I know DNA can be compared to other DNA to determine a match... Can a DNA sample alone tell hair eye color etc
141218
In theory a DNA sample could be used to predict hair and eye color with reasonable accuracy, although we do not currently have a data base matching these phenotypes with allelic sequences.  However, when it comes to more complex morphological features (height, weight, shape of facial features, etc.), it would be virtually impossible to predict as the effects of environmental factors are enormous.\n\nWe do not currently have the ability to predict the conformation of a protein that would result from a particular sequence, and thus cannot determine the function except through direct experimental means or comparison with an identical sequence whose function has been experimentally determined.
150252
Yes it can, and depending on the DNA sequencing technque and the ancestry of the peole involved it might be quite high.\n\nRemember criminal DNA sequencing doesn't test the whole genome. It only tests a tiny fragment, less than 0.01%. It is estimated that the chances of even such a tiny fragment matching the worng person are less than 1 in a million, but studies over the past few years have indicated that certain populations, such as some Jewish groups, may have much higher chances of random matches. \n\nEven at 1 in million that means thatin a major city like New York or Los Angeles there may be a dozen peole walking arund who match you perfectly.\n\nIn practice people don't get indicted or convicted on the basis of DNA alone. There has to be some other evidence linking them to the crime, even if only circumstancial. Aside from that the law in the US only requires level of proof beyond reasonable doubt. A doubt of less than one in a million is way below the reasonable level.
16328
DNA testing can be pretty accurate, but it depends on how many sequences they test.  If you read my test procedure explanation you will understand why DNA is used.\n\nFirst, Carbohydrates and lipids are pretty much identical between all people.  A few people have metabolic disorders that result in a build up of certain carbs, but generally it would be useless to test for the specific carb or lipid present, because they are the same for everyone.\n\nProteins do differ among people, but not as much as DNA does.  DNA provides the information telling ribosomes how to put proteins together in people, but only a small portion of DNA is ever tranlsated to protein.  Most of your DNA is junk, and the big DNA differences between two people are in this junk DNA, so that is what is used for DNA testing.\n\nThis is an explanation of how it is typically done:\n\nThe way DNA testing works is by measuring the lengths of DNA segments between two endonuclease cleavage sites.  An endonuclease is an enzyme that will cleave DNA at a particular sequence of bases.  Some specific cleavage sites exist in the DNA of all people.  In between two specific cleavage sites, you may have a sequence of tandem repeat DNA.  For example le us say your DNA looks like this:\n(Cleave) gene1-TGTGTGTGTGTG-gene2 (Cleave)\nWe will denote this length of tandem repeat segment as (TG)6.  My DNA may have a tandem repeat segment may be (TG)10, in which case the segment of DNA between the two cleavage points is longer for me than it is for you.  This additional length also makes it heavier.\n\nNow let us make a suspend lots of copies of this particular segment of your DNA in a fluid and make another suspension with my DNA.  \n\nLet us also say that we know that everyone has a sequence of TG repeats at least 6 repeats long.  The complement to this sequence is:\nACACACACACAC -> (AC)6\nWe could create a radio labelled (AC)6 probe and sprinkle it into the suspension with your DNA, the suspension with my DNA, and a suspension with unknown DNA.  This probe would bind to the DNA in all three solutions, but my DNA segment would still be heavier than yours, because it contains 10 repeats, even if only 6 are bound to the probe.\n\nWe now place some of the suspension of your DNA at a point on an adsorbent surface.  The suspnsion will travel along the surface, but at some point the DNA will stick to the surface.  If it is heavier it will stick sooner.  With good equipment all DNA of a certain length will stick at the same spot (or short line)\n\nSince my DNA is heavier than yours, mine will travel less far.  The unknown DNA will travel either as far as your DNA does or as far as my DNA does, and that will tell whose DNA it is.\n\nThe way you view the DNA on the adsorbent surface is with a film that will darken when exposed to our radio labelled probe.  You place this film on top of the adsorbent bed with the DNA samples and three small spots (or short lines) will show.  The distance the unknown DNA travelled in comparison to your DNA and mine tells us whose DNA it is.\n\nInvestigators do this with evidence; only they use many different tandem repeat segments scattered throughout the genome.  The more segments used, the lower the probability of a coincidence.
931137
It really depends on the lab.  In my lab, they extract DNA and run markers to find what genes the animal has.  In other labs, you may find the actual sequence of the DNA (A-C-T-G).  Genetics is a large field and no two labs do the same thing.
959622
Theoretically yes your DNA could be transfered inthat way but the amounts would be so small, mixed and fragmented they would be of little evidential value. If he has items like a brush though then it is possible that a hair (rich in DNA if it has a root or tissue left on it) could have been left at the scene of crime as planted evidence. Obviously, if it picked up and recorded as relevent evidence is all down to the nature of the crime and the investigating body. Often for smaller offences, DNA evidence is not the first route of enquiry if there is other evidence due to cost and time.\nEven if your DNA is found to be present though i wouldn't worry too much as (assuming you are inocent) it is rare for people to be convicted soley on DNA evidence, or for a case even to get to court on that. DNA can only say that you where in contact with the crime scene not that you did anything (Eg, DNA on a car could say that a certain individual stole the car just as much as it could say that a person sneezed as they walked past it). So as is often said, unless you have something to worry about, don't worry.
42489
Yes it can be done one place that does it is called questgen forensics. Also Animal DNA Services \nVeterinary Diagnostics Center does dna testing for genetic issues your pet could have and dna banking stuff like that.
790641
The Genetics of Human Eye Color\nCan a baby's eye color be predicted using the eye color of the parents, grandparents and siblings?\nEye color is a physical trait that is genetically determined. A favorite pastime for many expectant parents is documenting the eye color of grandparents and extended family members to attempt to predict the eye color of their baby. Any discussion of the inheritance of eye color, requires a review of genetics. In basic terms, eye color is determined by the amount of a pigment called melanin that is in the iris of the eye. Brown eyes have lots of pigment, blue eyes very little. The amount of pigment is determined by a number of genes controlling pigment production. Generally speaking, brown is dominant, meaning that if one parent has brown eyes and the other has blue eyes, the baby will most likely have brown eyes. But the situation is really much more complicated than that. For a more complete description, read on. \n\n\nWhat is a gene and what does it have to do with eye color?\nHumans have a diploid number of 46 chromosomes (23 pair) located in the cell nucleus. In the process called meiosis, sperm and egg cells are produced that have the haploid number (23) of chromosomes. During fertilization of the egg by the sperm the diploid number of 46 is restored. During the course of pregnancy, the fertilized egg (zygote) undergoes a complex series of changes including multiple cell divisions and differentiation of cells into the different organ systems. The result is a baby whose cells each have 46 chromosomes. One chromosome of each pair is inherited from the baby's father and the other from the mother. A gene is a length of DNA on a chromosome that does something particular for an organism. It is the basic unit of heredity, determining the observable characteristics, or phenotype, of an individual. The actual genetic makeup of an individual is referred to as its genotype. Genes are arranged in a linear fashion on the chromosome, much like beads on a string. The arrangement of genes along a chromosome is the same for both members of a chromosome pair. Therefore genes also occur in pairs. \n\n\nIf genes occur in pairs are both genes alike?\nGenes may occur in different forms called alleles so the appearance of any characteristic is dependent on the types of alleles present. A person who carries two of the same alleles is called homozygous for that gene. If two different alleles are present the person is heterozygous for that gene. In a heterozygous gene pair, one allele may be expressed over the other. The allele that is expressed is called the dominant allele. The allele that is not expressed is called the recessive allele. Dominance and recessiveness refer to which allele is expressed when the two occur together. There is nothing abnormal or defective implied in the terms. Examples of dominant/recessive inheritance are many of the famous genetic experiments conducted by Gregor Mendel. Mendel bred pea plants and found that crosses between homozygous purple flower plants and homozygous white flower plants always produced plants with purple flowers. In the process of incomplete dominance, a heterozygous gene pair produces a characteristic that is intermediate between the characteristic produced by the homozygous condition of each allele. An example of this occurs when a red snapdragon is crossed with a white one resulting in a plant with pink flowers. In a third process called codominance, the affect of each allele is expressed simultaneously. An example of codominance is the human AB blood group system in which a person with an A allele and a B allele will have type AB blood. \n\n\nI have heard that a single pair of genes determines what color my eyes are. Is this true?\nAt one time scientists thought that a single gene pair, in a dominant/recessive inheritance pattern, controlled human eye color. The allele for brown eyes was considered dominant over the allele for blue eyes. The genetic basis
1126486
They have to do this because only certain parts of DNA are used to ID people. And so much of DNA is similar they prove identity with statistics. So the likelihood of the DNA being the specific person is 1 in 20000 and that linked with other evidence is often more than enough to prove guilt or whatever. There is a law of probability and when things are put together it is very reliable.\n\nOk I am adding on in response to your question. I have consulted a textbook and think that the test described above is pretty conclusive. The textbook describes running a gel with the DNA fragments on it. They space out and are very obviously different to each other and are compared to the original. (see example of gel here http://gallery.hd.org/_c/natural-science/_more1999/_more05/DNA-genetic-fingerprinting-dark-bands-in-gel-are-almost-unique-for-a-given-individual-tweaked-1-AJHD.jpg.html) . Another thing mentioned in my textbook is taking samples from commnunities to compare blood samples. So one could suggest that they took samples of blood from 20000 people in the neighbourhood and only the one persons blood dna fingerprint matched up.
1151978
Try this\nhttp://www.globalonlinesvcs.com/DNA_Testing.html
840600
I don't know the answer to your question exactly - it's more a demographics question. But eye color is inherited independent from hair color. There are many genes affecting each, not just one or two.  Dark hair and eye genes are dominant, so they tend to appear together if they were together in the parent (which they often are due to "race"). So it might seem as though dark hair and light eyes together is rare, simply because of incomplete mixing of types in the group you're looking at (assuming there are light-hair-and-eyes types, and dark-hair-and-eyes types to begin with).\n\nThere are some groups of white people in which dark hair and light eyes are common - the so-called "black Irish" come to mind. If they exist, it is because of thorough mixing over time, of light-hair-and-eyes types with dark-hair-and-eyes types.
238934
I know you can use saliva or blood.  Although, this is kind of hard to test for without the person knowing.  I have done a lot of research in this subject.  Any type of DNA sample works, it is just a matter of how much you are willing to pay to find out this information.  Urine is the cheapest at about $20 for a test.
496128
DNA can trace a long ways back. There are "markers" that persons of the same relation will carrying. one set of markers is for your mothers side and another from your fathers side. if i rememeber right the mothers side is a little eaiser to trace back. :)
815806
Yes.  All live cells in the body carry the complete genetic code for the whole body.  This is also why police forensics can identify a person from DNA found in various body fluids, such as the blood or even the saliva (it would have inside cheek cells in it, probably).
616124
It's definitely e.genetic markers-which produce the variations in people such as hair,eye and skin colors ect.
912389
there are several genes in play\nlets start wtih eyes.. simply knowing his eye color is a start BUT you also need to know his parents eye color becuase he could be hiding a recessive gene..\nassuming he isnt - the kids will ALL have brown eyes.. but if he has a recessive blue gene then the kids have a 50/50 chance of blue or brown eyes...\nand so on for all genetics\n\nanyhow so in truth NOT only god.. but anyone with a knowledge of genetics can predict...\none thing though - get married before you start pumping out the kids.. and stop after 1 kid - the world is plenty crowded of people already
12247
actually, that's not 100% true.  identical twins have the same genotype at birth, so most simple paternity tests would NOT be able to tell a difference.\n\nHowever, as twins age (and we hope they have if you're sleeping with them), certain genes are activated in one and not in the other.  This means that more sophisticated genetic testing MIGHT be able to tell a difference.\n\nOtherwise, we figure you're pretty safe.  I hope it was a good threesome!
26579
gel electrophoresis can be used in forensic science as well as in maternity@paternity testing.here wat they do is from the place where the crime has occured if they get some evidence like a bit of hair, or spitted saliva or a small amount of blood any thing else they usually collect these sample they usually extract dna,with tat they set@ioad    withsamples of that particular victim and they usualy have collection of samples from the crime they will run the sample of the victimie the criminal @those of with the suspect.usually in gels we get bands at particular position,if there are identical band found in any one of the suspect @the victim then he is the criminal.