How does the strong force work? how does it hold together the protons, quarks and neutrons in the nucleus?????
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The strong interaction or strong force is today understood to represent the interactions between quarks and gluons as detailed by the theory of quantum chromodynamics. The strong force is the fundamental force mediated by gluons, acting upon quarks, antiquarks, and the gluons themselves.\n\nAlthough the strong force only acts upon elementary particles directly, the force is only observed interacting with hadrons as the nuclear force. As has been shown by many failed free quark searches, the elementary particles affected are unobservable directly. This phenomenon is called confinement, a theory which allows only hadrons to be seen.
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This might not be one sentence, but might help in understanding the concept easily. \n\nOk...now...in simpler terms..\nWe all are familiar with an atom. Atom is made up of core nucleus and electrons around the nucleus. If you look inside the Nucleus, you will find protons and neurtons. If you further look inside protons and neutrons, you will have quazars. We were stuck there until the string theory came along. Now...Sting theory suggests that quazars has something inside and that is nothing but a vibrating string of energy(light), which gives it the structure. \n\nSo in sense, its like saying..we have different atoms because deep inside, the string of engery is vibrating with different nodes. Difference in string vibrations is what gives difference in structure of atoms from inside, which is translated outside. Its an interesting concept. \nBoth scientists and philosophers are equally interested in this because string theory says that it all boils down to the vibrations of strings of energy in the subatomic level. So that is like saying....matter might look solid but deep inside, its just energy...more like an invisible light. \nHope this explanation helps. Ofcourse there is more to it than what i explained. There is tons of mathematical calculations and revolutionary ideas in quantum physics that goes with string theory. They are still working on it. Try watching "The elegant universe". It was originally aired in PBS, but i guess you can buy it in bookstores like Barnes&Nobels. Its fantastic. You can understand it easily since they show animations of it.
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There is a rule that isobars (isotopes of different elements which have the same sum of protons and neutrons) are stable only if there is a distance of at least 2 protons to the next isobar.\n\nI know of no easy way to predict which isobars will be stable and which won't.
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Ask a scientist and they will say it effects every aspect of your daily activities. You and your surroundings are made of atoms that are mostly empty space. It is swarms of electrons with super tiny yet massive nuclei interspersed. All these forces acting on mass. Strong nuclear force holding the nucleus of an atom together. Electromagnetic forces holding the atoms together, and making molecules. Gravity attracting all massive objects to one another. Nature uses these forces to build planets, stars, even life itself. Engineers use these forces to manipulate matter in ever more amazing ways. Everything you see, hear, smell, or feel is physics in action.
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the fact is that in the nucleus there is no actual contact between the protons and the neutrons..they are held only by the electrostatic forces.so asolutely no friction
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It is true that the neutron is heavier.  I can not remeber the exact numbers but it is not much heavier.  \n\nA neutron is basicly when you take a proton and an electron and combine them in to one particle (try this at home) thus the electric charges cancel out and it is a little bit heavier.  For the true mass you would have to include relitivistic effects.  \n\nbecause a proton is much heavier than an electron it is commonly stated that a proton has a mass of one, and an electron 0 and a neutron 1 as well.  And that is all well and good in most cases
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For it to be stable, the attraction of the proton has to equal the repulsion of the electrons (the neutrons have no charge). So the electrons have a negative charge, and the protons must counter with an equal positive charge to hold onto those electrons and keep it stable.
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Atoms are combinations of protons and neutrons with electrons flying around. They form the basic "elements" of matter.\n\nThe nucleus of an atom has protons and neutrons (except for hydrogen which has one proton). There are about the same number of protons and neutrons in each nucleus, although for larger nuclei (like uranium) there are more neutrons.\n\nAll of these particles have a variety of specific characteristics. For example an electron has a negative charge and a proton has a positive charge, while the neutron is neutral. The charge of the proton and electron are identical except for the sign.\n\nProtons and neutrons are both made of quarks. A proton has two "up" quarks and one "down" quark, while the neutron has two "down" quarks and one "up" quark. (The up and down are just names for these two types of quark, there is no physical significance to the name. They could have selected \nChocolate and Vanilla instead.)\n\nProtons and neutrons are almost always described as being composed of three quarks, but there are also gluons running around. Gluons are the particles which control the interaction of quarks within a proton or neutron. They carry the force that binds the three quarks together to form the larger particle.\n\nSo a proton or neutron has three quarks and a cloud of gluons.\n\n(Just as an aside: If one combines a proton and an electron and a neutrino you will get a neutron, but, in the oddness of quantum physics that doesn't mean a neutron is made of these little guys.)\n\nElectrons on the other hand seem to have no consituents, at least down to the level that has been probed with modern instruments.
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She helped us learn about the nuclear decomposition of atom into other atoms.  That the strong and weak nuclear force have limitations and that although there are an infinate  number of elements possible only a few (>100) exist naturally.
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not regurgitating from wikipedia, which isn't always correct OR understandable OR contains little information on the topic, here I go.\n\nUranium, as it's been said is a big atom which contains a whole lot of little pieces. There is something called "binding energy" that keeps all these little pices together. When a big atom undergoes all of this radioactive decay it goes from a smaller mass to a large mass. THe numbers are really small, but using Einstien's E=mc^2 any change of mass no matter how small will produce some meaningful amount of energy. Now, for 238 grams of Uranium, there are 6.023*10^23 atoms. So, you multiply the little miniscule energy emission by a very large number and you get a pretty big amount of energy.\n\nSo, short answer, becuase it is a big atom, it contains a lot of binding energy that is released when the atom splits.
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Actually there are four fundamental forces.  There are two kinds of nuclear force, strong and weak.  Also don't forget magnetism, you should say the electromagnetic force instead of electrostatic only.  Anyway, nobody knows the answer to this question yet.  It is still one of the outstanding questions in physics.  So have fun thinking about it, and see if you can come up with the answer.
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The Strong Nuclear Force is the force that binds the protons and neutrons in the nucleus together.  Otherwise the protons would be likely to repel each other away.  The Strong Nuclear Force has a very limited range which is less than the length of an atomic nucleus
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Protons are positively charged particles.\n\nBetween protons there are two types of forces.\n\nOne is the electro-static repulsion between two protons.\n\nThe other is the gravitational force of attraction between the masses of protons.\n\nWhen two protons are separated by any distance,\n\nThe electro-static repulsive force is 1.29 x 10^28 times greater than the gravitational attraction between them.
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There are fundamentally many ways to answer this question; and I will address three.\n\nIn nuclear chemistry, there are four fundamental interactions of matter that can be termed energy:\n\n1. Strong interaction, or strong force. This is the force which holds together quarks and other subnuclear particles into discreet protons, neutrons, and electrons. This is the energy that is released in a nuclear reaction.\n\n2. Weak interaction, or weak force. This is the force which holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom. This is the energy that is released in radioactive decay.\n\n3. Electromagnetism. This is the attractive or repulsive force caused by the positive or negative charge of atomic particles and the electromagnetic field of photons. This force is the most wide in function, and is present in practically every conventional phenomenon. The electromagnetic force is responsible for electron orbitals, for chemical bonds and reactions, for electromagnetic radiation, and fundamentally for traditional force.\n\n4. Gravity. This is the tendency of objects with mass to accelerate toward each other. This is the weakest force, but can act over an almost unlimited distance.\n\nOR ....\n\nIn classic chemistry, a molecule can have three kinds of energy:\n\n1. Transitional energy, or the energy relative to motion.\n\n2. Chemical energy, or the energy inherent to electrochemical bonds.\n\n3. Vibrational energy, or energy relative to the vibration or oscillation of individual molecules.\n\nOR ...\n\nIn physics, we categorize all energy in the universe into two sets:\n\n1. Potential energy. This is the energy inherent in position or interaction with another body.\n\n2. Kinetic energy. This is the energy a mass possesses relative to its motion, whether it be classic velocity or vibration. This is sometimes termed work, though this is technically incorrect; both kinetic and potential energy are work, in different forms.\n\nAnd there you have it.
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Protons and neutrons build a nucleus.\nThe number of protons determines the kind of element.\nThe number of protons and neutrons determines the mass of an atom. The electrons outside the nucleus hardly contribute to the mass.\nThe number of protons equals the number of electrons. That is why an atom is electrically neutral.
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Gravity, the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, and electromagnetic force.
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If there are no neutrons in the nucleus, there can be only one proton. If there were two or more protons, they would not stay together to form a nucleus without any neutrons.\n\nAnd of course an atom with only one proton in its nucleus is hydrogen.