effect of the exceesive production in ketosis?
113360
Excessive production of ketones may result in a disease called ketosis
66039
There are several ways. First, take more insulin. The next best thing is exercise, but ONLY if you have insulin "on board" and don't have more than moderate ketones. Exercise can make ketosis worse! Drinking lots of water will add blood volume and therefore lower the concentration of glucose in your blood.
877933
Hold a match up to it, and I suspect it will under go oxidation!! Do you mean under certain experimental conditions???\n\n----------\nOK. Here's a link that explains it nicely - but basically the trick is to realize that oxidation can mean the loss of a proton (i.e. hydrogen ion, or H+). The carbon atom that has the oxygen double bonded to it has that electronegative oxygen sucking electron density away from it, making it slightly positive in charge. So on the aldehyde, which has a hydrogen bonded to that same carbon atom, the slightly positive carbon atom is quite happy to give up the proton (i.e. oxidation). Remember like charges repel to help understand this. Another way to think about this is that considering  the oxygen, carbon and hydrogen atoms, the oxygen is the most electronegative, and the hydrogen the least electronegative. So the electrons will tend to be attracted to the oxygen the most and the hydrogen the least. So you've got this positive hydrogen atom sitting there, and it is very easy to be plucked off as a proton.\n\nThe ketone doesn't have a hydrogen bonded to that carbon atom, so it is relatively inert.
219857
e gluconeogenesis (or b or c my brother guessed this)
901337
After glycolysis is finished 2 molecules of acetic acid are "loaded" into Kreb's on the enzyme Acetyl Co-A.  Co-A then returns to glycolysis in the cytoplasm to get more acetic acid.\n\nMean time the acetic acid adds to oxaloacetice acid (A 4 carbon structure) and gives a 6 carbon structure called citric acid. (2+4=6).\n\nThen CO2 and NADH2 is formed and we drop down to a 5 carbon structure called alpha ketgluteric acid and then lose CO2 and NADH2.  We also have created enough energy at this point to form an ATP and a low energy "hydrogen bus" FADH2.\n\nWhich brings us back to the 4 carbon structure oxaloaceitic acid, and we start all over again. \n\nThe purpose of Kreb's is to load what I call hydrogen busses (NADH2) because they are what unload electrons in the electron transport system which gives us a huge amount of ATP's (34).\n\nHope this helps.
215597
Hmm, you're right, the methods section of that paper is not very clear.  Anyway, check out the ref below.  Look midway through the 4th paragraph under Results, titled "Effect of recombinant Acrp30 infusion on hepatic glucose fluxes."  There could be other methods, but this is what I found.  Good luck.
381644
All ketosis means is that your body is using protein fat for energy and creating ketones, aka, you are on a low carb diet.  The thing is your weight does not depend on carbs vs. fat vs. protein.  It depends on the number of calories you put in vs. the number of calories you use each day.  If you are on a low carb diet and do not eat any carbs, but you eat a 24oz prime rib with 1 litter of whole milk everyday cause you can eat protein and fat and you are going to gain weight because you are not burning off enough calories.  I assume that since you are in ketosis you are doing an atkins (or at least what you think is atkins cause most people have not read the book and don't really understand how the "diet" works) or a modified atkins diet.  The main thing that people miss about all of those low carb diets is that they are also designed to be low calorie diet as well as a low carb.  The reason you are gaining weight could be due to water weight (drank 3 liters of water the day before) you actually gained weight cause you are taking in more calories than you are burning, or you have plateaued in your current regiment and unless you make more changes you will either stay where you are or gain more weight.  A fourth option could be that you go to the gym everyday and work out a lot and are in great shape and you have actually gained muscle mass (since muscle is heavier than fat).
999488
NONE...ketones are a sign that your body is having to metabolize muscle mass to nourish itself!!  You need to eat more...
829009
I won't answer this completely, because it looks very much like homework. \n\nI will say that an Aldehyde and a Ketone will yeild different degree alcohols. Reactions that yeild an primary alcohol from an Aldehyde would yeild a secondary alcohol from a ketone. Reactions that yeild an secondary alcohol from an Aldehyde would yeild a tertiary  alcohol from a ketone.
338481
The idea behind the diet is that if we take in extra carboyhyrates, our body will use them and our fat stores won't decrease.  So what the diet tries to do is limit carbs and put the body into a state of ketosis.  Ketosis is what happens when the body starts to break down fat and protein for energy because it will lead a release of acid and thus make your blood more acidic.  This is where the kidney problems come in.  The idea of the diet itself is if the body is in a ketotic state it will burn fat for fuel and thus people will lose fat.  Excersising should be done at a normal level but if you excersise you  must make sure to take in enough carbs to give yourself energy and replenish your glycogen stores without taking your body out of ketosis.  This depends on the idividual person and the amount of excersise they do.  I cannot give you a number.  Most people think that it is a low carb and high fat and protein diet, but the real idea of it is a low carb and low calorie diet because the people who eat the same amount of calories because they just add fat and protein are defeating the purpose of the diet and are actually going to gain weight (cause fat has more calories per gram than carbs) and will also give themselves heart disease along with kidney problems.  The best advice is to pick up his book and read it, the first one, because if you pick up the second one you will get lost.  think long and hard and do your research about the diet before you start it.  also, go see your local dietitian and they will be able to provide you with more information.
985705
E is the answer.   i think its about 2 produced during glycolysis,  30 or 32 from TCA cycle and another 2 from going from glycolysis to TCA
436181
With diabetes the cells are unable to burn enough glucose for energy (because glucose cannot get into the cells).  The alternative to burning glucose for energy is to burn fatty acids for energy through beta oxidation.\n\nThe 'excessive' beta oxidation of fatty acids leads to a buildup of acetyl CoA.  Excess acetyl CoA is converted into ketones.  Excessive levels of ketones causes 'keto acidosis'.\n\nHope you find this helpful.
959359
fermentation?  i dunno, i'll look it up online\n\nhere, look at the bottom of this page:\nhttp://www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/ware/oelsaat/mohnsaat/mohnsaat.htm#selbsterhitzung\n\n(for the public, there are two ways this can happen: oxidative fat cleavage and Hydrolytic/enzymatic fat cleavage.  both are ways fat can decompose, causing self-heating in oil seed)
806722
OK. watch this.\nThe FADH and NADH from the Krebs cycle enters the electron transport chain. This is on the cristae on the mitochondria (those Lil protrusions). there, the NADH and FADH separate in to the Hydrogen and electons. The electrons are passed from electron acceptor to electron acceptor. The energy level of each electron acceptor is lower than that of the previous, so the elctrons are losing energy. This energy is used to drive hydrogen ions into the spaces between the mitochondrial membrane. By the process of chemiosmosis, the Hydrogen then passes through a special protein (ATP Synthase) in the membrane back into the cristae. When Hydrogen passes through this protein it stimulates the production of ATP. Simply, the protein which catalyse ATP production is an enzyme, activated by the passage of Hydrogen through it. Get it? [Cambrigde A'Level Whooohoo!lol] \n\nWell it is more than three NADH. The cycle goes around twice per glucose molecule so it is 6 NADH (3 each time), and 2 FADH (1 each time) plus the 4 NADH from the stages before the Krebs cycle. All of these enter the electron transport chain. That is the purpose of the NAD and FAD, to take hydrogen and electrons from the Krebs cycle etc. to the next stage (oxidative phosphorylation). That is partially right. The NADH itself does not enter the membrane. It stays on the surface. It is The HYDROGEN that passes into the membrane.
1009936
One of the characteristics displayed by preimplantation mouse embryos is the metabolic shift from a dependence on the tricarboxylic acid cycle during the pre-compaction stages to a metabolism based on glycolysis post-compaction (Brinster, 1965; Gardner and Leese, 1986). This change in metabolic preference is coincident with the rapid proliferation that is needed post-compaction. Similar changes in metabolism appear in numerous other cells as they assume a proliferative state. For example, thymocytes undergo a transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism as they undergo mitogen activated proliferation (Bagetto, 1992). \n\nNot sure this is the info you were looking for.
825956
ATP production per pyruvate that enters the Krebs Cycle:\n         3 NADH =   9 ATP\n         1 FADH2 = 2 ATP\n         1 GTP = 1 ATP\n                      ------------------\n                        12 ATP per pyruvate or 24 ATP per glucose\n\n**note**\n\n1 NADH = 3 ATP generated\n1 FADH2 = 2 ATP generated\n\nthese NADH and FADH2 are converted to ATP when they enter the oxidative phosphorylation.\n\nIf you are confused where the 38 ATPs come from, here it is:\n(1) Glycolysis - 1 mole glucose is converted to 2 moles pyruvate.\n         \n                2 ATP\n                2 NADH = 6 ATP generated\n              ------------------------------------------\nGlycolysis generates 8 ATP\n\n(2) 2 moles of  Pyruvate generated from glycolysis cannot enter the Krebs Cycle unless it will be converted to Acetyl-CoA. In this process, it produces 2 moles of pyruvate generate 2 moles of NADH.\n          2 NADH = 6 ATP\n\nin this process, 6 ATP is generated.\n\n(3) Krebs Cycle: 2 acetyl-CoA then enters the Krebs cycle.\n(see explanation above) generating 24 ATPs.\n\nso for the 3 steps: \n           8 ATP (glycolysis) \n           6 ATP (intermediate step 2)\n          24 ATP (Krebs cycle)\n-------------------------------------------\n          38 ATP
371034
If you are a low carb dieter, you most likely were advised to take potassium supplements. This could happen for one or both of these reasons: \n\n1)you are, or want to be in, ketosis (an acidic condition associated with excessiveamounts of ketones in the blood) and ketosis is shown to cause potassiumdeficit; and/or\n\n2) you are dehydrated and dehydration is know to be accompanied with potassium loss.\n\nThere are other factors that can influence your potassium need. You may be experiencing one of these:\n\nadaptation to ketosis, which can lead to potassium conservation by the body. Studies have shown that after five weeks on a very low-carb diet (20g carbs a day) with adequate water intake, potassium concentration in the blood was normal. \ndecrease in food intake (due to decreased appetite),which can return potassium concentration in the blood back to normal. Clinical observation is that potassium concentration increases proportional with theincrease of the energy deficit when calories burnt exceed calories eaten. \nThere is no RDA for Potassium. \n\nOver-the-counter potassium supplements usually contain 99 milligrams per tablet. The average American diet provides two to six grams of potassium per day, so you see how little you can get actually get with these supplements. If you doctor advised you on prescription-strength potassium formula, then by all means, follow his or her recommendation.\n\nIf you have plenty of these foods and plenty of water, you're potassium intake is probably fine:\n\nFish, especially salmon, cod, flounder and sardines \nMeats \nVegetables, particularly broccoli, tomatoes, potato skins, spinach, lettuce and parsley \nFruits (you can have lemons, half of a tart green apple, or a quarter of a grapefruit on a low-carb diet) \nWatch for These Signs of Potassium Deficit!\n\nThe most common symptom of potassium deficit is fatigue; initial symptoms of potassium deficiency include slow reaction, muscle weakness and dry skin.\n\nBe especially attentive to the signs of potassium deficit if you are diabetic, pregnant or suffer from alcoholism.