what the heck does Atp ---> Adp + (P)i + energy mean?
143362
Yes, Zaphod is correct.\n\nYou should write, ATP and ADP - all capital letters.\nThe (P)i is sometimes written just as Pi - the letter'i' is a subscript. In this context the (P)i indicates an inorganic phosphate group.\n\nSo, adenosine TRIphosphate is hydrolysed into adenosine DIphosphate + an inorganic phosphate molecule. The interesting thing about this hydrolysis is that lots of energy is released when this particular bond is broken. This terminal phosphate bond is often described as a 'high-energy' bond.\nThe 'high-energy' bond is indicatd in diagrams as: Adenosine-P-P~P for ATP.
220549
ATP from the Krebs Cycle making the proton gradient in the electron transport chain
219142
Pi stands for "inorganic phophate".  It is a phosphorous atom with four oxygen atoms around it.  It's chemical formula is PO4 (-3).  It has three negative charges.\n\nATP is adenosine tri-phosphate.  It has three of these phosphate groups attached in a row.  These bonds break fairly easily.  The fact that they are broken "cleaved" rather easily means that you don't have to put much energy in to get a lot more out.  Almost all chemical reactions in your body use ATP to add a little energy into a reaction, especially muscle contraction.  When ATP binds to the myosin head of the muscle fiber, it is broken into ADP (adenosine diphosphate (get it, 2 phosphate groups!)) and Pi (one inorganic phosphate).  The energy of the bond that was broken is used to change the shape of the molecule so that it drags the actin filament below it.  As this happens ADP is released from the myosin.  Once a new ATP attaches, the myosin can release from the actin and the process can start all over.\nA neat clinical thing to understand is that when a person dies, they no longer make any new ATP, thus the myosin cannot release from the actin and they are stuck together.  This is rigor mortis, or the condition of stiff corpses!
1173609
ATP energy is not released through the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis rather stores energy into glucose using carbon dioxide, water, and sun light. Cellular respiration releases the energy from the glucose to create 36 ATP molecules.\n\nHope this helps!
293996
I dont know what u mean by that but i could still help you.Did u mean this?\nCELLULAR RESPIRATION\n\nC6H12O6 + 6 O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP\ncheck out:\nwww.biology.about.com
734964
1. periodic table (?), 2. nucleotides, bases,  3. fatty acids,  6. saturated fatty acid, trans fat,  8. energy (?), 12. adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
156168
Thermodynamics states that heat is a "by product" of a chemical reaction.  So when chemical bonds are broken or made they require energy.  And since energy cannot be completely conserved in an open system (ie the cell) it is inevitable that heat will be produced.  Since the mitochondria is the "energy factory" of the cell and most of the chemical bonds are made in the form of ATP it would make sense that most of the heat is generated in the place where chemical bonds are made and broken.  So the direct answer to your question is, the chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondira cause heat to be generated.
995185
What's your question about it?\n\nThis is the mechanism by which ATP is produced in bacteria, mitochondria and chlorplasts.  Energy for the formation of ATP (by the enzyme ATP synthase) is provided by a proton charge and concentration gradient across a membrane (inner mitochondrial membrane or thylakoid membrane, or plasma membrane in bacteria).  What else would you like to know?
905059
It seems that the tripolyphosphate hydrolises to the orthophosphate\n\nThis is the only way I could see it balance BUT I am guessing and balancing ...\n\n3Na5P3O10 + 6H20 → 5Na3PO4 + 4H3PO4
74106
The answer is either 32 or 34 ATP are produced by the chemiosmotic pump utilized during the Electron Transport Chain (which is 1/3 of the processes involved in cellular respiration). There are a total of 36 or 38 ATP made in the whole of cellular respiration -- there are also 4 net ATP produced by substrate-level phosporylation during glycolsis and the Krebs cycle.\n\nCells differ in how many ATP are produced as a result of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) depending on which method they use to deliver the 2 NADH molecules produced outside of the mitochandria during glycolysis. If those two NADH molecules are delivered by a shuttle protein system, 2 net ATP are saved resulting in a net total of 34 ATP produced in the ETC. If they are not delivered by a shuttle protein system, an ATP is expended to get each across resulting in a net 32 ATP produced during the ETC.
731579
Cyclic photophosphorylation exists to provide energy for the Calvin Cycle. It involves only the P680 in photosystem II. The product of the cyclic photophosphorylation is ATP and there is no electron source because all electrons return to the system.\n\nNon-cyclic photophosphorylation is carried out using both P700 in photosystem I and P680 in photosystem II. The primary electron source to replace the electron from photosystem I that has lost its electron is water. Oxygen is released from the water. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation produces both NADPH and ATP. Unlike cyclic photophosphorylation, the terminal electron acceptor is NADP+.
855087
Ca2+=[Ar]\nMg2+=[Ne]\nI-=[Xe]\nF-=[Ne]
138960
C6H12O6 +  O2 = CO2 + H2O + 38 ATP
839183
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_phosphorylation\n \nthis site should be useful for that
771891
The hydrogen gradient builds up creating a hyper-tonic positive gradient on one side that builds up and pushes the protons/Hydrogen atoms across that then creates energy used to synthesis your adenosinetriphosphate.\nI'm not sure if this is 100 percent right but i but something like it on my test last week. :)
1133718
A. Yes, the use of ATP against the gradient is active\nB. This is diffusion or osmosis\nC. Nope\nD. This is passive transport
806722
OK. watch this.\nThe FADH and NADH from the Krebs cycle enters the electron transport chain. This is on the cristae on the mitochondria (those Lil protrusions). there, the NADH and FADH separate in to the Hydrogen and electons. The electrons are passed from electron acceptor to electron acceptor. The energy level of each electron acceptor is lower than that of the previous, so the elctrons are losing energy. This energy is used to drive hydrogen ions into the spaces between the mitochondrial membrane. By the process of chemiosmosis, the Hydrogen then passes through a special protein (ATP Synthase) in the membrane back into the cristae. When Hydrogen passes through this protein it stimulates the production of ATP. Simply, the protein which catalyse ATP production is an enzyme, activated by the passage of Hydrogen through it. Get it? [Cambrigde A'Level Whooohoo!lol] \n\nWell it is more than three NADH. The cycle goes around twice per glucose molecule so it is 6 NADH (3 each time), and 2 FADH (1 each time) plus the 4 NADH from the stages before the Krebs cycle. All of these enter the electron transport chain. That is the purpose of the NAD and FAD, to take hydrogen and electrons from the Krebs cycle etc. to the next stage (oxidative phosphorylation). That is partially right. The NADH itself does not enter the membrane. It stays on the surface. It is The HYDROGEN that passes into the membrane.