What is the basic idea of Irving Stein in his book, The Concept of Object as the Foundations of Physics?
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Go to the link\nhttp://www.quantonics.com/Steins_TCoOatFoP_Review.html
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Of course, physical principles underly every weapon system or other artifact of war.  But even restricting ourselves to the deliberate application of known physical principles, we find that physics has been used for military defense for millenia.  Archmides supposedly used focusing lenses (though if it really happened it was probably done with mirrors, not lenses,) to set fire to the ships of invading enemies.  \n\nThe other way around works too.  Warfare has often inspired advancement in the knowledge of physics.  For example, Galileo's sketches of the flight of canonballs inspired his work on projectile motion.
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Sir Isaac Newton, held the theory that light was made up of tiny particles. In 1678, Dutch physicist, Christiaan Huygens, believed that light was made up of waves vibrating up and down perpendicular to the direction of  the light travels, and therefore formulated a way of visualising wave propagation. This became known as 'Huygens' Principle'.  Huygens theory was the successful theory of light  wave motion in three dimensions. Huygen, suggested that light wave peaks form surfaces like the layers of an onion. In a vacuum, or other uniform mediums, the light waves are spherical, and these wave surfaces advance or spread out as they travel at the speed of light. This theory explains why light shining through a pin hole or slit will spread out rather than going in a straight line (see diffraction). Newton's theory came first, but the theory of Huygens, better described early experiments. Huygens' principle lets you predict where a given wavefront will be in the future, if you have the knowledge of where the given wavefront is in the present.
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physics of the human body
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A sphere is the shape that forms where all points are as close to the source of gravity as possible. If it was a cube, the corners would "fall" toward the center, forming a sphere.
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Physics (from the Greek, φυσικός (physikos), "natural", and φύσις (physis), "nature") is the science of the natural world, which deals with the fundamental constituents of the universe, the forces they exert on one another, and the results of these forces. Sometimes, in modern physics, a more sophisticated approach is taken that incorporates elements of the three areas listed above; it relates to the laws of symmetry and conservation, such as those pertaining to energy, momentum, charge, and parity.[1] Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena spanning all length scales: from the subatomic particles of which all ordinary (i.e., baryonic) matter is made (particle physics) to the behavior of the material universe as a whole (cosmology).
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Quantum physics is the study of the behavior of matter and energy at the molecular, atomic, nuclear, and even smaller microscopic levels. In the early 20th century, it was discovered that the laws that govern macroscopic objects do not function the same in such small realms.\n\nWhat Does Quantum Mean?: "Quantum" comes from the Latin meaning "how much." It refers to the discrete units of matter and energy that are predicted by and observed in quantum physics. Even space and time, which appear to be extremely continuous, have smallest possible values.\n\nAs scientists gained the technology to measure with greater precision, strange phenomena was observed. The birth of quantum physics is attributed to Max Planck's 1900 paper on blackbody radiation. Development of the field was done by Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrodinger, and many others. Ironically, Albert Einstein had serious theoretical issues with quantum mechanics and tried for many years to disprove or modify it.
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hmmm... \n\nWell the book that got me turned on to physics was "The source book on atomic energy"\n\nThis book starts off at newton and goes up to the nuclear reactors and basicly every thing that was known about nuclear technoolgy at the time (the book is about 50 years old).  It is not quantum mechanics, but it is modern physics.  And modern physics is the start to quantum.  It will give you ALL the backround that you need to know to start to really learn quantum. Also it is very easy to read (I read it the summer after my freshman year in college)  \n\nanother serise of book (also not quite to hard quantum yet) are the "Mr Tompkins" series.  he describes things like the atom and relitivity very well and in a hands on approch.  \n\n\nNow for quantum... I did read one decent book, but i can not remeber what it was.  Just go to your local library and do a search for quantum mechanics and pick up the shortest paper back you can find.  they are all written by very smart people and they are writen so that every on can under stand them.  \n\nI am sorry I did not help to much with a Quantum book, but the other two books that I recomended are very good and will put you directely on the right path towards understanding modern physics,  and you can not understand quantum with out understanding modern (actualy there is usualy a bit of quantum is modern physics classes)
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Quantum Physics is the Science and Study of Atomic Particles, the most basic of which is the Electron, the Proton and the Neutron, and the futher study of the constituent parts of those particles, Quarks, Muons, Gluons, etc etc etc.\n\nThe Standard Model is the best way to learn these particles. There is (apparently) no rhyme or reason as to the why's and wherefor's of the Standard Model - meaning that nobody knows WHY the weights are what they are, nobody knows why the numbers shake out the way they do and the particles organize themselves the way they do - this is one of the last great mysteries of Physics that modern M-Theory (String or SuperString Theory) is attempting to answer.\n\nHere's a good link or three\n\nOf them all, I would recommend the Wiki as a great place to start... Take notes, it's fairly complex, you can do it!
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Physics (from the Greek, φύσις (phúsis), "nature" and φυσική (phusiké), "knowledge of nature") is the science concerned with the discovery and understanding of the fundamental laws which govern matter, energy, space and time. That is, physics deals with the elementary constituents of the Universe and their interactions, as well as the analysis of systems which are best understood in terms of these fundamental principles. Physics is a study of the inorganic, physical world, as opposed to the organic world of biology, physiology, etc. [1] Physics overlaps with chemistry concerning the electro-chemical interactions of substances.\nCentral theories\n\nWhile physics deals with a wide variety of systems, there are certain theories that are used by all physicists. Each of these theories were experimentally tested numerous times and found correct as an approximation of nature (within a certain domain of validity). For instance, the theory of classical mechanics accurately describes the motion of objects, provided they are much larger than atoms and moving at much less than the speed of light. These theories continue to be areas of active research; for instance, a remarkable aspect of classical mechanics known as chaos was discovered in the 20th century, three centuries after the original formulation of classical mechanics by Isaac Newton (1642–1727). These "central theories" are important tools for research into more specialized topics, and any physicist, regardless of his or her specialization, is expected to be literate in them.\n\n    * Classical mechanics is a model of the physics of forces acting upon bodies. It is often referred to as "Newtonian mechanics" after Newton and his laws of motion. Classical mechanics is subdivided into statics (which models objects at rest), kinematics (which models objects in motion), and dynamics (which models objects subjected to forces). See also mechanics.\n\n    * Electromagnetism, or electromagnetic theory, is the physics of the electromagnetic field: a field, encompassing all of space, which exerts a force on those particles that possess the property of electric charge, and is in turn affected by the presence and motion of such particles. Electromagnetism encompasses various real-world electromagnetic phenomena.\n\n    * Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the action of heat and the conversions from one to another of various forms of energy. Thermodynamics is particularly concerned with how these affect temperature, pressure, volume, mechanical action, and work. Historically, it grew out of efforts to construct more efficient heat engines — devices for extracting useful work from expanding hot gases.\n\n    * Statistical mechanics, a related theory, is the branch of physics that analyzes macroscopic systems by applying statistical principles to their microscopic constituents and, thus, can be used to calculate the thermodynamic properties of bulk materials from the spectroscopic data of individual molecules.\n\n    * Quantum mechanics is the branch of mathematical physics treating atomic and subatomic systems and their interaction with radiation in terms of observable quantities. It is based on the observation that all forms of energy are released in discrete units or bundles called quanta. Quantum theory typically permits only probable or statistical calculation of the observed features of subatomic particles, understood in terms of wave functions.\n\n    * The theory of relativity, or relativity theory, is:\n\n    *\n          o A physical theory which is based on two postulates (1) that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant and independent of the source or observer and (2) that it is impossible to determine ones absolute velocity in any inertial systems and which leads to the deduction of the equivalence of mass and energy and of change in mass, dimension, and time with increased velocity — called also spec
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The idea that the matter consists of minimum units, i.e. atoms, was proposed by an ancient Greek philosopher, Demokritos (Ancient Greece, ~ B.C. 500). "Atom" means "unable to be divided".  ]\n\nDemokritos thought that this world is made of the atoms which are moving in the "empty" which spread infinitely. \n\nGreeks have only first name
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I'll just cite the theories I know (I'M SURE OF THIS ANSWERS BUT THE NEXT ONES>>> 50/50.. ^^\nWave theory of light\nParticle Theory of light\nElectromagnetic theory \nQuantum theory \nPhotoelectric Theory\n\n\nOr you can check this out at www.wikipedia.org\nbut i'm not really sure if it is.. but i think... ^^ \nOverview\nA physical theory is a model of physical events and cannot be proven from basic axioms. A physical theory is different from a mathematical theorem; physical theories model reality and are a statement of what has been observed, and provide predictions of new observations.\n\nHence, more is involved than the application, or even invention, of mathematics — to wit: concept formation. Archimedes realized that one could determine the volume of an irregularly-shaped object by immersing it in a liquid, and that a ship floats by displacing its weight of water. Pythagoras understood the relation between the length of a vibrating string and the musical tone it produces, and how to calculate the length of a rectangle's diagonal. Other examples include entropy as a measure of the uncertainty regarding the positions and motions of unseen particles and the quantum mechanical idea that (action and) energy are not continuously variable. Sometimes it is the vision of mathematicians which provides the clue; e.g., the notion, due to Riemann and others, that space itself might be curved.\n\nTheoretical advances often consist in setting aside old paradigms\n\nHeat is a fluid called caloric. \nBurning consists of evolving phlogiston. \nAstronomical bodies revolve around the Earth. \noften replacing them with new ones\n\nPhysical objects are made up of molecules and atoms. \nDiseases can be caused by unseen microbes. \nEnergy is exchanged in discrete packets called quanta. \nPhysical theories become accepted if they are able to make correct predictions and avoid incorrect ones. All else being equal, simple theories tend to be accepted over theories which are complex. (But conceptual simplicity may mean mathematical complexity.) They are also more likely to be accepted if they connect a wide range of phenomena. Testing the consequences of a theory is part of the scientific method.\n\nPhysical theories can be grouped into three categories: mainstream theories, proposed theories and fringe theories.\n\n[edit]\nHistory\nFor more details on this topic, see History of physics. \nTheoretical physics began, at least 2,300 years ago under the pre-Socratic Greek philosophers, and continued by Plato; and Aristotle, whose views held sway for a millennium. In medieval times, during the rise of the universities, the only acknowledged intellectual disciplines were theology, mathematics, medicine, and law. As the concepts of matter, energy, space, time and causality slowly began to acquire the form we know today, other sciences spun off from the rubric of natural philosophy. During the Renaissance, the modern concept of experimental science, the counterpoint to theory, began with Francis Bacon. The modern era of theory began perhaps with the Copernican paradigm shift in astronomy, soon followed by the actual planetary orbits due to Kepler, based on the meticulous observations of Tycho.\n\nThe great push toward the modern concept of explanation started with Galileo, one of the few physicists who was both a consummate theoretician and a great experimentalist. The analytic geometry and mechanics of Descartes was incorporated into the calculus and mechanics of Isaac Newton, another theoretician/experimentalist of the highest order. Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Leonhard Euler and William Rowan Hamilton would extend the theory of classical mechanics considerably. Each of these individuals picked up the interactive intertwining of mathematics and physics begun two millennia earlier by Pythagoras.\n\nAmong the great conceptual achievements of the 19th and 20th centuries were the consolidation of the idea of energy by the inclusion of h
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Quantum physics is a fundamental physical theory that replaces Newtonian mechanics and classical electromagnetism at the atomic and subatomic levels.  It is the underlying framework of many fields of physics and chemistry, including condensed matter physics, quantum chemistry, and particle physics. Often, it is the answer to questions when general relativity fails.
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the theory that light, and all electromagnetic radiation (radio waves, x-rays, microwaves) travels as a wave, like the ripples on a plucked string. these waves look like sine and cosine graphs.\n\n\nthis was proved to be an incomplete picture by eistein's analysis of the photoelectric effect, for which he won the nobel prize. this showed light was in fact made of particles called photons. however, quantum wave theory now tells us that all matter is both a particle and aa wave; the matter is contained in a particle, but the location of the particle is determined by a wave.
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Mass is a property of a physical object that quantifies the amount of matter and energy it is equivalent to. Mass is a central concept of classical mechanics and related subjects, and there are several forms of mass within the framework of relativistic kinematics (see mass in special relativity and mass in General Relativity). In the theory of relativity, the quantity invariant mass, which in concept is close to the classical idea of mass, does not vary between single observers in different reference frames.\n\n\nVolume is a quantification of how much space a certain region occupies. The international standard unit for volume is the cubic metre (American spelling: cubic meter). Volume should not be confused with capacity which is the maximum amount that a container can hold.\nThe volume of a solid object is a numerical value given to describe the three-dimensional concept of how much space it occupies. One-dimensional objects (such as lines) and two-dimensional objects (such as squares) are assigned zero volume in the three-dimensional space.\n\nDensity (symbol: ρ - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per volume. The average density of an object equals its total mass divided by its total volume. An object made from a comparatively dense material (such as iron) will have less volume than an object of equal mass made from some less dense substance (such as water). The SI unit of density is the kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m3)  P=m/v\n \nwhere\n\nρ is the object's density (measured in kilograms per cubic meter) \nm is the object's total mass (measured in kilograms) \nV is the object's total volume (measured in cubic meters)
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It was first proposed by the Ancient Greeks, then expounded upon by Newton, then again by Einstein, and most recently by our friend Hawking.\n\nHere is what Einstein proposed:\n\nEinstein proposed that light was not a continuous wave, but consisted of localized particles. As Einstein wrote in the introduction to a March, 1905 paper, "According to the assumption to be contemplated here, when a light ray is spreading from a point, the energy is not distributed continuously over ever-increasing spaces, but consists of a finite number of energy quanta that are localized in points in space, move without dividing, and can be absorbed or generated only as a whole."\n\nHope that helps.
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This is a book about learning, that arrives at a new paradigm by merging ideas from biology, cybernetics and psychology. \nThe American psychologist Gary Cziko takes inspiration from the 19th-century French psychologist Claude Bernard, who "discovered" the self-regulating nature of living organisms. \nBernard realized that each living organism is a system built to maintain a constant internal state in the face of changing external conditions. The regulation of this "mieliu interieur" is life itself, because it is this stable state that gives the organism its independence from the environment, its identity. This is the dividing line that separates animate and inanimate matter: inanimate matter obeys Newton's laws of cause and effect, animate matter tends to maintain its state no matter what external forces are applied. Unlike objects, whose state is changed when a force is applied, the state of a living organism is not changed by an external force. The living organism, as long as it is alive, maintains its state constant. \nThe "purposeful" behavior of a living organism is the reaction to environmental forces: the organism needs to act in order to continuously restore its state. A body seems to "want", "intend", "desire" to maintain its internal state (either by eating, moving, sleeping, etc), a state that, ultimately, is a combination of chemical content and temperature. Living bodies appear to act purposedly, but they are simply reacting to the environment. \nFor Bernard "freedom" is independence from the environment. Control of the internal state allows a living organism to live in many different environments. The living organism is "free" in that is not a slave of its environment. \nBernard's idea of self-regulation extended to all living organisms. Humans are not the only ones to have "goals". \nNow Cziko turns to another important precursor, although in a completely different discipline: cybernetics. \nThe American electrical engineer William Powers extended these ideas to a hierarchical organization of control systems. First of all, he realized that a control system controls what it senses: it controls its input (the perception), not its output (the behavior). A thermostat controls the temperature, not the gas consumed by the heater. Organisms change their behavior, but they do it in order to control a perception. Behavior is the control of perception. \nNext, he envisioned a system which is made of a pyramid of control systems, each one sending its output to some "lower-level" control systems. The lowest level in the hierarchy is made of control systems that use sensors to sense the environment and effectors to act on the environment, and some "reference level" to determine what they have to maintain constant. For example, a thermostat would sense the environment's temperature, effect the heater and maintain constant the measured temperature. At a higher level, a control system senses and effects the reference level of lower-level control systems. An engine could direct a thermostat to maintain a certain temperature. The reference level of the lower level is determined by the control systems of the higher level. \nLiving organisms are made of such hierarchies of control systems. "Instinctive" behavior is the control system (organized in a hierarchy) that the organism inherits at birth. They determine internally what parameters have to be maintain constant, and at which magnitude. Behavior is a backward chain of behaviors: walking up the hierarchy one finds out why the system is doing what it is doing (e.g., it is keeping the temperature at some many degrees because the engine is running at so many RPMs because... etc etc). The hierarchy is a hierarchy of goals (goals that have to be achieved in order to achieve other goals in order to achieve other goals in order to...) \nNext, Cziko turns