which is the first enzyme discovered?
102941
I believe it was catalase.  It comes from the term to catalyse which means to speed up or destroy.  Calalyses are not used up in chemical reactions just like enzymes.
759456
The earliest evidence of nucleic acids was 1869, when Friedreich Meischer isolated the phosphate-containing acid from a cell nucleus.\n\nIn the 1930s/40s, Edwin Chargaff discovered the A-T, C-G pairings\nand finally in 40s/50s Rosalind Franklin identified the helix structure.
715442
Origin of the first life.
464733
DNA was discovered as a chemical long before the 50's when Watson and Crick discovered the structure of it.  I can't totally answer your question, but hopefully that keeps you from getting sidetracked.
588452
Moissan was the first to *isolate* fluorine, no small feat - but the first person to identify it as a chemically-unique element (though in combination) was Scheele in 1771.
279794
figure out the efgfect of the enzyme. Or you can test DNA structure. Inhibitary enzymes have a blacked actionsite whereas activation enzymes have activation sites open to substrates
702141
Discovered by: Sir Humphrey Davy, Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac, L.J. Th&„nard \n\nDiscovered at: England, France \n\nBoron compounds have been known for thousands of years, but the element was not isolated until 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy, Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac (1778-1850) and Louis Jaques Thénard (1777-1857). This was accomplished through the reaction of boric acid (H3BO3) with potassium.
1047258
You seem to have answered your own question there. Nobody knows exactly how the first living cell formed, of course, but it is generaly thorized to have begun with self-replicating molecules (RNA&DNA, like you said, though, belive RNA is belived to be the more ancient). These molecules reacting in a dense enough solution with the nesesary ingridients and enough energy thrown itno the mix, and hey persto -Life!
552965
Papain enzyme from papayas and bromolein enzyme from pineapple.
1100165
Mg is neseccary for the catalytic reaction. A lot of enzymes have an ion in their catalyitic center which usually co-ordinate the reacting groups.
294431
Nucleic acids were discovered in 1869 by Johann Friedrich Miescher (1844-1895), who called the material 'nuclein' since it was found in the nucleus. It was later discovered that prokaryotic cells, which do not have a nucleus, also contain nucleic acids
116637
Through the discovery of nitroglycerin by two guys. \n\nNobel began experimenting with it until freak accident at a laboratory where he was working with nitroglycerin an explosion occurred, killing 6 including his brother.
582504
Another important thing to note about an enzyme is that it isn't used up in the reaction, so it can be recycled over and over. An enzyme is a protein that helps in a chemical reaction to speed it up. Enzymes are very specific in the reactions that they will interact with. An enzyme will only catalyze its own reaction.
22888
He discovered the urea cycle in 1932. The urea cycle is a cycle of biochemical reactions occurring in many animal organisms that produces urea from ammonia. This cycle, also known as ornithine cycle, was the first metabolic cycle discovered (Krebs and Hensenleit, 1932). \n\nUrea is much less toxic than ammonia; therefore, organisms that cannot easily and quickly remove ammonia usually have to convert it to some other substance, like urea or uric acid. Insufficiency of the urea cycle occurs in some genetic disorders (inborn errors of metabolism), and in liver failure. The result in liver failure is accumulation of nitrogenous waste, mainly ammonia, which leads to hepatic encephalopathy. and the citric acid cycle in 1937, which is still often called Krebs cycle. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1953. The citric acid cycle (also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the TCA cycle, or the Krebs cycle) is a series of chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells that utilize oxygen as part of cellular respiration. In these aerobic organisms, the citric acid cycle is a metabolic pathway that forms part of the break down of carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and water in order to generate energy. It is the second of three metabolic pathways that are involved in fuel molecule catabolism and ATP production, the other two being glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. \n\nThe citric acid cycle also provides precursors for many compounds such as certain amino acids, and some of its reactions are therefore important even in cells performing fermentation.
9742
Linus Pauling got the Nobel Prize in 1954 for his studies of the nature of chemical bonds in general, and for his application of this new-found understanding to be able to understand the structures of many complex chemicals, including proteins and enzymes.\n\nThe Nobel Committe's short biography of Prof. Pauling is here:\nhttp://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1954/pauling-bio.html\n\n(The other answer about Northrop was mistaken; he shared half the 1946 prize with Wendell Stanley for simply preparing enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form- the chemical nature of these enzyme proteins wasn't yet understood.  The other half of that years prize went to James Sumner for discovering that enzymes could be crystallized.  Many years later when X-ray crystallography became availble (also thanks in part to Pauling) this would help further describe enzyme structure, but not back then.)
909484
In addition to what Jen said, I would also like to point out that although isoenzymes by definition catalyze the same reaction, they often do it with different kinetic parameters.\n\nFor example, there may be different reaction order, affinities (K-constants), and the like, between two isozenzymes, even though they both perform the same product-to-substrate conversion.
529636
A necessary prerequisite to the construction of the periodic table was the discovery of the individual elements. Although elements such as gold, silver, tin, copper, lead and mercury have been known since antiquity, the first scientific discovery of an element occurred in 1649 when Hennig Brand discovered phosphorous. During the next 200 years, a vast body of knowledge concerning the properties of elements and their compounds was acquired by chemists (view a 1790 article on the elements). By 1869, a total of 63 elements had been discovered. As the number of known elements grew, scientists began to recognize patterns in properties and began to develop classification schemes.