where did the word amino acid come from?
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The word "amino" indicates the presence of the functional group in organic chemistry, the amino group, NH2.  The "acid" indicates the presence of the the functional group carboxylic acid (carboxyl) group (COOH).  Both functional groups are found in amino acids, hence the name.
10090
amino acids joined by peptide bonds
525993
German for rat poison. Came from Germany. Most probably after Germans started speaking German language.
94258
The alpha-amino acid Phenylalanine exists in two forms, the D- and L- forms, which are enantiomers (mirror-image molecules) of each other. It has a benzyl side chain. Its name comes from its chemical structure's consisting of a phenyl group substituted for one of the hydrogens in the side chain of alanine. Because of its phenyl group, phenylalanine is an aromatic compound. At room temperature, it is a white, powdery solid.\nL-Phenylalanine (LPA) is an electrically-neutral amino acid, one of the twenty common amino acids used to biochemically form proteins, coded for by DNA. Its enantiomer, D-phenylalanine (DPA), can be synthesized artificially.\n\nL-phenylalanine is used in living organisms, including the human body, where it is an essential amino acid. L-phenylalanine can also be converted into L-tyrosine, another one of the twenty protein-forming amino acids. L-tyrosine is converted into L-DOPA, which is further converted into dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine (latter three are known as the catecholamines). D-phenylalanine can be converted only into phenylethylamine.\n\nThe genetic disorder phenylketonuria is an inability to metabolize phenylalanine. Individuals with this disorder are known as "phenylketonurics", and must abstain from consumption of phenylalanine. It is present in many sugarless gums and other food products, which are labeled: "Phenylketonurics: Contains phenylalanine."\n\nThe synthesized mix DL-Phenylalanine (DLPA), which is a combination of the D- and L- forms, is used as a nutritional supplement.\n\nThe genetic codon for phenylalanine was the first to be discovered. Marshall W. Nirenberg discovered that, when he inserted m-RNA made up of multiple uracil repeats into E. coli, the bacterium produced a new protein, made up solely of repeated phenylalanine amino acids.\n\nPhenylalanine uses the same active transport channel as tryptophan to cross the blood-brain barrier, and, in large quantities, interferes with the production of serotonin.
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methyonin a kind of amino acid
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Amino acid is any molecule that contains both amine and carboxlic acid.  Amino acid is the building block of protein.\n\nVisit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxylic_acid
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*"primary"\n*Carbon, Oxygen, Hidrogen.\n*Amide bond (also called "peptide bond"): the join of an amino group (-NH2) with an acid group (-COOH) to form -NH-OOC-\n*Water\n*acid rain... I think it was sulphuric acid, but not sure.
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it has 20 words, and it means...\n\nNucleic Acids\n\n \nNucleic Acids are macromolecular structures which store and express all the information necessary for building and maintaining life.\nDNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid) is considered as the repository of the genetic information. \nRNAs (RiboNucleic Acids) may be regarded as vectors and translators of the information.\n\nFrom a chemical point of view, Nucleic Acids are giant linear condensation polymers of Nucleotide sub-units.\n \n\nA Nucleotide consists of : \n\na nitrogenous base: purine (Adenine (A) or Guanine (G)) or pyrimidine (Cytosine (C) or Thymine (T) (or Uracil (U)in RNA)).\na sugar : Deoxyribose (DNA) or Ribose (RNA).\n\na phosphate group \nA sugar and a base form a Nucleoside.\nA Nucleotide is a phosphorylated nucleoside.\nInter-nucleotide linkages are formed by a phosphodiester bond between a 5'-phosphate group and the 3'-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide sugar. \n\nThe nucleotide sequence encodes the informations required for constructing proteins.\n\n   \nHistory\n\nIn 1860, F. Meischer a Swiss physician isolated a precipitate substance obtained by treatment of white blood cells nuclei, with alkaline solution. The chemical analysis has showed that this precipitate contained Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Phosphorus. Misescher called this substance Nuclein.\n\nIn 1930 A. Kossel and P. Levene proved that Nuclein was a deoxyribonucleic acid.\n\nIn the late 1940's, E. Chargaff discovered the "equimolarity" of bases ([A]=[T], [G]=[C]) and established the coefficient of specificity ((G+C)/(A+T)), which characterise each DNA molecule.\n\nIn 1952, Hershey & Chase demonstrated that DNA molecules are the universal support of heridity.\n\nIn 1953 J. Watson & S. Crick determined the double helix structure of DNA, owing to the important Xray diffraction works made by R. Franklin. \n\nIn 1962 Watson, Crick & M. Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize for their discovery.\n\n \nDeoxyriboNucleic Acid\n\n\n\nThe Genome is the complete set of instructions to create and maintain an organism alive. DNA molecules are support for the Genome of all living organisms.\n\n\n \nStructure \n\nThe DNA Molecule consist of two unbranched polynucleotides chains (strands) held together in an antiparallel manner by hydrogen bonds formed between specific pairs of bases [Adenine-Thymine] [Guanosine-Cytosine]. Thus the bases sequence (code) in one strands determines the code of the other strands (complementarity).\n\n \n  \n\n \nThe joined anti-parallel strands are twisted about each other in the shape of a right-handed double helix. Indeed DNA is often depicted as a twisted ladder in which rungs are bases pairing and sides are deoxyribose-phosphate chains.\n\nThe double helix structure is mainly stabilized by hydrogen bonds between bases pairs. Since the hydrophobic bases are stacked inside and the hydrophilic ribose-phosphate chains are on the outside, Van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions are also deeply involved in the stabilization of the double helix. \n\nThe N-glycosic bonds (sugar-base) are not directly opposite one strand another, therefore two grooves of different width appear between ribose-phosphate chains on the surface of the molecule. In this major or minor grooves, the bases are exposed to solvent and to other molecules. By this way, some chemical and biochemical substances may have interactions with specific bases without disrupting the double helix structure.\n \n\nPolymorphism \nThere are three natural forms of DNA (A, B and Z). The origin of these different forms are related to the conformation of the sugar (C2'-endo/ C3'-endo) and the orientation of the base relative to the sugar (syn/anti).\n   \nThus depending on base composition and physical conditions (Hydration/Salt-Content), DNA can assume several different conformations (A, B, Z).\n\nEach conformation possesses specific parameters: diameter of the helix, number of bases pe
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peptide: Any of various natural or synthetic compounds containing two or more amino acids linked by the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another.
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There are twenty standard amino acids:\nhttp://www.chemie.fu-berlin.de/chemistry/bio/amino-acids_en.html\nBut there are also two other non-standard amino acids:\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid
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yep, basically it was by chance.  there is no advantage to having the L over the D configuration.  It an be inferred that originally amino acids occurred as racemic mixtures and some life forms used D while others used L. And by chance through evolution the L-configuration species survived.
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carboxly and amine groups.\n\nCheck out, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid for more info about amino acids and what the structure looks like.
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from Fr. oxygène, coined in 1777 by Fr. chemist Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier (1743-94), from Gk. oxys "sharp, acid" (see acrid) + Fr. -gène "something that produces" (from Gk. -genes "formation, creation"). Intended to mean "acidifying (principle)," from Fr. principe acidifiant. So called because oxygen was considered essential in the formation of acids.
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Oxygen - \nDate of Discovery: 1774\nDiscoverer: Joseph Priestly\nName Origin: From the Greek words oxus (acid) and gennan (generate)\nUses: supports life\nObtained From: from liquid air \n\nSodium -\nDate of Discovery: 1807\nDiscoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy\nName Origin: soda (Na2CO3)\nSymbol Origin: From the Latin word natrium (sodium)\nUses: medicine, agriculture\nObtained From: table salts and other foods
763465
Tryptophan is an amino acid (part of a protein).  It is the stuff in turkey that makes you sleepy.
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As other posters have remarked, life is formed from non-living matter all the time. However, I think you are asking how the first life formed. But it's important to understand that the first life wasn't formed by "biological processes" - because there was no biology at that point. The processes were purely chemical.\n\nThe answer to how life formed, though, is: we don't really know, yet. However we do have some good ideas.\n\nOne of the above posters referred to an experiment - it's actually known as the Miller-Urey experiment. Miller discovered that he could generate small amounts of amino acids - which are the basic building blocks of life - by passing an electric current through a mix of gases which represented the composition of the atmosphere billions of years ago. \n\nNow, there's a big gap between these amino acids and the first cell, which is where creationists will try to mislead you by saying that a cell is too complex to have formed on its own. But, of course, no-one is saying  cell did form straight away. There's probably a gap of millions of years between the amino acids and the first cell .This is where the most active research is going on - scientists now think that before DNA formed, life depended on a simpler structure called RNA, so they refer to this period as the RNA world. It's a very interesting area of research.\n\nThe other way creationists try to mislead you is by dishonestly claiming that scientists believe in "spontaneous generation", which was disproved hundreds of years ago. In fact, one has nothing to do with the other - spontaneous generation was the idea that fully-grown creatures like mice spontaneously formed from piles of grain. Of course this idea isn't accepted by anyone today, and is a long way from the detailed ideas about the formation of amino acids and cells that scientists are really working on.
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Proteins, amino acids.