I have to do areport for social studies and i need to know how the first steamboats worked.HELP ME!?
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Typical Steamboat Engine\n\n\n    Have you ever seen a steamboat, either in the movies or real life? Did you notice the large puffs of white steam shooting into the air from pipes near the back of the boat. Those graceful white puffs are the exhaust steam from each stroke of the engines. Those clouds of white are really condensed steam.\n\n    Both early steamboat designs and steam railroad locomotives, are examples of "non-condensing" steam engines. A technical term meaning they do not re-use the steam. Once it has done it's work, the spent steam was vented directly into the atmosphere. A tremendous waste of both water and fuel for more water had to be pumped into the boilers and heated. Water which came from a rather muddy and cold river to boot.\n\n    So what is the difference between a non-condensing and condensing engine? A "condensing" steam engine does not exhaust its spent steam. Instead the spent steam is piped into a devise which, like a car radiator, cools the steam turning it back in to liquid water (cooling and condensing the steam). That still very hot water is pumped back into the boilers where it is reheated and reused. Since the returning water is still very hot it requires less heat to bring it back up to boiling temperature. A big savings in fuel and boiler maintenance, for this reused water is free of mud and dirt like normal river water.\n\n    The term "fixed cut-off" refers to the method of opening and closing the steam valves. In a fixed cut-off engine the rate at which the steam valves open and close is "fixed." Not adjustable, just open or closed at a given rate. Later designs included an additional device which allowed the valves to be controlled. That in turn allowed the engineers more control over the rate steam was used by the engines.\n\n    Like the vessels they propelled, river boat steam engines came in a variety of sizes. The side-wheeler PAUL JONES had engines with 21 inch diameter pistons and a stroke of 7 feet. The engines of the CITY OF NATCHEZ had pistons 26 inches in diameter with a stroke of 10 feet. Many were smaller, much smaller, however, a few may have been even larger.\n\n    If we take a minute to do the math, we can determine just how much steam those massive engines used. For those who don't know, or who have forgotten, the formula for determining the volume of a cylinder is (Volume = 3.1416 x (R x R) x H). For the CITY OF NATCHEZ engine's the answer is, 63,711 cubic inches.\n\n    Sixty-three thousand seven hundred and eleven cubic inches of steam were used with each ten foot stroke of the engine. Doing a little more math we can figure out the amount of water it took to make that much steam.\n\n    Water as we know, boils at 212 degrees (F). In a pot on the stove that is. When we confine the same water in a boiler under 200 pounds of pressure, it boils at 387 degrees (F). When water is converted to steam it expands 1,700 times its normal volume. Basically that means that one cubic inch of water when converted to steam will occupy 1,700 cubic inches of space. If we divide the amount of steam used in the engine by 1,700 we get 37.5 cubic inches of water. Or put another way, slightly more than 2 1/2 cups of water.\n\n    Two and a half cups of water isn't very much to be sure. But that was just for one stroke of the engine. One full revolution of the paddle-wheel requires two strokes of the piston or 75 cubic inches (five cups) of water per revolution. And of course there were two engines on each steamboat so we really used 150 cubic inches or roughly 10.3 cups (2 1/2 quarts) of fresh water for each complete revolution of the paddle-wheel.\n\n    Still not a tremendous amount of water is it? Okay, so now we multiply 2 1/2 quarts by the number of revolutions a paddle-wheel makes in one minute. Generally in fair weather and deep water most steamboats went as fast as they could. Getting the passengers and cargo to their destin
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http://www.watertiger.net/RO/how_ro_works.htm\nyou find it here
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Wow! Shocking dreams, I can understand why you would want to investigate further.\n\nHaving done my fair share of research on the net, I honestly think this type of inquiry is more suited to the local and state Historical Society, newspaper articles (most likely on microfiche) and perhaps trying to identify folks who have lived in the area for a long time.\n\nI'd love to suggest easy online sources, but think this is a job for some good old fashioned sluething.\n\nYou can start here:\n\nColorado Historical Society\nhttp://www.coloradohistory.org/\n\nColorado History Museum\n1300 Broadway\nDenver, Colorado 80203\n303-866-3682\n\nDenver Public Library\nhttp://www.denverlibrary.org/\n\n10 W. Fourteenth Ave. Pkwy. (on Broadway between 13th & 14th Avenues)\nDenver, Colorado 80204\n720-865-1821\nTDD 720-865-1825\n\nDenver Post\nhttp://www.denverpost.com/\n\nRocky Mountain News\nhttp://www.rockymountainnews.com/
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These sites look very helpful and should give you the information you want.  The first link looks especially good.\n\nGood luck with your project.
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I had a gal her name was Sal, 15 miles on the Erie Canal!\nThat's a line from an old song about a mule named Sally that was used to pull the boats along the Erie Canal.  15 miles each day. Think about that; I bet that was a hard life.
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The other interesting thing about the back-acting, horizontal steam engine was that during the time that Benjamin Franklin Isherwood was the chief of the dept of Constrution and Repair, none of the engines failed during their use in Union Ships during the blockade.  the eccentrics, bearings, journals, and connecting rods, cranks and counterweights were made far heavier and massive than they had to be.  for a loss in efficience in an engine that developed 450 hp, you had an engine that performed wonderfully by over design.
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Well, I know kids are very fascinated by steam powered locomotives, perhaps something involving the basic mechanics of how they move?  I'm not sure how detailed it would need to be for a 1st grade project, such has how the coal is burned to produce steam, which in turn forces the driving rods to move that propels the locomotive.  Wikipedia does a good job of describing the basics.
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Well, I have no idea what a waterline is on a boat, but that's to be expected with me, isn't it  :-)   Figure on this.......somebody way way way back, when they very first decided to paint waterlines on boats, may have had the smarts to float boats of various sizes and weights and/or float models scaled to size/weight, and take notes.  So, supposing someone did that once upon a time, some other smartass made some permatable for it, and it became common practice  :-)\nIt's all a matter of physics, I'm sure.\nAre you home yet?
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I think he was a riverboat pilot.\n\nYep - a steamboat pilot on the Mississippi.  See the link below.
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Here's a list of some sites that should help you get started.\nwww.coalusa.com/store/books/history.htm \nwww.cmhrc.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk \nen.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_coal_mining \n\nNot sure what kind of mining you meant...these are about coal mining.
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Hey! I just finished learning about active transport! The teacher confused me soooo bad! I had to have a friend in my class explain it to me. I would suggest going to google and typing in "active transport" and clicking on the news tab on the top. good luck with your project!
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This may help:  http://www.heritage.org/Research/Education/CDA00-06.cfm
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http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/lardner/chap13.html\n\nhttp://geothermal.marin.org/escrap.html#B4\n\nhttp://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/thurston/1878/Chapter5.html\n\nI hope those help a little!  Good luck~
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Try Wikipedia. Watch Discovery and the History channel
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If I'm reading your description right, I think your first boat is heading up and to the right ("direction N.68 degrees E") making an angle of 68 degrees with north, or 22 degrees with east.  And I think your second boat is headed directly east ("S.90 degrees E").  So I'm assuming that they form a triangle, with one angle being 22 degrees and another one being a 90 degree angle, since we're looking for the point where one boat will be directly south of the other.\n\nThe first boat traveled 12t miles so far.  The second boat left an hour later and traveled 16(t-1) miles.\n\nThe first boat's path turns out to be the hypotenuse of the triangle, and the second boat's path will be one of the adjacent legs to the 22 degree angle.  So we can set up an equation with trig identities:\n\ncos 22 = 16(t-1)/12t\n0.9272 = 4(t-1)/3t\n2.7816t = 4t - 4\n4 = 1.2184t\nt = 3.3 hours\n\nSo after 3.3 hours, one boat will be directly south of the other.\n\nFinding that distance can be done one of several ways: using the Pythagorean theorem, sine relationships, law of cosines, etc.  I'll use sine, since we're already doing trig.  After 3.3 hours, the northernmost boat will have traveled 39.6 miles.  The distance between the boats becomes our side opposite the 22 degree angle.  So,\n\nsin 22 = distance between/39.6\ndistance = 39.6sin 22\n= 14.83 miles\n\nNow if I read the angle wrong, then simply go back and change all the "22" angles to the correct one and recalculate.
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wagons, horses, trains, canals, steamboats, and uh FEET!\nalso in the early 1900's they began making cars
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During what "early times"?  Can you give the years  or era?\n\nHere's one:  Mechanical Roasting on the Hearth\n\nhttp://www.aross.binome.com/journal/articles.html  (it has pictures and diagrams, as well as an article about it.  That whole website may have more for you -- visit the HomePage of it and go from there.)\n\nGood luck!!   :)\n\n[Edit]  Wow!  I am SO sorry!  I just got your e-mail & replied.  In the event you see this first, I am writing the info here.  Apparently, the link above gives you a "front page" (with an article called "Hearth-to-Hearth").  At the bottom, there is a drop down menu.  In it (near the bottom) is "Mechanical Roasting on the Hearth".  Click on it -- it should take you to the page of devices.  The drawings are there.  \n\nI did (originally) to find the info for you.  I copied and pasted the address above from that devices page -- but it must be set up such that one always gets that front page.  I am really so sorry.  I hope you get this -- or "an answer" -- before your homework's due!!  Again, so sorry.   :)   - Clar