what is the diference between runout & concentricity ? how are they measured?
113654
To measure runout, here is an example.  Say you have a shaft in 2 bearings.  Place the bearings in a V block on a surface plate (a ground piece of granite, very flat, for inspection and quality control purposes.)  Get a feeler gage, and put the needle on the shaft.  Zero the gage.  Now rotate the shaft.  The difference between the highest and lowest measurements is runout.  \n\nNow for concentricity, pretend there is a hole drilled in the end of the shaft.  You put the needle on the inside of the hole, touch the lower surface and zero the indicator.  Again, the difference between the high and low measurement will be the amount between the center of the drilled hole and the center of the shaft.  In reality, it is measuring ECCENTRICITY, which is the shortest distance between the centers of two points.  When that measurement is zero, the hole and the shaft centers are CONCENTRIC, having the same centers.  \n\nRunout is commonly used on the lathe.  You put a shaft in and clamp the jaws down.  Three jaw chucks do not always put the shaft center on center with the machine spinning axis.  You indicate the outside of the shaft with an indicator, and adjust the chuck with set screws to make the measurement go to zero, then tighten down the chuck. Thus the centerline is now CONCENTRIC with the centerline of the lathe spinning axis.  Therefore the round section clamped in the 3 jaws will be CONCENTRIC with the cylindrical section being cut by the lathe.  RUNOUT was the measurement in this situation that helped you make things CONCENTRIC.\n\nRunout is also measured in the direction parallel to the axis of rotation.  A common practice is to check the RUNOUT of your brake rotor on a car.  An indicating gage is set to zero on the outermost part of the braking surface on a rotor.  You spin the rotor.  The maximum difference between measurments (the wobble) is the RUNOUT of the rotor.  Hope this clears things up.
304287
This is called Base line correction.\nYour solvent may be having some absorption, or the impurities in it may be having some absorption..so to measure your compunds absorption exactly, you need to take the solvent (n whcih you are going to dissolve your compound later) and do this base line correction.\nIn a way you are telling instruments "NOT TO WORRY ABOUT THESE ABSORPTIONS"\n\nThats it\nYou got it?
497121
Dissipation in a yield line\nIf the axes of rotation for two slab parts are not at the same depth measured from the slab surface,\nthe relative displacement discontinuity is no longer perpendicular to the yield line. The angle\nbetween the displacement discontinuity and the yield line changes with the depth from the slab\nsurface and this must be taken into account when calculating the dissipation.\n\nAnd you will find more from this book.
1187798
The pressure difference between the opening(s) and the constricted part of the venturi should be proportional to their cross-sectional areas taken as Pi *r^2 or Pi*(D/2)^2.\n\n* is multiply\nPi is ~ 3.14\nr is radius\nD is diameter\n^ is "to the power"\n\nIf the opening has a diameter of D, and the constricted part has a diameter of d, then the pressure increases at d by the multiple of:\n\npi*(D/2)^2  /  pi*(d/2)^2\n\neverything cancels except (D/d)^2\n\nso, if the diameter of the openings is 2 units (like inches) and the diameter of the narrowest part is 1 unit, the pressure at the narrowest point increases by:\n\n(2/1)^2 = 4  or 4-fold.\n\nYou should have someone check me; this is derived from scratch!
860146
The first value represents the (average) Minimun length recorded, the second the Average and the last the Maximum measured values. \nLength............141,5 mm..........161,5 mm..........181,1 mm. \nCircumference..117,5 mm.........127, 3 mm.........137,8 mm.\nKensey data are quite old. These statistic is the last one.
966327
I agree; c) is the right choice.  The other units are used to measure:\n\na)  power ratio\nb)  pressure\nd)  pressure (again)
917250
I'm going off memory here so be sure to check this.  I think the formula is the same, but the structure may be different.  Just trying to point you in the right direction.
799770
Sounds like a heat transfer question.  If so it depends on how the tube is being used.  \n\nFor a single pipe exposed to heat transfer to air, the outer diameter is used to determine the surface area.  For shell and tube exchangers they have charts for making the determination based on the tube configuration and baffling.
1096483
Rise over run is NOT the Pythagorean theorem. Rise over run is the slope of a line. It is measured by taking the quotient of the difference vertical change in position to lateral change in position. A negative slope is one whose line falls in the direction from left to right while a positive slope rises the left to right (depending on how your coordinate system is defined- a right handed coordinate system behaves this way)
90686
I´m guessing you want to know the difference in meaning, since you already have the values.\n\nThe radius is the distance measured from the center to the edge of a circle. Imagin Earth as an orange cut in half and put back together. The cut line would be the Equator. Now open the orange and face the inside of the orange and you´ll see a white circle. The distance from the center of the orange to the edge (or white stuff) is the radius.\nThe circumference (or perimeter) is the length of one full lap around that circle.
571215
The 2-cm mark is arbitrary. As long as your spot was above the level of the solvent when you ran your plate you are fine.\n\nTo calculate Rf, measure the distance between where the spot started and the spot ended. Next measure the distance from where the spot started and the solvent front ended. The Rf is the first distance divided by the second, and it should always be less than or equal to 1.
453196
Actually let me explain a bit further.  You have added a know amount of one of the substances.  and you titrate the other against it.  In the presence of your indicator.\n\nNow it doesnt matter how much water you add you still have the same amount of the thing you measured out and so it will take the same amount of titrant to titrate it.\n\nhope that makes sense.
834836
Flowrate is often used to quantify the amount of liquid (or gas) flowing through a conduit (pipe), for example 100 gallons per second.\n\nNominal means any/and/or of terms like 'target', 'design', 'average'... hope you get the idea...\n\nThe reason things are expressed as 'nominal' is because in reality if you are trying to achieve a specific quantity, you can never get it 100% right - This is the notion of tolerance, or error and uncertainty.\n\nSo your 100 gallons per second target value maybe it will be only 95 gallons per second, or 105 gallons per second at any given time. So a value might be expressed as 100 plus or minus 5 gallons per second, the 100 is your nominal value, the +/- 5 is your tolerance. A good design must make sure it can handle the extremes of what is possible not only the nominal.
68097
do you mean things as far as max and mins, asymptotes and things like that?\n\nif you are a little more specific i can help you better, or e-mail me, it would be a little easier  matttlocke@yahoo.com
632058
C\nTotal discharge of a (river) system is determined by its  total volume dividd by a time constant.  Just as a car has a speed (miles per hour), the discharge of a river has a volume per second (or day, or year, etc.), which measured in scientific units is cubic meters per second (m^3*s^-1). Thus, C is the closest answer, although it omits the needed time interval to describe a total flow.
978664
Orthocentre = point where altitudes intersect (An altitude is the line from the vertex to the opposite side (extended if necessary))\n\nIncentre = centre of the incircle = point where perpendicular bisectors of each of the sides intersect. \nRadius of incircle = √[(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)/s] where s = semiperimeter\n\nCentroid = point where medians meet (Median is the line joining a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite sides) The centroid is the centre of gravity of the triangle and the centroid divides each median in the ratio 2:1 On a numberplane the centroid of a triangle is the point which is at the average of the sum of the three x- and y-coordinates of its vertices)\n\nOne other is:\nCircumcentre = centre of the circumcircle = point where angular bisectors meet.\nDiameter of circumcircle = a/sinA = b /sinB = c/sinC
270139
If you mean conductometric TITRATION, it won't work.  Assuming they're both at the same concentration, you'll get a flat line.  Conductance is a rough measure of the ion concetration.  The start (H+ + Cl-) has the same number as equivalence (Na+ + Cl-).  Adding more (Na+ + OH-) past equivalence will not change the concentration either.