How are activities regulated by chemicals produced by nerves?
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Info on the Endocrine system:
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Acetylcholine is fond in both.\nThe enzyme choline acetyltransferase mediates its production from the compounds choline and acetyl-CoA.\n\nSee this article for more info.\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcholine
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nerve cells(neurons) carry electrical signals through the body through the use of dentrites and axons, dentrites usually recieve signals and axons send signals although dentrites can send signals too, the cells relay messages between the brain and muscles and tell the muscles to move.\n\nWhen sending a message neurons send the eletrical signal through the axon into a synapse, then the signal goes into the dentrites of another neuron
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No, that's not right.  The movement of sodium and potassium across the membrane carries the action potential along the neurite, but not between neurons.  Neurotransmitters-released by one neurons (usually at an axon terminal) crosses the synapse, and binds with specific receptors (usually on the dendrite or axon hillock). Once it binds, it usually opens ligand-gated sodium channels.  \n\nYou asked the name of the chemical, but it's actually a class of chemicals, not one, called neurotransmitters.  Common ones are glutamate, acetylcholine, seretonin, epinephrine and dopamine, but there are literally dozens of them.
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INFORMATION IS CONDUCTED ELETROCHEMICALLY BY THE NEURONS THROUGH VARYING CONCENTRATIONAS OF Na and K ions across the myelin seath of the neurons.in a neuron at rest there is more conc. of k ions on the inner side(this is the polarised region) and more conc. of Na ions on the outer side(depolarised region) .thus the inner side is at a greater potential than the outer side .when a stimulas is received the conc. in a particular regin of the neuron begins to change. K IONS move to the outer side and Na ions move to the inner side.now in that part of the neuron the outer membrane is at a higher potential than the the inner membrane. in the outer region the Kions are surrounded by large number of Na ions due to this a current sink develops and the K ion move back to the inner side while Na ions move back to the outer region and this region gets repolarised.but the region next to this gets deolarised in the process.thus the nerve impulse travels across the neuron as a wave of polarisation, depolarisation and repolarisation.\n           as the nerve impulse reaches the terminals of the neuron called dendrites the vesicles present there release ascetylcholine and this neurotransmitter transfers messages from one neuron to another and the above process continues till the message reaches the concerned organ.
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All the receptors of the brain have not been cloned and characterized yet.\n\nLet's start with the signals, or ligands, which bind to receptors first.  An incomplete list:\nCalcium, Potassium, Sodium, Glutamate, Gamma amino butyric acid, Dopamine, Serotonin, Norepeinephrine.  All these molecules have excitatory or inhibitory effects on neurons of the brain.\n\nGiven the fact that the brain is composed of nerves, or neurons, then the excitatory and inhibitory chemical ions, and the excitatory and inhibitory hormones will all have receptors.  These cehmicals and hormones are generally called "signals".  To further complicate matters... :)  ... these different signals also bind to different subtypes of receptors.  For example serotonin (also known as 5-HT) has at least 3 receptors that I know of (5-HT1R, 5-HT2R, and 5-HT3R).  It is reasonable to assume that there are more than just one type of receptor for each signal.\n\nSorry for such a vague answer, but the neuroanatomy and neurobiology of the brain is still too "young" a science in order to answer this question exactly.  I hope this answer has helped you.
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Excretory systems regulate the chemical composition of body fluids.\n\nhttp://www.fi.edu/biosci/systems/excretion.html
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The brain is part of the nervous system.  The smallest component of the nervous system are axons, which have a head and a tail.  Millions of these line up head to tail and form the nerve endings in your body.  In the space between each head and tail (called a synapse) chemicals can flow.  When something happens (you prick yourself), an axon signals chemicals to flow between the synapse, activate the next axon, and the next until the message reaches your brain and you react.  Different drugs affect the ability for these chemicals to flow across the synapse (speeding up, slowing down, or not at all) or wipe out axons all together leaving gaps in the message chain.
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The study of the nervous systems of organisms. Man included
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Both inhibition and stimulation begin with the same action, release of some signal from a presynaptic neuron onto a postsynaptic neuron.  In most cases, this is a chemical signal where the presynaptic neuron releases small amounts of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft between the pre and postysnaptic neurons.  The neurotransmitter then binds to a receptor on the postsynaptic membrane which then leads to some change in the postsynaptic neuron.  This change could be immediate (opening and/or closing of channels in the membrane) or delayed (activation of some chemical cascade within the neuron).\n\nGenerally, inhibition of a postsynaptic neuron occurs when these changes result in a decrease in the likelihood that the postsynaptic cell will fire an action potential.  This could be by increasing the polarization of the cell membrane or by interfering with processes/channels that would otherwise cause the cell to depolarize.\n\nExcitatation of a postsynaptic neuron is when the effect of the cell causes the cell to increase it's likelihood of firing either by opening channels that cause the balance of ions on either side of the membrane to become less polarized, or by decreasing the threshold required for the cell to fire an action potential.\n\nIt is important to recognize that the neurotransmitter does not determine if the presynaptic effect on the postsynaptic neuron is either excitatory or inhibitory, but rather the events that follow neurotransmitter binding to the postsynaptic receptor.  In other words, the chemical doesn't determine what happens to the cell, the action of the receptor does.
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Simply there is a domain a cell can do. Different cells do different things. You can't get a neuron to make insulin.
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The pituitary gland secretes hormones regulating a wide variety of bodily activities, including trophic hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands.
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It's produced by the brain. However, I have some vague recollection of them making an inverse of dopamine molecule that can be absorber into the brain for like, diabetics or something, cant remember.
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Endorphines are what allows us to withstand pain. Endorphines are triggered by adrenaline, which are both hormonal chemicals produced by the nervous system. The more adrenaline there is the more endorphines are produced. The more endorphines produced the more pain we can withstand. That's why some people can handle a lot of pain while some can barely endure it. Some people secrete more endorphines than others.
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Certain neurotransmitters contain potassium, and the outward rectifier potassium channel genome component acts as a controller or gate for potassium. The fluctuation in potassium-based neurotransmitters can affect excitability in the neurons.
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Hormones. These are the chemical messengers released from endocrine glands. These glands are called endocrine because they do not have any ducts i.e. these are ductless glands. Neurons are nerve cells, enzymes are proteins that are released from ducted glands of which bile is an example.
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In what respect?\nYet more general questions asked by inquisitive ... erm.... well... I shall try to answer...\n\nThey are both substancial collections of atoms... formed into molecules... mostly water though a fair number of hydrocarbons and amino acids, among other similar structures. \nThey're both animal cells...  presumably human animal cells in this case... That means they have a cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria and various smaller organelles.\n\nAside from that, we have the specifics of those cells:\nThey're both rather skinny for one thing... lengthy and skinny. Neurones... i.e. nerve cells.... can however be easily as long as the entire length of your forearm... and yet thinner than most cells. Sperm are very much smaller than that. \n\nFeature-wise... nerve cells have dentrites... branching extensions of the cell membrane... at each end. These are to connect to other neurones and transmit signals between them. The signals are transferred through the cell itself along the axon... which is the long, thin bit in the middle.... by means of an ionic differential gradient between potassium and sodium ions. In almost all cases, neurones will be found in bundles (since they're so thin) to cover a wide area and send as much data as possible to and from the brain.\nThere are different kinds of neurones that serve different functions.... in particular motor neurones (which transmit data from the brain to the body)  ... well... whatever the opposite ones... sensory neurones maybe... (which, by whatever name, transmit data from the sensory organs to the brain)... and interneurones... which join the others together inbetween.  As I recall, the neurones in the brain are of different types again, but I don't know the slightest thing about those.\nAnyhow... I don't think I can tell you much more about nerve cells.\n\n\nSperm on the other hand... are male gametes.... produced in vast numbers at very little bodily expense per cell. Each one is basically just a haploid nucleus (one copy of each chromosome) with a flagellum (a 'tail' to propel the cell forward) and just enough cytoplasm and mitochondria to power it for a short journey. They are generated at quite an alarming rate in the testes.... and their entire purpose is to be ejaculated into the female reproductive system and propel themselves forcefully and rather erratically to an awaiting ovum.... Eventually, of the ones that reach the ovum (most die along the way due to the corrosive substances which coat the inside of the uterus), one will get chemically accepted by the larger cell and allowed to fuse the cytoplasms together. The nuclei will then fuse into a single diploid (2 of each chromosome) nucleus.... and the newly fertilised cell will begin to divide.  Note however that while the nucleus of the sperm is allowed to fuse with the nucleus of the ovum... the mitochondria that are in the sperm will be destroyed by the new host cell.... hence all the mitochondria you will ever have are near-identical copies of your mother's ones (not perfect copies since mutations can and will occur between generations).\n\n\nRight... I've had enough of answering this question now...\nOff to other things.