a pressure tank or may be used directly in air tools, dust-removal nozzles, paint sprayers, or to inflate tires (among many other uses). The compressor requires a source of mechanical power to operate. Probably the most-used type is a unit consisting of electric motor, compressor and tank with pressure gauge. See the ref. for a description of how they work.
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Mechanical engineering, the broadest of all Engineering disciplines deals with design and production of tools, machines and all other mechanical equipment to be used in industries. The industry offers a wide choice of options extending across many interdisciplinary interdependent specialties. Mechanical engineering is concerned with all types of machinery in industries and all aspects of their mechanism and functioning; the design, development, construction, production, installation, operation and maintenance; such as large steam and gas turbines, components of thermal power stations, internal combustion engines, jet engines, machine tools, air conditioning and heating machines, refrigerators etc to name a few. They not only design and create new products, but also develop materials for them and ways of making them
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Mechanical Engineering is an engineering discipline that includes the application of mechanical principles and mathematics for the design, analysis, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical components. Typically, most mechanical engineers work in design, maintenance, sales, processing, or a combination. I work in maintenance which is a good combination of mechanical design and field maintenance. If you want a textbook definition check out wikipedia. Here are a couple of other good starting points:\nhttp://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos027.htm\nhttp://www.asme.org/