Would you expect an increase rate of transpiration to increase the rate of mineral absorbtion. Give reasons?
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I'm going to assume you are talking about plants. It depends. More transpiration means more water flows through plants, so of course more nutrients will enter the plant tissue. However, the amount that is actually absorbed for use by the plant is controlled by the plant cells.... excess minerals are usually stored.
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http://www.biologyreference.com/Ve-Z/Water-Movement-in-Plants.html\n\nThe Cohesion-Tension Theory\nThe major mechanism for long-distance water transport is described by the cohesion-tension theory, whereby the driving force of transport is transpiration, that is, the evaporation of water from the leaf surfaces. Water molecules cohere (stick together), and are pulled up the plant by the tension, or pulling force, exerted by evaporation at the leaf surface.\n\nWater will always move toward a site with lower water potential, which is a measure of the chemical free energy of water. By definition, pure water has a water potential of 0 MegaPascals (MPa). In contrast, at 20 percent relative humidity, the water potential of the atmosphere is -500 MPa. This difference signifies that water will tend to evaporate into the atmosphere. The water within plants also has a negative potential, indicating water will tend to evaporate into the air from the leaf. The leaves of crop plants often function at -1 MPa, and some desert plants can tolerate leaf water potentials as low as -10 MPa. The water in plants can exist at such low water potentials due to the cohesive forces of water molecules. The chemical structure of water molecules is such that they cohere very strongly. By the cohesion-tension theory, when sunlight strikes a leaf, the resultant evaporation first causes a drop in leaf water potential. This causes water to move from stem to leaf, lowering the water potential in the stem, which in turn causes water to move from root to stem, and soil to root. This serves to pull water up through the xylem tissue of the plant.\nFrom Root to Leaf\nPlants have root hairs and often mycorrhizal fungi at the root surface, both of which serve to filter the soil water as it enters the plant. Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between plant roots and fungi. The root cells and mycorrhizal fungi both actively uptake certain mineral nutrients. Mycorrhizae can be particularly important for the uptake of phosphate. The active uptake of minerals by living cells of the root and the subsequent transfer of minerals to the xylem can result in positive root pressures, with water potentials above 0 MPa. This occurs only under certain conditions, such as at night or during rainstorms, when water loss from the leaves is minimal. Such positive root pressures disappear with the onset of leaf transpiration.\n\nWater molecules move from the soil into living cells of the root, and eventually into the transport cells of the xylem, known as tracheids and vessels. These xylem cells are dead and hollow, allowing rapid water transport. They also have hardened cell walls to help them resist the tendency to collapse as water is sucked through them. Both tracheids and vessels \n\n \nA drop of guttation, water extruded by a plant's root pressure, on a blade of grass. have pits on the sides of their walls, which include porous areas for side-to-side transport. Unlike tracheids, a vessel is composed of many cells stacked end to end, with perforations between cells, allowing for more efficient transport.\n\nThe long-distance transport of the water molecule occurs first within the xylem cells of the root, then the xylem of the stem and branch, and then into the xylem of a leaf midrib and vein. Driven by transpiration, the water molecule is pulled from the nonliving tracheids and vessels of the xylem in the living cells of the leaf mesophyll (middle layer) and to the surface of mesophyll cell walls. The water molecule then evaporates into a leaf inter-cellular air space and finally out of a stomatal pore and into the atmosphere. Though photosynthetic action consumes some water, only a small fraction of the water that travels through the plant is used directly for the photo-synthetic reaction, which occurs in leaf mesophyll cells. Instead, most water is lost by transpiration through the stomates.\nThe Role of Stomates\nLeaves of land plants are covered with a waxy cuticle that pr
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No, it's purely dependent on the concentration of dissolved material in the water (usually limestone/calcium carbonate). The more dissolved limestone, the more rapid growth of stagtites/stalagmites.
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That's a better question!\n\nHmmm....Let's see....Gee, that's a tough one!  Osmosis requires a concentration gradient, but since seawater is more concentrated than freshwater, you would expect the concentration gradients to be opposite, and you would expect that osmosis would work in one and active transport would be required in the other.\n\nHmmm.....let's see now....what could it be?\n\nCould it be something that is more concentrated in seawater AND freswater than it is in the cell?  Hmmm....let's see, what could that be?\n\nOH!  I'VE GOT IT!!\n\nThink hard, now, and you'll get it, too!  The answer is a little unexpected!  (you might even have to look in your textbook or class notes...hope you weren't sleeping that day!)
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It would result in an increase of the pH of the aqueous solution.
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Simply that during the induction period, the actual concentrations may not be 100% homogeneous and the rates will increase of decrease from theoretical.  This is much more important with macromolecules, but can be seen in other cases.  See\n\nwww.uem.mz/faculdade/ciencias/ ciencias_revista/textos/elalves.pdf\n\ndx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1954769\n\nwww.platinummetalsreview.com/ dynamic/article/view/50-2-54-63\n\nwww.citadel.edu/chemistry/scas2005.pdf
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Transpiration.\n\nYou can write your own 2-3 sentences to answer your homework.\n\nHere's a link from which you can cut and paste.
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The pH value would increase, by how much would depend on the volume and concentration of the sodium hydroxide used.\n\n2.0Molar would have a much greater effect than 0.1Molar in the same volumes added to your water.
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It is due to a change in the mass as the volume of water changes.
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Economic Considerations\n\nResearch has shown that if the soil test is below the desired level, application of phosphorus will provide yield increases that will not only pay for the treatment, but also provide additional income beyond the cost of the treatment. If the soil test is above the cut-off point, i.e. more than 20 pounds above the desired level, it will be in the best interest of the farmer to invest his capital in inputs other than phosphorus as such an addition will not result in a yield increase.\n\nLand tenure and/or availability of capital also affect the economic rate of application. For those individuals that have limited or unknown tenure, or limited capital, it is suggested that they extend the build-up period from the recommended 4 year period to 6 years or in some cases longer. Other than for the most deficient soils, this will not have an adverse impact on yield.\nEnvironmental Considerations:\n\nThere is no documented evidence that excess phosphorus in water supplies creates a human health hazard. Rather, when phosphorus enters surface waters in substantial concentration, it becomes a pollutant by contributing to excessive growth of algae and other aquatic plants, and, thus to accelerated eutrophication of surface waters.\n\nEutrophication is the process where through nutrient enrichment of surface waters, algae and other aquatic plant growth is increased. This associated increase in aquatic plant growth and their ultimate decomposition limits the use of surface waters for recreation, fisheries, industry, and drinking. In most water bodies, phosphorus is the element most limiting for plant growth. When critical concentrations of phosphorus are exceeded by environmental pollution, eutrophication occurs. The critical concentration of phosphorus for eutrophication that is frequently cited is 0.01 parts per million (ppm).\n\nPhosphorus contamination of surface waters comes from point source emissions (industry and waste water from sewage treatment systems) and non-point sources with agriculture being the primary non-point source. Over the last couple of decades, point source contamination has been markedly decreased. As a result, agriculture has been designated as the primary source of phosphorus entering surface waters. The primary mechanisms by which agriculture contributes phosphorus to surface water is through runoff and erosion. Movement of phosphorus through tile does occur on sandy and organic soils and through macropores of fine textured soils. Studies in the U.S. have found very low concentrations of dissolved phosphorus in tile line effluents, but frequently they exceed a projected critical value of 0.01 ppm phosphorus. If the sorption capacity of the profile of a fine textured soil were to become phosphorus saturated to near the depth of tile lines, there would be a continual excessive supply of bioavailable phosphorus in that tile line outflow. If accepted agronomic practices are followed for phosphorus management, phosphorus released in tile line flow will be minimal.\n\nPhosphorus from agricultural sources enters the stream as either dissolved phosphorus or particulate phosphorus. Dissolved phosphorus is comprised mostly of orthophosphate which is immediately available for uptake by algae. Particulate phosphorus is attached to soil and organic matter particles and as such is not immediately available for plant use. The fate of particulate phosphorus is dependent on the characteristics of the receiving water body. If the existing sediment is low in phosphorus, a portion of the dissolved phosphorus may be sorbed to the sediment. However, if the sediment entering the water body is high in particulate phosphorus, a portion of it may be desorbed into dissolved phosphorus over a prolonged period of time.\n\nThere are several factors that influence the rate of movement of phosphorus from agricultural lands. These include inherent soil phosphorus level, tillage, ground cover, rate and method of applicat
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The transport will be proportional to the concentration.  Higher concentration faster extraction.
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Yes - higher and lower pH's and different mineral contents affect plants. The safest bet would be to get the plant in the right conditions, and then water with the purest water available, preferably distilled.
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1.it will be more\n\n2.it will be same\n\n3.it helps in respiration and transpiration and the reactions
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I think there is some over-generalizing going on here. \n\nThe short answer: Granite is going to be more susceptible where its crystalline grain structure can be attacked by mechanical weathering. Limestone is going to be more susceptible where its softness is a disadvantage to mechanical weathering. For many types of mechanical weathering there is going to be little difference. \n\nHave you ever been to Yosemite? Half Dome, in the famous photographs by Ansel Adams is a perfect example of exfoliation of granite in sheets. This is a mechanical weathering process related to pressure release. Granite might be more susceptible to this (I am speculating) but only because it is often being unburied from much greater depths. Jointing in limestone is often related to pressure release. \n\nTo answer this question properly you need to consider the different types of mechanical weathering. I will compare the ones I can think of.\n1. Exfoliation caused by pressure release:  From my own field observations in areas where glacial unloading has occurred I would say that this affects both granite and limestone in a similar manner. Both will break off in sheets or blocks. \n\n2. Exfoliation is caused by temperature change: I have no quantitative proof but my opinion based on observation is that limestone is less susceptible to this because it is held together by cement and internal porosity probably has some ability to absorb differential expansion. Granite on the other hand is composed of crystalline grains that have different expansion rates and are likely to split apart. \n\n3. Freeze-thaw: Limestone does have bedding planes, and often has jointing as well, that is susceptible to this.  Some limestone has open porosity that also will be subject to some freeze expansion. Probably limestone is more vulnerable to this. Granite is going to be slightly susceptible to this only to the extent that water can penetrate it or to the extent it has been jointed or weakened by exfoliation. \n\n\n4.  Abrasion: Wind erosion affects both limestone and granite. Limestone is softer so windblown sand grains are more likely to erode the limestone. \n\n5. Salt-crystal growth: This is very common in coastal settings and sometimes in desert settings where moisture in the air is likely to contain some salts. Many of these salts will expand as the moisture that carried them evaporates. Heat will also cause them to expand.  I would say that granite is again more susceptible because of its crystalline grain structure. However, there is a special situation for limestone that few people who have never been in a cave have ever observed. Limestone often contains small deposits of anhydrite within the limestone. Anhydrite is unstable under surface pressures and tends to absorb water becoming gypsum. It expands as it does this and causes the limestone to break, often in sheets, but sometimes in blocks.  In many caves this is a primary cause of ceiling collapse and it can even result in stoping (raising the ceiling of the cave upward). \n\n6. Trees, plants: I doubt that there is any difference here. Some granite might provide more nutrients from chemical weathering to plants than limestone does, and so encourage its own destruction by plant roots, but both rocks are going to be susceptible. \n\n7. Tectonic and regional jointing: Tectonic events can cause fracturing in both types of rock. Limestone might be more flexible and be less susceptible to fracturing from mild folding. Regional jointing is related to pressure release and depends more on the burial and unroofing history than the type of rock. I don’t think either one is going to be more or less susceptible in most situations. Limestone often exhibits joints that can be traced for tens of miles that are related to regional stress regimes (both shear and extensional) and I believe that granite will produce similar joints.  You might be surprised to learn that the shear strength of granite and limestone are very similar
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If you're speaking of passive diffusion across the membrane, heat will increase the fluidity of the membrane making it more permeable.\n\nWith facilitated diffusion, involving a tranmembrane enzyme, the permeability increases to a point, and then decreases as the enzymatic structure is degraded
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Increase Co2 result in the more production of sucrose in the guard cells.That increases its osmotic potential.Water from adjoining cells rush in.Resulting increase in it's opening.
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It's not C.  An increase in pH makes a solution more alkaline, meaning less H+ in the fluids.\n\nI'm going to say A here because a rise in pH is associated with increased O2 binding to hemoglobin.