Sample 2 agglutinates with anti-A and anti-B serum. What are the possible blood types?
155054
Phenotypes: AB+ or AB-\n\nAntigens: A and B\n\nGenotypes: AB (+ or -)\n\nThanks micro_girl.  I should have made that more clear.  A and B are separate proteins, and when they are both present the resulting phenotype is AB.  Sorry if my original answer was misleading.  I fixed it.
926258
In man blood group is applied to single factor. This factor is agglutinogen and is also called antigen. It is found on the surface of red blood corpuscles. \n\nAccordingly a person with `A' antigen is designated as a person with A-group, with `B' antigen as B-group, with both A and B antigens as AB-blood group and a person without any antigens is designated as O-blood group. \n\nIn the case of animals blood group is applied to combinations of blood factors. So it is preferable to call it as blood group systems rather then blood groups. Each system has many factors, which are together called blood group factors. \n\nDr. J. Moustgaard, of the Royal Veterinary & Agricultural College, Copenhagen has identified in cattle ten group systems namely A,B,C,FV,J,L,M,SU, Z and R'S'. Except J and L, all the other group systems have more than one group factor. For example the group factors of the group system A are designated as A{-1}, A{-2}, D, H, Z'. \n\nThe grouping factors are particular serum proteins. Acquiring of each protein is an inherited character. So examination of blood sample from within a breed might eventually prove a very useful means of selection. It might also indicate what mating could be expected to result in infertility. \n\nThe B-group system only has greater number of grouping factors. It has nearly 27 group factors, which are called phenogroups. Some of these are unique to particular breeds. \n\nThey are particularly valuable in determining incorrectly stated parentage. In dogs serum major groups have been recognised in the USA and they are referred to as A to G. \n\nIn veterinary practice blood transfusion is used in cases of haemorrhage and shock and to a lesser extent as part of the treatment of certain infectious diseases. \n\nIn cattle the donor and recipient are usually in the same herd. This fact lessens the risk of introducing infection and incompatibility does not arise. \n\nBut normal antibodies against the blood group factor-J are sometimes found in cattle. Thus if the donor's blood is J-positive and the recipient's blood contains normal antibody called anti-J the so-called transfusion reaction might be expected immediately following blood transfusion. These reactions are dyspnoea, muscular twisting, increased salivation and circulatory disturbances. \n\nHowever, if an animal has been exposed to repeated blood transfusions, a different situation will arise. The animal will now have formed antibodies against the blood group antigens it does not have itself. It is therefore by no means unlikely that the blood of donor and the recipient are incompatible. \n\nIf this is so, transfusion will set off strong transfusion reactions. Such reaction can occur on the second or on subsequent blood transfusion\n\nI hope this helps!
63842
AB Rh+\n\nThe differences in human blood are due to the presence or absence of certain protein molecules called antigens and antibodies. The antigens are located on the surface of the red blood cells and the antibodies are in the blood plasma. Individuals have different types and combinations of these molecules. The blood group you belong to depends on what you have inherited from your parents.\n\nThere are more than 20 genetically determined blood group systems known today, but the AB0 and Rh systems are the most important ones used for blood transfusions. Not all blood groups are compatible with each other. Mixing incompatible blood groups leads to blood clumping or agglutination, which is dangerous for individuals.\n\nblood group AB have both A and B antigens on the surface of the red blood cells and no A or B antibodies at all in the blood plasma therefore no agglutination. \n\nMany people also have a so called Rh factor on the red blood cell's surface. This is also an antigen and those who have it are called Rh+. Those who haven't are called Rh-. A person with Rh- blood does not have Rh antibodies naturally in the blood plasma (as one can have A or B antibodies, for instance). But a person with Rh- blood can develop Rh antibodies in the blood plasma if he or she receives blood from a person with Rh+ blood, whose Rh antigens can trigger the production of Rh antibodies. A person with Rh+ blood can receive blood from a person with Rh- blood without any problems.
133434
cswolf11 is the closest to being correct.  If you are AB Rh pos, you can recieve any blood type from a donor.  If you are AB Rh neg you can receive any blood type that is Rh negative.  To complicate things a bit, if you are Rh negative, you can receive Rh positive blood at least once.  Chances only 50% that your body will see the donor blood as foreign and make antibodies to it.\n\nOK, a bit more complication, there are hundreds of different antigens on red blood cells - ABO and Rh are just the 4 most important.  You can make antibodies to any of them that you don't have and cut down your choices of donors.
514739
Codominance- Three alleles determine the ABO blood types in humans:IA,IB and i. Each of us receives two of these. The IA and IB alleles are codominant, and both are expressed when present. The i allele is recessive to the other two. \nPhenotype:O Genotype:ii ; Phenotype: A Genotype: IAIA or IAi\nPhenotype:B Genotype: IBIB or IBi; Phenotype:AB Genotype:IAIB
206545
Several possibilities include hepatitis B and C.  You'd probably know if you had these.  Another possibility is cytomegalovirus (CMV) -- it is a virus that is present in a large portion of the population.  It is dormant and has no effect until the immune system goes down.  Sometimes the plasma is given to people with poor immunity and thus needs to be CMV negative.  The people who rejected your plasma should tell you why.  Good luck!
882345
Ditto with spyderman, CBC, Chem7, PT/INR, PTT, possible bleeding time, and if the doctor is smart, a current blood type on file.
682548
oh my god - some of these answers are scary.\n\nthe question is very excellent though and very correct. the anti-A and anti-B CAN destroy the patients red cells if transfused to a group A or group B or group AB individual.\n\nhowever:\n\nthe antibodies are in the plasma and modern practices in blood processing split the components into their various parts - plasma and platelets and red cells. the red cells has very little plasma on them so very little anti-A or anti-B is transfused\n\ndonations with plasma on them are tested to see if the levels of anti A or anti B might be considered harmful and those donations with high titre (levels) of anti-A or anti-B are marked as not for transfusion to group A or B or AB patients.\n\nthe term universal donor is a very misleading one, in general it is true and group O can give to any other group, but precautions are necessary and are taken by transfusion services
427028
The differences in human blood are due to the presence or absence of certain protein molecules called antigens and antibodies. The antigens are located on the surface of the red blood cells and the antibodies are in the blood plasma. Individuals have different types and combinations of these molecules. The blood group you belong to depends on what you have inherited from your parents.\n\nThere are more than 20 genetically determined blood group systems known today, but the AB0 and Rh systems are the most important ones used for blood transfusions. Not all blood groups are compatible with each other. Mixing incompatible blood groups leads to blood clumping or agglutination, which is dangerous for individuals.\n\nNobel Laureate Karl Landsteiner was involved in the discovery of both the AB0 and Rh blood groups.\n\nCheck the full text\n\nhttp://nobelprize.org/medicine/educational/landsteiner/readmore.html
689200
It is not chemistry.  There is some unknown trigger that causes your body (B cells that have differentiated into plasma cells to be specific)to begin producing antibodies to your own proteins or DNA or RNA, etc.  These antibodies are called autoantibodies.
38817
So not universal, but definitely most common, by a huge margin.\n\nUniversal would suggest everywhere, and its not true, there is of course AB, A and B blood types also.\n\nYou may be mixing up the term "universal donor", Type O-negative blood does not have any antigens. It is called the "universal donor" type because it is compatible with any blood type. Type AB-positive blood is called the "universal recipient" type because a person who has it can receive blood of any type. Although “universal donor” and “universal recipient” types are occasionally used to classify blood in an emergency, blood type tests are always done to prevent transfusion reactions.
92766
The "I" stands for the isoagglutinogen gene.  Everybody has two copies of this gene, but know that this gene can come in different "flavors", what scientists call "alleles".  These flavors are Ia, Ib and Io.  The "I" indicates a single gene, and the a,b and o indicate the different versions, or "alleles", of this gene.  The "o" is termed recessive, because it "invisible" to the immune system, while "a" and "b" are dominant, meaning the immune system can identify and react with them.
199115
on red blood cells there are two major antigens A and B among other minor antigens.these designate one's blood group.\nBlood group O is indicative of one having no blood group antigens on his/her red blood cells.\nfor any blood group antigen there's a corresponding blood group antibody in the blood fluid i.e plasma or serum.for example if you are blood group A then your blood will have antibody B,if you have blood group B then you have antibody A.however if one is blood group O then that means that you have both antibodies A and B,and if you are blood group AB then you have no major blood group antibodies i.e neither antibody A nor B is present in your plasma.now if a blood group A person receives any blood group other than A or O then the antibodies in the plasma cause clumping(coming together)of the foreign blood cells.this causes blocking of the blood vessels with disastrous results.please note that it's the foreign blood cells that are clumped by the native antibodies if they match i.e A with Antibody A,B with antibody B,O with either A or B and AB by none.for this reason O can donate blood to any blood group but cannot receive blood except from another O and AB can receive blood from anyone but cannot donate their blood to anyone except AB.there is another group of antigens known as the rhesus factors.one is either rhesus positive(+) or negative(-).therefore a blood group O+ can donate blood to any rhesus+ blood group and blood group AB+ can receive any rhesus+ blood group.hence to answer your question blood group O can take blood only from an O of the correct rhesus factor
102601
Yes, type O can recieve type AB. I am a type O.:O) Any other blood types, more than likely your body will reject it. Along time ago my cousin had a tropical disease called dengue fever(mosquito disease) in tropical countries and she was a type O and the blood bank had little type O blood, so they mixed A and B blood together and it worked. She is now a happy and healthy woman. :O)
115334
Generally polyclonal anitbodies are used to bind non-specifically to antigens. For instance, you might use monoclonal antibodies to specifically bind to your protein of intererst. You might then use polyclonal Ab to bind the rest of the proteins i.e. to block off the other available 'slots'
632674
Agree with above: possible options are A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+ and AB-.\n\nTo go into more detail, and explain why a kid with blood type B is possible:\n\nBlood types are named according to proteins in the blood. If you have protein A but not B, you are blood type A. If you have B but not A, you are blood type B. If you have both, you're AB, and if neither, you're O. (O is "recessive" - it just means that you don't make protein, so to be blood type O, you have to have two O genes.)\n\nYou only need one copy of a gene to make the protein, but we all have two copies (alleles) of each gene. We know the dad has to have one A and one B gene. However, the mom could have two A genes, or only one A and one O.\n\nEach parent gives one allele to the child. If the mom has genes AO, she could give the O to the child. The dad has both A and B. So, if a kid ended up with O from mom and B from dad, its genes would be OB and its blood type would be B.\n\nThe Rhesus factor (Rh) + or - is also recessive. If both parents are carrying a negative gene, and the kid got two copies of the negative gene, then it could be Rh-.
31990
No this combination is not possible. Blood type is a combo of one of each parent's alleles.  Therefore an O could produce an A with an AB or A mother or a B with an AB or B mother, but not an AB.  Please use the link to calculate.