why is it dangerous to heat an organic compound in a distillation apparatus that is closed tightly at every jo
144293
BECAUSE IT WILL BLOW UP
863664
Well, it is a strong oxidant especially in an acidic form, so it could be a problem if it leaked onto anything combustible.  It is also very hazardous to health and environment, so accidental exposure can be a problem.   It will emit very toxic fumes in a fire situation, so it can be quite hazardous to firefighters, especially if they don't know its there.\n\nSome plastics may become brittle with age if it is stored too long, leading to breakage and leakage.\n\nI would say that is the biggest hazard, being accidentally exposed to to an improper containeer or labeling.
139382
First, you dissolve your compound in the solvent in which is is most soluable (perhaps THF or methylene chloride).  Then you very carefully use a pipette to layer the solvent in which it is not soluable on top (perhaps diethyl ether or pentane).  You need to add the second solvent slowly and carefully.  Let the solvent run down the side of the container.  Obviously the top solvent needs to be less dense than the bottom one.  You then let the container sit undisturbed on the bench or in the freezer away from any vibrations until crystals form.  As the upper solvent diffuses into the lower solvent, you compound will become less soluable until it falls out.  The first solution should be as close to saturated as possible.
847021
Pure dry Ethanol (Ethyl alcohol) boils at 78.5 degrees C.  This is a little higher than the typical 78.3 °C or 78.4 °C reported in many older texts.\n\nIf you are talking about a still, Ethanol forms a constant-boiling mixture, or azeotrope, with water that contains 95% ethanol and 5% water and that boils at 78.15°C
826503
I just watched a news special recently on nbc re: freezing water bottles.\n\nI found this article that I copied and pasted.  But I have also read on other websites that it does not.\n\n"DIOXINS Carcinogens cause cancer. Especially breast cancer. Don't freeze your plastic water bottles with water as this also releases dioxins in the plastic. Dr. Edward Fujimoto from Castle Hospital was on a TV program explaining this health hazard. He is the manager of the Wellness Program at the hospital. He was talking about dioxins and how bad they are for us. He said that we should not be heating our food in the microwave using plastic containers. This applies to foods that contain fat. He said that the combination of fat, high heat and plastics releases dioxins into the food and ultimately into the cells of the body. Dioxins are carcinogens and highly toxic to the cells of our bodies.\n\nThen I found this article from John Hopkins that says it does not\n\n\nBALTIMORE -- Johns Hopkins researchers have responded to an e-mail warning against freezing water bottles. A recent e-mail hoax claims Hopkins scientists warned people that freezing plastic bottles releases dioxins into the water. But the researchers say that's entirely false -- they said freezing plastic water bottles will not expose people to dangerous chemicals.\n\nResults | Disclaimer \n \nAccording to Dr. Rolf Halden, of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, freezing actually works against the release of chemicals and scientists are not even sure plastics contain dioxins. \nHowever, Halden does warn that another group of chemicals that are used to make plastic less brittle can be released if you place them in hot water or heat them in the microwave.\n\nBut Halden stresses that people should not be afraid of drinking water and that "you are more likely to suffer from the adverse effects of dehydration than from the miniscule amounts of chemical contaminants present in your water supply."\n\nHe also said people should be more concerned about the quality of the water they drink more than the bottle from which they drink it. Although people tend to assume bottled water is the safest route, Halden said city water is much more highly regulated and monitored for quality.
101358
I think the only pratical way ot do this will be to distill the kerosene.\n\nBut be aware that you are probably breaking the law by doing so. The colouration is added to make it comply with safety laws.
97620
the conclusion is that when you heat water it will boil.\nif you donot stop it will ecoporate
488884
There are two different "environmental conditions" which would affect the water: very low pressure and very low temperature.\nThe first thing to happen is that the water would "boil" (that is start to turn into a vapor).  This would be described as a "vacuum distillation."  This process (which removes heat from the liquid water), combined with the already low temperature would remove enough heat for the water to freeze.\nIf the container was allowed to remain exposed, the solid water would slowly continue to "sublime" (turn into a vapor under reduced pressure) until some sort of equilibrium was reached.\nNo.  I do not believe that this experiment has been tried, or if tried, the results released to the general public.
196696
One possibility is fractional distillation.  This procedure takes the boiling points of each component of a mixture into account.  The mixture is connected to the proper apparatus and placed over heat.  That component with the lower boiling point will evaporate off first and can be collected in a recovery flask.  That material with a higher boiling point will evaporate latest.
888554
Strangely enough, the HOT water would freeze first.  There is a chemical explanation for this.
851633
Stirring during refluxing will maintain the solution that is being heated. It will dissolve any solid particles into the solution and prevent and layers from being formed in the solution between liquids with different densities. It will also guarantee that the solution is being completely heated and that you're not burning the bottom of the solution.
158061
2 reasons really, courtesy for the next person, and if you let the alcohol level drop below the wick, the next burning will not be a burning of alcohol, but of the wick itself (and as it burns down into the alcohol burner, it can ignite the fumes, creating an explosion)\nI need to ask.. where are you that your lab is still using alchohol burners instead of bunsen burners?
216787
Do you know distructive distilation?\n\nIn distructive distilation naturally occuring mixtures like coal, crude patrolum, wood etc. are heated in absence of air. This avoids combustion.\n\nWhile heating the volatile substances immediately vapourize. The remains are further heated and in this way all substances (compounds or elements) gradually are separated from the main body leaving behind the residue. This residue is distillate.
156495
If it had boiled dry it was way to hot and you don't know what that did to the internal components. With the fire risk that could impose, I would either have it looked at by a certified repair center for that brand or buy a new one. If there was still liquid in the pot, the risk would be greatly decreased. My husband is the world’s most forgetful person so eventually we had to get one that automatically shuts off an hour after it brews. Lots of them have this feature.
25468
Prevents it from boilig or freezing
1082160
Those processes take special equipment. But generally, one takes a sample, boils it with the addition of either a solvent or an acid (depending what one is extracting) which releases the oils. From there, the solution may have to be dried, distilled, separated, or all three. HOWEVER, it absolutely requires that specialized equipment. ATTEMPTING an extraction without the right tools, protective gear, chemicals, forethought, planning, procedure, technique, and disposal could result in not only undesired products, but health concerns and issues ranging from burns, loss of conciousness, poisoning, carcenogenic effects, and even loss of life. It is highly not recommended to undertake the procedure if any  of these requisites are missing or lacking.
900522
Unstable is not the best word.  Being a 5 membered ring in organic chemistry is highly desirable so there isn't a problem here.  The compound however is extremely flammable.