What rockets do spaceships lose when taking off?
142754
The two white rockets are boosters the burn solid fuel, they seperate once their fuel is spent. The big red part the falls off the space shuttle is a liquid fuel tank that remains attached until the engines on the shuttle consume all or most of the fuel in it, depending oh how high of an orbit they wish to achieve.
717388
Rockets carry two components -- fuel to burn and their own oxidizer to enable that in the near-vacuum of space.  In the case of liquid fuels, the two components must be stored separately.  Some solid rocket propellants have the fuel and oxidizer mixed together.
1023177
It's more or less as most of the preceding answers say. But it applies to escape from any body, not just earth and not just planets. For instance, the sun also has an associated escape velocity (617.2 km/sec at the surface). And it applies to a launch in any direction away from the body, not only vertical. As the 4th answer says, escape velocity decreases with distance from the body. Interestingly, because of conservation of energy, the velocity of an object launched at escape velocity remains equal to the escape velocity that prevails at whatever distance it reaches.\nA rocket achieves escape velocity by expelling the exhaust of its burning propellant rearwards at high velocity. It is most practically done by launching along a path that is initially vertical to minimize time spent in the dense atmosphere and consequent energy loss to air resistance, and then gradually changing to a more horizontal path to minimize the loss due to gravitational acceleration. Ignoring these loss factors, the velocity of a rocket is described by the "rocket equation", \nDeltaV = Vex * log(M0/M1), \nWhere DeltaV is velocity change, Vex is exhaust velocity, M0 is liftoff mass and M1 is burnout mass.
751392
A Jet engine sucks in air, compresses it and forces it out the back to produce thrust.\n\nA Rocket motor uses a chemical reaction of two substances in a sealed container to produce thrust.  When the container is opened the chemicals force their way out.\n\nImagine a bottle of lemonade.  Shake it up and the open the top.  That is your rocket motor.
604767
The shuttle initially lifts off using solid rocket boosters(those tanks that are blown off) which are usually filled with an ammonium perchlorate (oxidizer, 69.6 % by weight), aluminum (fuel, 16 %), iron oxide (a catalyst, 0.4 %), a polymer (such as PBAN or HTPB - a binder that holds the mixture together, 12.04 %), and an epoxy curing agent (1.96 %). After the tanks are blown off with explosive bolts, the shuttle uses its own engines, which are fueled with liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen.
215867
The ejection of water WILL effect the shuttles attitude (direction). Any mass accelerated out will have an equal and opposite force against the shuttle (Newton's laws). But as it happens, the on board gyroscope detects minor forces causing permutations to the craft and compensates with thrusters.
104839
When an object is launched under the influence of only a uniform gravitational force field, it is said to follow a projectile motion. Under ideal condition, the path it traces is parabolic. There is catch here – if the initial velocity is equal or more than the escape velocity then the object will simply vanish into space i.e. leave earth!\n\nImagine if the launch angle from the horizontal is “theta” and initial velocity is “U” then you can easily compute vertical (Uv) and horizontal (Uh) components of it. The Uv will be equal to U x Sin(theta) and Uh will be equal to U x Cos(theta). Now by using Uv you can compute the max height it will reach and the total time it will take to go up and return to ground. With this round trip time in hand, you can easily compute the max horizontal distance it will cover before hitting the ground.\n\nAll these calculation assume ideal conditions like no wind resistance etc.
365870
An interesting question.  I would say that spacecraft and/or rockets would be the most costly.
117189
Depends.  (How many times does that answer show up?)\nThe rocket equation is\nV = Vex * log(m0/m1)\nwhere \nV is final velocity\nVex is the rocket exhaust velocity\nm0 is liftoff mass\nm1 is burnout mass\nThis equation says (e.g.) that you need a ratio of liftoff to burnout weights = e (2.718, base of natural logarithms) to achieve a V = Vex.\nThe equation is used as-is for a single-stage rocket.  For multistage (serial not parallel burns) rockets you sum the V values for each successive stage.\nVex of the Shuttle main engines, which are pretty state of the art for efficiency, is about 15000 ft/sec.  (You could do better but you'd be working with much more exotic, toxic and pricey chemistry than Shuttle's good old LH/LOX system.)\nSo the answer to the first question is: Every time you increase the m0/m1 ratio by a factor of 2.718 the burnout velocity becomes 15000 ft/sec larger, so there is no theoretical maximum speed.  However, you say "using current designs".  If in addition to using the Shuttle main engines this means using existing vehicles, propellant tanks, etc. then a lot of work would be needed to get the answer.  The Shuttle itself cannot go beyond low earth orbit, so you'd have to piece parts together to make the fastest practically achievable interplanetary (IP) vehicle.  You need ~35000 ft/sec to escape earth's gravitational field.  This means you need an m0/m1 of about e^2.3 or 10 just to get into IP orbit.  Now you get into tradeoffs.  How fast do you want to get there?  Slower means less rocket fuel needed, but more mass is needed to support a longer trip which means more fuel.  How comfortable must it be?  There are too many questions, too many trades, too much engineering to cover it all here.  I hope this gives you a start.
491647
They carry their own.\nEither in the form of liquid oxygen, or they use a fuel that  will liberate oxygen as part of the combustion reaction, like hydrogen peroxide.\n\nNote that these are very inefficient, because you have to haul large masses of oxidizers up out of the gravity well...  This is going to put an effective stop to long-haul space travel until a better form of propulsion is well established.\n\n(For extra points...)\nIon drives, mass reaction drives and things like hydrogen "ramjets" are being worked on as alternatives -  and, my favourite concept, the solar sail, is in the wings...  :-)\nI've sailed the oceans, I would really love to sail space, but I doubt I'll live that long.
392611
For an approximation, the liftoff weight is about 4.5 million lb. The lightning mast is 347 feet high. Ignoring the mass loss due to propellant consumption (since the mast is cleared in only a few seconds vs. a solid rocket burn time of about 2 minutes), and just counting the raising-the-shuttle energy (not the acceleration), that's 1.56*10^9 ft-lb.
283082
An example is the rocket equation:\nV = Vex * log(m0/m1)\nwhere \nV is final velocity\nVex is the rocket exhaust velocity\nm0 is liftoff mass\nm1 is burnout mass\nThis equation says (e.g.) that you need a ratio of liftoff to burnout weights = e (2.718, base of natural logarithms) to achieve a V = Vex.\nNow suppose you know the final velocity you want and you know the mass of the object you want to impart the velocity to, which is a typical design situation.  Then you turn the equation around:\nM0=M1*e^(V/Vex)\n(The results can be surprising if you're unfamiliar with rocket propulsion.  With a state-of-the-art engine like the Shuttle main engines, Vex is about 15000 ft/sec. If you want 1000 pounds (empty rocket plus any payload) to reach 35000 ft/sec (~earth escape velocity) with an engine of equal efficiency, you'd need a liftoff weight of about 10000 lb.)
1023626
the science between the movement of a rocket ship is governed in the third law (i think). The law of action and reaction.\nactually the air acts as a friction. but in space the rocket will fly faster because space is frictionless, due to no air.\nthe flame coming out from its butt's side is opposite to where the rocket is moving.\nthe flame is going < < < = = = \nwhile the movement of the rocket is = = = > > >\nLaw of action and reaction.
661575
The tighter the foil around the match heads then the further the rocket will go...it's all down to the restriction of oxygen to the initial explosion....the less oxygen then the more power to the match.
151403
Orbits are stable. If you have a little rocket in orbit and you suddenly jetteson the boosters, the boosters will stay in orbit even though you're not using them. The only reason objects eventually fall back to earth and burn up in the atmosphere is the atmosphere itself. The (very very tiny amount of) air friction the orbiting object is exposed to slows the oblect down. This lowers the altitude slightly, exposing the object to even more resistance. This is a runaway affect, causing the object to eventually fall out of the sky.\nOh, for your first question: Not counting junk, the earth posseses 1 natural sattelite (the Moon) and thousands of artifical sattelites (for TV, GPS, phone, etc.). Counting junk, the number extends into the billions. That's right, I said billions - that's not a typo of millions.
514064
It's about the conservation of the momentum (impulse).\n\nIf it accelerates, the exhaust gas has a speed in a direction; this will give the spaceship a certain speed in the other direction (the ratio of speeds will be equal to the ratio of gas/spaceship mass)\n\nIn any other case, it will keep the current velocity and direction as there is nothing to slow it down (there is no athmosphere) - unless it bumps into something.
860346
When going uphill (acceleration) and returning to Earth (deceleration), the shuttle passes the speed of sound 1 time each.  The boom that you hear is the release of the air pressure that has built up (in the form of a cone around the aircraft).  There are actually two "booms"; 1 when the craft's nose passes beyond the pressurized cone, and 2 when the tail of the craft passes beyond the pressurized cone.\n\nOn smaller aircraft the two booms generally cannot be distinguished separately so we just refer to them as one sonic boom.  On the space shuttle however, because it is a much bulkier craft, the two booms are distinguished easily.\n\nSo during ascent and descent there are 2 sonic booms each.  Once when the nose passes the pressure cone and second when the tail passes the pressure cone.