Why is it advantageous to use alkayl halides as inhalation anaesthesia?
156961
It is less dangerous compared to other available anaesthetics.
72715
CH3CH2Cl is an example.  An alkyl group (R) with at least (an usually) one halogen (X), so R-X
366700
Your question is incomplete.\n\nHydroxyl is a functional group attached with an other positively charged radicle (usually cations). For example if cation is sodium or another alkaline metal it comes to be NaOH or anyother strong base. These bases do not directly affect the resperatory track. \n\nIn some other cases OH is attached with other radicles such as Ca. These groups are often used to treat acidity of stomac.\n\nGenerally there are no bases present in air to affect respiratory track. \n\nCome up with specific group and case.
187695
thiopentone sodium or pentothal is commonly known as truth serum- remember the dialogue in the film "true lies"- arnold and the doctor\n\nit is routinely used in anaesthesia\nbut the effect is highly exaggerated- it does not work like the name-so dont try it\n\nthis drug is to be used only by trained aneasthetists- it will kill
479525
Its not at all hazardous if taken in as diluded form as it is found in our stomch noramlly.\n\nIn abnoraml situation the acid in the stomch becomes of higher concentration, which we call as "acidity".
286363
Chloroform is often used as a tool in kidnapping, especially in books and movies. The use of chloroform to knock out a victim was a recurrent plot device in 1980s television series such as Knight Rider and The A-Team, as well as in Peter Jackson's King Kong (2005). Typically, the villain would spill a few drops from a small bottle onto a handkerchief, and then sneak up behind the victim. When the handkerchief was held over the mouth of the victim, they would struggle for a few seconds before slumping unconscious. After-effects were usually limited to a brief headache. In reality, a dose far greater than a few drops inhaled over a short period of time would be required to knock somebody out. Such a dose could also be lethal.
193839
It might be worth thinking about entropy.  \n\nIf you take a system that has Chlorine molecules together and Oil molecules then the system is more chaotic with Chlorine and Oil randomly mixed so the driving force is increased chaos (although you have a gas going to a gas dissolved in a liquid the chaos of the total system may increase)\n\nHowever on a molecular level, it does seem confusing, to work out the arrangement. it would be important to look at the magnitude of the VDW forces between Oil-Oil chains and their usual form, and the net benefit of the VDW forces between Oil and CL and the added entropic element.
386749
Local anaesthetics work by blocking singals that pass through neurons. They can do this through a few mechanisms, but the fastest acting ones do so by blocking ion channels in the neuron's cell membrane. Typically, an electrical impulse propagates itself by opening and closing ion channels in rapid succession. Without functioning ion channels, the electrical impulses halt, thus stopping transmission of signal.\n\nLidocaine, novocaine and cocaine all have this ability to temporarily stop ion channels. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I think it's a K+ channel?
717908
Albuterol is a bronchodilator which means it helps the airways or bronchials relax and expand to allow more air to pass. It is used to treat asthma and bronchospasm. Since it is a bronchodilator that is all it can treat. In tablet or syrup form it will begin to work in 30 minutes and lasts up to 8 hours and long acting up to 12 hours. An inhalation treatment with albuterol either by way of metered dose inhaler or by nebulizer will take effect in 5 minutes. It is a drug that is considered very safe and can be used by children as well as adults.
574571
Halothane, 2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (structure F3C-CHBrCl), is listed in the Merck Index, 13th Ed, as an anesthetic for both human and veterinary purposes.  It is in some ways analagous to some of the refrigerants (Freons), but I don't find it listed for that purpose in the CRC.\n\nHere's a wikipedia reference for more info:\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halothane
628182
HCl would work best.  Sulfamic acid is a weak acid that although easier to handle is more expensive and less effective.  HCl is cheap, but when concentrated can fume, and is more likely to produce Chlorine gas if you acidify something chlorinated with it.
912741
It depends, mainly on the operation and the facilities and staff available in the operating department.\n\nThere are alternatives to a full endotracheal tube, like laryngeal mask airways and nasal airways but there are some risks involved in their use.\n\nThere are alternatives to a full general anaesthetic but often there are very good reasons, especially muscle depolorisation, which make it very much prefered for most surgery.\n\nIf you are concerned, talk to your surgeon but, in my humble opinion, it's perhaps considering whether you're risking the success of the operation to avoid some relatively mild discomfort.
999086
sleeping gas-nitrous oxide\n\nDuring the past one hundred and fifty years a number of gases\n\nhave been adopted into anesthesia practice---ether, chloroform,\n\ncyclopropane and others---which have disappeared from the clinical\n\narmamentarium as better agents appeared. Yet the oldest gas used\n\nfor surgical pain relief, nitrous oxide, remains a frequently\n\nused agent in certain types of surgeries and dental procedures.\n\n \n\nNitrous oxide was first identified around 1774 by the great English chemist,\n\nUnitarian minister, author and all-around radical Joseph Priestley.\n\nAlthough Priestley suggested a potential medical use\n\nfor the various gases with which he experimented, this potential\n\nwas not tested until the late 1780s when English physician Thomas\n\nBeddoes began efforts to adapt gas inhalation for therapeutic uses.\n\nBeddoes' work eventually led to the founding of his Pneumatic\n\nInstitution near Bristol, the hiring of a young Humphry Davy as\n\nresearch assistant and their experimental work over more than a\n\nyear with nitrous oxide.(1) In one of the closing paragraphs of his\n\ngreat monograph describing this research, published in the summer of\n\n1800, Davy left us this tantalizing observation: "As nitrous oxide\n\nin its extensive operation appears capable of destroying physical pain,\n\nit may probably be used with advantage during surgical operations in\n\nwhich no great effusion of blood takes place." (2) Thus the concept\n\nof surgical pain relief via gas inhalation appeared at the very beginning\n\nof the nineteenth century. The medical community of the day met Davy's\n\nsuggestion with stunning disinterest.\n\n \n\nYet knowledge of nitrous oxide did not disappear entirely from public view.\n\nMedical and chemistry textbooks, literary and other satires, and public\n\nand classroom demonstrations of nitrous oxide's remarkable effects on\n\nhumans served as channels in which information about the gas survived for the\n\nnext four decades. (3-6) At one such public demonstration in December 1844,\n\nin Hartford, Connecticut, dentist Horace Wells reconstructed Davy's\n\nobservation about nitrous oxide and began experiments with the gas on first\n\nhimself and then his patients. In the following month he persuaded one of\n\nAmerica's most famous surgeons, John Collins Warren, to let him demonstrate\n\nthe gas in the operating theater of the Massachusetts General Hospital in\n\nBoston. When the patient cried out during the operation, Wells was hooted\n\nfrom the room by the medical faculty and students in attendance and the\n\ndemonstration was widely perceived a failure. Almost two years later, in\n\nthe same room, William Morton successfully demonstrated ether anesthesia for\n\nthe same surgeon, and the battle over who "discovered" anesthesia\n\nbegan. (7)\n\n \n\nWells continued to use nitrous oxide even after his Boston "failure"\n\nand Morton's demonstrations in October and November 1846. The following\n\narticle, written by Dr. E.E. Marcy of Hartford, describes a case of\n\nAugust 17, 1847, in which Wells administered nitrous oxide to one of\n\nMarcy's patients who had a testicle removed. After describing the\n\nsuccessful surgery, and the patient's assertion that after a brief\n\ninitial pain the rest of the surgery was painless, Marcy proceeds to\n\nvigorously defend nitrous oxide as a better agent than ether. Marcy\n\ncontinued to defend Wells and "his" gas even after Wells' suicide in\n\nearly 1848.(8)
226789
I would say because the molecules are too big to be effectively dissolved by chloroform. Or the oils are not polar where chloroform would be polar (remember like disolves like).
659372
It does apply loosely to other halides, but Cl and Fl are considerably more reactive.  Br and especially I have more significant steric hindrances to overcome.\n\nSee the link below to see where Markownikoff gort his idea.
774868
Cl is an halogene, like F or Br.  They all have the properties to kill germs (Cl in pool water, F in toothpaste, Br in surgical antiseptics).
860343
LiALH4 can only be used to reduce alkynes if an -OH group is nearby. It will not attack non-polar C=C or triple bond systems, therefore.