why do we use animal for medical research instead of useing humans for medical research?
104794
I often thought the same thing like why not allow death row inmates to offer their services to the public by being used in medical experiments. The degree of severoity of the medical condition would have a direct bearing on the type of crime commited.
245385
Monkeys, dogs, rabbits, and mice are just a few of the animals used in research.  Wikipedia.org has a very comprehensive article detailing the types of animal and tests performed on them.  An example: rabbits were used to test mascara and eye since their eyes didn't tear, IAMS uses dogs to test new foods.  Peta.org is also a good resource since they are trying to stop animal testing.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_testing
784426
I believe that testing on animals for medical reasons is an unfortunate necessity. We all want advances in science to cure terrible diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Cancer, HIV etc, and without the use of animals for this purpose we will never be able to achieve this.\nAnimal testing will continue until a new model could be found. The use of Cell and Tissue culture is used for drug testing, but medicinal drugs are not allowed on the market until animal testing has been completed. This is then backed up with human testing once the drug is deemed safe. This does fail, and people can get hurt (eg thalidomide) but without the animal testing these cases would occur more frequently. \nAlso laboratories for testing on animals have to work to highly stringent guidelines, and are frequently checked by officials that the animals are not being mistreated. In the UK at least.
959097
i tell you what i believe .... and we are not being informed by the medical feild ,, but our naturalist are telling it !!!!its all over the net  ........our animals are treated for parasites!!!!!!!!!we humans are not !!!!!!when i was a little girl and let us go back to even  out ancestors  they  treated once a year for  parasites  but  why have we quit??????? not me i found a remedy  and all the hurts and pains that i began getting as i became  older has now dissappeared believe it  or not  i do a dailey parasite program have for several years now nothing compares to it   .... so why are our animals more healthy ????isnt it funny we worm our dogs, cats, horses, cows, and so on  what about  us?????? something  for u to think about
423242
Ya why not? If you really think about humans have been modifying plants and animals for a long time.  When we first tilled the soil and intentionally planted a seed that nature didn't put there and we first slaughtered an animal we raised for that soul purpose, we have been modifying nature.  Now its just so that we can have healthier food in more quantities.\n\nSome current applications of plant biotechnology include:\nDeveloping plants that are resistant to diseases, pests, and stress\nKeeping fruits and vegetables fresh for longer periods of time which is extremely important in tropical countries\nProducing plants that possess healthy fats and oils\nProducing plants that have increased nutritive value\nProducing soybeans with a higher expression of the anti-cancer proteins naturally found in soybeans\nDeveloping a whole range of higher value added feed\nOther applications such as lignin modification in trees that will make possible much higher fiber extraction rates in the paper and pulp industry\nProducing new substances in plants, including biodegradable plastics, and small proteins or peptides such as prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines\n\nAnimals \nIncreased resistance, productivity, hardiness, and feed efficiency \nBetter yields of meat, eggs, and milk \nImproved animal health and diagnostic methods
60809
the advantage is that you can test products on an animal and avoid endangering a human in the testing.  The disadvantage is that animals will not always react the same as humans would.
1331
humans are mammals, which, yes, are animals.  humans are animals, and as such, fall prey to the same biological urges.  the main drive in life is procreation.  :)  life begets life and all that jazz.
609444
Human and animal diseases can be vastly different. Although both people and animals get the same kinds of diseases, (such as genetic disorders, cancer, heart disease, respiratory problems) a lot of them will not be exactly the same diseases. Diseases also vary as much from one animal to the next as from animals to humans. For example, horses might have illnesses related to the hoof whereas a cat obviously can't! However, most of the metabolic pathways will be the same, so any dietary deficiencies or metabolic disorders usually get the same treatment, adjusted for dose. Vets have to perform a lot more operations such as castrations / spaying / neutering or claw clipping etc. Human doctors would usually refer you to a surgeon. Of course there are veterinary surgeons who specialise only in that, but mostly practitioners will perform both. Medication for animals is usually less tightly regulated as well, and pain relief techniques are a lot less sophisticated. Remember that vets don't have the patient tell them how much it hurts!\n\nSo some will be the same, apart from dosages and maybe slight adjustments to the formula - but any diseases which are species-specific will have their own medication. A lot more money is pumped into r&d for drugs for humans than for animals so the pharmacopoiea will also be more varied for humans.
96293
The previous answer would be exellent except it is dead wrong.  You've confused transgenic with hybrid.\n\nA transgenic organism is an organims whose genome has been artificially altered.  For example, a transgenic cow may be altered to produce human insulin excreeded in her milk (which is excellent for treating diabetes).\n\nMajor ethical issues include, of course, the issue of "playing god," mentioned above.  More relevant issues tend to revolve around animal cruelty.  Basically, you've got some cow embryo (or whatever animal you're using) and alter its DNA to make it produce human insulin.  Great for the diabetic people getting the insulin, but what about the cow?  Is it right to keep her locked up for our use?  Was it right to mess with her DNA in the first place?\n\nTrangenic species can also be used to produce enhanced versions of the animal (ex. a cow that yields twice as much meat).  This creates some more animal cruelty issues, and maybe some issues about fair competition.\n\nTransgenic species are also commonly used in medical research (as well as other areas of biology) to test to effects of potential drugs and study the modes of action of certain diseases.  Animal testing has its own set of ethical issues.
502947
Scientists do. They may work for a pharmaceutical company, government or on their own. They test it on lab animals until they can prove that they have enough justification to start testing on humans. Then they have to get it approved for testing by the FDA.
1167318
The need for research is a small one because we could certainly get by without it. Research could however be advantageous because characteristics of these plants and animals could help with medicine and science if understood since they are designed to survive in extreme conditions. Also some will go extinct and we should try to understand them before that.
281261
I think a great deal more needs to be done in animal cloning before humans get involved. Besides the ethical issues, there are real physiological difficulties that seem to erupt in cloned organisms. It seems that having two sets of genetic material really is important.
36403
Not exactly veterinary medicine, but pre-vet zoology is more like it. Why the interest, I love animals and believe that it is our duty to be stewards of the earth and its other non-human inhabitants. Besides animals are fun, interesting, and they don't talk back!
193524
The thoughts on 'theraputic cloning' is to be able to fix a disease which has a genetic component (which is pretty much all of them) in patients.  Which is why the S Korean research was hailed as a breakthrough (and turned out not to be the case, but still an advancement).  The idea is to take stem cells from a patient, 'fix them' via DNA alterations, and put them back into the patient.  This avoids immunocompatibility questions.  \n\nThere is no medical purpose for creating complete clones of individuals, humans or otherwise.  For research purposes if we are trying to establish a new breed of animal which has particular characteristics, we can clone one animal and then interbreed it's cloned 'offspring', thus creating a breed of identical members.  It's important for research to find breeds which are genetically identical; it takes some 20 generations of interbreeding to get to this point.  If a species has a 2+ year breeding time, then it would take 40+ years to get to this point.  By cloning this goal can be achieved much quicker.  \n\nOrgan cloning is a separate area; the goal here is to generate human organs using tissue culture or animal models.  But the organs would have to be immunocompatible, ie grown from the same person.  No one in their right mind would clone human individuals for the sake of organ replacement.  You'd have to be some Nazi scientist or something like that.  It won't happen in the developed world any time soon.
352215
Humans are not the most studied organism as far as genetics go.  That's probably the mouse or fruit fly.  Humans are crappy subjects.  For one, our DNA mixes alot, we mate w/ whoever we want to.  Good genetic organisms are genetically identical from one indiv. to the next.  For two, our generation time is 20 years or so (the time between birth and having first kid).  And we only pop out 1 or 2 a year.  Good genetic organisms like mice can pop out 8 every 8 weeks or so (6 or 5 weeks if they are pushing it). Better, flies lifecycle is 1-2 weeks, and they generate thousands of offspring.  Further, we can't manipulate our genome, it's not ethical to do so.  Also, although we can communicate with each other, we haev to follow all sorts of protocols, we can't just inject people with whatever we want.  Human research is extremely slow and extremely expensive, for these reasons mainly.  Nobody wants to kill a patient during a clinical trial, many trials have been halted due to this.    Population studies on humans is very complicated and huge family trees are reqd to generate useful data.  I think these are the main reasons, dunno if i missed any.
598243
Pros of Animal Testing\n- makes sure product is safe before selling it to people\n- avoids having to test on people\n- allows scientists to research new medicines, vaccines against \n   disease etc.\n- by looking at animals, can understand people better\n\nCons of Animal Testing\n- animals are mistreated in the labs\n- conditions they live in before being used for testing are also bad\n- many of the experiments are cruel and can be painful\n- curiosity doesn't give people the right to abuse other living \n   creatures\n- doesn't even advance science all that much
171764
Because human is a herd animal.