what are lines of latitude and longitude?
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This site should explain them for you:\n\nhttp://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Slatlong.htm
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Latitude lines are placed so that they are parallel to each other- they form parallel circles around the earth.  Longitude lines, on the other hand, are not parallel- they intersect at the north and south poles.  Because they intersect at the north and south, the closer you get to the either of the poles, the shorter the distance from east to west between lines of longitude. Because latitude lines never intersect each other, the distance between them remains the same from north to south, across the globe.
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Scroll down some on the website I give you and you will find it. The title is "Plot Coordinates on a Map"
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If you find the latitude of the northernmost point and the latitude of a point directly south of that you can calculate it.  Multiply the difference in degrees by 60 to get the distance in nautical miles.  Then apply the conversion factors:  1 nautical mile = 1.152 statute miles and 1 statute mile = 1.609 kilometers.  Combined, that means to multiply the difference in longitude in degrees by 111.214.  (Use degrees and decimal degrees, not minutes and seconds).\n\nYou'll be pretty close with this method even though it assumes a spherical Earth.
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0° of the longitude is the Prime Meridian (located in Greenwich, England). You use that to base your longitude measurements either eastward (+180°) or westward (−180°).
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A nautical mile, whether on land or at sea, is set equal to a minute of latitude (there are 60 minutes in a degree). It is used at sea because it makes it easier to measure changes in latitude. It is roughly equal to 1.152 miles.
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Exact position must be listed in terms of latitude and longitude degress.
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Well suppose you want to find antipodal positions on the earth. The earth is only approximately a sphere (it is actually closer to an oblate spheroid), so the mathematical definition of an antipodal point on the earth does not quite hold. \n\nIf one location on earth is at 23 degrees North latitude, and 10 degrees West longitude, the antipodal point will be at 23 degrees South latitude, and 190 degrees West longitude (but 190 degrees West longitude will be more often called 170 degrees East longitude). \n\nThat is, just add 180 degrees to the longitude, and switch the North latitude to South latitude (or vice versa).
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east/west.\n\nto remember, longitutde has lines that are all as "long" as each other (one pole to the other.)
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Ah, I think I know what you mean? You are looking for towns that lie exactly on a line of longitude and latitude correct? Well, there are quite a few of them and it just so happens you're not the first person to ask. There is a project called the Degree Confluence Project which aims to photograph every single point where two lines meet (for instance 69°N 15°E or 45°N 90°W). If you go to the website below, you should be able to find all the towns that match your query.
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agonic line—The line through all points on the earth's surface at which the magnetic declination is zero; that is, the locus of all points at which magnetic north and true north coincide. \nThis line is a particular case of an isogonic line. The position of this line exhibits variations in time, but in 1995 was so located that it emanated from the north magnetic pole, trended southward through the Great Lakes region, left the American mainland near Mississippi, cut across South America to near Buenos Aires, thence through the south magnetic pole, and up in an irregular path on the other side of the earth to return to the north magnetic pole. At the present time, the North American segment of the agonic line is drifting very slowly westward.
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maps.google.com\n\nCan I search the map on Google Maps using latitude and longitude coordinates?\n\nYou can search for some locations using latitude and longitude coordinates on Google Maps. An example of this can be seen here.\n\nPlease note that the functionality of coordinate searches may be limited at this time.
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to locate a place, you need to know it's gedesic coordinates:longitude,latitude and height over MSL(mean sea level).MSL is not the same everywhere, each country decides wich level is it: it's defined after tide gauge, the average level is the MSL, tou must also know that different seas don't have the same level. \nHeight over MSL is defined by different surveying techniques: it can be GPS measurements, main levelling or geometric levelling (wich gives elevation accordingly to a height-known point).\nIf cartesians coordinates are used (X,Y,Z),it is more simple because you need to know distance from earth's center, you don't need to know sea level.
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Above the line, the directon is north\n\nBelow the line, the direction is south.\n\nI think.  From what i remember, you use the right-hand rule.  Imagine pointing your right thumb toward west.  Your four fingers, will indicate the direction of the magnetic field.
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Latitude:   41°50'10.03"N\n\nLongitude:   88° 0'25.32"W
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Most any GPS will allow you to map 2 points. You can get the latitude and longitude from www.maptech.com   As far as azimuth, the spot overhead, it would have the same lat /lon. When you are at a position the GPS will tell you the altitude.
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Position line\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia \n\nJump to: navigation, search\n\nA position line is a line that can be identified both on a nautical chart or aeronautical chart and by observation out on the surface of the earth. The intersection of two position lines is a fix that used in position fixing to identify the navigator's location.\n\nThere are several types of position line:\n\n*Compass bearing - the angle between north and the line passing through the compass and the point of interest\n*Transit - a line passing through the observer and two other reference points\n*Leading line - the line passing through two marks indicating a safe channel\n*Leading lights - the line passing through two beacons indicating a safe channel\n*Sector lights – the lines created by masked coloured lights that indicate a safe channel\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_line