how can i know the difference between animal&human DNA.IS there any specific experiment to know the difference
108939
One of the most obvious differences between the DNA of different species is the number of chromosomes.  If you have intact cells, you can do a DNA smash and stain and see how many chromosomes there are - for example dogs have 78 chromosomes, while humans have only 46.   Molecularly, there is no difference, besides a few genes which differ in sequence.
953794
Simply DNA is an organic computer program which contains all of the information to grow an organic creature, such as mice, worms and humans.\n\nDNA is all but as individual as you are, so DNA can be used by forensic scientists to narrow down the search for the perp in a murder enquiry.\n\nDNA (if read) can provide much information:\n\napproximate height, hair colour, ethnicity, eye colour, approximate age, etc...
372921
http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/DNA/dna.htm
892921
The only difference between the DNA of white and black people is the DNA for pigmentation, which I think is about 6 or 7 genes. These 6 and 7 genes for pigmentation are different between all white and all black people, however all the other 1000's of genes are even distributed (on average) between people of different races. The fact is, all humans share the same genes, but different races have a greater frequency of different genes. Practically, on a genetic level, all humans are the same.
298787
The differences between DNA/RNA:\n\n*DNA stays in the nucleus, while the mRNA leaves\n*RNA contains oxygen, while DNA doesn't (DEOXY- no oxygen)\n*DNA has the nitrogen bases Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine. RNA has those also, but instead of Thymine it has Uracil\n*RNA is single-stranded while DNA is double-stranded
896114
A rough indication is the number of base pairs in the organism's DNA sequence.  It will be a slight overestimate of the organism's complexity because some of the genome is redundant.  So since there are 4 different bases and there are 3 billion base pairs in the human genome, and 4=2^2, there are 6 billion bits of information in the human genetic make-up.  If it seems incredible to you that the information to create something as complex as a human could easily be stored on a CD, some of the structures in a human body are highly repetitive.  Remember, all this information can be condensed into one sperm and one egg.  Centuries ago we'd reached the stage where an average person's cultural complexity, that is, their knowledge, language and memories, exceeded their physiological complexity.
844338
The difference can be quantified by computing the similarities between the DNA sequences of homo sapiens and other animal species. He's right, the differences are very little. More than 98% of our DNA sequence is similar to the chimpanzee. The gorilla, orangutan and other old world apes are also extremely close. The new world apes are farther, then the monkies, and so on...
889246
1. A DNA molecule refers to just a double stranded molecule but a chromosome is a condensed form of DNA complexed with proteins. An intermediate is the chromatin which is a network of fibrils consisting of DNA and they exist when the cell is not dividing.\n\n2. Prokaryotes have a single chromosme that contains only few proteins and appear as an electron-dense irregular shaped region called the nucleoid which is not enclosed by membrane. If you stretched this out, the chromosome would be a circular loop attached to the plasma membrane of the cell. Also, when they replicate, the replication occurs in two directions at once since the DNA molecule is cirular. Eukaryotes have much more proteins and when not being replicated are in the membrane bound nucleas as chromatin. Then the DNA replicates, it is dones by numerous origins of replication initially called replication bubbles that meet up to form replication forks. The broken segments of this replication method is calked Okazaki framents.\n\n3.Autosomal chromosomes are the rest of the chromosomes that are nonsex and are the same no matter what sex the person is. For example, there are 46 chromosomes in humans and one PAIR is your sex chromosome which determine your sex (girl = XX and boy = XY) while the other 44 are autosomal which you inherited no matter what your sex was.\n\n4. The word "complexity" is hard to define here because it is ambiguous and subjective. To us humans, a zebra may seem less complex since we cant tell them appart, but from the zebra's prospective, their unique stripe patterns differntiate very clearly who is who. At birth, the mother zebra spends 20 min. with its calf so it can memorize stripe patterns. However, understand the aim of the question, the answer is no. There is no proven evidence that shows a direct correlation of chromosome number to complexity. Well, you may think that since there are more chromosomes, these organisms have more alleles coded for them and are thus more complex. Not necessarily true. Some genes code for mutliple traits while others may have multiple genes for one trait. Also the vast number of genes that are coded in a single chromosome is very high. Ex. A Human has 46 chromosomes but a Crayfish has 200! Therefore more chromosomes do not mean higher "complexity" (at least in this implied definition)
946006
They are different, one is general and the other is connected to the reproductive details in the DNA as per the explanation given by all the three preceding answerers. All of them are right in their own way so far as the scientific findings on the subject is concerned.
1145191
B) RNA is found only inside the nucleus, whereas DNA is found only outside the nucleus.\n\nIn order for the statement to be true, the subjects (RNA & DNA) should be switched.
96293
The previous answer would be exellent except it is dead wrong.  You've confused transgenic with hybrid.\n\nA transgenic organism is an organims whose genome has been artificially altered.  For example, a transgenic cow may be altered to produce human insulin excreeded in her milk (which is excellent for treating diabetes).\n\nMajor ethical issues include, of course, the issue of "playing god," mentioned above.  More relevant issues tend to revolve around animal cruelty.  Basically, you've got some cow embryo (or whatever animal you're using) and alter its DNA to make it produce human insulin.  Great for the diabetic people getting the insulin, but what about the cow?  Is it right to keep her locked up for our use?  Was it right to mess with her DNA in the first place?\n\nTrangenic species can also be used to produce enhanced versions of the animal (ex. a cow that yields twice as much meat).  This creates some more animal cruelty issues, and maybe some issues about fair competition.\n\nTransgenic species are also commonly used in medical research (as well as other areas of biology) to test to effects of potential drugs and study the modes of action of certain diseases.  Animal testing has its own set of ethical issues.
564944
Absolutely nothing to do with chromosome count.\n\n>>>> How closely related are humans to apes and \n>>>> other animals?\n\nIt varies depending on the animal obviously. Around 95% relatedness to chimpanzees. Around 92% for gorillas, as little as 80% for orang-utans. It gets progressively less the  more distant the other species are in evolutionary terms.\n\n>>>>How do scientists measure that?\n\nThere are two basic ways. One is to measure the degree of similarity of the genes, that is the functional parts of the DNA. That generally produces figures quite a bit higher than the ones I gave above. The other is to sequence the entire genome, or large stretches of it and compare it that way. Because those long stretches contain non-coding material they are generally more dissimilar between species.\n\n>>>>Are humans related to plants at all?\n\n\nYep. All living things on this planet are related to some degree. IIRC humans share around 15% of their genes with bananas.
784158
RNA uses the sugar ribose, and DNA uses the sugar 'deoxyribose'. (Hence ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid - shortened to RNA and DNA). The difference in molecular structure is that DNA contains one less oxygen atom than RNA: RNA has an 'OH' attached to the 5' carbon, whereas DNA just has an 'H'.
851956
First, kudos to you for being so open minded.\n\nI haven't read the Nat'l Geo article yet ... but I have it, and am anxious to read it.  Say what you will, the photos are breathtaking (but that's nothing new with Nat'l Geo).  And I have read several Dawkins books, but not that one. \n\nBut without hearing your specific counter-arguments, I don't know how to address them, or why you find the evidence to be "not of such high quality."  The evidence is actually *exceedingly* strong ... and most scientists accept it.\n\nI highly recommend two books in the "Beginners" series.  Specifically, "DNA for Beginners" and "Darwin for Beginners".   Don't be fooled by the cartoon format of these books ... they are excellent introductions to the science.\n\nBut if I can try and guess your point ... if the evidence of genetic linkage with *prehistoric* species is not of "high quality", it's because the DNA molecule (the source of all genetic material for all life on this planet) breaks down rather quickly.  Even a few hundred years is enough to start breaking down the DNA in the remains of animals.  And fossils rarely contain any genetic material.  However, this is not always true.  Occasionally, bone tissue can remain in fossils, and some DNA can be extracted (as we have done with Neanderthal, for example).  But overall, recovering genetic material from prehistoric animals is difficult.\n\nHowever, the genetic links can be reconstructed quite well by examining genetic similarities between living descendants of that prehistoric species.  If living species A, B, and C all have specific genes in common (code for the same protein, same location in the chromosomes, almost identical amino-acid structure), then this tells us that their common ancestor X had these genes.  If there is a fouth species D that has some, but not all the genes shared by A, B, and C ... then this indicates that there is a common ancestor Y that is further back that is the ancestor of all four living species.\n\nFuthermore, there is the concept of the 'molecular clock'.  This is the known rate at which transcription errors (basically 'typos') occur in DNA as it gets passed from generation to generation.  So the number of minor 'typos' found in the DNA of A, B, and C gives us a strong indication of how long ago their common ancestor X lived.  (For more info. see source.)\n\nI hope that helps.  It's hard to be more specific without knowing what your specific objections are.
1136356
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid —usually in the form of a double helix— that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life, and most viruses. DNA is a long polymer of nucleotides (a polynucleotide) and encodes the sequence of the amino acid residues in proteins using the genetic code, a triplet code of nucleotides.\nIn complex eukaryotic cells such as those from plants, animals, fungi and protists, most of the DNA is located in the cell nucleus. By contrast, in simpler cells called prokaryotes, including the eubacteria and archaea, DNA is not separated from the cytoplasm by a nuclear envelope. The cellular organelles known as chloroplasts and mitochondria also carry DNA.\nDNA is often referred to as the molecule of heredity as it is responsible for the genetic propagation of most inherited traits. In humans, these traits can range from hair colour to disease susceptibility. During cell division, DNA is replicated and can be transmitted to offspring during reproduction. Lineage studies can be done based on the facts that the mitochondrial DNA only comes from the mother, and the male Y chromosome only comes from the father.\nEvery person's DNA, their genome, is inherited from both parents. The mother's mitochondrial DNA together with twenty-three chromosomes from each parent combine to form the genome of a zygote, the fertilized egg. As a result, with certain exceptions such as red blood cells, most human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, together with mitochondrial DNA inherited from the mother.\n\nMolecular structure:\nAlthough sometimes called "the molecule of heredity", DNA macromolecules as people typically think of them are not single molecules. Rather, they are pairs of molecules, which entwine like vines to form a double helix (see the illustration at the right).\nEach vine-like molecule is a strand of DNA: a chemically linked chain of nucleotides, each of which consists of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate and one of five kinds of nucleobases ("bases"). Because DNA strands are composed of these nucleotide subunits, they are polymers.\nThe diversity of the bases means that there are five kinds of nucleotides, which are commonly referred to by the identity of their bases. These are adenine (A), thymine (T), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). U is rarely found in DNA except as a result of chemical degradation of C, but in some viruses, notably PBS1 phage DNA, U completely replaces the usual T in its DNA. Similarly, RNA usually contains U in place of T, but in certain RNAs such as transfer RNA, T is always found in some positions. Thus, the only true difference between DNA and RNA is the sugar, 2-deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA.\nIn a DNA double helix, two polynucleotide strands can associate through the hydrophobic effect and pi stacking. Specificity of which strands stay associated is determined by complementary pairing. Each base forms hydrogen bonds readily to only one other, A to T forming two hydrogen bonds and C to G forming three hydrogen bonds. The GC content and length of each DNA molcule dictates the strength of the association; the more complementary bases exist, the stronger and longer-lasting the association characterised by the temperate required to break the hydrogen bonding, its Tm value.\nThe cell's machinery is capable of melting or disassociating a DNA double helix, and using each DNA strand as a template for synthesizing a new strand which is nearly identical to the previous strand. Errors that occur in the synthesis are known as mutations. The process known as PCR (polymerase chain reaction) mimics this process in vitro in a nonliving system.\nBecause pairing causes the nucleotide bases to face the helical axis, the sugar and phosphate groups of the nucleotides run along the outside; the two chains they form are sometimes called the "backbones" of the helix. In fact, it
294442
the difference in DNA between humans is SUPER tiny, like in the hundreths of a percent different.  humans are approximately .001% different
697910
what type of image what type of DNA?\n\n\nhttp://www.csulb.edu/~cohlberg/storage/dna302.jpg\nhttp://www.alzheimers.org/rmedia/IMAGES/high/DNA_HIGH.JPG\nhttp://www.altered-states.net/barry/newsletter205/dna.jpg\nhttp://cmgm.stanford.edu/biochem201/Slides/DNA%20Topoisomerase/122%20Hum%20Topo%20I%20-%20DNA%20%20sites.JPG\nhttp://www.cottonexpressions.com/images/DNA.Large.jpg\nhttp://www.foolishpeople.com/foolishpeople/images/gem-dna.jpg\nhttp://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/vmd/images/collections/dof/dna/dna.jpg\nhttp://cmgm.stanford.edu/biochem118/images/DNA%20Slides/10A-DNA.jpg