What is the significance of compressibility factor?
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In thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, compressibility is a measure of the relative volume change of fluid or solid as a response to a pressure (or mean stress) change.\n\nCompressibility is an important notion in aerodynamics. At low speeds, the compressibility of air is not important for aircraft design, but as the airflow nears and exceeds the speed of sound, a host of new aerodynamic effects become important in the design of aircraft. These effects, often several of them at a time, made it very difficult for World War II era aircraft to reach speeds much beyond 500mph.\n\nThe term "compressibility" is also used in thermodynamics to describe the deviance in the thermodynamic properties of a real gas from those expected from an ideal gas.
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Water can be compressed, but very little even at high pressures.  For practical design purposes, water is considered an incompressible fluid, that is, its density does not change with pressure.  The reason anything is compressible is due to how close the atoms are packed together.  If you think about air, it is highly compressible because there is considerable spacing between the atoms, so it is relatively easy to force the atoms closer together.  When you have a liquid, the atoms are much closer together and considerable pressure is required to make them any closer.  Temperature also plays a factor in density and thus \ncompressibility.
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Sound is a type of longitudinal, mechanical wave. They need a medium to propagate and will not travel through a vacuum. Sound travels at different speed in different media. The speed of sound is determined by the density (ρ) and compressibility (β) of the medium. Density is the amount of material in a given volume, and compressibility is a meaasure of how much a substance could be compacted for a given pressure. The denser and the more compressible, the faster the sound waves would travel. Therefore, the speed of sound is about four times faster in water than in air. The speed of sound in a medium can be determined by the equation  …\n\nv = (βρ)-1/2\n\nWhere …\n\nv is the speed of sound,\nβ is the bulk modulus of elasticity, and\nρ (rho) is the density.\n\nThe speed of sound can also be affected by temperature. Sound waves tend to travel faster at higher temperatures. I have found different values for the speed of sound in water in different sources. They range from 1450 to 1498 meters per second in distilled water and 1531 m/s in sea water at room temperatures (20 to 25 °C).
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The speed of sound is defined (thermodynamically) as:\nc^2= dp/d(rho), \nwhere c is the speed of sound, p is pressure, and rho is density.\n\nFor a solid material, c^2=E/rho, where E is Youngs modulus.  So material with a low density and high modulus would have the fastest speed of sound.  Carbon nanotubes come to mind as filling those requirements.
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Both are important, but the proper ratio of each is the most important.  I haven't had physics for so long...maybe you should also try the physics section so that some smart physicist will sit down and figure it out for you.
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Do a web search for the parameters.  We would need much more information from you on sample types, volumes, etc and you capabilities, instrumentation available, etc.  All of these are factors in deciding a method.
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Boyles Law PV/T I think. Anyway it has to do with the relationship of Pressure to Volume. If one increases the other decreases. Its useful in industry in making liquid Nitrogen and has endless applications in dealing with gasses in Chemisrty and Physics.
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Force exerted on a material can cause stress and strain.  If you apply hand "pressure" to a glob of J-ello it will cause "stress" and deformation "strain."  If you set a weight on a surface, the force of the weight will cause "compressive stress" as it compresses the molecules of the surface that must strain slightly to bear the added force.  If you suspend a heavy magnet from a steel surface it causes "tensile stress" from tension that causes slight strain in the surface to support it.\n\nIf you take say a one square inch rod and press it down against a surface with a force of 100 pounds, the stress in the rod will be 100 PSI (pounds per square inch) compression and the stress on the surface will also be 100 PSI compression.  However, the force within the surface will become better distributed away from the contact point and the local stress at any such point will be less than 100 PSI.  Therefore, the cause and effect are both measured in PSI but depend for value on the distribution of the stress.  Although stress is calculated or measured in PSI the area in question may be much larger or much smaller than a square inch (like driving a car 60 MPH regardless of how long the trip is?).  Hope that helps a little.
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It compresses the ammount of space needed to write a mathematical expression.\n\nFor example:\n6 x 3 x 6 x 7 x 6 x 3 x 6 x 3 x 7 can be written as\n6^4 x 3^3 x 7^2
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Strength of material, velocity, distance; any of these ring a bell!
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The Receiver Factor is defined as a receiver's third order IMD intercept point, minus its noise figure. Thus, it neatly deals with the sensitivity/IMD tradeoff. Furthermore, both parts of the equation are "bandwidth invariant," so we don't have the bandwidth problems that plague so many other measurements. The shorter the bar, the better the tradeoff has been managed.
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To consider this, we have to assume that all matter is made up of molecules. By definition, liquid molecules are very close together such that the space between adjacent molecules is very small. Hence liquids are relatively incompressible. On the other hand, gases are defined such that the molecules are spread very far apart and hence the space between adjacent molecules is very large. This accounts for the compressibility of gases.
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It'd help to have  more detailed information. \nWhat does it mean that "pixels are independent?" \nAssuming that pixels are multivariate random variables, having n possible values for each color, the intensity of each component surely is correlated with that of adjacent pixels, I'd suppose.\nNow, what do you mean by "compression result"?\nPut more info. Your problem seems nice to tackle
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Porosity:\n\nThe percentage of the total volume of rock or soil that consists of open spaces. (The space between particles is called pore space.) It describes how densely the material is packed .\n\nPermeability:\n\nA measure of a material's ability to transmit liquids.\n\nExample: Upon discovery of a Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) the soil beneath it was tested. The greater the permeability, the more rapidly the liquid could reach an underground stream or aquifer.
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gravity and air resistance.
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In the instrumentation field of engineering, the 'calibration factor' means the ratio of 'measured value' to the 'real/calibrated value'. For example, if a test weight of 1Kg is weighed 1.050Kg by a digital scale, then the calibration factor is 1.05/1=105% which means every measured value should be divided by 1.05. However, 'calibration factor' is only valid if the response of the measuring device is linear (or almost linear or limitedly linear) so that within its linear range you can use the formula above. In fact, there are 'calibration curve(s)' instead of a constant coefficient. These curves normally are compiled as tables for each range of measurement.\nAs the 'rheostat' is in concern, which is a variable electric resistance, the calibration factor is translated as the ratio of the read value from the screen of rheostat to its real ohmic resistance value (which might be measured by a precise ohm-meter) and again this coefficient varies from one end of rheostat handle to the other. It's indeed the factor of conversion of the value read from a linear slider into relevant ohmic resistance, altogether with the tolerances exist .
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Pressure, volume/specific volume, temperature, entropy, enthalpy, specific heat, atomic weight, and thats all I can think of off the top of my head