what structuralism means?
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Structuralism is a general approach in various academic disciplines that explores the inter-relationships between fundamental elements of some kind, upon which some higher mental, linguistic, social, cultural etc "structures" are built, through which then meaning is produced within a particular person, system, culture.
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Idealism is when a certain goal/aim  is set and this is attempted to be achieved.   In a classroom setting, the idea that the teacher is the ceder of learning is beyond question , and that everything should revolve around him.   Activities are based on a clear cut goal without deviation, giving very little  chances of  being creative; that everything should be based on a 'sound" moral principle.  On the other hand, pragmatism means that the center of learning is the student and the teacher is only a facilitator.  The student solves the "problem" and adjusts to the environment and according to his needs and the society in which he  exists in.
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The focus is the social symbols of people.\n“Symbolic Interactionist Paradigm: This is the paradigm used by sociologists who are most interested in understanding how people make use of symbols to understand their world. The meaning of these symbols is not “personal,” but social. In other words, symbols come to have meaning only as a result of people’s interactions with one another. Symbolic interactionists want to learn, for instance, how people come to learn and use symbols in their daily lives.”
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Oftentimes, we mean "An organized, militant Evangelical movement originating in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th century in opposition to Protestant Liberalism and secularism, insisting on the inerrancy of Scripture." \n\nBut the concept of fundamentalism can be extended to any ideology or theology whose tenents include a strict adherance to a code, especially one which demands the observance by persons who do not subscribe to that code.\n\nNaturally, this makes for a source of conflict. And an understandable one at that. For example, say you believe some act is wrong. Furthermore, you believe you have a duty to prevent wrongdoing altogether. Consequently, you have a moral obligation to prevent any person from doing that act - including people who do not think that act is wrong.\n\nAny critical examination of a dogmatic theology or ideology will reveal how necessary this is, yet any objective look at disparate cultures will reveal how subjective - and frightening - this can be.\n\nThe hope of the future is that fundamentalist evangelism will be enacted by appeal to reason rather than dictates of law. Ideally, people would choose to perform 'right' acts for their own sake, rather than out of fear of punishment.
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Postmodernism is a term describing large-scale changes in intellectual thought, cultural production, and global societies beginning in the mid 20th century. Postmodernist thought has had large implications in philosophy, art, critical theory, literature, architecture, history, and culture. The term has been stretched over many different debates, and many would argue that any single cohesive definition is impossible. However, most definitions of the term are undoubtedly related and a basic summary is possible.\n\nPostmodernist scholars tend to emphasize the cultural contingency or relativity of different forms of intellectual production, claiming that there is no way for human beings to communicate in a language completely emptied of myth, metaphor, or cultural bias. Thus postmodernists portray all communication and analysis as inherently politicized and criticize those who attempt "pure," "objective," or "disinterested" intellectual endeavours. Postmodernist artworks in various displines tend to recognize the inherently politicized nature of communication, calling attention to the ideological underpinnings of their own representations through a lot of representational play and irony. Postmodernist scholarship and artworks, although often meant for a small audience, are frequently understood as merely one reflection of the larger collective culture of postmodernity. Scholars argue that the postmodern era (or "postmodernity") is characterized by a culturally pluralistic and profoundly interconnected global society lacking any single dominant center of political power, communication, or intellectual production. Other scholars understand postmodernism as a product of late capitalism, arguing that the economic and technological conditions of our age have given rise to a media dominated society in which there are only intereferential representations with no real original referent. For these scholars, the postmodern emphasis on the lack of any stable or objective referent for communication is often a profoundly negative historical development.
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The simplest explanation is usealy the right one. \n\nentia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem, \n\nwhich translates to:\n\nentities should not be multiplied beyond necessity
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Faith is a born freedom. Once it is institutionalized its growth is stunted and thwarted as in the case of any other freedom.\n\nFanaticism and fundamentalism are the by-products of the institutionalized faith called 'organized religions'.
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Never heard it before. What does it mean?\n\nDo you mean 'modernism'? If so, ask again and get answers.
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(m)\n\nThere is also another meaning for purism, namely linguistic purism. \nPurism was a form of Cubism advocated by the French painter Amédée Ozenfant and the architect Charles-Edouard Jeannere\n\nThe two objected to developments in Cubist art, particularly the decorative elements. Ozenfant and Le Corbusier wanted a return to more basic forms, inspired by modern machinery. To them, the golden section was the ideal shape, something that is reflected in their work. The theory of Purism is expounded in the book La peinture moderne, (Paris, 1925), co-written by Ozenfant and Le Corbusier and subsequently published in English as The Foundations of Modern Art.\n\nThe Czech architect and painter Bedřich Feuerstein was also influenced by Purism.
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Rationalism is a philosophical trend that theorizes the primacy of man's intellect over spiritual revelation or religion. One of its foremost thinkers was Rene' Descartes - "I think, therefore I am" - who placed man at the center of the universe, putting God in the background.\nIt argued that we can explain all earthly phenomenons with our thought and do away with revelation.\nReligion on the other hand requires you to explain life through faith which, by definition, requires no intellectual or factual truth. It is the belief in the unseen, and therefore not acceptable to rationalist theory.
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A content word refers to a thing, quality, state, action or event.  Structural words are effective transitions that establish logical relationships between sentences, between paragraphs, and between whole sections of text. The writer uses them to recall for the reader that which has already been said and to help the reader anticipate that which is about to follow. This includes phrases that contain words like "but," "however," "moreover," "on the other hand," "nevertheless."
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Holism. The Gestalt school of psychology demonstrated that when you take a reductionistic approach to understanding behaviour, for example by reducing everything to neural signals, you miss out on something fundamental because "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts". By understanding humans or stimuli as a whole (i.e. holism), we can potentially better understand psychology (according to this school)
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Architecture (from Latin, architectura and ultimately from Greek, αρχιτεκτων, "a master builder", from αρχι- "chief, leader" and τεκτων, "builder, carpenter")[1] is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. A wider definition would include within its scope the design of the total built environment, from the macrolevel of town planning, urban design, and landscape architecture to the microlevel of creating furniture. Architectural design usually must address both feasibility and cost for the builder, and function and aesthetics for the user.
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Wow, that's a pretty long answer to be UTTERLY IRRELEVANT and WRONG!!!!\n\nBentham and Mill, obviously, have nothing to do with architecture.  They are economists.\n\nAttached is a link to the correct Wikipedia entry (I won't recopy it here).  Basically, the idea is that everything should be evaluated on the basis of its usefulness to society. It sounds great on the surface, but can be pretty harsh when taken to the extremes. For example, if a society determines that a certain group of people isn't 'useful', it can be used to justify killing them off.  Of course, this wasn't what Bentham and Mill envisioned, but it is one of the dangers of extreme utilitarianism.
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Holism as an idea or philosophical concept is diametrically opposed to atomism. Where the atomist believes that any whole can be broken down or analyzed into its separate parts and the relationships between them, the holist maintains that the whole is primary and often greater than the sum of its parts. The atomist divides things up in order to know them better; the holist looks at things or systems in aggregate and argues that we can know more about them viewed as such, and better understand their nature and their purpose.\n\n--> http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/holism.html\n\nIntegral theory is a term often used to describe the intellectual teachings and work of the American philosopher Ken Wilber. It may refer to Wilber's theories in general, or to specific aspects thereof, whether theoretical or in practical application.\n--> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_theory\n\nPostmodernism is an idea that has been extremely controversial and difficult to define among scholars, intellectuals, and historians, as it connotes to many the hotly debated idea that the modern historical period has passed. Nevertheless, most agree that postmodern ideas have taken place in philosophy, art, critical theory, literature, architecture, design, interpretation of history, and culture since the late 20th century.\n--> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodernism
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It sounds like you're talking about cell theory, or more generally, materialist reductionism.
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Existentialism is a 20th-century philosophical movement that assumes that people are entirely free and thus responsible for what they make of themselves.\n\nExistentilist guilt would be feeling guily for failing to realize your own potential or live up to it.