what isk the difference between somatic motor and autonic pathways?
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Somatic pathways send signals to your body that a person has conscious control over.  These pathways are responsible for moving muscles.  example: running, making a fist, moving your eyeball, etc.\nAutonomic pathways send signals to your body that a person does not have conscious control over.  These pathways are responsible for your reflexs.  example: when you stick your hand in a fire, your hand will pull back before your brain/consciousness sends a message to pull back the hand, heart beating, lungs breathing, etc.\n\nThe overall difference is the component parts of the pathways (what kind of neurons) and to what part of the brain the pathways lead to (motor cortex/etc or brainstem)
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Nervous system is devided in to two parts: central(CNS) and peripheral nervous systems(PNS).CNS is the brain and the spinal cord,PNS is composed of many nerves that contains neurones (nerve fibers),these neurones are of two types,Efferent(sensory) neurones carry the messages from the different body organs to the CNS,while the afferent(motor) neurones carry the messages from the CNS back to the different organs. When any part of the system is stimulated by any stimulant;whether it is external or internal,this stimulation will be carried as a message to the CNS where it is translated and then appropriate action is planned, this action then is carried by the motor neurones back to target cells or organs to carry on the plan of action tward that stimulant...It's  a complicated process that really shows the power of the creator who designed it---our lord
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This is called the "sensory homunculus" and the "motor homunculus" diagrams.  Do a google image search for either of these terms:\n\nHere are many versions of the "sensory homunculus" diagram.\nhttp://images.google.com/images?svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&q=sensory+homunculus&btnG=Search\n\nAnd here's the "motor homunculus" diagram:\nhttp://images.google.com/images?svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&q=motor+homunculus&btnG=Search\n\nI found a version here:\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal_nerve#Touch.2FPosition_Sensation\n\nThe following page has a more explanatory version, but the above is more up-to-date:\nhttp://www.karger.com/gazette/67/Field/art_4.htm
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Here is a very good article that explains the differences:\n\nhttp://experts.about.com/q/Rave-House-Techno-2974/Techno-Trance-Dance.htm
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Automation is automated via robots.\nCNC machine is an automation tool.
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Central Nervous System (CNS) includes the brain the spinal cord. Then the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. \nThe somatic nervous system is responsible for coordinating the body's movements, and also for receiving external stimuli. It is the system that regulates activities that are under conscious control.\nThe autonomic nervous system is then split into the sympathetic division, parasympathetic division, and enteric division.\n\nHope i have helped you.....\nby the way.. your heart is part of your nervous system.... you can read it in the site below....
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(m)\n\nParkinson's disease (paralysis agitans or PD) is a movement disorder often characterized by muscle rigidity, tremor, a slowing of physical movement (bradykinesia), and in extreme cases, a loss of physical movement (akinesia). The primary symptoms are due to excessive muscle contraction, normally caused by the insufficient formation and action of dopamine, which is produced in the dopaminergic neurons of the brain. Parkinson's disease was first formally recognised and its symptoms documented in 1817 in An Essay on the Shaking Palsy by the British physician Dr James Parkinson; the associated biochemical changes in the brain of patients were identified in the 1960s.\n\nParkinson disease affects movement (motor symptoms). Typical other symptoms include disorders of mood, behavior, thinking, and sensation (non-motor symptoms). Individual patients' symptoms may be quite dissimilar; progression is also distinctly individual. There are four major dopamine pathways in the brain; the nigrostriatal pathway, referred to above, mediates movement and is the most conspicuously affected in early Parkinson's disease. The other pathways are the mesocortical, the mesolimbic, and the tuberoinfundibular. These pathways are associated with, respectively: volition and emotional responsiveness; desire, initiative, and reward; and sensory processes and maternal behavior. Reduction in dopamine along the non-striatal pathways is the likely explanation for much of the neuropsychiatric pathology associated with Parkinson's disease.
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I. COMPARISON OF SOMATIC AND AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEMS (ANS)\n\n     A. Sensory neurons of the somatic nervous system receive input from the special senses, general somatic senses, and proprioceptors; sensory neurons of the ANS receive input from the special senses, general visceral senses, and general somatic senses.\n\n     B. The somatic nervous system operates under conscious control; the ANS operates without conscious control.\n    \n     C. The axons of the motor neurons of the somatic nervous system extend from the CNS synapse directly to an effector and release acetylcholine, whereas autonomic pathways consist of two sets of motor (efferent) neurons.\n\n        1. The axon of the first (preganglionic) motor neuron of the ANS extends from the CNS and synapses in a ganglion with the second neuron.\n        2. The second (postganglionic) motor neuron synapses on an effector. Preganglionic fibers release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and postganglionic fibers release acetylcholine or norepinephrine. \n\n     D. Somatic nervous system effectors are skeletal muscles, and ANS effectors include cardiac and smooth muscle, and glands.\n    \n     E. The somatic nervous system responds to neurotransmitters as excitation while the ANS response to neurotransmitters is excitation or inhibition.\n\n     F. A summary of the similarities of and differences between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems is presented.\n\n     G. The output (efferent) part of the ANS is divided into two principal parts: the sympathetic and the parasympathetic. Organs that receive impulses from both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers are said to have dual innervation. III. \n\nANATOMY OF AUTONOMIC MOTOR PATHWAYS\n\n     A. Overview\n\n        1. Preganglionic neurons are myelinated; postganglionic neurons are unmyelinated.\n         2. The first of two autonomic motor neurons is called a preganglionic neuron.\n             a. Its cell body is in the brain or spinal cord.\n             b. Its myelinated axon, called a preganglionic fiber pathway, passes out of the CNS as part of a cranial or spinal nerve, later separating from the nerve and extending to an autonomic ganglion where it synapses with the postganglionic neuron.\n        3. The postganglionic neuron pathway, the second neuron in the autonomic motor circuit, lies entirely outside the CNS.\n            a. Its cell body and dendrites are located in an autonomic ganglion, where it makes synapses with one or more preganglionic fibers.\n            b. The axon of a postganglionic neuron, the postganglionic fiber, is unmyelinated and terminates in a visceral effector. \n         4. The cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are in the lateral gray homs of the 12 thoracic and first 2 or 3 lumbar segments; the cell bodies of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are in cranial nerve nuclei (III, VII, IX, and X) in the brain stem and lateral gray horns of the second through fourth sacral segments of the cord.\n         5. Autonomic ganglia are classified as:\n              a. sympathetic trunk (vertebral chain) ganglia (on both sides of spinal column)\n              b. prevertebral (collateral) ganglia (anterior to spinal column);\n              c. parasympathetic terminal (intramural) ganglia (near or inside visceral effectors). 6. In addition to autonomic ganglia, the ANS contains autonomic plexuses. \n\n     B. Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions\n\n         1. Sympathetic preganglionic neurons synapses with postganglionic neurons in ganglia of the sympathetic trunk or prevertebral ganglia.\n         2. Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons synapses with postganglionic neurons in terminal ganglia.\n        3. The salient anatomical features of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are compared. \n\nTransmission of Autonomic Stimuli\n\nLike other nerves, those of the autonomic nervous system convey their messages to the appropriate end organs (blood vessels, viscera,
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nervous system\n\nendocrine system
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May I recommend you to explore http://www.ismeta.org/ and http://www.somatics.com/; especially look at http://www.somatics.com/page2.htm.
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There are 4 primary dopaminergic pathways in the brain.\n\n1.  Mesocortical pathway: http://grad.uchc.edu/phdfaculty/images/antic/antic1.jpg  \n\n2.  Mesolimbic pathway:\nhttp://www.atforum.com/SiteRoot/images/GIFS/pg8.gif  or\nhttp://www.chemsoc.org/exemplarchem/entries/2004/nottingham_chong/steph/Scan10001.JPG or\nhttp://www2.alasbimnjournal.cl/AlasbimnImages/aj21-gardner-fig01a.jpg or\nhttp://homepage.psy.utexas.edu/homepage/class/Psy301/Salinas/sec2/Brain/30.GIF\n\n3.  Nigrostriatal pathway:\nhttp://www.cnsforum.com/content/pictures/imagebank/hirespng/Neuro_path_DA_SCH.png\n\n\n4.  Tuberoinfundibular pathway \n\nhttp://www2.alasbimnjournal.cl/AlasbimnImages/aj21-gardner-fig01a.jpg  in this figure, "The tuberoinfundibular tract originate from cells in the arcuate nucleus projecting to the median eminence.".  \n\nGood luck with whatever you need these for
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Autonomic nervous system
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Somatic Experiencing is for people who have suffered trauma. The broad scope of traumatic life events can include accidents, abuse, birth trauma, illness, medical trauma, natural disasters, and violence. Somatic Experiencing addresses how the human triune brain (made up of the Neocortex, Limbic System, and Primitive Brain), functions in a complex, highly interconnected network to handle the experience of traumatic events. This therapy allows individuals to reinstate at a nervous system and muscular level the instinctual defensive and orientating responses lost or truncated through trauma. \n\nhere is a good first hand patient account of this type of work: \nhttp://www.thinkbody.co.uk/body-psych/somatic-trauma.htm\n\nThe procedure, which is normally done in a face-to-face session similar to psychotherapy, involves a client tracking his or her own felt-sense experience, much as is done in Eugene Gendlin's Focusing. Pracitioners of Somatic Experiencing are often also psychotherapists, Rolfers or BodyWorkers.
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The central nervous system is made up of the brain and the spinal cord. \nThe peripheral nervous systems is structurally made up of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia and sensory receptors( eye, ears etc.) Functionally, the PNS is divided into somatic and autonomic. The somatic system is under our control and involves skeletal muscle contraction. The autonomic system is further subdivided into parasympathetic and sympathetic. The  parasympathetic is the system responsible for everyday function such as digestion etc.; it is known as the rest or repose system. The sympathetic acts only when in a stress situation and is related to survival; it is known as the fight or flight system.
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"The muscle fibers making up the single-unit muscle are gathered into dense sheets or bands. Though the fibers run roughly parallel, they are densely and irregularly packed together, most often so that the narrower portion of one fiber lies against the wider portion of its neighbor. These fibers have connections, the plasma membranes of two neighboring fibers form gap junctions that act as low resistance pathway for the rapid spread of electrical signals throughout the tissue. The multi-unit smooth muscle fibers have no interconnecting bridges. They are mingled with connective tissue fibers."\n\n"Smooth muscle is primarily under the control of autonomic nervous system, whereas skeletal muscle is under the control of the somatic nervous system. The single-unit smooth muscle has pacemaker regions where contractions are spontaneously and rhythmically generated. The fibers contract in unison, that is the single unit of smooth muscle is syncytial. The fibers of multi-unit smooth muscle are innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers and respond independently from each other upon nerve stimulation."\n\nfor more info see the website listed in as my source...the contents I quoted were taken directly from there.
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Look here:  http://www.analytictech.com/mb021/organic_vs_mechanistic_structure.htm
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the two-neuron arc is going to be faster than the three-neuron one.  two connected neurons form a shorter chain than three therefore the reflex is going to be faster.