what is electrolytes and how do they work?
145450
Minerals (eg - sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium) that regulate bodily functions. Small amounts are lost in sweat and need to be replaced through the use of energy drinks like Cytomax.\nIf you have been vomiting a lot you will lose a lot of your electrolytes. Sometimes in hospitals, you see people on Potassium 'drips' which put Potassium and other electrolytes straight into their bloodstream...
209349
Not a whole lot... but I can see how. Fluid in some plants can be electrolytic.
1153271
When muscles are stimulated, sodium flows into muscle cells & then potassium flows out. The muscle cell then has a pump (called the Na+-K+ ATPase) that is in charge of pumping the sodium back out of the cell and the potassium back in. During heavy exercise, this pump cannot keep up - so too much potassium ends up outside the cell. This is hyperkalemia.
205637
Methanol battery is a fuel cell design.\nSo how does a fuel cell work? "The fuel cell is based on the reverse principle of water electrolysis...[Fuel cells] work by having hydrogen and oxygen react to generate electricity..."
976855
Ions are basically charged atoms. The formula of an ion can be found out if you have the valency of the atom. You can figure out the valency of any atom by finding the group at which the atom is located in the periodic table. For example, Sodium (Na) is located in group 1A of the periodic table. Hence the valency is +1. The formula of the sodium ion would be Na+1.\n\nHope that helps!
372993
If you mean the decomposition of a chemical (electrolyte) by the passage of an electric current, you just get two electrodes (pieces of metal) that won't be attacked by the chemical or its electrolysis products and stick them in the electrolyte, and then connect the electrodes to a source of electrical current. You have to experiment with the voltage to be sure it is enough to produce electrolysis at a reasonable rate. If you want to collect any gaseous products of electrolysis, you can let the gas bubble up into an inverted container that is initally filled with the electrolyte. \nElectroplating (ref.) is a related phenomenon. In this case one electrode, connected to a negative voltage, is the metal item you want to receive the plating and the other, connected to a positive voltage, is the metal that provides the plating. The electrolyte is a water solution of a salt of the plating metal.
1042182
A normal chemical battery or pencil cell converts the chemical energy stored in it to electrical energy.The reactions between zinc and copper sulphate produces the reqiured energy.\nAbout stryroform...well frankly speaking I dont have the slightest idea...but u can try \nwww.answers.com\nmaybe it will help u
913005
The Term "Weak Electrolyte" only refers to how much of the compound dissolves into its ions.\n\nFor example, HCl is a strong acid because it completely dissociates into H+ and Cl-.  A weak acid only had a fraction of the initial amount dissolve.  Weak acids CAN have a lot of strength but it would require high concentration so more Ions could dissolve...\n\nBack to the point, Strong electrolytes dissolve completely (or near complete).  Weak electrolytes can have a high concentration, causing it to be able to carry a STRONG current because of the large amount of ion dissociation.
894576
Diffusion is simply the natural movement of ions and small molecules, usually from one side of a membrane to another, but also throughout a liquid. They always flow from more concentrated to less concentrated. So the concentration gradient between the cell and its environment determines which direction the molecules/ions move.
139481
What I think you want is how do you split ionic compounds into ions.  Solutions!\n\nWhen you have an ionic compound, like salt (NaCl) you can split the compound into its ions by dissolving it in water.\n\n     (H2O)\nNaCl(s) ----->  Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)\n\nThe (s) means solid, cause salt is a solid.  When you put it in water, it changes from (s) to (aq) which means aqueous.  Aqueos basically means that the substance is an ion in a water solution.\n\nHope this helps.
846516
Yes, it actually is that simple. Potassium bonds very well to both chloride and bicarbonate. Potassium has a +1 charge, while both chloride and bicarbonate have a -1 charge.\n\nCheck out this site for a detailed description of these three electrolytes and their effect on the body:\n\nhttp://www.medicinenet.com/electrolytes/article.htm
142110
I assume you mean resting potential of the cell, for example a neuron.  It is created by biological pumps that pump ions into or out of the cell at to set up a specific electrochemical gradient.  So you get a voltage across the cell membrane along with a concentration gradient of sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium.  When a signal is present it opens differnt pores that allow ions to cross the membrane quickly which causes an action potential and the desired effect, whether it be neurotransmitter being released, or calcium from the Sarcoplasmic reticulum.  The resting potential is the standard state for a cell maintained by the Na/K pump as well as calcium and chloride pumps that are generally ATP dependent.  ATP is the energy of the cell.  I can't remember off the top of my head if extracellular/intracellular concentrations of K,Na, Ca, and Cl but this shoudl give you the general idea.
929685
When you have weak electrolytes, (equillibria in general) you should make the following table.\n\n1. write the reaction\n\nHNO2 <=> H+ + NO2-\n\n2.Put the initial amounts (expressed as concentration) of each molecule. In this case we have only the concentration of HNO2, so\n\n.. .. .. .. .. .. HNO2 <=> H+ + NO2-\nInitial .. .. .. .. 0.5\n\n3.Assume that an unknown amount "x" of the reactants react.\nThen write also how much of each product you expect to be produced according to the stoichiometry. In this case 1 mole of HNO2 gives one mole of H+  and NO2-, so x mole/L HNO2 will  give x mole/L of each and our table becomes\n\n.. .. .. .. .. .. HNO2 <=> H+ + NO2-\nInitial .. .. .. .. 0.5\nDissociate .. ..x\nProduce .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..x .. .. .x\n\n4. Ka is an expression for the concentrations at equilibrium. So let's see what are those. For the reactants you will have initial-what reacted. We have only HNO2 with 0.5-x. For the products it will be the initial+what was produced. We didn't have any intial so it is only what was produced (x for both of the products). Thus the table in its final form is \n\n.. .. .. .. .. .. HNO2 <=> H+ + NO2-\nInitial .. .. .. .. 0.5\nDissociate .. ..x\nProduce .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..x .. .. .x\nAt Equil. .. .. 0.5-x .. .. .. x .. .. .x\n\nKa= [H+][NO2-]/[HNO2] = x^2/(0.5-x)\nNow you either solve the quadratic equation and find x, or we assume that 0.5 >>x and practically 0.5-x=0.5.\nThen Ka=x^2/0.5=4*10^-14 =>\nx=squareroot(2*10^-14)= 1.4*10^-7. It is much smaller than 0.5 so our assumption is valid (otherwise we would have to solve the quadratic and get an exact solution).\n\nFor a simple level of chemistry we would now say\npH=-log[H+]= -logx =-log(1.4*10^-7) = 6.85\n\nHowever for more advanced and accurate expectations we see that the H+ coming from HNO2 is found to be in the same order of magnitude as that coming from the self dissociation of water (10^-7 for distilled water). Therefore in this case we cannot ignore the self dissociation of water (as we usually do) for calculating the pH. \nThere are 2 approaches for this case, here is one of them.\nRemember that we didn't put an initial amount for H+ since in most cases we ignore the self dissociation of water. Now we will consider that we had pure water, so the initial concentration of H+ is 10^-7 and we want to see how much the HNO2 will dissociate under these conditions so our table becomes\n\n.. .. .. .. .. .. HNO2 <=> H+ + NO2-\nInitial .. .. .. .. 0.5 .. .. .. 10^-7\nDissociate .. ..x\nProduce .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..x .. .. .x\nAt Equil. .. .. 0.5-x .. 10^-7+x. .x\n\nand Ka=(10^-7+x)x/(0.5-x)\nNow we have to solve the quadratic so we can't do any simplification\n\n0.5Ka-Kax=10^-7x +x^2 =>\nx^2+ (10^-7+Ka)x-0.5Ka=0\n\nThe only acceptable solution is the positive one\nx=0.5(- (10^-7+Ka)+ squareroot (D))\nwhere D=(10^-7+Ka)^2-4*(-0.5Ka)=\n=(10^-7+4*10^-14)^2-4*(-0.5*4*10^-14)\n=9*10^-14\n\nand x=0.5*(-((10^-7))+4*10^-14) +3*10^-7) =10^-7\n\nso now pH=-log(10^-7+x) =-log(2*10^-7) = 6.70
65018
If you REALLY want to know about this take a look at my source.  But I can summarize it for you.  Think of water as something that assists chemical reactions in a cell.  Without it the cell is powerless.\n\nWater also acts as a transportation mechanism to "take out the trash", as well as "bring in the goods."  As far as energy goes, this is something that is driven by the Kreb Cycle in the Mitochondria of a cell. This process actually produces water.
732031
Sodium bicarbonate in solid form is a poor conductor.    However, it will ionize when dissolved in water and conduct electricity then.
81850
http://www.pca-gmbh.com/appli/ed.htm:\nElectrodialysis is used to transport salt from one solution, the diluate, to another solution (concentrate) by applying an electric current. This is done in an  electrodialysis cell providing all necessary elements for this process. The conentrate and diluate are separated by the membranes into the two different process streams (concentrate and diluate), as shown in the figure below. An electric current is applied, moving the salt over the membranes.\n\nApplications:\n# Desalination of salt water\n# Stabilisation of wine\n# Whey demineralisation\n# Pharmaceutical application\n# Pickling bath recycling \n\n\n---------------------------------------\nhttp://www.ionics.com/industries/food/index.htm:\nMajor Applications in the Food, Beverage, and Dairy Industries:\n\n    * Brine clarification for cheese and processed meats\n    * Concentration of whey, skim milk, whole milk, and sugar solutions\n    * Demineralization of cheese whey\n    * Fractionation and concentration of proteins\n    * Fruit juice de-ashing, clarification and concentration\n    * Wastewater recovery\n    * Water purification for beer production\n---------------------------------------------------------\nhttp://www.electrosynthesis.com/ess/apps.html\nApplications of Electrodialysis\n\nReduce Electrolyte Content\nPotable from brackish water\nFood products - whey, milk, soy sauce, fruit juice\nNitrate from drinking water\nCooling tower water\nBoiler feed water\nRinse water for electronics processing\nEffluent streams\nElectroless plating baths\nBlood plasma to recover proteins\nPickle brines to recover flavor\nSugar and molasses\nAmino acids\nPotassium tartrate from wine\nChloride purge in Kraft paper process\nPhotographic developer regeneration\nFiber reactive dyes Recover Electrolytes\nPure NaCl from seawater\nAg(I) salts from photographic waste\nNi(II) from electroplating rinse waters\nZn(II) from galvanizing rinse water\nSalts of organic acids from fermentation broth\nAmino acids from protein hydrolysates\nAcids from metal pickling baths and rinse \nHCl from cellulose hydrolysate\nMiscellaneous\nSalt splitting\nMetathesis\nConcentrate reverse osmosis brines\nIon substitution\n-----------------------------------------------------\nhttp://www.stewartpostharvest.com/August_2005/Liu.htm#_Electrodialysis_in_postharvest_food\n:\nElectrodialysis in postharvest food processing\n\nElectrodialysis is a membrane process used for separating ions in the solution through selective permeable ion exchange membranes when a voltage is applied across a pair of anode and cathode that sandwich the ion exchange membranes situated in a number of compartments [21]. In addition to ions in solution, ionizable organic molecules can also be separated with ED. The most common use of electrodialysis in postharvest processing of fruits and vegetables is deacidification of fruit juices [22, 23]. Various ED systems with homopolar and biopolar membrane for passion fruit juice deacidification were studied and the designs that consisted of more than two compartments or having both homopolar and biopolar membranes were found to work better than the traditional design of homopolar membranes in two compartments [24]. ED in deacidification of fruit juice is designed to compete with ion exchange processes. It is claimed that ED is better a method than the ion exchange because ED does not change organoleptic characteristics and gives better flavor [25]. However, ED is a rather expensive process in terms of energy and material consumption. In addition to passion fruit, other fruit juices such as orange, grape, pineapple, and lemon are also reported [26, 27]. Other uses or potential uses of ED in fruit or vegetable related areas include recovery of tartaric acid from fruit juice wastewater [28] and removal of nitrate and arsenic contaminants from vegetable juices.
501363
It helps to regulate water flow into and out of cells among other things.\n\nHere's a better explanation:\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_chloride