what did scientists find inside protons and neutrons? how many? what holds them together?
145662
They think that protons and neutrons are made of quarks.  No one is sure what a quark is made of, however.  When we break apart a proton or neutron in the lab, we can see the effects of quarks, but not the quarks themselves.  So far, the best ideas regarding what quarks are made of are contained in the 'Superstring' theory, but we have a lot of experimenting to do so see how superstrings work.
421869
Protons, Neutrons, and electrons
961656
the proton\n\nelements with different amounts of neutrons are isotopes of the same element and elements of different amounts of electrons are ions of that element. only if you change the number of protons will you have an different element.
779247
no... protons are held in place by the negatively charged electrons.\nits called neutron radiation or ionizing radiation. This type of radiation is one of the worse because it can pass through matter better than other types and only stops after a headon collision with a nucleus\n\nDiscovery\n\nIn 1930 Walther Bothe and H. Becker in Germany found that if the very energetic alpha particles emitted from polonium fell on certain of the light elements, specifically beryllium, boron, or lithium, an unusually penetrating radiation was produced. At first this radiation was thought to be gamma radiation although it was more penetrating than any gamma rays known, and the details of experimental results were very difficult to interpret on this basis. The next important contribution was reported in 1932 by Irène Joliot-Curie and Frédéric Joliot in Paris. They showed that if this unknown radiation fell on paraffin or any other hydrogen-containing compound it ejected protons of very high energy. This was not in itself inconsistent with the assumed gamma ray nature of the new radiation, but detailed quantitative analysis of the data became increasingly difficult to reconcile with such a hypothesis. Finally (later in 1932) the physicist James Chadwick in England performed a series of experiments showing that the gamma ray hypothesis was untenable. He suggested that in fact the new radiation consisted of uncharged particles of approximately the mass of the proton, and he performed a series of experiments verifying his suggestion. Such uncharged particles were eventually called neutrons, apparently from the Latin root for neutral and the Greek ending -on (by imitation of electron and proton).
295219
It looks like a stable atom. The protons, neutrons, and electrons are all equal so they do not need to take away from other atoms. The maxium number of protons, neutrons, and electrons vary for each element. For example some elements on the periodic table can only contain 8 protons on the outer shell. Etc. And this question would get better answer if it was in Physics or Chemistry.
642453
proton and neutron, the electrons are on the outer shell
360137
the simplistic answer involves the electrons, protons and neutrons. the more complex answer contains up quarks, down quarks- which are the building blocks of protons and neutrons. \nThen if we think about it we have also got anti-matter, which is involved in bonding and so forth, and so must be around somewhere. positrons, anti-bonding orbitals, etc.
807009
there are innumerable protons and neutrons in universe. generally protons and neutrons are in an atom.
436139
yes, Each proton and each neutron contains three quarks.There are several varieties of quarks. Protons and neutrons are composed of two types: up quarks and down quarks.\n\nEach up quark has a charge of +2/3.\nEach down quark has a charge of -1/3.\nThe sum of the charges of quarks that make up a nuclear particle determines its electrical charge. \n\nbut string theory proposes that it gets smaller than quarks a lot smaller. it is interesting and cool to look into.
146629
The sodium atom has the atomic number of 11.  This means that it has 11 protons in the nucleus and 11 electrons in the space around it.\nThe most abundant isotope of sodium has an atomic weight of 23, this means that there are (23 - 11 = 12) 12 neutrons also in the nucleus.\nThe sodium atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons and 11 electrons.\nThe sodium ion has a positive charge by loosing one of its electrons.  So the ion has 11 protons, 12 neutrons and 10 electrons.
835803
In a stable atom, not an ion, the # of electrons equals the # of protons, so potassium would have 19 protons, and 19 electrons.  Protons and Neutrons make up the atomic weight of the atom, so you take the atomic weight and subtract the atomic # and you are left with # of neutrons.  39.0938-19=20 because you round, you can't have a fraction of a neutron.  Therefore, there are 20 neutrons, 19 electrons, and 19 protons.
1179398
That is a very good question. We currently do not know definitively the answer to this question. Thousands of years ago, the Greeks believed that all matter were composed of some indivisble units called "atoms". This was irrefutably proven by Einstein at the turn of the 20th century (and he received a Nobel Prize for it). However, as we probe further, we discovered that even atoms has internal structure: protons, neutrons and electrons. For awhile we thought that was it, but then later we found that protons and neutrons were also made of more fundamental particles called quarks (now confirmed by experiements).\n\nSo is this it? Quarks is the final indivisible unit? It turns out that it is most likely not the case. The reason is not that we have discovered anything smaller than quarks. The reason is because our 2 current theories of the physical world, quantum mechanics and theory of general relativity, are not compatible with each other. What this means is that these 2 theories are not completely correct. They are good for most situations, but they can not explain objects like black holes or explain the big bang (the beginning of the universe). There are other things that these 2 theories can't explain, but I won't go into that right now.\n\nThese serious flaws has been the mother of all physics problems for the most of the 20th century. The Holy Grail of modern physics is to find a single theory that can combine the 2 theories together and explain all physical phenonmenons. So far we have one candidate: Superstring Theory.\n\nSo in our effort to solve this problem, we created String Theory, which tells us that quarks are not the fundamental building blocks of matter, but tiny filaments of vibrating energy called Strings. They are much much smaller than quarks. Quarks are estimated to be about to 10^-16 centimeters, but strings are around 10^-33 centimeters. So is this it? We really don't know for sure, but all the signs points to a yes (I won't explain why here because it's too long and it wasn't your question.).\n\nSo does this imply that matter/energy always existed? The answer is NO. because the universe is about 14 billion years old. That's how long anything has existed, including all the matter and energy.
298477
neutrons\n\nIsotopes have to have the same numbers of protons\nor they'd be different elements.  Since the\nelectrons match up with the protons, the electron\ncount is consistent too.
680011
no one really knows yet.\n\nalthough, at one point, people thought atoms were the smallest particles, now we know about protons, neutrons, and electrons (and now there's a theory that they're made out of something called quarks, but no one really knows what they are)... it's only a matter of time until we find out what they're all made of... and what those things are made of... and what those things are made of... and so on (I seriously doubt it ever ends... like the universe)
282510
There are only 6 neutrons in a carbon atom.  In addition to that there are the 6 protons that make a carbon atom a carbon atom.  Protons and neutrons have nearly the same mass so, and additionally there are 6 electons (very small in mass, comparitively) in an electrically neutral carbon atom so the atomic mass is slightly more than twice the mass of the protons.
464300
Neutrons are made of quarks, yes. As are protons/neutrons (which are just positive/negative neutrons).
737924
You can figure it out.\n\nIf a neutral atom of zinc has an atomic number of 30, and a mass number of 65, then it has 30 protons, 35 neutrons, and 30 electrons.\n\nProtons and neutrons are found in the nucleus.\nSo, draw a circle. Write "30p+" and "35 n" inside it.\nThis represents the nucleus.\n\nIn Bohr's model, electrons orbit the nucleus at specific energy levels. The first level holds up to 2 electrons.\nThe second holds up to 8.\nThe third holds up to 8.\nThe fourth holds up to 18.\nWe use dots to represent electrons.\n\nDraw a ring around the nucleus.\nAdd two dots to the ring, usually at noon and 6:00.\n\nDraw another ring around the first one.  Draw eight dots: two at noon, two at 3:00, two at 6:00, and two at 9:00.\n\nContinue adding rings and electrons.\nYou should end up with twelve dots in the outermost ring.\n\n(Which doesn't correspond with the  Lewis diagram for zinc, but that's  another story....)