what have scientists said about rust?
108960
Rust is the common name for a very common compound, iron oxide. Iron oxide, the chemical Fe2O3, is common because iron combines very readily with oxygen -- so readily, in fact, that pure iron is only rarely found in nature. Iron (or steel) rusting is an example of corrosion -- an electrochemical process involving an anode (a piece of metal that readily gives up electrons), an electrolyte (a liquid that helps electrons move) and a cathode (a piece of metal that readily accepts electrons). When a piece of metal corrodes, the electrolyte helps provide oxygen to the anode. As oxygen combines with the metal, electrons are liberated. When they flow through the electrolyte to the cathode, the metal of the anode disappears, swept away by the electrical flow or converted into metal cations in a form such as rust.\n\nFor iron to become iron oxide, three things are required: iron, water and oxygen. Here's what happens when the three get together:\n\nWhen a drop of water hits an iron object, two things begin to happen almost immediately. First, the water, a good electrolyte, combines with carbon dioxide in the air to form a weak carbonic acid, an even better electrolyte. As the acid is formed and the iron dissolved, some of the water will begin to break down into its component pieces -- hydrogen and oxygen. The free oxygen and dissolved iron bond into iron oxide, in the process freeing electrons. The electrons liberated from the anode portion of the iron flow to the cathode, which may be a piece of a metal less electrically reactive than iron, or another point on the piece of iron itself.\n\nThe chemical compounds found in liquids like acid rain, seawater and the salt-loaded spray from snow-belt roads make them better electrolytes than pure water, allowing their presence to speed the process of rusting on iron and other forms of corrosion on other metals.
1039489
This guy (Jorge Gardea-Torresdey from Chihuahua, Mexico), is working on gold with bacteria and plants:\nhttp://www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/research/highlights_archive/alfalfa.html\nhttp://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0829/p02s02-usgn.html\nhttp://www.window.state.tx.us/txinnovator/ti0211/\nhttp://www.iop.org/EJ/article/0957-4484/14/7/323/t30723.pdf\nhttp://w3.cetem.gov.br/imaac/News/GrowthofAuNanoparticles.pdf
54817
Are you referring to radioactive decay rates of isotopes of the three elements (copper, aluminum and iron) that you listed? If so, the first answer gave you some info, but you should check it (e.g., because copper has more than one isotope and they all have different half-lives). One can't specify a half-life for stainless steel because it's a mixture of metal elements whose ratio isn't specified by the generic name.\nIf instead you're referring to some measure of chemical activity, such as corrosion life, you haven't given enough details. (Well actually you haven't given enough details either way.) You could google corrosion rate, reaction rate and similar terms if you want to go further with that.
753805
Pure water......no!  Rusting is a very LONG process; however, if salt is present it acts to speed up the reaction.  Even if the nail is placed in salt water, it will not rust until exposed to oxygen.
421137
MSDS of rustripper\n\nhttp://msds.ogden.disa.mil/msds/owa/web_msds.display?imsdsnr=198627
472017
Rust is an oxygenation reaction- \nBleach is a strong oxidizing agent, and thus will cause rust\nPowder bleach won't do anything in the absence of at least some water, because there is no medium for the reaction to occure\nAbsolutely pure water without dissolved oxygen will not speed rust, but it always has dissoved oxygen, and thus acts as a faster medium than air to speed rust\nMineral lime in water is a fast ruster\nVinegar is a reducing agent, and will prevent rust, but it'll eat the iron away.
730355
Why not? Iron and oxgen form a number of compounds of both determinate and indeterminate composition. Someone want to give me the exact formula for rust?
84628
the study of metals. their characteristics, and behaviours, etc.
978316
Depends on what kind of bacteria. Some bacteria release CO2, some are phtosynthetic and release O2, some release NO-, NO2, NO3, or NH3. Most likely, the iron rusts.
364252
Blood does not contain enough iron to rust (rust is FeO2).  Rust is caused by the synthesis reaction:\n\n             Fe  +  O2 -------> FeO2\n\nWithout the right circumstances this will not happen, the right circumstances being that there be enough iron there for the reaction to occur.
462127
Chromium has been added, so it is less likely to rust (thus "stainless")
102293
corrosion is caused by the chemical reaction of oxygen with the metal over time, thus causing rust.  In order to help preserve the metal, a layer of paint is used that will serves as a shield or barrier between the oxygen and the metal.
783824
Rusting or corroding is the wearing away of a metal layer that leads to formation of metal compounds on the surface. Rust is a compound that forms on top of iron. Blackening of silver is another example
659274
Tutorials are okay for learning the basics, but I suggest learning what each tool does and how it manipulates pixels. I find that tutorials cannot prepare you for questions in the classroom or projects on the job. Find some textures (i.e. concret, wood, granite, carpet, etc.) and see if you can recreate them yourself. \n\nOne of the things I used to do was ask a potential hire to make rust using Photoshop. I wasn't really interested in if they could make realistic rust or not, but I wanted to see what tools they used and if they were familiar enough with the program to at least attempt making rust.
789126
Rusting is a type of oxidation.  Iron forms a compound with oxygen, iron(III) oxide or ferric oxide, which we call rust.\n\nA screw can be made from steel, aluminum, titanium, bronze, or even plastics like Teflon or nylon.  A screw can be made from pretty much any structural material.
458001
Yes it does. Corrosion is when the metal oxidises.
26533
This is one of the biggest unknowns left for modern scientists to answer. Archea is such a black box. We can't even detect these guys well enough to definitively answer the question if there is a significant presence of Archea in our ecosystems -- internal or external environments -- let alone if these ancient bugs are pathogenic in any way.\n\nI'm of the camp that believes that there will probably be a lot of determined in the future that will make it much more apparent the answer to this question.\n\nBy the way, great question.