how does drug absorption occurs in GI tract?
100069
drugs are absorbed by different mechanisms. such as  simple diffusion,facilitated transportation, or affecting specialzed receptors, finally they go to blood and distribute in different body parts
859394
It isn't because it helps the drug become more soluble, (it does have that effect but that isn't the reason they make it that way)\n\nIt is because the hydrochloride molecule is ABSORBED into the body more easily, and it carries the medication molecule(s) as a piggy-back into the body systems. If there wasn't the HCl molecule, most of the medication would just pass through your body as waste or obvious foreign matter that gets filtered out rather than metabolized.
241453
Introductory Anatomy: Digestive System\nDr D.R.Johnson, Centre for Human Biology\nPurpose\n\nThe digestive system prepares food for use by hundreds of millions of body cells. Food when eaten cannot reach cells (because it cannot pass through the intestinal walls to the bloodstream and, if it could would not be in a useful chemical state. The gut modifies food physically and chemically and disposes of unusable waste. Physical and chemical modification (digestion) depends on exocrine and endocrine secretions and controlled movement of food through the digestive tract.\n\nMouth\n\nMouth Food enters the digestive system via the mouth or oral cavity, mucous membrane lined. The lips (labia) protect its outer opening, cheeks form lateral walls, hard palate and soft palate form anterior/posterior roof. Communication with nasal cavity behind soft palate. Floor is muscular tongue. Tongue has bony attachments (styloid process, hyoid bone) attached to floor of mouth by frenulum.\nPosterior exit from mouth guarded by a ring of palatine/lingual tonsils. Enlargement = sore throat, tonsillitis. \nFood is first processed (bitten off) by teeth, especially the anterior incisors. Suitably sized portions then retained in closed mouth and chewed or masticated (especially by cheek teeth, premolars, molars) aided by saliva Ducted salivary glands open at various points into mouth. This process involves teeth (muscles of mastication move jaws) and tongue (extrinsic and intrinsic muscles). Mechanical breakdown, plus some chemical (ptyalin, enzyme in saliva). Taste buds allow appreciation, also sample potential hazards (chemicals, toxins)\n\nSwallowing\n\nIn leaving the mouth a bolus of food must cross the respiratory tract (trachea is anterior to oesophagus) by a complicated mechanism known as swallowing or deglutination which empties the mouth and ensures that food does not enter the windpipe. \nSwallowing involves co-ordinated activity of tongue, soft palate pharynx and oesophagus. The first (buccal) phase is voluntary, food being forced into the pharynx by the tongue. After this the process is reflex. The tongue blocks the mouth, soft palate closes off the nose and the larynx rises so that the epiglottis closes off the trachea. Food thus moves into the pharynx and onwards by peristalsis aided by gravity. If we try to talk whilst swallowing food may enter the respiratory passages and a cough reflex expels the bolus.\n\nOesophagus\n\nThe oesophagus (about 10") is the first part of the digestive tract proper and shares its distinctive structure. Basic tissue layers of the gut are \n1. mucosa. Innermost, moist lining membrane. Epithelium (friction resistant stratified squamous in oesophagus, simple beyond) plus a little connective tissue and smooth muscle. \n2. submucosa. Soft connective tissue layer, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics \n3. muscularis externa. Typically circular inner layer, longitudinal outer layer of smooth muscle \n4. serosal fluid producing single layer.\n\nStomach\n\nC shaped, left side abdominal cavity (because liver is on right). Cardioesophageal sphincter guarding entrance from oesophagus is of doubtful anatomical integrity (though functionally the diaphragmatic pinch cock serves). Pyloric sphincter guarding the outlet is much better defined. Fundus, body and pylorus recognised as distinct regions. Stomach secretes both acid and mucus (for self protection). Surface area increased by rugae. Serves as a temporary store for food which is also churned by muscular layers (three here) to form chyme, creamy substance voided via pyloric sphincter to duodenum\n\nDuodenum\n\nFirst part of small intestine. C shaped 10" long and curves around head of pancreas and entry of common bile duct (accessory organs of digestion, pancreas, liver see below). Chemical degradation of small controlled amounts of food controlled by pyloric sphincter begins here, enzymes secreted by pancreas and duodenum itself aided by emulsifying bile (which also
1060166
That requires putting a tube through someone's nose, down the esophagus, through the stomach and into the first portion of the small intestine (duodenum).  Tube feeding solution (kinda like a yukky milkshake) is then put through the tube, usually using a pump so that it doesn't go in too fast or too slow.
1091520
Some drugs have to be taken without food because digestion reduces it's absorption.  Some drugs should be taken with food, because it can be harsh on your stomach.
504188
This is pretty normal. When you spray anything up into your nose, you are spraying into your sinus cavity.  There it coats the inside of the cavity, and any excess runs down into the throat.  You don't have to worry about getting it into your system by swallowing it, the medicine is designed for it.  Flonase is absorbed into your system in the sinus.
394012
hello, antibiotics can cause diarheia and other gastro- intestinal disorders meaning that potentially the pill is not absorbed properly.its not that they interact as such, more that uptake is unreliable.the same holds true if you have sickness and diarheia for other reasons by the way.
111110
For Stomach the medium is acidic and there is peristalsis.\nIf the soft/hard gel capsule was intended to dissolve in an acidic medium it takes less then 30 seconds.\n\nFollowing the Stomach is the Duodenum - the medium there is basic, if the capsule was intended to dissolve in a basic medium it takes again less 30 seconds!\n\nMost capsules are intended to dissolve in the stomach, there are some however that need to 'not be exposed' to acidic stomatch medium!\n\nIt takes more time to dissolve in water; since there is no chemical reaction that will occur. Plus if don't stir the water, there will be no motion - taking a longer time. In the stomach and duodenum there is always peristalsis that keep the things moving ...
110045
The small intestine is a long, narrow, coiled tube extending from the stomach to the large intestine. This is the place where most digestion and absorption of food takes place. The small intestine of a human can be as long as six to eight meters long (20-26 feet), depending on age and size of being. So much length can be compacted into so little space because of the nature of the small intestine; it is coiled and takes up less space, while maintaining it's enormous surface area.\n\nThe large intestine is the posterior or end of the human intestine that consists of four regions the, the cecum, the colon, the rectum and the anal canal. The large intestine is wider but shorter than the small intestine. It measures approximately 1.5 meters (5 feet) in length and its primary function is to absorb water and electrolytes that have already passed unabsorbed through the small intestine.\n\nTogether - the intestines range in length anywhere from 25 - 31 feet.
287311
Depending on the pill, it may matter if it's chewed or not.  I believe your body processes it faster if it's chewed, and some pills are better to have the slower processing.\n\nTry drinking water before, as well as during the swallowing of the pill.  Also, I take a big gulp rather than just a small sip, so I don't feel the pill going down my throat as much.\n\nYou can also get a pill splitter (or just a knife, if you're more coordinated than most of us), and swallow smaller pieces of it.
220857
Sh*t happens!\n\nOK, sorry. Goats have a much more efficient uptake of water from the stool in the large intestine. In goats, before the feces is expelled it is squeezed and rolled around by the action of the large intestine so that as much water as possible is absorbed by the intestinal walls. This results in small, relatively dry fecal pellets. Cows absorb some water but just shoot the rest through as a soggy mush.
280134
Though your stomach can't break down a piece of gum the same way it breaks down other food, your digestive system can move it along through normal intestinal activity (in other words, it comes out the other end.) Chewing gum has five basic ingredients - sweeteners, corn syrup, softeners, flavors and gum base (the part that puts the "chew" in chewing gum). The first four ingredients are soluble, meaning they dissolve in your mouth as you chew. Gum base doesn't. And although it isn't meant to be swallowed, if it is, it simply passes through your system, just like popcorn or any other form of roughage. It starts traveling down your esophagus, into your stomach, enters the small intestine, and makes its way to the large intestine. This normally takes only a few days.
950302
It very well could be from the antibiotics.  Antibiotics can wipe out some of the bacterial flora that are normally found in your digestive tract, leading to changes in how completely you digest food.  Diarrhea can often result, but even if it doesn't, you're bound to have stools that are more watery than normal, or even have a higher concentration of stomach acids present.  Stomach acids, in lower volumes, can slightly irritate the skin of the anus and make it itch.  Watery stools can make cleanliness tougher, and waste material--even in trace amounts--can irritate your skin, making it itch.  Since the antibiotic you're on is fairly powerful, I'd lay my money on betting between the two of the above scenereos.\n\nHere's a couple of things that you can try.  The first is to eat more yogurts (which list that they contain live cultures--not all do) or take pro-biotics to replace the benificial bacteria the antibiotics are killing; keep doing this for a few weeks after you complete the treatments to make sure you completely rebuild what was killed.  The second is to take a dab of either neosporin ointment or Zinc oxide cream, and apply it to your anus after each bowel movement.  This will help to sooth any itching, as well as prevent further irritation.  No need to slop it on!  Just a dab'll do ya.\n\nSince these antibiotics are prescription drugs, that means your doctor's familiar with the fact that you're taking them... so by all means, ask him or her for any suggestions they may have--they'll probably tell you what I just did, but I'd never pretend to know more than a health professional... better to hear it twice than not at all, right?\n\nTake heart!  At least the itching won't last forever!
144834
Probably you have trouble absorbing pills through your digestive tract.  In order for medications or vitamins to work, for instance, they have to be absorbed through the stomach and intestine and into the bloodstream.  Researchers determine the effectiveness of drugs through a measurement of their concentration in the blood plasma, and they look to see how long the blood plasma concentration remains elevated.\n\nI represent a liquid multivitamin and mineral supplement product, and the company has gone to great expense to creat e a product that is easily absorbed and gets into the bloodstream, to remain at high concentration for a longer period of time.\n\nIt seems to me that with all the products you are taking, you should seriously consider taking a full spectrum multivitamin and mineral supplement.  I have heard personally reports of people who have been able to reduce their intake of anxiety and other kinds of stress drugs because they improved their nutrition through the use of these supplements.\n\nYahoo gets mad if I post a link to a web sales site here, but you can write me and I will send you a link in return email, or call you on the phone if you would like to discuss this further.  I can also point you to some research and education tools on the net that you can use for free.  Write me at: jstmother@yahoo.com.  I wish you the best with your health challenges.
515564
Here's the rub: vitamin companies almost always put into their capsules what they say they do, and in the quantities they state. The difference in quality comes from the method used to process the vitamins in the capsules. Making the compounds easily absorbed by the GI tract takes some chemistry and a little money. I buy GNC MegaMen. They're great... they are not a capsule, but a pill, and I've tested that they fully dissolve within 5 minutes of being in room temp. water.
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The digestive tract is complete and ciliated, with a mouth, anus and complex stomach. The pattern of the stomach varies according to the mollusks diet.  Food is taken up by cells lining the digestive glands arising from the stomach, and then is passed into the blood.  Undigested materials are compressed and packaged, then discharged through the anus into the mantle cavity and are carried away from the animals in the water currents.  This packaging of wastes in solid form prevents fouling of the water passing over the gills. \n        Excretory functions are carried out by a pair of nephridia, tubular structures that collect fluids from the coelom and exchange salts and other substances with body tissues as the fluid passes along the tubules for excretion. The nephridia empty into the mantle cavity.
213879
AH ..... an aneasthetic Q/A.\n   Some things that are introduced into our system are metabolised or altered by certain organs.\n  eg....we swallow a tablet  goes to stomach, gets partially digested and then goes into the blood stream, then to the liver....etc....\n  OR...we inject a patient into a vein, the substance goes to the liver to be first metabolised before anywhere else...\n....get it.\n   There are other things that go through your system and get changed by different organs, broken down, altered and then get treated by other organs in other ways, and then get excreted out, be it by the kidneys into urine, or lungs, via breath.