how the solar eclips take place inform in detail?
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This is when the moon is in front of the sun in respect to the earth. It is also called conjunction.
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a. emission lines from reference elemnts on Earth
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In essence, the sun is a gargantuan nuclear fusion reactor. It uses hydrogen as its fuel, the fusion process creates helium, which is lighter than hydrogen. Witin the sun, hydrogen is 'falling' toward the core, as helium is rising to the surface, causing convection currents. This is what gives the sun its mottled appearance. Sunspots occasionally occur, these oddities are associated with geomagnetic storms which send tons of radiation hurtling into space as a solar flare, or a larger coronal mass ejection. When this radiation interacts with our magnetosphere here on earth, spectacular light shows ensue around the poles...the Aurorae. These bursts of electromagnetic energy also play havoc on radio reception. The sun is a complex engine of massive power and energy, but it's still in essence a fusion reactor.
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This should help you:  http://www.le.ac.uk/physics/faulkes/web/stars/o_st_overview.html
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The zodiacal light.  A faint glow from light scattered off of interplanetary dust along the plane of the ecliptic.  It lies along the ecliptic and is caused by reflected sunlight.
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If you imagine a solar system that includes the sun and the Earth,and no other bodies, the Earth would travel about the sun in an ellipse (strictly speaking, the Earth and the sun would travel around their common center of gravity in ellipses).  An ellipse has two foci, which are points that define the ellipse in the same way that a point defines the center location of a circle.  Because the sun is so large and the orbit is so nearly circular, both of the foci lie near the center of the sun  So it is not correct to say that one of the foci is the sun -- both foci are in the sun, but they're really just mathematical points that define the shape of the orbit.\n\nWhen you add more planets to the mix, things get much more complicated, but one can think of each approximately elliptical orbit separately, and then there is a different set of foci for each pair of bodies if one neglects the influence of the other bodies.
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The Earth is tilted by 23 1/2 degrees. During the Summer months, the north is pointed toward the Sun allowing more direct sunlight. During the winter, we are tilted away from the sun so the sunlight is more indirect as the sun seems lower in the sky. There are 4 cardinal points in our calender; Summer solstice, autumnal equinox, winter solstice and vernal equinox. Beginning of summer, fall, winter and spring. This coincides with the position of earth as it goes around the sun. Each of the cardinal days can take place over a three day period, 20th, 21st, 22nd. On June 20th, summer solstice, it is the longest day of the year. It is also the day that the north pole is pointing directly at the sun. The next day it will have passed this point and start pointing away from the sun, hence, the days will also start getting shorter. For further info, feel free to email me, orion_1812@yahoo.com
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The equinox is not a sudden event that flicks a switch or something, it's just the name we give to the instant when the equator is hit with direct sunlight.  It's simply a moment in a gradual cycle.\n\nEquinoxes: sun is directly over equator\nSummer Solstice (North): sun is directly over Tropic of Cancer\nWinter Solstice (North): sun is directly over Tropic of Capricorn
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The answer to this questions lies in what the sun is made out of and how that reacts to itself.  The sun is plasma, as are most of the stars.  The mass of the sun is so great that it possesses tremendous gravitational force.  This causes all the pasma to be pulled toward the center of the sun.  There is too much plasma there for it all to be at the center of the sun, so it gets positioned around the center in the shape of a ball.  Take a magnet for example.  If you place a magnet in the middle of a bunch of iron filings, the filings will all attempt to reach the magnet.  They will not all be able to do so, so the rest will be distributed around the middle in a ball.  This is what happens in the sun, just like the earth, the moon, and all other celestial bodies.  In the earth, the sand and dirk particles are pulled toward the center and are thus arranged in a ball around the middle of the earth because of gravity.\nThe sun is not a perfect ball, but then, neither is the earth, yet it looks like one from the moon's perspective.  The reason for this is also due to distance.  The sun is approximately 93,000,000 miles away.  It looks about 5 cm in diameter from earth.  It is actually 1,390,000 KM in diameter.  This causes the sun to look only about .000000003597th of it's size.  If the sun happens to have a bump opn one size that it oh, let's say, 100,000 KM in diameter, it would only appear to be 3 millimeters in diameter from earth.  There is one other thing that keeps us from noticing it.  If I were to shine a spotlight right in your eyes, there would be no way for you to tell if the spotlight was actually a perfect circle or slightly oval.  If you don't believe me, just try it sometime.  That is what it is like, looking at the sun.  The sun is the spotlight and we are in it's direct beam during the day, which happens to be the only time we can observe it.  For all these reasons, the sun appears to be a ball.
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http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=SolarSys&Display=Overview\n\nCheck out this website, you can find all the info you need about each of the planets and the sun here.
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The equinox is defined as the point where the sun is directly overhead on noon at the equator.  This is very close to when the days and nights are equal, and if the earth traveled around the sun in a perfect circle, they would be the same.\n\nBut the earth travels around the sun in an elliptical path.  Sometimes it is closer to the sun, travelling more quickly, and other times it is further away, travelling more slowly.  This introduces small discrepancies in the length of the day.
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The ellipse is a result of the mutual gravitation of two massive bodies. The center of mass of each sun-planet system is somewhere between the center of mass of the two bodies (it's still inside the sun, though), and each body revolves around the center of mass. Since both masses are moving, they orbit around each other, resulting in elliptical orbits for both (however, since the sun is always orbiting a point within the sun, it's not as noticeable. Unless you're an astronomer.
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Beacause asit goes around the Earth it becomes closer and further away during its cycle.  The moon is in an oval orbit.\nhttp://stardate.org/nightsky/moon/
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Here's one simple animation: (I'll keep looking).\nhttp://janus.astro.umd.edu/javadir/orbits/ssv.html\n\nHere's a FANCY video:\nhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/solarsystem/3d_tour.shtml
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We know what the surface of venus looks like, the Magellan spacecraft already mapped it (altitude wise), and the Soviets landed a couple of probes on the surface a long time ago.\n\nThe new craft will not tell us what the surface looks like, you can't get any visible light info from the surface due to the thick clouds.\n\nThe ESA's stated scientific objectives for the missions are:\n    * What is the mechanism and what is the driving force of the super-rotation of the atmosphere?\n    * What are the basic processes in the general circulation of the atmosphere?\n    * What is the composition and chemistry of the lower atmosphere and the clouds?\n    * What is the past and present water balance in the atmosphere?\n    * What is the role of the radiative balance and greenhouse effect in the past present and future evolution of the planet?\n    * Is there currently volcanic and/or tectonic activity on the planet?
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NASA/JPL lists a detailed ephemeris for this object with celestial coordinates ==> http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/db_shm?sstr=2004%20XP14
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Astronomers generally use either the equatorial or ecliptical reference frames. The standard reference plane for the equatorial reference frame is the earth's equator. The standard reference plane for the ecliptical reference frame is the plane of the earth's orbit around the Sun. The intersection of these two planes is a line that points in one direction towards the vernal equinox, and in the other direction towards the autumal equinox.\n\nIn both systems, the zero point of longitude (for ecliptic) or Right Ascension (for equatorial) is defined as the direction of the vernal equinox, also called the First point of Aries.