How can I learn about interpreting oil and gas well logs?
144296
Many universities offer courses, either in the Geology or Petroleum Engineering departments.  The AAPG offers a short course coming up in August titled "Basic Well Log Analysis", that is taught by one of the best instructors on this subject, George Asquith. \nhttp://www.aapg.org/education/shortcourse/details.cfm?ID=45\nThere is a mudlogging course being taught at the AAPG convention in Houston in April:\nhttp://www.aapg.org/houston/courses.cfm\n\nI suggest you buy yourself a copy of "Basic Well Log Analysis" by George Asquith and Daniel Krygowski. This is published by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. To order a copy go here:\nhttp://www.aapg.org/   \nIn the short cut tab at the top of the page go to "bookstore"\n\nWhen you have digested that another valuable resource is the Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts. You will want to download all of the mnemonics for well logs in order to understand what you are reading. \nhttp://www.spwla.org/\nThey also sell some useful publications. \n\nThere is a logging company called Wellog that has put a free web seminar up on well log interpretation that looks informative (I have not used it):\nhttp://www.wellog.com/interp.htm\n\nThe Society of Petroleum Engineers is another useful resource with excellent publications. \nhttp://www.spe.org/\nSPE publishes many books on well logging but the two introductory books I would recommend are:\n"Well Logging 1- Rock properties, Borehole environment, Mud and Temperature Logging" Monograph Volume 9\nand \n"Well Logging II- Electric and Acoustic Logging" Monograph Volume 10.\nThere are available at:\nhttps://www.spe.org/mbrservices/ShopperIndex.cfm?RptCategPassed=Web&RptCodePassed=mono\n\nIf you have some well log interpretation software, or even if you don't you can find what are called raster logs (image files) on the internet for many states. Louisiana has these at http://sonris-www.dnr.state.la.us/sonlite.htm\nOther states offer them in LAS or LIS format, which requires special software to interpret, but at Schlumberger you can download a free LAS toolbox that will allow you to read these logs:\nhttp://www.slb.com/content/services/evaluation/software/log_data_toolbox.asp\n\nAnother resource you can use that is on my own website (which probably needs to have some links updated) is this list of core and well log repositories:\nhttp://www.carbonates.us/cores.htm
1182736
They use very expensive equipment. They can send mechanical waves into the ground and break up rocks.\n\nOther ways include the following ---\n\nSeismic Exploration:\n\nExplosive\nVibrator Truck\nAire Gun - Oceanic exploration\n\nDetectors:\n\nGeophones (jugs) - land\nHydrophones - Ocean\n\nSubsurface Maps:\n\nStructural - Locates high areas (traps)\nIsopach - contour lines to show thickness of rock - estimates amount of oil or gas.
878203
Not sure about your question...\n\nOil field brines can contain an assemblage of minerals and metals that are unique to that oil field, so if you have a well elsewhere that begins to produce brine with that oil field's blend of minerals etc. you could possibly tell you've had water migration, leaking casing etc.
475316
There are several types of sedimentary rock that act as reservoirs & caprocks for oil & natural gas.\n\nReservoir rocks must have a certain degree of porosity (containing holes) & be permeable (able to move through). Some of these may include limestone, other carbonate rocks (such as what James said earlier), shale, & sandstone.\n\nOn top of these reservoir rocks are cap rocks. They must be impermeable as to not allow the oil/natural gas to escape. These can include limestone & shale as well.\n\nGeologists also look for certain physical structures such as salt domes & anticlines.\n\nSalt sometimes serves as caprock for oil reservoirs. Rising salt domes are sometimes dead giveaways for oil deposits. Many of these occur in the Gulf States.\n\nAnticlines are upward folds in rocks. Under the right conditions, anticlines serve as traps.\n\n:)
42205
Schlumberger defines it as: Geophysics.\n\nThat's a little too simple. Seismic stratigraphy is the study and interpretation of stratigraphic layers and structures of deeply buried rocks and their fluid content as delineated by the reflection of seismic (sound) waves off of those features. It does not necessarily correlate with actual depositional or structural features, but instead represents the interaction of various rock properties with sonic waves. \n\nIt is a primary tool of the oil and gas industry used for finding potential structures that may be oil and gas reservoirs.
579637
Basically it's a complex mathematical process to process the vibration response data obtained from siesmic excitation of an oil field to characterize the field in terms of parameters understandable to the analyst (e.g., porosity and impedance). See the ref.
782204
Try to watch here:http://www.google.it/search?hl=it&q=nstrumentation+as+regards+oil+well+head&btnG=Cerca+con+Google&meta=
970688
sure just do as earch for "key logger" you should be able to find a program that you can download that records key strokes and logs them for your reading pleasure.
1136335
http://www.ioga.com/Special/crudeoil_Hist.htm\nThat should help.
1072409
They fill naturally with water. \n\nOil is generally found in small pores in rock like sandstone or limestone. The pores range in size from hundredths of a millimeter, to a few millimeters in most cases. In some limestone a form of porosity can form that has much larger pores (vuggy porosity), ranging from centimeters to meters in size in the case of cavernous porosity.\n\nBelow the first few hundred feet of the earths surface all of the pores in rock are filled with water, or oil and natural gas. In most oil reservoirs the water that is there naturally is salt water. Most oil and gas reservoirs have a naturally high pressure when first found, and this natural pressure (often several thousand psi) drives the oil and gas upward and out of the well. Water pushes the oil and gas out of the well, replacing the oil and gas in the rock as it leaves the well. If water did not flow into the voids left by oil and gas, it would be impossible to pump oil out of a well. \n\nWhen the natural pressure is depleted the well is either abandoned or nearby wells can be used to inject more water and create artificial pressure to push the oil up out of the well.   \n\nIf you are wondering if the rock subsides or compacts as the oil is removed, in most cases it does not. The grains in the rock are well cemented and support each other regardless of what is in the pores. In the case of poorly cemented sandstones (called unconsolidated) there can indeed be some compaction and the surface can subside. This also happens with some water wells, and in some areas there has been significant subsidence from both water pumping and oil pumping.\n\nYou might be surprised to learn that in most oil wells only about 50% of the oil is ever recovered. Recovery can range from as low as 20-30% of the oil to as high as 60-70% of it when special methods are applied. Someday if we ever find a new technology that can recover more oil we may be able to go back to long-abandoned oil fields and pump more oil. Current methods of what is called secondary or tertiary recovery involve both water injection into special injector wells and carbon dioxide injection. The water or CO2 helps flush (push) more oil out of the underground sponge-like rock we call an oil reservoir.
37614
ORIGIN AND FORMATION:\n\n Crude oil is formed from accumulations of small organisms, mostly phytoplankton and zooplanton that are buried in sediments in both marine and lacustrine (fresh water) environments. Other organic material is mixed in such as spores, pollen, woody material, and other material such as fecal pellets from marine organisms. These materials often settle through the water into an organic-rich mud that is very low in oxygen (anaerobic) so there are few organisms to feed on the material and it accumulates over long periods of time. Rivers contribute to this process by both delivering large quantities of organic matter, and also large amounts of sediment to bury this organic matter.\n\nOver time these clay-rich sediments are buried under thousands of feet of sediments, dewatered by pressure from the overlying sediment and become shale. As the shale is buried its temperature increases due to geothermal warming. When it reaches temperatures and pressures of 140 degrees F. (60 C) it begins to convert to oil. As temperature increases from continuing burial processes it reachs a temperature where it begins to form natural gas. Both the oil and the gas are gradually expelled from the shale. Typically shales are found in depositional settings where they may be interbedded with sandstones. Sandstones will have higher porosity (more and bigger holes) than shale and the oil and gas will displace salt water that is remaining in the sandstones. Eventually the oil and gas migrates upward through the water and if the overlying structure has formed some sort of a trapping configuration, (like a sandstone overlain by an impervious shale, or a fault that has created a seal against the sandstone, then this becomes an oil reservoir.\n\nA very similar process occurs in carbonate rocks, like limestone and dolomite, except the organic material originates within the carbonate rock in many instances. If the carbonate reef (for example) has been buried by an impervious layer of shale or carbonate mud of a sabkha, it will become an oil reservoir. In other instances, the source of the oil will be a shale that is below the carbonate rocks, and the oil will migrate upward into this reservoir.\n\n\nReference: John M Hunt, 1996, "Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology", W.H. Freeman & Co: New York. 743 pp. \n\n                                  COMPOSITION:\nCrude oil is a complex mixture of many different hydrocarbon compounds and also may contain sulphur and trace amounts of heavy metals. Because of this, different reservoirs of oil can be distinguished and identified using gas chromatography and other methods. It is even possible to identify particles of the original organisms and plant remains under a microscope in some crude oil. The list of hydrocarbon compounds found in crude oil numbers in the hundreds, but here is a list of the most common:\nParaffins:\n  Pentane\n  Hexane\n  Octane\n  Nonane\n  Decane\n\nBranched chain paraffins:\n  2-Methylpentane\n  3- Methylpentane\n  2-Methylhexane\n  3-Methylhexane\n  2-Methylheptane\n  Pristane\n \nCycloparaffins:\n  Methlycyclopentane\n  Cyclohexane\n  Methylcyclohexane\n  1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane\n  1,3- Dimethylcyclopentane\n  1,3-dimethylcyclohexane\n\nAromatics:\n  Benzene\n  Toluene\n  Ethylbenzene\n  m-Xylene\n\nOr described by molecular size, using a common crude oil for an example:\n  Gasoline (C5-C10)  27%\n  Kerosine (C11-C13) 13%\n  Diesel fuel (C14-C18) 12%\n  Heavy gas oil (C19-C25)10%\n  Lubricating oil (C26-C40)20%\n  Residuum(>C40)                   18% \n\nThere is an interesting thing about biomarkers in oil. There are petroleum reservoirs offshore West Africa, and offshore Brazil, that came from the same source of oil, showing that the oil formed before Africa and South America were separated by the Atlantic Ocean.
962105
You should read http://oil-profits.org/ before you make any decisions.
416466
Patterns of seismic activity along a fault line.\n\nScientists set up seismographs to measure this activity. Movement along faultlines is not uncommon. But we do not usually feel it b/c it is not strong enough. They, however, can detect these slight movements w/ their sensitive equipment.\n\nThere are some other signs as well. An increase in geologic activity near a faultline can give clues. Uplifting of land is one. Increases in geothermal activity may be another.
206319
Dissolved gas analysis measures the content and type of gas within an oil-filled transformer's oil.  Oil, being the main provider of insulation as well as for cooling, retains its electrical insulating capacity only if it is inert.  In other words, the prescence of bubbles, in the form of insoluble gas, can lead to a loss of insulating capacity - the dielectric strength of gas is different from that of oil.\n\nTherefore monitoring dissolved gas is a gauge of the stability of conditions within an oil-filled transformer.  As long as the amount of gas is constant and beneath a certain threshold, your transformer can last many decades.
29797
There are many companies like this. Take a look at Rigzone.com\nhttp://www.rigzone.com/\nYou can look through the industry directory, and even the career center. They also have lots of news about the industry.\n\nAnother source: Oil and Gas Journal at \nhttp://ogj.pennnet.com/\nThey have a jobs section and lots of information about companies in the oil industry as well as statistical data about production, imports, etc.
663580
I think this could help you http://www.flow3d.com/appl/OilWater.htm
933800
I think you try this website :\nhttp://www.rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=17787 \nhttp://forum.e46fanatics.com/showthread.php?t=121941 \nhttp://www.rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=21239 \nhttp://forum.e46fanatics.com/showthread.php?t=273392&page=5 \nhttp://seismo.berkeley.edu/~rallen/eps20/extracredit/InTheNews.php \nhttp://www.eps.mcgill.ca/jargon/jargon.html