How is hazard ratio of death defined? Could someone explain it with an example?
138119
The 'hazard ratio' of anything (death included) is virtually the same concept as the relative risk. For example if smoking causes lung cancer in 5/10 ppl (50%), but 1/10 nonsmokers get lung cancer (10%), then our 'hazard ratio' or relative risk of getting lung cancer for a smoker = rate in smokers/rate in nonsmokers(controls)\n       = 50% / 10%\n       =5.\nOr smokers are 5 times as likely as nonsmokers to develop lung cancer. Hope that helps:)
45067
it causes deaths and damage
684838
There are instances where the phrase is correct. For instance, many people have died in the new teen hobby called car surfing. They hang on to the roof of a car while its going 40 mph and up. Doing something that dangerous simply for fun is incredibly stupid. If someone died from that, they really have no one to blame but themselves. Therefore the term would be correct in that instance. This is just one example, but I believe the term does make sense.
254353
The 5-year-survival rate is a statistical way of looking at the death rate in a cancer. It cannot tell you anything about your mother's individual chances since statistics only deal with groups. \nSome people can die from othe stage 2 cancer in 6 months, others will live with a stage 4 cancer for 10 years. As for survival rates at different stages, you can find them on many ovarian cancer websites, but don't get too discouraged by any low number or too overjoyed by a high one - statistics.\nYour best bet is an honest discussion with the oncologist but always keep in mind, noone can give you an absolute number. They just don't know.\nI wish you and your mother the very best of luck.\n\nMarch 4th, 8:43 pm: BEWARE!!!! This guy "tecuento 123" seems to be answering just about every question in Health with his sales pitch. He flogs it for MS, Cancer, Allergies and what-not. BEWARE!!!! Anyone in here who want to sell you something is probably a scammer, don't be taken! These people prey on the helpless and terrified!
38598
i think you're referring to the price/earning ratio, a tool used by investors to evaluate the value of a stock.  Here's a link to Investopedia that better explains it:
119931
The single biggest factor responsible for the correlation between life expectancy location is available medical care.\n\nThe vast majority of people in this world do not have access to even basic medical. If you live in many countries and you cut yourself badly, there is a good chance you will die simply because there are no doctors for thousands of miles around. The cut will become infected you will die, as simple as that.\n\nThink about it, have you ever had an operation in your life, like having your appendix removed? Ever had to take antibiotics? Ever had a wound stitched? If so then if you lived in much of the world there is a good chance you would now be dead. You wouldn’t have been able to get that degree of medical care.\n\nThen we look at other factors. Many countries don’t have any effective workplace safety rules. If you don’t; want to starve you have to do what you are told, even if it could kill you. Many countries have dirty drinking water supplies a which cause fatal diseases and so on and on.\n\nThat is why life expectancy correlates so well with location. When you add up all those factors there are places in this world where most people die before they turn 30.\n\n\nThis has nothing whatsoever to do with pollution and very little to do with diet. Diet these days is fairly trivial, and pollution causes so few deaths that it is almost impossible to detect statistically.
479306
http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/article.php?scid=8&did=245
152635
You program the data in to a calculator (like a TI-83), graph, and model the data points using an exponential profile.  It will then give you the form of the equation that best fits your data points in the form of a*e^(b*x), which you can then graph over your data points.  In your case, "b" should be negative to indicate decay.
484393
What you are looking for is called the Sharpe ratio:\n \nSharpe ratio = (return - risk free rate) / risk\n\nIt is explained best here:\nhttp://www.moneychimp.com/articles/risk/sharpe_ratio.htm
237336
"The half-life of a quantity subject to exponential decay is the time required for the quantity to fall to half of its initial value. The concept originated in the study of radioactive decay, but it now also occurs in many other fields."\n\nIn laymans terms I would guess it would be easiest to say its a term for a rate of decay.\n\nAn analogy.. hmm..  a bottle of milk has a half life of about 1 day before it starts going off.
980253
I've checked it out and cant find that specific answer, but i've found that out of 10 people diagnosed with cancer, only ONE will survive for a max of 5 years.\n\nIts the most Lethal worldwide, claiming over 3 million people a year.\n\nRead more about it in the source link ---->
630010
Check out:\n\nhttp://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/article.php?did=108&scid=7
590939
I understand it to mean that after 5 years of being disease free you are considered cured. So they check you every 3 months for two years and then every 6 months for the next 3 years. So 5 year survival rate indicates the percentage of people that live to the 5 year mark and are therefore considered cured if disease free for that entire time.
399803
In statistics reliability is the consistency of a set of measurements or measuring instrument.\n\nReliability theory is a general theory about systems failure. It allows researchers to predict the age-related failure kinetics for a system of given architecture (reliability structure) and given reliability of its components. Reliability theory predicts that even those systems that are entirely composed of non-aging elements (with a constant failure rate) will nevertheless deteriorate (fail more often) with age, if these systems are redundant in irreplaceable elements. Aging, therefore, is a direct consequence of systems redundancy. Reliability theory also predicts the late-life mortality deceleration with subsequent leveling-off, as well as the late-life mortality plateaus, as an inevitable consequence of redundancy exhaustion at extreme old ages.\n\nThe failure of mechanical devices such as ships, trains, and cars, is similar in many ways to the life or death of biological organisms. Statistical models appropriate for any of these topics are generically called "time-to-event" models. Death or failure is called an "event", and the goal is to project or forecast the rate of events for a given population or the probability of an event for an individual.
624712
This problem is solvable.\nProbability of event A is written P(A).\n\nP(A)= Total # of outcomes that correspond to event A (divided by -or- over) Total # of outcomes in sample\n\nAnswer:\nP(A) = 12/20 = 3/5
582964
You are going to have to directly ask an actuary or professor of actuarial science.  You may redirect this question to the mathematics section.  I have a great statistics background and I don't know where to find the answer to that.  I can tell you the history of Sommer's D, which is an obscure but unbelievably useful statistic, but I cannot tell you the origin of the name for that.
299652
Doing for the entire population makes it hard to compare countries. Most birth and death rates are in the single digits per thousand, so you would have to keep saying "zero point seven percent" (7 syllables) instead of "seven per thousand" (5 syllables).