what text does judaism use?
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Judaism follows the Tora, which is pretty much the Old Testament of the Bible.
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wow to answer that qestion compleatly would require me to type for 12 hours stright insted i will direct you to some sites.\n\nhttp://www.jewfaq.org/toc.htm\nhttp://judaism.about.com/od/abcsofjudaism/a/beliefsbasic.htm
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+ The Catholic Bible +\n\nThe New Testament canon of the Catholic Bible and the Protestant Bible are the same.\n\nThe difference in the Old Testaments actually goes back to the time before and during Christ’s life. At this time, there was no official Jewish canon of scripture.\n\nThe Jews in Egypt translated their choices of the Hebrew Scriptures into Greek in the second century before Christ. This translation, called the Septuagint, had wide use in the Roman world because most Jews lived far from Palestine in Greek cities. Many of these Jews spoke only Greek.\n\nThe early Christian Church was born into this world. The Church, with its bilingual Jews and more and more Greek-speaking Gentiles, used the books of the Septuagint as its Bible. Remember the early Christians were just writing the documents what would become the New Testament.\n\nAfter the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem, with increasing persecution from the Romans and competition from the fledgling Christian Church, the Jewish leaders came together and declared its official canon of Scripture, eliminating seven books from the Septuagint. \n\nThe books removed were Tobit, Judith, 1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees, Wisdom (of Solomon), Sirach, and Baruch. Parts of existing books were also removed including Psalm 151 (from Psalms), parts of the Book of Esther, Susanna (from Daniel as chapter 13), and Bel and the Dragon (from Daniel as chapter 14).\n\nThe Christian Church did not follow suit but kept all the books in the Septuagint.\n\n1500 years later, Protestants decided to change its Old Testament from the Catholic canon to the Jewish canon. The books they dropped are sometimes called the Apocrypha.\n\nHere is a Catholic Bible website: http://www.nccbuscc.org/nab/bible/\n\n+ The First Pope +\n\nJesus said to him in reply, "Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah. For flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my heavenly Father. And so I say to you, you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of the netherworld shall not prevail against it. I will give you the keys to the kingdom of heaven. Whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven." (Matthew 16:17-19)\n\nThe Catholic Church believes the Lord made Simon alone, whom he named Peter, the "rock" of his Church. He gave him the keys of his Church and instituted him shepherd of the whole flock.\n\nThe Pope is the senior pastor of 1.1 billion Catholics, the direct successor of Simon Peter.\n\nWith love in Christ.
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ASV\nKJV\nRSV\nRSV 71\nGood news\nNIv\n\ni cant remember all\n\nthere are tons of different bible. and all preaches different things. for example.. kjv preaches trinity only in 1 John 5:7 , and RSV , and others has thrown out this verse\n\n..Hope this answers,, but remember Quran has only one version i.e. in arabic
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I am a Jew and hear people say all sorts of things.\n\nYou will only continue very many diff things, since from the Jews came all other western and even some eastern religions like Bhuddism.\n\nSo lets start with the first Jew. Here it is from the Talmud.\n\nHis name was Abraham, he had an Idea that the world was created by a greater something, he could not name it, so he called it The Name, untill this day Jews call GD 'HaShem', which means 'The Name'.\n\nThe decendants of Abraham formed as 12 tribes. We where made slaves in Egypt for 200 years and as proffesionals and forced labrors built up Egypt. Its a long story and you can read it in the Bible, but eventualy we came to Mount Sinai and received the Torah.\n\nThe Torah was translated into Greek and from there into all other languages, it has been called the Old Testment.\n\nThen came a young Jewish kid who was rejected by his rabbi, who was one of the top ones for the reason of immodesty, so basicly he was a college reject. He didnt mean to, but he created a whole new religion. All he claimed where a few wil things but over 2000 years people distorted it with their imagination to look like it looks now, its called Christianity. Jesus wouldnt know what it was if he where alive today, and from Heaven he looks down and both laughs and cries at it.\n\nMuslims came later, they call GD as Allah which is one of the names GD is called in the Torah. Bhuddism is based on Kabbalah which a feild in Torah Academia.\n\nSo cut it short, we beleive in the Torah. We beleive it is life. The Torah gives 613 commandmants, of all sorts. 248 of them posative are 'Though Shalt...'365 of them are negative commands meaning 'Thou Shalt Not do/be/go/put/etc...'. We believe the Torah speaks to us as the Word of God and is the manual for life. There are 248 bones standing up the human body and 365 muscles, sinews and ligaments, holding them together, moving them etc.\n\nUs Jews consider our Torah not just copywrite, but any non-jew ith motives of breaching the copywrite is forbidden to read it and liable to a death penalty. Christianity and a bloody 2000 years of history in the west was from breaching that copywrite, distorting it, adding stuff, taking out, by mad people.\n\n\nProverbs 3:13-20\n\n13 Blessed is the man who finds wisdom, the man who gains understanding, 14 for she is more profitable than silver and yields better returns than gold. 15 She is more precious than rubies; nothing you desire can compare with her. 16 Long life is in her right hand; in her left hand are riches and honor. 17 Her ways are pleasant ways, and all her paths are peace. 18 She is a tree of life to those who embrace her; those who lay hold of her will be blessed. 19 By wisdom the Lord laid the earth's foundations, by understanding he set the heavens in place; 20 by his knowledge the deeps were divided, and the clouds let drop the dew. \n\nWe are like a real family, though all over the place and allways on the move when persecuted, each Jew knows 90% of worldwide Jewish family names, we help each other out.
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Yes and no.  The Torah sometimes refers to the five books known as Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. It is also used to refer to the entire body of Jewish religious writings. \n\nSee the website below for more details.
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Torah or bible codes but most of that is very objective. They take every letter spaced by a certain amount of other characters and take whatever that spells but most of the time you can get it to say whatever you want to.
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Gehenna? It was a burning pile of garbage and rubbish near Jerusalem, their version of a dump.\n\nIt is also used in reference to Hell, but most people agree not as a physical place but just as a metaphor.\n\nSome Jewish writings on the OT are Mishnah and Talmud. Hope this helps.
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The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures. It is easy to understand because it is in today's language. And it is properly translated from the original scrolls.\nvisit www.watchtower.org.
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Jewish understanding of the ten commandments\n\nSignificance of the decalogue\nAccording the Jewish understandings, the Torah includes 613 commandments, of which those listed in the decalogue count for ten. Most authorities thus do not automatically ascribe to these ten commandments any greater significance in observance, or any special status, as compared to the remainder of the canon of Jewish law. Indeed, when undue emphasis was being placed on them, daily communal recitation of them was discontinued (Talmud, tractate Berachot 12a). The Jewish tradition does, however, recognize these "ten commandments" as the ideological basis for the rest of the commandments; a number of works (starting with Rabbi Saadia Gaon) have made groupings of the commandments according to their links with the Ten Commandments.\n\nTraditional Jewish belief is that these commandments, among the 613, apply solely to the Jewish people, and that the laws incumbent on the rest of humanity are outlined in the seven Noahide Laws. In the era of the Sanhedrin, transgressing any one of these theoretically carried the death penalty; though this was rarely enforced due to a large number of stringent evidentiary requirements imposed by the oral law.\n\nDivision and interpretation\n\n"I am the Lord your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt..." \nThis commandment is to believe in the existence of God, that God exists for all time, that God is the sole creator of all that exists, that God determines the course of events in this world. \n"You shall have no other gods besides Me... Do not make a sculpted image or any likeness of what is in the heavens above..." \nOne is required to believe in God and God alone. This prohibits belief in or worship of any additional deities, gods, spirits or incarnations. To deny the uniqueness of God, is to deny all that is written in the Torah. It is also a prohibition against making or possessing objects that one or other may bow down to or serve, including any artistic representations of God or symbols thereof, including crucifixes, or any sulpture of a human being. One must not bow down to or serve any being or object but God. \n"You shalt not swear falsely by the name of the Lord..." \nThis commandment is to never take the name of God in a vain oath. This includes four types of prohibited oaths: an oath affirming as true a matter one knows to be false, an oath that affirms the patently obvious, an oath denying the truth of a matter one knows to be true, and an oath to perform an act that is beyond one's capabilities. \n"Remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy" \nOne is to declare of the greatness and the holiness of the Sabbath, and observe each Sabbath day, as God defined for the Jews during the Exodus. Each day of the Exodus, God provided food to the Jews to collect except on the Sabbath. Instead a double portion was provided the day before the Sabbath. One is enjoined from performing work on the Sabbath. One may not change the day of the Sabbath. \n"Honor your father and your mother..." \nThe obligation to honor one's parents is an obligation that one owes to God and fulfills this obligation through one's actions towards one's parents. This commandment is an interesting development when compared to other laws of the Ancient East (for instance, the Code of Hammurabi) that do not call for equal respect of the father and the mother. Jewish sages note that the 5th commandment, on the border between commandments on relationship with God and those between humankind, is to "Honor your father and your mother...", and draw lessons from this that a person should respect parents (and by implication, elders) only somewhat less than one would God himself, and that parents should be moral guidance to a person as God is to society. \n"You shall not murder" \nThe Hebrew word ratsach, used in this commandment, is close to the word murder; k
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History lesson.  :-) During Jesus' time on earth, there were two canons of Jewish Scripture in use.  One, now called the Jamnian canon, is what is currently used by Protestants.  The other, called the Septuigant, was translated in Alexandria into Greek. The Jews at the time of Christ had disputes about which was the true canon.  This was not resolved until 90 AD, nearly 60 years after Christ's death.  At this point, the authority the Jews had over the "oracles of God (see Romans 3:2) had passed on to the newly formed Christian church.  At the same time that the Jews decided on this form of the Old Testament, they also rejected the New Testament writings that were presented as possible additions to the canon of Scripture.  \n\n\nThe canon of the New Testament was set at the Councils of Hippo and Carthage (393 and 397 AD).  Both Councils confirmed the Septuigant as the Old Testament canon.  \n\nAfter this, there was still dispute among Christians about the canon (include 1 Clement?  is Revelation really inspired?), but the canon stood until Martin Luther, when the deuterocanonicals (literally "second canon", apocrapha means "uninspired") were removed (Tobit, Judith, Wisdom, Sirach, Baruch, 1 and 2 Maccabees, and parts of Daniel and Ester).  Luther also wanted to remove  Hebrews, 2 Peter, 2 and 3 John, Jude, and Revelation.  \n\nI am thrilled that you have a personal relationship with Christ.  It is vital for all Christians to live as Christ want us to live.  More Catholics need that relationship. Perhaps God led you to find that Bible, and to wonder about it.  Do some looking into Catholicism, you may be suprised at what you find.  Unfortunatly many Catholics are not taught their faith, and so, despite it's intellectualism and beauty, they find God elsewhere.  Good luck.
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Hebrew and Aramaic.\nThe two share the same alphabet.\nAramaic was the spoken language, and Hebrew was the language of scholarship and learning.
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Heh, heh... thanks bro. ;)\n\nI have seen some rare textual changes that have changed the meaning or even elimination of a word because they could not see how it fits. Hebrew letters can look very close to one another, much like our "l" and "i". So any distortion in the leather parchment could be a problem or the flaking of the ink could cause problems as well.\nMy mentor once told me that when the military creates a complex code, they transmit it with parity, or multiple times, so that if the coded message is in any way garbled, they can compare it to earlier or later transmissions. The Bible does the same thing by repeating the important messages several times. This is why Deuteronomy is called Deuteronomy. It's "repeating what we already know is true".\nCan these people explain to me why the entire 2,000 year old Isaiah scroll found in Qumran is virtually identical with the modern copies found in every synagogue in the world?\nRemember that Revelation carries an eternal curse of damnation for anyone who adds or subtracts from the text of scripture, and I do not think King James was hoping for political advantage at the expense of his soul.\nToday, we still have the original Hebrew and Greek text. Changing the scriptures would offer us ZERO political gain. Yet is still translates the same as the original King James, only with todays vernacular. \nI wonder if these people even research beyond their own notions. Do they have such skepticism when they read their dosage instructions for medication?
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Great question.  Depends on what you mean by "modern"?\n\nThe original Biblical text was written in mostly classical Hebrew (the OT), with some Aramaic; and Koine Greek for the NT, also with some Aramaic in there.\n\nNone of the original manuscripts have survived, BUT, we have some NT Gospel fragments that are within decades of the originals.  Our oldest copies of Hebrew manuscripts are witin hundreds of years from the originals.\n\nThat said, the textual evidence and support for the Bible surpasses in other ancient "literature" by far.\n\nNow, to the issue of which modern version is best. The answer to that could take pages to answer depending on all kinds of things related to textual criticism.\n\nFor me, I know Greek and Hebrew, I really like these two modern versions best in terms of their reliability and faithfulness to the original languages.\n\n1. The New English Translation (NET Bible). Found at www.bible.org as a FREE download.  Great translator and study notes too.\n\n2. I also like the English Standard Version or ESV. Great translation.  \n\nHope this helps!
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Torah primarily refers to the first section of the Tanakh, which is the first five books of the Hebrew Bible (also the first five books of the Christian Old Testament), but the term is sometimes also used in the general sense to also include both of Judaism's written law and oral law, encompassing the entire spectrum of authoritative Jewish religious teachings throughout history, including the Mishnah, the Talmud, the midrash, and more.
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Most frequently theJewish Holy Book is used to refer to the Five Books of Moses- called the Torah.\n\nThe Fie books of Moses, is just the written part of what God gave to Moses at Sinai- there is another part  called the Mishnah (or oral law).  The Mishnah was written down a few centuries after the destruction of the Second Temple when it was felt that there was a risk of its transmission being compromised by the dispersal of the Jews.  Together woth Mishnah, later Rabbis added further commentaries known as the Gemorrah.  The collection of the Mishnah with the Gemorrahs is known as the Talmud and modern copies contain further commentaries from after the Gemorrah was sealed.\n\nIn addition to the Torah are the writings of the Prophets- Nevi'im ,and writings (? I'm not too sure of this translation) Ketuvim.  The written Torah combined with the Nevi'm and Ketuvim is known as the Tanakh, or as it is popularly called by non-Jews, the Old Testament.
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Well, in modern day hebrew, it would be bimyutzato (I think).  In the more ancient hebrew, I honestly can't remember...sorry!