How did courts develop?
153009
A court system is mandated by the Jewish bible and therefore worked its way into much of civilization.\n\nAs I understand it the jury system is taken from one of the nordic countries and is a very recent development. Originally the judge played the part of the ejudicator, and still may if a jury trial is not selected.
85571
Court proceedings differ in each case that is brought before a judge...\nIt is basically the paperwork and story of each case to be presented and any evidence to use...
494756
The Marbury case established judicial review in American courts. This case also set up the basis for the Supreme Court being an active, law making body rather than the puppet court it was at its inception. Early on the Supreme Court was a joke. Early justices often left the court to take other jobs, even judgeships with the states (sitting on a state court was considered more prestigious at the time). Marbury made the court vital. The court stood up to the president and flexed its power. Without Marbury, the Supreme Court would be a hollow body with no real authority.
883865
Article 3 of the Constitution determines there is to be a Supreme Court, however, it leaves the number of justices up to Congress.  The Judiciary Act of the 1789 created one Chief Justice and 5 Associates, then was gradually increased to a total of 10 in 1863.  Andrew Johnson's administration reduced the number to 7 as vacancies occured, though it never fell to less than 8.  Congress made the number 9 in 1948\n\nSo, in short, yes there was a time there were more than 9 justices.
202853
The Federal Judiciary is broken dowm into 13 Circuits of Appeal. Within each Circuit, there are District Courts. See the map at http://www.uscourts.gov/courtlinks/ to get an idea of the breakdown. District Courts are the trial level courts in the federal system. District Court Judges oversee matters in District Courts.\n\nMany states also have District Courts. For example, there are nine Judicial DISTRICT COURTS in the State of Nevada. These are also trial level courts.\n\nSome states call their trial level courts by different names, like Superior Court. It just depends on the state.
213258
not without a court being involved
688291
Civil courts try cases involving "civil matters" such as divorce cases (sometimes heard in family court), law suits between individuals and businesses and so forth.\n\nHave a good afternoon.\n\nWayne
251835
A case can come before the Supreme Court if a constitutional issue needs to be resolved.  It hears appeals from state supreme courts or federal circuit courts at the court's discretion (meaning it doesn't have to hear your case if it doesn't want to).  It also has original jurisdiction (meaning it can hear a case for the first time) over certain issues like controversies between states or controversies between the President and someone else.
309284
Court Justice is more consistent.  Bad people excape street justice often.
109085
This is far too complicated to just get down in a few words.\nBasically it was a matter of social structure and control.\nYou might check out the following sites:
230817
I can give you two reasons in particular: judicial resources are maxed out primarily because of 1) frivolous lawsuits being brought by dishonest people seeking to get rich based on loopholes in the system, and 2) the over-prosecution of minor drug offenses (most of which should be handled as mental health issues and not as crimes).  If we could solve those two major problems, justice would indeed be swift and society would be significantly better off.
1027573
There is actually, ideologically one judiciary. But there are 50 courts. One for each state. \n\nIn each state there are district courts and there are circuit courts. \n\nDistrict courts basically cover criminal cases for states and commonwealths. Most of the time criminal cases are tried in district court if they are murder, larceny, burglary, rape, violence, and drug stuff.  But not always. In some states they include things like discrimination, jurisdictional disputes between state and local governments and a plethora of other serious things. \n\nCircuit Courts basically hear family law, civil stuff like money issues, divorces, lawsuits against neighbors, tort claims and civil stuff that isn't criminal. But each state has the authority to paint its own definition of the courts by legislation. \n\nAppellate courts are for appeals after one court or another has ruled. Like if Ford Motor Company gets into a fight with Firestone Tires and the courts award one side a billion dollars in damages and then the other side goes to court and appeals the money settlement arguing that the side that won a billion dollars got an excessive fine imposed and that it is unconstitutional to fine excessively. \n\nThe U.S. Supreme Court only hears Constitutional issues on matters that come from lower courts, appellate courts and district courts. If it isn't a Constitutional question, the U.S. Supreme Court doesn't hear it. \n\nAlmost all courts in this country are State Courts. Unless the crime is federal, like bank robbery or drug trafficking where you get picked up by the DEA or if you firebomb a bunch of log trucks in a Forest Service forest, you will not end up in Federal Court. The federal courts only hear federal crimes. \n\nMost of the crimes in this country are the jurisdiction of the state courts. They are the courts for issues, which, under MOST circumstances, are petty. Like juvenile courts where a kid shoplifts a pack of cigarettes from a convenience store. Or where a dog jumps the fence and goes into the neighbors yard and bites the homeowner next door. Serious, but not on the same level as murder or raping a 10 year old girl. And then there is traffic court. Traffic courts are like ticket courts where you get a fine for driving over the speed limit, parking in the mayor's spot at the mall or running over a fire hydrant when you are coming home from work. \n\nGranted there are severe issues heard in these courts, too. Like a 15 year old who gets tried in juvenile court for murdering his mother, or dog court where a guy doesn't have a dog, but he has a tiger in his back yard and the neighbors are scared shitless. And there is always the drunk driver who gets into an 18 wheeler full of produce and hauls off down an Indiana highway and runs into 3 school busses full of children on their way home from Vacation Bible School whose case gets heard in traffic court, first, at least. \n\nSo the courts all have different jurisdictions and they all handle basically similar but not all the same types of cases. It depends on your state which jurisdictions those courts have in common with other states.
563135
There wasn't really a method. They looked to see if you had any marks that would be the devils...but most of them were simply accused by the ranting girls or by neighbors who were in debt to the accused or something like that. And, since the court was too stubborn to back down, they simply kept sentencing people...until the girls went too far and accused a high officals daughter.
467696
What city?  What state?  There are hundres, if not thousand of courts across this country.  You might start by looking and Findlaw.
682447
The case of the Scottsboro boys is an excellent study of justice in the 1930s. Here is a good site on it:\n\nhttp://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/scottsboro/scottsb.htm
268127
They make a lot less then a lawyer.  This is one of the reasons it's getting harder to find people to become judges.  Justices I think make around $180k while lower courts get less.  The one nice thing is their salary can never be lowered, only raised.
1127889
What you describe is sad, and the system we have devised.  The courts are the best that human beings have come up with so far in the history of the planet.  But they are far from perfect and mistakes happen all the time.  As you rightly point out, public "pretenders" are anything but helpful.\n\nWhat is important is to not quit, ever.  Even while imprisoned, a person can use his or her wits, and study the law and work actively on the appeal.  Deadlines are critical.\n\nBad things happen to good people.  And life is anything but fair.  Instead of focusing on what happened, sometimes all a person can do is look to the future and make the best of every day.