what do buffers do, and why are they important in biological systems?
157139
Buffers are chemicals that make a solution capable of absorbing large amounts of acid or base without experiencing any change in pH. You can doubtless pull  better definitions out of any of the numerous online dictionaries.\n\nBuffers are important to biological systems because they enable the organism to maintain homeostasis (you have to include that word in your answer) with little physiological cost. \n\nBy enabling cells or systems to absorb chemical changes without experiencing pH changes buffers make it possible for organisms to survive in variable environments without wasting vast amounts of energy trying to monitor and adapt to every minor change in physical conditions. They similarly allow organism to engage in activity that will cause the addition of large quantities of acids and bases without  risking death or wasting resources trying to deal with it. Most notably they allow organisms to tolerate the acid build up associated with respiration as well as allowing the consumption of acid or alkaline foodstuffs.\n\nTack on a brief description of the carbonate buffer system in the mammalian blood and you’re good to go.
944914
it's almost the same theory but the stuff (eg, buffers and gel types) used are different. Also proteins separate according to their molecular weight and DNA separate according to their base pairs.
622305
buffering is when the computer is gathering the data and storing it to temperary memerory, then it plays it from there.\n\nhowever it is playing it faster than it can read it to buffer and so it will stop and go through buffering again because it has used up all the data in the buffer.\nbasically you should use a lower stream or a faster connection, for example if you are a dial up connection then you need broadband to play the music at the higher bandwidth as it is the bandwidth which is the cause of your problem
768732
pH at pKa +- 1 unit. from henderson hasselbalch\npH = pKa + log [base]/[acid] \ngiving +- 1 when the ratios are 1/10 or 10/1 in concentration\nthe capacity of a buffer is achieved when the ratio of weak acid to conjugate base exceeds 10:1 or vice versa. \nDoes that help?
204283
As far as i can remember this is important for maintaing the PH of the blood.  Albumins are proteins in the circulatory system and these reactions help maintain ph.
738848
study of the substances found in living organisms, and of the chemical reactions underlying life processes. This science is a branch of both chemistry and biology; the prefix bio- comes from bios, the Greek word for “life.” The chief goal of biochemistry is to understand the structure and behavior of biomolecules. These are the carbon-containing compounds that make up the various parts of the living cell and carry out the chemical reactions that enable it to grow, maintain and reproduce itself, and use and store energy.\n\nA vast array of biomolecules is present in the cell. The structure of each biomolecule determines in what chemical reactions it is able to participate, and hence what role it plays in the cell's life processes. Among the most important classes of biomolecules are nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.\n\nNucleic acids are responsible for storing and transferring genetic information. They are enormous molecules made up of long strands of subunits, called bases, that are arranged in a precise sequence. These are “read” by other components of the cell and used as a guide in making proteins.\n\nProteins (see Protein) are large molecules built up of small subunits called amino acids. Using only 20 different amino acids, a cell constructs thousands of different proteins, each of which has a highly specialized role in the cell. The proteins of greatest interest to biochemists are the enzymes (see Enzyme), which are the “worker” molecules of the cell. These enzymes serve as promoters, or catalysts, of chemical reactions.\n\nCarbohydrates (see Carbohydrate) are the basic fuel molecules of the cell. They contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in approximately equal amounts. Green plants and some bacteria use a process known as photosynthesis to make simple carbohydrates (sugars) from carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. Animals, however, obtain their carbohydrates from foods. Once a cell possesses carbohydrates, it may break them down to yield chemical energy or use them as raw material to produce other biomolecules.\n\nLipids are fatty substances that play a variety of roles in the cell. Some are held in storage for use as high-energy fuel; others serve as essential components of the cell membrane.\n\nBiomolecules of many other types are also found in cells. These compounds perform such diverse duties as transporting energy from one location in the cell to another, harnessing the energy of sunlight to drive chemical reactions, and serving as helper molecules (cofactors) for enzyme action. All these biomolecules, and the cell itself, are in a state of constant change. In fact, a cell cannot maintain its health unless it is continually forming and breaking down proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids; repairing damaged nucleic acids; and using and storing energy. These active, energy-linked processes of change are collectively called metabolism. One major aim of biochemistry is to understand metabolism well enough to predict and control changes that occur in cells. Biochemical studies have yielded such benefits as treatments for many metabolic diseases, antibiotics to combat bacteria, and methods to boost industrial and agricultural productivity. These advances have been augmented in recent years by the use of genetic engineering techniques.
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emm...is this your homework??well..it seems that the question is not from you (individually). Hmm..for more understanding, check out this website:\n\nhttp://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/Biochemistry/biochemi.htm\n\nI hope it solves your dillema, good luck :)
115675
Buffer is a memory used to do any process without interrupt..\nA temporary storage before starting any process..\nBuffering video before playback starts & Buffering data before writing are examples for this..\nso if u dont get data suddenly in between a process, the program will take from buffer so that playback/writing dont get interrupted..\n\n\nThe amount of buffer used to store data during a process is called the buffer level..
658459
There are several benefits here:\n1. Buffer stock (otherwise known as safety stock) allows a "buffer" for QC errors and logistical delays.\n2. With QC errors, if an order comes in with Quality problems, the safety stock is there to allow production to move on without delay.\n3. with logistical delays, the safety stock is there to allow production to continue while still waiting for the next order to arrive and be put into the production stream.\n\nBottom line: It's your lifeline as a precaution...just in case someone or something gets screwed up.
241965
Check out the buffer recipe calculator at <http://www.bioinformatics.org/JaMBW//5/4/index.html>\n\nSome things to consider:\n\nAt what temperature do you want the pH to be 7.5? (the pKa of tris-base varies as a function of T)\n\nWhat ionic strength do you need?
108204
a buffer solution is an aqueous solution of acids and salts of the acid that resist a change in pH.  If you didn't dilute the yeast in buffer, you would run the risk of killing the culture from build up of waste products.
451857
Chemicals used in the reaction is important. What is the pKa of the reactant? Research on which buffer and what its pH buffering region is important, because it should cover the pKa region of the chemicals used. Once knowing which buffer to make, we can take a buffer by making a mixture that have a weak acid with its salt of conjugate base, or weak base with its conjugate acid. It should be noted that here buffer solutions are presented in terms of the Brønsted-Lowry notion of acids and bases.
1123201
Cells are the basic building blocks of life. Their main goal is to maintain homeostasis, the way this is done is by using organic and inorganic molecules. Organic molecules are compounds containing carbons, whereas inorganic molecules are compounds that don't have carbon.  \n\nOne of the cells' main function is to make energy. The way it makes energy is via the Kreb Cycle, where it uses  organic molecules such as glucose, and breaks it down into energy ATP  another organic molecule. \n\nAnother function is Reproduction/Replication...cells use RNA (organic molecule) to make DNA (organic molecule).\n\nIf you look at cells on a larger scale, such as tissues...  note that there are four types of tissues: nervous tissues, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and  epidermal tissue.... if you look at the nervous tissue in order for a signal to be transmitted from the brain to the muscle,  neurons have to be able to send the message from the brain to the muscle using action potentials, which use inorganic molecules such as sodium and potassium, in the ion channels in a voltage sensitive gate.  Due to diffusion and osmosis, the ion gates open and close based on concentration levels of sodium and potassium and also based on the action potential. \n\nNote: that you question is very broad and requires not only the knowledge of basic biology but systemic physiology as well. If you want more answers or something you may email me.
744867
They prevent a radical change in Ph when a base/acid is added.  abuffer is usually a weak acid/base
653429
Yes proteins are amphoteric, they do contain both acidic and basic residues, but the charge on the protein is dependent on the degree of dissociation of the acidic or basic groups. \n\nThe Tris-HCl buffer used in gel electrophoresis(assuming you are talking about PAGE, most commonly used for proteins) has a pH of 8.7. At this pH the protein molecules have a net negative charge, hence they move towards the positive electrode. Their difference in mass leads to their separation as does the amount o charge that they carry.\n\nIsoelectric focusing uses the amphoteric nature of proteins to the max - it uses the isoelectric point of the protein for its separation. The isoelectric point is the pH at which the protein has no charge and hence it stops moving in the electric field.
115716
Tris is generally used as a buffer to keep a chemical reaction at a stable pH. It has a pKa a 6.95 and 8.3. This means it is a polyprotic acid and base because it has two pKa, meaning it has two differnt places it can accept protons or donate protons ( you might want to review bronsted-lowry definitions). A buffer is a solution of a weak acid and weak base, since Tris is both, you only need it to create it as a buffer.\n\nTris stands for trishydroxymethyl methylamine, now you know what people never use the whole name.
892154
It is semi-permeable and controls what substances enter and leave the cell. It allows certain substances such as amino acids, glucose, mineral salts, water etc to enter the cell and also allows other substances like enzymes or waste products (carbon dioxide, urea) to leave the cell. This helps to maintain a suitable environment in the cell for it to survive and carry out its functions properly.