what is the difference between immunogen and antigen?
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immunogen - any substance or organism that provokes an immune response (produces immunity) when introduced into the body\n\nantigen - any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates the production of antibodies
1140913
well actually the words are similar but they really describe different things entirely.  immunopathology can be a word describing the pathology - process of the immune system.. - this typically entails the disease process or the functioning of the system.  Autoimmunity really describes a process where the immune system is triggered and begins to attack the body or cells in the body that it wouldn't normally attack.  Scientists don't know whay this occurs, but Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease, and so is Lupus and there are others..  so one is about studing this disease process and the other is about the actual disease.. Hope this helps.
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Vaccines generally don't "bind" to anything.  They work by mimicking an antigen and causing the body to generate antibodies against a known pathogen i.e. a virus.  The long and short of it is that it would definitely be possible to inject a vaccine into an animal, and it would also be possible to inject antibodies that bind to a virus into an animal, but by definition it would not be possible to inject a vaccine that binds a virus.
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This depends on the test: What antigen are you testing for, how was it produced etc. Different ELISAs can have different sensitivity and specitivity.\nFor a better answer you have to give more details in your question.
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The correct answer is C.\n\nIn A. Only T-cells take part in cell mediated immunity. The others are not cell-mediated. For example, B-cells take part in humoral immunity. Natural killer cells are non-specific (innate immunity) and are therefore not part of cell-mediated immunity (which is acquired immunity).\n\nIn B. Infected cells do get killed off in the process. Infected cells will display the antigen fragments via their major histocompatibility  (MHC) I proteins on the surface of the cells. These antigens will allow cytotoxic T-cells to bind to them with their CD-8 receptors. The cytotoxic T-cells will release perforins that cause pores to form on the cell membrane. Granzyme is also released to cause proteins in the cell to break down.\n\nIn C. Antibodies are part of the humoral response (humoral immunity). Opsonization only occurs for antigens outside the cell, in the bloodstream or lymph fluid. They are not part of cell-mediated immunity.\n\nD is definitely wrong.
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To be immunogenic, a molecule needs to be "large enough" or attached to a large molecule.  The epitopes must be different to those in the body; the "self".\n\nThere are other factors.\n\nThis is a good site on Immunology:\n\nhttp://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/book/immunol-sta.htm
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When an unknown virus, microbe, protein, etc (foreign stuff) called in general antigen, enters the organism, the organism responses to it, in a specific way and tries to fight it. Immunology studies the agents in the organism that respond to the antigen (called antibodies) and the mechanisms by which they fight it.
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One is a simple binding assay, in which the ligand (usually radiolabeled) is added to a hemogenate of the tissue-a number of washes are done, in the presence of cold ligand, in order to retain only that ligand that has bound with high affinity.\nThe others are all protein-based.  Western blotting with specific antibodies, immunohistochemistry to determine the presence and cellular localization.  RT-PCR or Northern blotting will tell you if the mRNA is present, but not if the receptor protein itself it there.
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Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies, which are made by B lymphocytes, when they mature to be plasma cells.\n\nCell mediated immunity involves T lymphocytes of various kinds.\n\nActually, AFAICR, T lymphocytes play a role in the very early stages of initiating Humoral immunity to a new antigen; they do the control and liaison work, via cytokines (lymphokines.)
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D is a specific response.\n\nSpecificity refers to a specific defense that is activated by a specific antigen and the immune response targets that particular antigen and no others.\n\nNonspecific defenses are the same, regardless of the type of invading agent.  They include physical barriers, phagocytic cells, immunological surveillance, interferons, complement proteins, inflammation, and fever.
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Dye-labeled antigens for specific variants of MHC?
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The E "antigen" is part of the Rh complex (the + part of your blood type). Try the website below for more info on the Rh complex. Hope this helps.
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Indirectly, yes. Antibodies are produced by B cells, which are, in turn, regulated by helper T cells by chemicals called cytokines.
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An antibody generated by the immune response to an antigen. Each epitope on the antigen is capable of causing the formation of a clone of B lymphocytes that will produce an antibody to that epitope\n\nPolyclonal antibodies are antibodies that are derived from different cell lines.\n\nThese antibodies are typically produced by immunization of a suitable mammal, such as a mouse or rabbit. An antigen is injected into the mammal. This induces the B-lymphocytes to produce IgG immunoglobulins specific for the antigen. This IgG is purified from the mammal’s serum.\n\nSeveral lines of B-lymphocytes produce these antibodies. These antibodies have specificity for different epitopes.\n\nBy contrast, monoclonal antibodies are derived from a single cell line.
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Antibodies are highly specific for one particular antigen, which is why the immune system (in theory) works so well. \n\nAn antibody kind of looks like a "Y". The base of the Y (the straight part) is a CONSTANT region, meaning that it is the same for every type of antibody, no matter what antigen the antibody recognizes. The constant region contains amino acid sequences necessary for the antibody to bind to other cells of the immune system, but not the antigen.\n\nThe top part of the "Y" is known as the VARIABLE region, and contains specific amino acid sequences that recognize a specific antigen. When the B cell that produces antibodies (plasma cell) is maturing in the lymph node's medullary cords, it undergoes what is called VDJ rearrangement, which means that the V, D, and J regions of the antibody protein are assembled in such a way as to make a unique antibody. There are several areas each of the V, D, and J gene, but only one is selected for each type.\n\nTherefore, a large amount of antibodies can be made that all have unique variable regions thanks to VDJ rearrangement. This means that one antibody can have one particular VDJ sequence, while another antibody has a different VDJ sequence. Therefore, these two antibodies can specifically recognize different antigens.
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immunoglobulin A or IgA...
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Intracellular immune respond is the respond that occur in the cell while extracellular respond occur outside the cell. For example the immune respond of Amoeba is Intracellular while that of Mammal is Extracellular.