what is protoprophrines?
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protoporphyrin:\nA metal-free porphyrin, C32H32N4(COOH)2, that combines with ferrous iron to form the heme group in hemoglobin and myoglobin, and with ferric iron to form the hemin group in catalase and some cytochromes.\n\nhttp://www.answers.com/topic/protoporphyrin?method=8
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I looked it up. It sounds like Phentermine.\nPhentermine is a sympathomimetic amine, which is similar to an amphetamine. It is also known as an "anorectic" or "anorexigenic" drug. Phentermine stimulates the central nervous system (nerves and brain), which increases your heart rate and blood pressure and decreases your appetite.\n\nPhentermine is used as a short-term supplement to diet and exercise in the treatment of obesity.\n\nPhentermine may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.
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i haven't, but be careful.  i'm assuming that the "pro" is prozac?  if so, this is very similar to the fen-phen diet, and there were some serious complications with that one (as you probably know).  make sure your doctor is a real doctor..ask for references if necessary.  make sure you see the "doctor" every time..not just some medical assistant.  and make sure they know what they're doing.  you would be much better off just watching your diet and exercising.
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Prokaryotes ie; bacteria
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It is adrenaline but it is also called epinephrine.  It plays a role in short term stress situation and is released by the adrenal medulla.  Read more at wikipedia
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Calcium is the cellular messenger that actually initates contraction through a process called excitation-contraction coupling. While the process differs slightly in cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle cells, the basic process is the same. Contraction is due to an extenal stimulus that is faciliated on the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) of the sarcolemma (cell membrane). The DHPR activates the ryandoine receptor (RyR), which is in the endoplasmic reticulum (SR) inside the cell. The RyR is a channel that allows calcium stored within the SR to be released from the SR and into the cytosol of the muscle cell. This calcium interacts with Troponin in the contractile apparatus of the cell, causing the cell to contract. Contraction of the cell will continue until the calcium in pumped out of the cystosol and back into the SR by the SERCA calcium pump. Then the process is primed to fire again to cause the cell to contract.
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Protostomes (from the Greek: first the mouth) are a taxon of animals. Together with the deuterostomes and a few smaller phyla, they make up the Bilateria, mostly comprising animals with bilateral symmetry and three germ layers. The major distinctions between deuterostomes and protostomes are found in embryonic development. In protostome development, the first opening in development, the blastopore, becomes its mouth. In deuterostome development, the blastopore becomes the animal's anus. Protostomes have what is known as spiral cleavage which is determinate, this meaning that the fate of the cells is determined as they are formed. This is in contrast to deuterostomes which have radial cleavage that is indeterminate.\n\nDeuterostomes (taxonomic term: Deuterostomia; from the Greek: "second mouth") are a superphylum of animals. They are a subtaxon of the Bilateria branch of the subregnum Eumetazoa, and are opposed to the protostomes. Deuterostomes are distinguished by their embryonic development; in deuterostomes, the first opening (the blastopore) becomes the anus, while in protostomes it becomes the mouth.\n\nThere are three phyla of deuterostomes:\n\n    * Phylum Chordata (vertebrates and their kin)\n    * Phylum Echinodermata (starfishes, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, etc.)\n    * Phylum Hemichordata (acorn worms and possibly graptolites)\n\nThe phylum Chaetognatha (arrow worms) and the isolated genus Xenoturbella may also belong here. Extinct groups may include the phylum Vetulicolia. The term Ambulacraria is sometimes used for the phyla Echinodermata and Hemichordata, as well as Xenoturbella.\n\nIn both deuterostomes and protostomes, a zygote first develops into a hollow ball of cells, called a blastula. In deuterostomes, the early divisions occur parallel or perpendicular to the polar axis. This is called radial cleavage, and also occurs in certain protostomes, such as the lophophorates. Cleavage is indeterminate - the cells' fates are not determined early on. Thus if the first four cells are separated, each cell is capable of forming a complete small larva, and if a cell is removed from the blastula the other cells will compensate.\n\nIn deuterostomes the mesoderm forms as evaginations of the developed gut that pinch off, forming the coelom. This is called enterocoely.\n\nBoth the Hemichordata and Chordata have gill slits, and primitive fossil echinoderms also show signs of gill slits. A hollow nerve cord is found in all chordates, even tunicates (even if it disappears in the adults). Some hemichordates also have a tubular nerve cord. In early embryonic stage it looks like the hollow nerve cord of chordates. Because of the degenerated nervous system of echinoderms it is not possible to discern much about their ancestors in this matter, but based on different facts it is quite possible that all the present deuterostomes evolved from a common ancestor which had gill slits, a hollow nerve cord and a segmented body. It could have resembled the small group of Cambrian deuterostomes named Vetulicolia.
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A had proshesis? What is that?
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Atropine (Atropine Sulfate) is a naturally occuring chemical in the body found in the sympathetic nervous system and is used to regulate the heart rate.  It is also given in the synthetic form to patients that have an abnormally slow heart rate, usually less than 50 beats per minute.  \n\nTo understand how Atropine works you need to have some understanding of the heart and its electrical path way.  \n\nThe heart has what is called automaticity, meaning it can initiate its own electrical impulse and it originates in the SA Node (Sinoatrial Node).  Atropine when given via IV regulates how fast impulses are being released by the SA Node.  However it does not have any effect on the AV Node (Atrioventricular Node)or any electrical pathway below the AV Node.  \n\nAtropine can also be used for Asthmatic attacks secondary to Albuterol or Levoabluterol and it highly effective when given with a steriod.  \n\nAtropine is also an antidote for various nerve gas agents, widely used by the military.\n\nIt is also given to patients with Organophosphate poisonings.  Most patients seen with this exposure are farmers because the organophosphate is an insectiside that is sprayed on crops and is readily absorbed through the skin from sweat.
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bases are proton aceptors.
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Epinephrine plays a central role in the short-term stress reaction—the physiological response to threatening, exciting or environmental stressor conditions such as high noise levels or bright light (see Fight-or-flight response). It is secreted by the adrenal medulla. When released into the bloodstream, epinephrine binds to multiple receptors and has numerous effects throughout the body. It increases heart rate and stroke volume, dilates the pupils, and constricts arterioles in the skin and gut while dilating arterioles in leg muscles. It elevates the blood sugar level by increasing hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose in the liver, and at the same time begins the breakdown of lipids in adipocytes. Epinephrine has a suppressive effect on the immune system.\n\nEpinephrine is used as a drug to promote peripheral vascular resistance via alpha-stimulated vasoconstriction in cardiac arrest and other cardiac dysrhythmias resulting in diminished or absent cardiac output, such that blood is shunted to the body's core. This beneficial action comes with a significant negative consequence—increased cardiac irritability—which may lead to additional complications immediately following an otherwise successful resuscitation. Alternatives to this treatment include vasopressin, a powerful antidiuretic which also increases peripheral vascular resistance leading to blood shunting via vasoconstriction, but without the attendant increase to myocardial irritability.\n\nBecause of its suppressive effect on the immune system, epinephrine is used to treat anaphylaxis and sepsis. Allergy patients undergoing immunotherapy may receive an epinephrine rinse before the allergen extract is administered, thus reducing the immune response to the administered allergen. It is also used as a bronchodilator for asthma if specific beta-2-adrenergic agonists are unavailable or ineffective. Adverse reactions to epinephrine include palpitations, tachycardia, anxiety, headache, tremor, hypertension, and acute pulmonary edema.\n\nA pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal gland (or, rarely, the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system), which secretes excessive amounts of catecholamines, usually epinephrine.
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Adreniline. It's a vasoconstrictor, reducing bloodflow in times of excitement or pain \n\nI'd see a doctor.  You might have a neurological disorder.
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let's define a few terms first... ;p\n\nan oncogene is a modified gene that increases the malignancy of a tumor cell. some oncogenes usually involved in cancer development increase the chance that a normal cell develops into a tumor cell, possibly resulting in cancer.\n\na proto-oncogene is a normal gene that can become an oncogene, either after mutation or increased expression. proto-oncogenes code for proteins that help to regulate cell growth and differentiation. proto-oncogenes are also often involved in signal transduction and execution of mitogenic signals, usually through its protein product. upon activation, it or its product becomes a tumor inducing agent, an oncogene.\n\nthus... since the activation of the proto-oncogenes either by mutation or increased expression could both occur naturally, then i guess inducing or manipulating these proto-oncogenes to become oncogenes in laboratories is done solely for further studies and research purposes. i think these endeavors more or less aim to equip us with the knowledge and means to better understand how to deal, treat and maybe even prevent it as well as its effects... and definitely not with the intent of killing people...
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a) Epinephrine \n\nEpinephrine is also known as "adrenaline".\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epinephrine\n\nEDITED...oops I meant a not b.
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It's called caduet.  It's a combination of:\n\nAmlopidine:  calcium channel blocker for hypertension.\n-look out for dizzyness, heart palpitation-generally, a very well tolerated blood pressure med\n\nAtorvastatin: To lower high cholesterol.\n-report immediately any muscle soreness, or cramping\n\n\nhttp://www.caduet.com/
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It is a neurotransmitter in the catecholamine family that mediates chemical communication in the sympathetic nervous system, a branch of the autonomic nervous system. Like other neurotransmitters, it is released at synaptic nerve endings to transmit the signal from a nerve cell to other cells. Norepinephrine is almost identical in structure to epinephrine, which is released into the bloodstream from the adrenal medulla under sympathetic activation. The sympathetic nervous system functions in response to short-term stress; hence norepinephrine and epinephrine increase the heart rate as well as blood pressure. Other actions of norepinephrine include increased glycogenolysis (the conversion of glycogen to glucose) in the liver, increased lipolysis (the conversion of fats to fatty acids; in adipose (fat) tissue, and relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle to open up the air passages to the lungs. All of these actions represent a mobilization of the body's resources in order to meet the stressful challenge–such a response is often termed the "flight or fight" syndrome.
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Pheochromocytomas are tumors of the adrenal gland which produce excess adrenaline. Pheochromocytomas arise from the central portion of the adrenal gland which is called the adrenal medulla. The adrenal medulla is responsible for the normal production of adrenaline which our body requires to help maintain blood pressure and to help cope with stressful situations. A tumor which arises from the adrenal medulla and overproduces adrenaline can be a deadly tumor because of the severe elevation in blood pressure it causes.\n\n\nSymptoms of Pheochromocytomas\n\nThe classical symptoms of pheos are those attributable to excess adrenaline production. Often these patients will have recurring episodes of sweating, headache, and a feeling of high anxiety. The following symptoms are listed from the most common to the least common:\n\nHeadaches (severe) \nExcess sweating (generalized) \nRacing heart (tachycardia and palpitations) \nAnxiety / nervousness (feelings of impending death) \nNervous shaking (tremors) \nPain in the lower chest or upper abdomen \nNausea (with or without nausea) \nWeight loss \nHeat intolerance