how statistic serve as a tool for undertaking a research?
108275
statistics describes real life with numbers. \nit is one thing to say: "there is discrimination", and another "females earn 20% less than males on average, but the gap had shrunk from 1960-s when it was 35%"
578441
research, confidence, experience, eduation...check a website\n\nthat goes into the category of research
87093
Job Analysis data can be used to specify some of the major job requirements like educational requirements.\n\nBased on these the recruitment activity can be focussed on those institutions working in those areas
73353
Statistics can be realied upon to a certain degree, but it really depends on where the stats are coming from, are they coming from a realiable source, or from a friend of a friend of a friend?\nMost statistics are made up from a small survey of people, for example viewers who watched a particular show. The actual number of people that watched the show may be 20,000, but these are only the people who have the equiptment attached to their tv set to show what they watched and when so to get a realistic figure they may count each person as 1,000 to get a more realistic figure. In actual fact everyone else may have been watching something else.
46630
Statistician, or anyone doing statistical data analysis (engineers, scientists, etc.)\n\nBox and whisker graphs are a tool for conveying location and variation information in data sets, particularly for detecting and illustrating location and variation changes between different groups of data.\n\nHere is a good description of how to use one.\nhttp://mathworld.wolfram.com/Box-and-WhiskerPlot.html
228637
statistical methods are used to quantify quality in any process.  \n\nMinitab is a good software package for quality and charting that information.  Easy to use too!\n\nOf course Excel is the old standby.  Click on help to get a list of statistical functions.\n\nGood luck!
615933
Teaching graduate students the proper ways to analyze data statistically is one of the most difficult things- It isnt interesting to them, it's hard to grasp, and there are rules for variance, independent and dependent variables, sample populations and distribution, even and uneven sampling comparisons..on and on.
859045
No, rather a hugely misused tool.\n\nThat said, politicians and media are getting away with misusing statistics because they *and* Mr and Mrs John Public don't have the elementary notions of statistics needed to distinguish between the good, the bad and the ugly.
814446
This question would be a lot better if you had included some examples to see what you are getting at.\n\nI think statistical data is risky at best.  It makes a large body of assumptions, and those assumptions are not usually spelled out when legislators or voters (in the case of ballot propositions) look at the stats.  \n\nNow as to "circumstantial events," I am at a loss to know what you mean.  All events are circumstantial; this does not tell us what sort of events or what sort of circumstances you mean to include.  Circumstantial evidence, in law, is evidence that points one way, but could be interpreted some other way.  \n\nIt is very hard to prove a criminal case on circumstantial evidence because of the high standard of proof: beyond a reasonable doubt.  Most people have no such high standards when they study statistics.  If something is like 90% or 95%, then possibly you are reasonable in taking those stats seriously.  But often legislators and voters get little more than a scant majority in the figures offered, and those could be off by quite a bit.  We need to know the complete design of the survey before we can take statistics seriously, and we seldom get that much detail.\n\nAdd to this the fact that statistics are never a valid indicator, in themselves, of what is right or wrong, but only what is popular or unpopular.  Think and act independently, and vote accordingly.
324717
what type of statistics?
1126081
In general, what statistics does is it tells us what is going on by giving us measurements. These measurements can then be used to evaluate things.\n\nMedicine: We use statistics to determine how effective treatments are and whether or not they are safe. Say we have a new cancer drug and want to know if it is both safe and effective. We may test it out by undergoing an experimental procedure. We give one set of randomly chosen patients a "placebo" (a fake drug) and another the real one. After a certain amount of time, we try to see if there is a difference between the two groups. Before any drug gets to the human testing stage, it must first be evaluated on non-human subjects, such as in laboratories and on lab animals. \nEducation: We may want to know how many students are passing and failing, or how effective a teaching system is. Say you want to improve test scores and you have a new teaching system. You administer this to a group of random students- much like with a new drug- and try to determine if there are any differences between the treatment ("testing") group and the control (non-testing) group. If you cannot conduct an experiment, you simply try to observe a lot of students and try to see if the ones who are doing better also happen to be using the new teaching system.\n\n\nThe basic procedures of testing are the same throughout each of the fields. You can either conduct actual experiments, where you determine who is in your testing and control groups, or you can simply observe a large number of subjects and try to notice patterns or differences. Here are some other examples.\n\nMilitary: test the effectiveness of a new weapons system. \nPsychology: Statistics grew out of te desire by psychologists to measure things like intelligence and human behavior. Today, many psychologists are branching into biology, where they are testing hormone activity in the brain.\nSociology: We may want to determine the connection between handgun laws and violence.\n\nAt all these levels we try to understand the world by breaking it down into smaller components. We then try to find the patterns (statisticians call these "correlations"). For example, we might determine that a new brand of fertilizer is correlated with larger crops (agriculture). \n\nBusiness-people are concerned with statistics that reveal how wella product or service is selling. Imagine that you are a huge corporation that sells pop soda, and you have a new TV advertisement that markets the soda. Is the advertisement effective? You may want to gather statistics about how consumers view the advertisement (either through directly asking them- such as through a poll or a panel where people sit down and answer questions face-to-face) or by observing the change in sales.  If your sales grow drammatically right after you introduce the new ad, there is good reason to believe that part of that has to do with the ad itself.\n\nKeep in mind that researchers always try to not immediately assume that correlation means causation. That is, just because two things tend to go together does not mean that either one causes the other. The only ways we can make sure that one thing does cause the other (for example, a good drug may "cause" a person to become healthier) is to rule out other possibilities. When we gather a lot of data ("statistics") about something, it helps us eliminate alternative possibilities. For example, when we administer a new drug to a treatment group, we want to make sure that they are not already taking a medication that may interfere with the outcome. Without doing this, we might think that the effectiveness of our drug comes entirely from it. In a sense, the "control" helps us remove some of that uncertainty, because it keeps everything but the treatment the same.
458174
Actually, statistics books are notorious for being written in such a way that no normal human can understand them. The trick, generally, is trying to find a way to relate the problems to something you're interested in. For example, if you like basketball: one possible sampling distribution would be the number of free throws individual players make over a season. You could take a sample of, say, 10 of the players and find the mean and standard deviation. You could compute a 95% confidence interval with that information, which would allow you to say that you're 95% confident that the average number of free throws made by NBA players in a season will be between this number and that number. You could find the probability that a given player would make at least a certain number of free throws in a season by finding the z-score and looking it up on the normal probability distribution table, etc. If you're really struggling with the terminology, I recommend visiting your math help center on campus (most of them have one), or contacting a tutor.
249970
Statistics is applicable in every field of science which involves the data analysis.\nIf You wanna know the reliability of a medicine to patient, statistics can predict the results in some level of confidence.\nThe pills and medicines to stop pregnancy is tested in this way.
652749
using the scientific method of forming a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis and interpreting the results
31132
A lot of people refuse to believe that statistics can apply to them.  If you focus on anecdotal evidence, you can ignore broader trends.  If you understand the ubiquity of probablity, you'd be less likely to engage in dangerous behaviors where the odds are agaist you (even though you might know some of the rare exceptions to the rule in your everyday life).
741648
It is extremely useful in doing any kind of research-based analysis.  For example, let's just say you are studying a large number of mice, collected in the field.  You want to examine their health based on their environment, and you are specifically looking at environmental toxins.  You survey the farmers at each collection point, and ask what fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, etc. they use.  You record all of the data, and do testing on the mice to determine what their toxin levels are.  Then you also wish to see what problems may be associated in the mice with a specific toxin.  But you have some mice that are way off the charts in terms of averages for a certain element or toxin.  Does this taint the result?  Did these mice somehow contact those toxins abnormally (i.e. "experimental contamination")? Should you throw those "outliers" out of the data to keep them from skewing the statistics?  What do you do with these?  Here is where a good knowledge of probabilities and of statistics will really come in handy.  \n\nAs they say, figures don't lie, but liars can figure.  One's use of proper mathematical science can render the biological science either useful or useless.
579675
Yes, you have to understand a lot of Biostatistics.  In a nutshell Biostatistics is the application of statistical techniques to scientific research in health-related fields, including medicine, biology, and public health, and the development of new tools to study these areas. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the field of biostatistics has become an indispensable tool in improving health and reducing illness. Biostatisticians play essential roles in designing studies, analyzing data and creating methods to attack research problems such as :\n\n* the determination of major risk factors for heart disease, lung disease and cancer \n* the testing of new drugs to combat AIDS \n* the evaluation of potential environmental factors harmful to human health, such as tobacco smoke, asbestos or pollutants, etc