What might the effects of an inverted chromosome be?
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When a parent has an inversion there is an increased risk for offspring with an incorrect amount of genetic material. This can lead to babies with birth defects and/or abnormal development or an increased risk for miscarriage. The possible pregnancy outcomes for an individual with an inversion is rather complicated and depends on how big the inversion is, where it is, and what type of inversion is present, paracentric or pericentric. There are many inversions that occur in the general population that are called normal variants. Including Inv(9) and Inv(2). These inversions are not related to an increased risk of birth defects and/or developmental difficulties.
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I would assume that by the meaning of the term hypotonic that one would want to enlarge the cell, swell it up, which also would make the chromosomes larger. This would make for better karyotype vewing.
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It effects identical offspring syndrome.
758514
that's really rare but it has happened before.  It has to do with the chromosomes and how they are activated and crossed over and everything...it's complicated.
135674
A common abnormality is caused by nondisjunction, the failure of replicated chromosomes to segregate during Anaphase II. A gamete lacking a chromosome cannot produce a viable embryo. Occasionally a gamete with n+1 chromosomes can produce a viable embryo.\n\nSex-chromosome abnormalities(not to mention super-male & super-female) may also be caused by nondisjunction of one or more sex chromosomes. Any combination (up to XXXXY) produces maleness. Males with more than one X are usually underdeveloped and sterile. XXX and XO women are known, although in most cases they are sterile.
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Chromosomal aberrations include\n1) inversions (rearrangements of DNA segments within chromosomes)\n2) reciprocal translocations (DNA segments exchanged between chromosomes)\n3) aneuploidies (deviations from the normal diploid number of chromosomes in somatic cells, either because different chromosomes join, or there is one or more extra chromosomes, etc.)\n4) transpositions (a chromosome segment is transfered to another place in the same or a different chromosome).
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It usually results in some kind of "mutation" or some sort depending on which chromosomes are affected by having extra copies or not enough. One of the most common of genetic deformities is trisomy twenty-one. The twenty-first chormosome has an extra copy and this Trisomy twenty one is commonly known as Down's Syndrome. So to give you a more direct answer It all depends on which ones...
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Actually even worse things than mental retardation could occur due to inbreeding.  There are "lethal" genes in human DNA which when combined=both parents have same gene, the offspring die.  Other things would be not only mental retardation but physical handicaps as well.  Basically what could happen is this.\nTake every negative thing about yourself, all the negative things about the sibling and put all that into the child that the two would create.  That is the worse case scenario.  \nYou are probably not old enough to watch the movie but you could check out "Deliverance" there are some really messed up people due to inbreeding and isolation from society.\nIt's just like a lot of the purebred dogs now have serious genetic diseases b/c of inbreeding.\nReally all you have to do is search the word inbreeding and TONS of info will come up, should answer any questions you have.
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Symptoms \n\nIndividuals with Down Syndrom may not experience all of the symtoms. Some of the common symptoms are: decreased muscle tone at birth, asymmetrical or odd-shaped skull, round head with flat area at the back of the head, small skull, slanting eyes, small mouth with protruding tongue (see tongue problems), broad short hands, single crease on the palm, retarded growth and development, delayed mental and social skills (mental retardation)\n\nWhat are the physical Characteristics?\n\nChildren with Down Syndrome have a widely recognized characteristic appearance. Their head may be smaller than normal (microcephaly) and abnormally shaped. Other prominent characteristics are: a flattened nose, protruding tongue, upward slanting eyes, short hands and fingers, and a single crease in the palm.
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inversion is not a gene mutation
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in biology, mutations are changes to the genetic material. mutations can be caused by copying errors in the genetic material during cell division and by exposure to radiation, chemicals, or viruses, or can occur deliberately under cellular control during processes such as meiosis or hypermutation. mutations can be classified based on the effect on the structure of the genetic material:\n\n1. small scale mutations affecting one or a few nucleotides\na. point mutation: exchange of a single nucleotide for another through translations or transversions\na)i. silent mutations: code for the same amino acid\na)ii. missense mutations: code for a different amino acid; i.e. sickle cell anemia\na)iii. nonsense mutations: code for a stop codon, which can truncate the protein\nb. insertions: add one or more extra nucleotides causing a shift in the reading frame (or frameshift)\nc. deletions: remove one or more nucleotides thus altering the reading frame (or frameshift)\n\n2. large scale mutations in chromosomal structure\na. amplifications or gene duplications: leading to multiple copies of chromosomal regions\nb. deletions of chromosomal regions: leads to loss of the genes coded; deletions in chromosome 5p causes cri-du-chat syndrome, deletions in chromosome 15q results in prader-willi syndrome\nc. translocations: interchange of genetic parts from non-homologous chromosomes thus bringing together separate genes to form functionally distinct fusion genes; translocations in chromosome 21 causes down syndrome \nd. inversions: reversing the orientation of a chromosomal segment thus bringing together separate genes to form functionally distinct fusion genes\n\nto detect small scale mutations affecting one or more nucleotides, a variety of tests can be done which in principle will test either the dna composition or the presence/absence of the gene products.\n\nlarge scale mutations in the chromosomal structures can be detected using karyotyping because the chromosomes with mutations would differ in sizes and shapes when compared to the standard. in general the chromosomes with deletions would be relatively smaller and chromosomes with additions would be relatively bigger than their counterparts, while chromosomes with either inversions and translocations would exhibit bridges and/or rings.
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COLORBLIND WMEN ARE RARELY FIND. BUT IF SO HAPPEN THEN THE THIRD GENRATION WILL BE AFFECTED N NOT THEIR CHILDRN! AS WMEN HAV XX CHROMOSOMES N MEN HAV XY CHROMOSOME
214313
I sure do. There are basically 4 different types of chromosomal mutations:  deletions, duplications (both of which are caused by nondisjunction), inversions (a piece of the chromosome breaks off, rotates 180 degrees and then reattaches), and translocation (a piece of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches to another chromosome).
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We normally have 23 pairs of chromosomes, that is, 46 chromosomes in total. When they're seen inside of a cell nucleus, they just look like similar V , X and Y shaped little dark spots, but the specialists are able to order them and know which ones belong to each pair (i.e. are homologous). They've labeled the pairs from 1 to 23 (the 23rd pair is the XX or XY sex chromosomes). \nIn Down syndrome, there is an extra chromosome. If you just looked at an image of the nucleus, you'd just count 47 chromosomes. But it has been determined that the "extra" one is a duplicate of one of the members of pair 21. \nIn the case of other duplicate chromosomes, the effects are not Down syndrome. Most cases of chromosomal duplication are lethal.
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Well if the non-disjunction is for an autosome and leads to trisomy (the presence of a homologous pair + 1 more of a chromosome) as happens in down's syndrome for chromosome 21 it leads to abnormalities but has no effect on sex (gender should we say? for sex i imagine would be severely effected)\nGender is only effected when the chromosomal non disjunction happens to the sex chromosomes leading to the XO, XXX, XXY states which cause various diseased or intersex cxonditions.
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It can happen to anybody - check with your doctor to find out if yours is hemophilia.  There are other blood disorders as well, such as sickle-cell anemia.  That's a disorder where the red bood cells change shape and can't carry oxygen as well as they should be able to.\n\nsoaplady99ca is incorrect in saying that it only effects men.  If the father of a child has the trait, and the mother of a child is a carrier, and the mother passes the chromosome with the trait, then a female can get it - X(defect)X(defect) would result in a female with the defect.
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During Meiosis I the chromosomes engage in crossing over through their association with homologs.\n\nMy bad. Tetrads is what the four chromosome arrangement is called.\n\nYes the site is a chiasma.