ancient china han dynasty government?
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The Chinese people consider the reign of the Han Dynasty which lasted for 400 years to be one of the greatest periods in the entire history of China. As a result, the members of the ethnic majority of Chinese people to this day still call themselves "people of Han," in honor of the Liu family and the dynasty they created.\n\nDuring the Han Dynasty, China officially became a Confucian state and prospered domestically: agriculture, handicrafts and commerce flourished, and the population reached 50 million. Meanwhile, the empire extended its political and cultural influence over Vietnam, Central Asia, Mongolia, and Korea before it finally collapsed under a combination of domestic and external pressures.\n\nIt is fair enough to state that the contemporary empires of the Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire were the two superpowers of the known world. Several Roman embassies to China are recounted in Chinese history, starting with a Hou Hanshu (History of the Later Han) account of a Roman convoy set out by emperor Antoninus Pius that reached the Chinese capital Luoyang in 166 and was greeted by Emperor Huan.\n\nThe Han dynasty was notable also for its military prowess. The empire expanded westward as far as the rim of the Tarim Basin (in modern Xinjiang-Uyghur Autonomous Region), making possible relatively secure caravan traffic across Central Asia. The paths of caravan traffic are often called the "Silk Road" because the route was used to export Chinese silk. Chinese armies also invaded and annexed parts of northern Vietnam and northern Korea (Wiman Joseon) toward the end of the 2nd century BC. Han control of peripheral regions was generally insecure, however. To ensure peace with non-Chinese local powers, the Han court developed a mutually beneficial "tributary system." Non-Chinese states were allowed to remain autonomous in exchange for symbolic acceptance of Han overlordship. Tributary ties were confirmed and strengthened through intermarriages at the ruling level and periodic exchanges of gifts and goods.\n\n\nSee full detailed report at link below:
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China (listen (help·info); Traditional Chinese: 中國; Simplified Chinese: 中国; Hanyu Pinyin: Zhōngguó; Wade-Giles: Chung-kuo; Tongyong Pinyin: Jhōngguó) is a geographical region in East Asia and Central Asia. With over one-fifth of the world's population, the majority of China exists today as a state known as the People's Republic of China, but it also refers to a long-standing civilization comprising successive states and cultures dating back more than 4,000 years.\n\nWith one of the world's longest periods of mostly uninterrupted civilization and the world's longest continuously used written language system, China's history has been largely characterized by repeated divisions and reunifications amid alternating periods of peace and war, and violent imperial dynastic change. The country's territorial extent expanded outwards from a core area in the North China Plain, and varied according to its changing fortunes to include multiple regions of East, Northeast, and Central Asia. (The term "China proper" is used by some observers and historians to describe the core territory historically home to the majority Han Chinese, as opposed to lands associated later with China such as what is now Xinjiang.) For centuries, Imperial China was also one of the world's most technologically advanced civilizations, and East Asia's dominant cultural influence, with an impact lasting to the present day.\n\nBy the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, however, China's political, economic, and military influence declined relative to the growing regional power of Japan and the influence of Western powers. The imperial system in China ended with the establishment of the Republic of China (ROC) under Sun Yat-sen in 1912; however, the next four decades of ROC rule were marred by warlord control, the Second Sino-Japanese War during which the Empire of Japan occupied large parts of China, and the Chinese Civil War which pitted Chinese Nationalists against the Communist forces.\n\nAfter its victory in the Chinese Civil War, the Communist Party of China under Mao Zedong established the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, forcing the Nationalists to retreat and relocate the ROC government to the island of Taiwan, which it had governed since the end of World War II. Since then, the ROC has maintained administrative control over Taiwan, the Pescadores Islands, several islands off the coast of Fujian province including Kinmen and the Matsu Islands, and some islands in the South China Sea.\n\nHome to one of the world's oldest and most complex civilizations, China boasts a history rich in over 5,000 years of artistic, philosophical, and political advancement. Though regional differences provide a sense of diversity, commonalities in language and religion connect a culture distinguished by such universally significant contributions as Confucianism. Credited with shaping much of Chinese thought, Confucianism was the official philosophy throughout most of Imperial China's history, and mastery of Confucian texts provided the primary criterion for entry into the imperial bureaucracy.\n\nWith the rise of Western economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, however, non-Chinese systems of social and political organization gained adherents in China. Some of these would-be reformers totally rejected China's cultural legacy, while others sought to combine the strengths of Chinese and Western cultures. In essence, the history of 20th Century China is one of experimentation to find a new system of social, political, and economic organization that would allow for the reintegration of the nation in the wake of dynastic collapse.\n\nChinese art has varied throughout its ancient history, divided into periods by the ruling dynasties of China and changing technology, as well as influenced by great philosophers, teachers and religion. Early forms of art in China were made from potte
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Executive branch: chief of state: President HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) and Vice President ZENG Qinghong (since 15 March 2003)\nhead of government: Premier WEN Jiabao (since 16 March 2003); Vice Premiers HUANG Ju (since 17 March 2003), WU Yi (17 March 2003), ZENG Peiyan (since 17 March 2003), and HUI Liangyu (since 17 March 2003)
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For China check here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China#History and for Japan check here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan#History\n\nGood Luck too you!!!
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The Great Wall of China (Simplified Chinese: 万里长城; Traditional Chinese: 萬里長城; Pinyin: Wànlĭ Chángchéng; literally "10,000 Li¹ long wall") is a Chinese fortification built from 3rd century BC until the beginning of the 17th century, in order to protect the various dynasties from raids by Mongol, Turkic, and other nomadic tribes coming from areas in modern-day Mongolia and Manchuria. Several walls were built since the 3rd century BC, the most famous being the Great Wall built between 220 BC and 200 BC by the First Emperor, Qin Shi Huangdi, which was located much further north than the current Great Wall of China built during the Ming Dynasty, and little remains.\n\nThe Wall stretches over a formidable 6,352 km (3,948 miles), from Shanhai Pass on the Bohai Sea in the east, at the limit between China proper and Manchuria, to Lop Nur in the southeastern portion of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (refer to University of Washington: A. The Main Caravan
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Economy in the Han empire\n\nThe empire expanded westward as far as the rim of the Tarim Basin (in modern Xinjiang-Uyghur Autonomous Region), making possible relatively secure caravan traffic across Central Asia. The paths of caravan traffic are often called the "Silk Road" because the route was used to export Chinese silk. Chinese armies also invaded and annexed parts of northern Vietnam and northern Korea (Wiman Joseon) toward the end of the 2nd century BC. Han control of peripheral regions was generally insecure, however. To ensure peace with non-Chinese local powers, the Han court developed a mutually beneficial "tributary system." Non-Chinese states were allowed to remain autonomous in exchange for symbolic acceptance of Han overlordship. Tributary ties were confirmed and strengthened through intermarriages at the ruling level and periodic exchanges of gifts and goods.
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The Egyptian, Sumerian and the other early civilizations are considered to have collapsed and to have died and were absorbed into other civilizations unlike the Chinese civilization which is the last of the ancients that is still active as such. Some may consider the end of the monarchy of China to be an end; but not so. It is still a separate and existing continous state whereas Egypt had been absorbed into the Roman Empire then later by the Arabs in 642 AD. This totally changed Egyptian civilization and so went the vestiges of the Ancient Egyptian way of life .\n\nArchaeologists Revise Age of China's Civilization \n\nA group of Chinese archaeologists --revising the orthodox theory that China's civilization originated 5,000 years -- believe the nation's roots can be traced back 8,000 to 10,000 years. \n\nThey have unearthed China's earliest painting, writing, colored pottery, crop seed strain specimen and buildings showing the development from a rural to an urban society at Dadiwan Ruins in northwest China's Gansu province. \n\nThese early cultural relics, so far unrecorded in any historical book, belong to five ancient periods dating back to 8,000 years ago. \n\nProf. Li Xueqin, the prestigious researcher on the ancient history of China, said the discovery at Dadiwan Ruins suggested that the origins of China's civilization could be far earlier than the Shang Dynasty (16th to 11th century B.C.) and even the Xia Dynasty (2200 B.C. - 1700 B.C.). \n\nResearch findings at the Jinsha Ruins (or the ruin by the Jinsha river, one upstream tributary of China's longest Yangtze river) in southwestern Sichuan province, the 5,000-year-old Liangzhu Culture in east China's Zhejiang province and a number of other sites have yielded evidence showing they pre-existed the Xia Dynasty, the oldest period of China's recorded history. \n\nShi Shi, director of the Chinese Nationalities History Research Institute, noted that as early as 1997 that Chinese history could stretch back 10,000 years instead of the generally accepted 5,000 years. \n\nWithin the confinement of limited knowledge and historical data from that period, Si Maqian, a world-renowned ancient historian, set forth a theory in his book "Record of the Historian" that the Chinese civilization began with Huang Di and Yan Di, two most revered, brilliant legendary ancestors of the Chinese nation. His theory was later accepted by other scholars and experts in the ensuing historical periods and handed down to this very day, Shi said. \n\nNew archaeological, anthropological and folklore discoveries, nevertheless, indicate that the roots of the Chinese civilization started before Huang Di, he added. \n\nWang Wei, deputy director of the Institute of Archaeology under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said, "The invaluable cultural objects unearthed at the Dadiwan Ruins reflect the prehistoric cultural development on the upper reaches of the Yellow River, which had long been dubbed as the cradle of the Chinese civilization. They form a complete cultural chain in our research of the period 8,000 to 5,000 years ago." \n\nArchaeologists in China have excavated more than 200 colored pottery items dating back 8,000 years, believed to be the earliest of their kind ever found in China. \n\nThis latest discovery proves the country's pottery are as old as that found in other ancient countries and rejected and gave a lie to the conclusion that pottery manufacture in China was introduced from the West. \n\nThe archaeologists also excavated a unique, ancient village site comprising 240 houses with a combined floor space of some 500,000 square meters, which were classified into three grades, respectively for the chieftain, clan leaders and ordinary members. It contains a 420-square-meter hall for holding sacrificial rites and other ceremonial public events and activities. \n\nIt shows the evidence of evolution to urban development and a higher
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The country that is still going by the same name as when it was founded is: CHINA. It was unified under that name in about 225 B.C.E.\n\nThe oldest area of civilization is Mesopotamia, but of course it's now called Iraq. I think the first paragraph is what you meant.
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They can have either, especially as both have been dead for decades.\nPerhaps, someone new would help.\nYour first answerrer raises an even bizarrer concept of asking you to speak to an 'older' Chinese person regarding Lao-tse, Confucius et al, and that Chinese person would have to be about 4000 years old. Good luck in finding one that old, but the current communist government does stay within the confines of Confucian guidance on the behaviour of the state. As for Lao, well that's the shaolins job.
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China - follow ( use yahoo answers if no link opens)
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The first dynasty according to Chinese sources was the Xia Dynasty,\n\nHowever, the first reliable historical dynasty is the Shang, who settled along the Huang He River from eastern China, dating from the 18th to the 12th centuries BC.
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http://blue.butler.edu/~jfmcgrat/china/religion1.htm\n\nhttp://www.historyforkids.org/learn/china/religion/index.htm\n\nhttp://www2.kenyon.edu/Depts/Religion/Fac/Adler/Reln270/LINKS270.htm
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The Chinese Government is ruled by the Communist Party.  The details of the government are included on the attached site.
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China was ruled by emperors. They justified their rule using a concept called the mandate of heaven, which is similar to the divine right theory of European kings.  Depending upon the time period, their economy was for the most part based on agriculture, and they kept themselves pretty isolated. Government philosophy was based on Confucian philosophy
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Qin Shi Huang, the First Emperor of China was a controversial leader, with contradictions ranging from a brutal tyrant to a peculiar but great leader, and the eternal emperor in China.
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China (listen ▶ (help·info); Traditional Chinese: 中國; Simplified Chinese: 中国; Hanyu Pinyin: Zhōngguó; Wade-Giles: Chung-kuo) is a geographical region in East Asia. With over one-fifth of the world's population, the majority of China exists today as a communist state, the People's Republic of China, but it also refers to a long-standing civilization comprising successive states and cultures dating back nearly 5,000 years.\n\nWith one of the world's longest periods of mostly uninterrupted civilization and the world's longest continuously used written language system, China's history has been largely characterized by repeated divisions and reunifications amid alternating periods of peace and war, and violent imperial dynastic change. The country's territorial extent expanded outwards from a core area in the North China Plain, and varied according to its moving fortunes to include multiple regions of East, Northeast, and Central Asia. For centuries, Imperial China was also one of the world's most technologically advanced civilizations, and East Asia's dominant cultural influence, with an impact lasting to the present day throughout the region.\n\nBy the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, however, China's political, economic, and military influence declined relative to the growing regional power of Japan and the influence of Western powers. Semi-colonialism developed by the late nineteenth century in parts of China, and the country was invaded by the Empire of Japan during World War II. The imperial system in China ended with the establishment of the Republic of China (ROC) under Sun Yat-sen in 1912; however, the next four decades of ROC rule were marred by warlord control, the Second Sino-Japanese War (WWII), and the Chinese Civil War which pitted Chinese Nationalists against the Communist forces.\n\nAfter its victory in the Chinese Civil War, the Communist Party of China under Mao Zedong established the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, forcing the Nationalists to retreat and relocate the ROC government to the island of Taiwan, which it had governed since the end of World War II. Since then, the ROC has maintained administrative control over Taiwan, the Pescadores, several islands off the coast of Fujian province, and some islands in the South China Sea.\n\nHome to one of the world's oldest and most complex civilizations, China boasts a history rich in over 5,000 years of artistic, philosophical, and political advancement. Though regional differences provide a sense of diversity, commonalities in language and religion connect a culture distinguished by such universally significant contributions as Confucianism. Credited with shaping much of Chinese thought, Confucianism was the official philosophy throughout most of Imperial China's history, and mastery of Confucian texts provided the primary criterion for entry into the imperial bureaucracy.\n\nWith the rise of Western economic and military power at the turn of the last century, however, non-Chinese systems of social and political organization gained adherents in China. Some of these would-be reformers totally rejected China's cultural legacy, while others sought to combine the strengths of Chinese and Western cultures. In essence, the history of 20th Century China is one of experimentation to find a new system of social, political, and economic organization that would allow for the reintegration of the nation in the wake of dynastic collapse.\n\nArts\nMain article: Chinese art \nChinese art has varied throughout its ancient history, divided into periods by the ruling dynasties of China and changing technology, as well as influenced by great philosophers, teachers and religion. Early forms of art in China were made from pottery and jade in the Neolithic period, to which was added bronze in the Shang Dynasty. The Shang are most remembered for their bronze casting, noted for its clarity of detail. Earl
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Democracy \nA system of government where the people rule.  \n\nRepresentative Democracy \nA democracy where the people elect representatives to rule for them.  \n\nConstitutional Monarchy \nA monarchy where the monarch is a figurehead. The country is ruled through elected Parliment Members. This monarchy also has a constitution.  \n\nMonarchy \nA system of government in which a king/queen/emperor etc. is the sole and absolute ruler. The right to rule was usually passed down to the eldest son, from the current monarch, when he/she died.  \n\nOligarchy \nA system of government in which a few people rule.  \n\nAristocracy \nA system of government in which a few people rule, usually the richest, and higher class. The right to rule was passed down within the family.  \n\nTyranny \nA system of government where a ruler has total power, not limited by a constitution or\nby other officials; especially one in ancient Greece. This ruler seizes power often by force, and rules single-handedly. In ancient Greece a tyrant often ruled fairly and justly and got important things done quickly. Many were very popular.  \n\nDictatorship \nA system of government in which one person has seized power violently, and is the sole ruler for life. (Or until he/she is overthrown).  \n\nTotalitarianism \nA system of government where every single part of an individual's life is controlled and watched by the government. People who support this kind of government, believe that strict order is the key to a society without chaos. Myanmar is run by a military government, often the case in a totalitarian government.  \n\nCommunism \nCommunism is a way of living in which the government owns and runs all the business. There are many forms of communism, the "ideal" form of society. Karl Marx set down the foundation of modern communism. Unfortunately all peaceful attempts to have a communist society have been abandoned early on. Usually the only way to have a communist region, is usually through revolution. These often have a cruel dictator, and are not "ideal." There are also many factions of communism, who usually fight each other. One example is Socialism.  \n\nAnarchy\nAnarchists believe that government is evil, and that it limits individual freedoms. So anarchy is no form of government at all. Its roots can be traced back to the Goths in Europe.