what are the thermodynamic laws of the universe?
148999
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. \nOr if systems A and C are in equilibrium and systems B and C are in equilibrium, then A and B are also in equilibrium.\n\nFirst Law: The increase in the internal energy of a system is equal to the amount of energy added to the system by heating, minus the amount lost in the form of work done by the system on its surroundings. \nBasically, the first law is just a statment of energy conservation.\n\nThe Second Law combines two statements. \nThe Kelvin-Planck statement says "It is impossible to construct a device that will operate in a cycle and produce no effect other than the raising of a weight and the exchange of heat with a single reservoir."\nThe Clausius statement says "It is impssible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and produces no effect other than the transfer of heat from a cooler body to a hotter body."\nThese statements combine to say that it is impossible to have heat transfer without losses. It is impossible to move heat, by a cyclical process, from something at lower temperature to something at higher temperature unless work is added to the system.\nEntropy is defined as the "capacity for change" of a system. The second law says that in any process the change in entropy is always greater than zero.\n\nThird Law:  As a system approaches the temperature of absolute zero all processes cease and the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value or zero. But according to the second law, entropy must always be greater than zero, SO temperature can never be at absolute zero.
143351
Every thing and every person is constanting changing in accord with natural laws or in accord with the actions of personal beings.  \n\nThere is an equilibrium between matter and energy.  The concept of endlessly increasing entropy is useful on relatively microcosmic levels, but it does not correctly describe the macrocosm.\n\nThe macrocosm is advancing towards perfection.  The subunits also are, but their progress is somewhat more erratic, particularly in the early stages.
436081
There you have the 2nd (I think) law od thermodynamics.\n\nLook it up, but it's the commonly quoted one about entropy always increasing in a closed system.\n\nIn laymans terms, the amount of disorder always increases, as things naturally seek a lower energy state.  Eventually, when the universe is 'run down' it will consist only of a uniform soup of particles.\n\nFortunately we don't have to worry about that quite yet!"
851241
Entropy -- the second law of thermodynamics.\n\nThis law states that in the absence of other forces, any system becomes less orderly over time.  This is because of the way energy can be converted to different forms but not lost -- most energy that gets used for work transforms into heat, which radiates into space and can't be used to do useful work ever again.  In other words, energy gets used up, and with no more energy input things fall apart into entropy, or complete disorder.\n\nBUT -- the key there is "in the absence of other forces."  We, for example, on earth have our sun which continuously supplies energy to us with which useful work can be done.  As long as there is an external supply of energy, entropy can be avoided.  Once our sun burns out, however, our solar system is indeed doomed to entropy.
1185549
The first law of thermodynamics says that the total quantity of energy in the universe remains constant. This is the principle of the conservation of energy. The second law of thermodynamics states that the quality of this energy is degraded irreversibly. This is the principle of the degradation of energy.
817780
The laws of thermodynamics are valid when measured over time.  You cannot create energy where there was none before.  There can be quantum fluctuations wherein particles, and thus energy, pop into existence from The vacuum, but these particles vanish.  These fluctuations do not actually violate the 2nd law even in their short time frames, because there is energy in the vacuum itself.  The 'big bang' was an event in which the energy of the vacuum spontaneously created matter and other forms of energy.  The 2nd law was not violated.  The energy of the vacuum was simply immense enough to give rise to the universe and the matter and energy in it.
1131830
You're asking a very complicated question using very simplified terms. And yes, given enough time and mathmatics we CAN calculate every aspect of the known and unknown universe. The only problem is, is that we don't understand much at all of the known universe. Not even electricity or what causes Electromotive Force. We have theories, but thats all we have. Einstein spent the rest of his life at Princeton trying to produce the "Theory of Everything". P.S. His Nobel didn't come from his paper on "relativity". Every microsecond or better results in somethings repeating themselves and other things not. Hence "Chaos Theory"! But what really can be counted on at this point are things called "Physical Laws of the Universe", which may change at a given moment. It's good mental masturbation. Try reading the Tao of Physics, if you can find a copy.
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The commonly accepted figure is about 2.73 degree's Kelvin...However, i believe that this figure can never be truely obtained because of what possible temperatures exist near the boundries of the expanding universe.
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An adiabatic ("a" as in "not" + "diabatic", meaning "heat") system is one in which no heat is exchanged with its surroundings. In this case, the First Law of Thermodynamics becomes:\n\nchange in internal energy = -work done by the system\n\nFor example, if a parcel of air expands, doing positive work on its surroundings, its internal energy will drop. Since, internal energy is directly proportional to temperature in an ideal gas, this means the air will cool.
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Ideal gas law\n\nPV=nRT\n\nP is pressure\nV is volume\nn is moles of gas\nR is the ideal gas constant\nT is temperature\n\nGood luck!
459525
Physical cosmology is the branch of physics and astrophysics that deals with the study of the physical origins of the Universe (the Cosmos) and the nature of the Universe on its very largest scales.
812157
The  theory of evolution is based upon  many well placed assumptions. this theory means we guess......................There are undisputable  Laws of Thermodynamics,when understood, that smashes the theory of evolution into a million little pieces. Then we have to look elsewhere for the real source of life!........The two Laws of Thermodynamics stated:1)the first Law is energy conservation. Energy can be converted from  one form to another, yet the total amount of energy remains unchanged .Energy is neither being  created not destroyed at the present  time. 2) the second is the Law of decay. It affirms that although the total amount of energy  remains unchanged there is always atendency for it to become less available for useful work.There is a universal tendency toward DECAY and deteriation,a transition from a more orderly state, to aless orderly  state, finally to deenergization. In other words, the earth is running down...........Notice  the absolute Law fo Thermodynamics that has been proven  and the theory of evolution that CANNOT be proven.Evolution says we are evolving upward  to a better condition. the second absolute  Law of Thermodynamecs proves we aredecaying-not evolving to a better state....The  theory of evolution implies  increasing  organizaton and complexity in the universe and is in effect a doctrine of continuous creation. The first Law of Thermodynamics arrirms that creation is no longer occurring,while the second Law states that the original creation is decreasing in organization and complexity.
174163
thermodynamics?  heat transfer?  physics?
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I think second law of thermodynamics is that physical systems tend to evolve toward states of higher entropy that is toward more disorganization.\n\nIt's not a law in a conventional sense since although rare, and unlikely, something can go from a state of high entropy to one of lower entropy.\n\nIf you toss index cards numbered one through 100 and toss it into air, it's most likely for the cards to land in a random order. But if you toss it enough times, it can land in perfect order, i.e. one to 100.
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The first law is energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.\n\nThe second law is basically the entropy of the universe increases during any spontaneous process.  This is more easily thought of as energy moves from areas of higher energy to areas of lower energy AS LONG AS IT IS NOT PREVENTED from doing so.  In other words, energy disperses unless it's blocked.
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The Second Law merely describes the observed data.  The lower entropy in the past is what is being described by the Second Law.\n\nScience cannot answer why things are as they are, but only can describe them and project into the future, based on the assumption that the future will be like the past.
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It sounds like you are talking about an area of science known as quantum mechanics, though you might be referencing subatomic particle theory.  Yes, the math can be a bit much and the conceptualizations a bit forced.  But not knowing you I am hestitant to say no way.  Maybe you could should start out with little thermodynamics.\n\nThe first site below is one called HyperPhysics.  The link will send you straight to the grid on thermodynmics.  Try tapping the buttons, read and little and see if it makes sense.  I suggest you start with kinetics.  If HyperPhysics doesn't do it for you, try Wikipedia.  If you want to leap in head first the last reference is about string theory, tachyons and all that good stuff.  Good luck and heppy learning.