what is UDP in networking?
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1. The difference between NAT, public, and private addresses. First public addresses. These are addresses by which others on the internet can refer to you. Another way to think of it is these are the addresses that are visible to people outside your LAN. Private addresses are just the opposite. These are the addresses that are used on your local network and they are not used outside the LAN. Thus if you encounter internet traffic from an address like 10.1.1.5, you can safely disregard it. NAT, or Network Address Translation, is done at your firewall or gateway and it essentially translates your private address into a public address. For example, your local network may be using addresses in the 192.168.1.0-254 range. These are private addresses and cannot be used on the internet. When you try to access the internet, your firewall or gateway translates that address to your public address. Thus, if you have a very simple network with only one public IP address, you could have, say, 10 clients on your internal network, but when they access the internet, they all appear to come from your single public address. Then there is static NAT (SNAT) and dynamic NAT (DNAT), but that's a little outside the scope of your question. \n2. Where to enter the public address. When you say that you have one of the clients acting like a sever, I assume you mean that it is functioning as the firewall/gateway? If that is the case, this is the only box on which you need to have the public IP address. This is for your outside-facing interface, and your private address will be on your inside-facing interface. Your other client machines don't have any need or use for the public IP address.
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Internet Protocol address) The address of a device attached to an IP network (TCP/IP network). Every client, server and network device must have a unique IP address for each network connection (network interface). Every IP packet contains a source IP address and a destination IP address.\n\nStatic and Dynamic IP\n\nAn IP network is somewhat similar to the telephone network in that you have to have the phone number to reach a destination. The big difference is that IP addresses are often temporary.\n\nEach device in an IP network is either assigned a permanent address (static IP) by the network administrator or is assigned a temporary address (dynamic IP) via DHCP software. Routers, firewalls and proxy servers use static addresses as do most servers and printers that serve multiple users. Client machines may use static or dynamic IP addresses. The IP address assigned to your service by your cable or DSL Internet provider is typically dynamic IP. In routers and operating systems, the default configuration for clients is dynamic IP (see DHCP).\n\nDotted Decimals\n\nIP addresses are written in "dotted decimal" notation, which is four sets of numbers separated by periods; for example, 204.171.64.2. If you knew the IP address of a Web site, you could enter the dotted decimal number into your browser instead of the domain name (which is why we have DNS!).\n\nAlthough the next version of the IP protocol offers a virtually unlimited number of unique addresses (see IPv6), the traditional IP address (IPv4) uses a 32-bit number that defines both the network and the host computer. The network class determines how many of the 32 bits are used for the network address, leaving the remaining bits for use as the host number (note the numbers of networks and hosts in the table below). The host number can be further divided between subnetworks and hosts
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Networking in general is setting up multiple pcs at a location, in most cases with file, printer and internet sharing.  The network router will route/assign ips and traffic to all pcs.  Is there anything in more detail your needing?
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Active Directory is an implementation of LDAP directory (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, or LDAP ("ell-dap"), is a networking protocol for querying and modifying directory services running over TCP/IP. An LDAP directory usually follows the X.500 model)services by Microsoft for use in Windows environments. Active Directory allows administrators to assign enterprise-wide policies, deploy programs to many computers, and apply critical updates to an entire organization. An Active Directory stores information and settings relating to an organization in a central, organized, accessible database. Active Directory networks can vary from a small installation with a few hundred objects, to a large installation with millions of objects.
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Description\nThe /usr/sbin/ping command sends an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) ECHO_REQUEST to obtain an ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE from a host or gateway. The ping command is useful for:\n\nDetermining the status of the network and various foreign hosts. \nTracking and isolating hardware and software problems. \nTesting, measuring, and managing networks.\nIf the host is operational and on the network, it responds to the echo. Each echo request contains an Internet Protocol (IP) and ICMP header, followed by a timeval structure, and enough bytes to fill out the packet. The default is to continuously send echo requests until an Interrupt is received (Ctrl-C).\n\nThe ping command sends one datagram per second and prints one line of output for every response received. The ping command calculates round-trip times and packet loss statistics, and displays a brief summary on completion. The ping command completes when the program times out or on receipt of a SIGINT signal. The Host parameter is either a valid host name or Internet address.\n\nBy default, the ping command will continue to send echo requests to the display until an Interrupt is received (Ctrl-C). The Interrupt key can be changed by using the stty command.\n\nBecause of the load that continuous echo requests can place on the system, repeated requests should be used primarily for problem isolation.\n\nFlags\n\n-c Count Specifies the number of echo requests, as indicated by the Count variable, to be sent (and received). \n-w timeout This option works only with the -c option. It causes ping to wait for a maximum of 'timeout' seconds for a reply (after sending the last packet). \n-d Starts socket-level debugging. \n-D This option causes a hex dump to standard output of ICMP ECHO_REPLY packets. \n-f Specifies flood-ping option. The -f flag "floods" or outputs packets as fast as they come back or one hundred times per second, whichever is more. For every ECHO_REQUEST sent, a . (period) is printed, while for every ECHO_REPLY received, a backspace is printed. This provides a rapid display of how many packets are being dropped. Only the root user may use this option. \n\nNote: This can be very hard on a network and should be used with caution. Flood pinging is only permitted by the root user. The -f flag is incompatible with the -i Wait flag. \n-I a.b.c.d Specifies that the interface specified by a.b.c.d is to be used for outgoing IPv4 multicasts. The -I flag is an uppercase i. \n-o interface Specifies that interface is to be used for outgoing IPv6 multicasts. The interface is specified in the form 'en0', 'tr0' etc. \n-i Wait Waits the number of seconds specified by the Wait variable between the sending of each packet. The default is to wait for one second between each packet. This option is incompatible with the -f flag. \n-L Disables local loopback for multicast pings. \n-l Preload Sends the number of packets specified by the Preload variable as fast as possible before falling into normal mode of behavior (one per second). The -l flag is a lowercase l. \n-n Specifies numeric output only. No attempt is made to look up symbolic names for host addresses. \n-p Pattern Specifies up to 16 'pad' bytes to fill out the packet you send. This is useful for diagnosing data-dependent problems in a network. For example, -p ff fills the packet with all 1's. \n-q Specifies quiet output. Nothing is displayed except the summary lines at startup time and when finished. \n-r Bypasses the routing tables and sends directly to a host on an attached network. If the Host is not on a directly connected network, the ping command generates an error message. This option can be used to ping a local host through an interface that no longer has a route through it. \n-R Specifies record route option. The -R flag includes the RECORD_ROUTE option in the ECHO_REQUEST packet and displays the route buffer on returned packets. \n\nNote: The IP header is only large eno
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Networking = Connecting\n\nComputer Networking = Connecting many computers together so that they can exchange files, data\n\nPeople Networking / Social Networking = Connecting many people such that they can talk, exchange information etc...
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Unix or Linux would be my answer.  Linux especially can be adapted for a network's server needs.
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You're probably thinking of TCP-IP and wikipedia has an interesting article on its history, and comparisons between the two. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCPIP  \n(It's far better than me boring you with explanations of models and standards)
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That is a question which requires a hugh amount of time to answer.  You'd do better to just start searching the web for information on networking.  Also, "network" is something of an ambiguous term. Are you referring implementations of OSI?
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computers networks are LAN.internet is WAN.\ninternet have a lot of computers inside,that each one has its own configuration,OS,protocols.\ncomputer networks have computers with defined configuration,OS and protocols.\ncomputer networks are alwayes available but internet(mostly) is not available without calling a link(dialup-ADSL-...)\ncomputer network is often use for file sharing and printer sharing and email.but internet is a huge source of every knowledge (it is accessed by internet browsers)
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Arp is a very usefull tool you can use it to troubleshoot connectivity issues.  your computer must have the MAC address of the target computer when sending out a packet\n\n\n\ncheck out this site to verify your public IP address:  mysourceip.com
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internet (Lower case i) \nAny time you connect 2 or more networks together, you have an internet - as in inter-national or inter-state. \n\n\nInternet (Upper case I) \nThe vast collection of inter-connected networks that are connected using the TCP/IP protocols and that evolved from the ARPANET of the late 60's and early 70's. \nThe Internet connects tens of thousands of independent networks into a vast global internet and is probably the largest Wide Area Network in the world.\n\nARPANet -- (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) \nThe precursor to the Internet. Developed in the late 60's and early 70's by the US Department of Defense as an experiment in wide-area-networking to connect together computers that were each running different system so that people at one location could use computing resources from another location.\n\nTCP/IP -- (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) \nThis is the suite of protocols that defines the Internet. Originally designed for the UNIX operating system, TCP/IP software is now included with every major kind of computer operating system. To be truly on the Internet, your computer must have TCP/IP software.\n\nUnix \nA computer operating system (the basic software running on a computer, underneath things like word processors and spreadsheets). Unix is designed to be used by many people at the same time (it is multi-user) and has TCP/IP built-in. It is the most common operating system for servers on the Internet. \nApple computers' Macintosh operating system, as of version 10 ("Mac OS X"), is based on Unix.
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A UPnP device is a device able to be controlled by the UPnP protocols which work on any logical TCP/IP network. As far as these protocols are concerned, the device simply responds to UPnP "control points" which are provided in software or hardware and work as a front-end for the device.. The basic function in UPnP is for devices and control points to discover each over over the logical IP network and make themselves and their capabilities known to each other.\n\nSo far, UPnP has worked as standards for managing broadband routers in the context of "punching through" ports for sophisticated Internet applications like games, instant-messaging programs and BitTorrent clients. It also has worked as a standard for media clients like digital media adaptors to discover content on media servers such as software like Windows Media Connect that you run on your computer or hardware devices like some network-attached storage units or the Philips Streamium WACS-700 Wireless Media Center.\n\nWith regards,\n\nSimon Mackay
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dhcp can be used by pretty much any router or network server.\n\nyou can read more about dhcp here:\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhcp
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TCP is a part of IP, which includes all other protocols like udp etc.
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TCP/IP dates from the the ARPANET network. ARPANET is a telecommunication network developed by the ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency), the research agency of the American ministry of defence (the DOD: Department Of Defense). Besides the possibility to interconnect heterogeneous networks, this network was supposed to resist to a possible nuclear war, contrary to the telephon network usually used for telecommunication but considered as too vulnerable. It was then decided that ARPANET would use a standing out and promising new technology: packet switching (datagram mode). It is to meet this context that the TCP and IP protocols were invented in 1974. The ARPA then signed several agreements with manufacturers (especially BBN) and the Berkeley University, where a Unix system was under development, to impose this standard, and that was done.
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A local area network (LAN) is a computer network covering a small local area, like a home, office, or small group of buildings such as a college. Current LANs are most likely to be based on switched Ethernet or Wi-Fi technology running at from 10 to 1000Mb/s (megabits per second). The defining characteristics of LANs in contrast to WANs are: (a) much higher data rates, (b) smaller geographic range and (c) they do not involve leased telecommunication lines.\n\nTechnical aspects\nAlthough switched Ethernet is now most common at the physical layer, and TCP/IP as a protocol, historically many different options have been used (see below) and some continue to be popular in niche areas. Larger LANs will have redundant links, and routers or switches capable of using spanning tree protocol and similar techniques to recover from failed links.LANs will have connections to other LANs via routers and leased lines to create a WAN. Most will also have connections to the large public network known as the Internet, and links to other LANs can be 'tunnelled' across this using VPN technologies.