What part of the bacterial cell is most involved with Gram staining, and why?
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the cell wall of the bacteria. Because in overall, bacteria can be classified as gram positive & gram negative. Those catagories are based on the difference on the reaction of their cell walls. \n\nBacteria are stained with gentian violet and then treated with Gram's solution; after being decolorized with alcohol and treated with safranine and washed in water, those that retain the gentian violet are gram-positive and those that do not retain it are gram-negative. \n\nThe different reactions are cause by the absorption-capability of the cell wall to the decolorization. Those bacteria which can absorpt the color factor (in the other word) the cell wall become decolorized as same as the color factor, are called gram positive. On contrary, for the gram negative.\n\nI hope this information help you to be more understand
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A phagocyte will engulf the bacteria, in the phagocyte, like a macrophage, there is a cell organell called a lysosome. In the lysosome are powerful hydrolytic enzymes. In the phagocyte the lysosomes fuse with the bacterial vesicle and the enzymes destroy the bacteria. This by the way does not work for the bacteria that causes TB.\na cell can produce a protein and exocytose the protein in a pinched off part of the plasma membrane called a vesicle.The final packaging of the protein is done by the golgi apparatus in the cell.\nActive transport is transport that uses energy. the energy source used is ATP produced by the mitochondria in the cell. A prime example of active transport is the sodium/potassium pump each living cell employs.
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Gram staining is a laboratory test used for identifying various kinds of bacteria.  Some kinds of bacteria react to the stain and those are gram positive, the rest don't and they are gram negative.  Different kinds of antibiotics are designed to kill bacteria that are gram positive, gram negative or both.
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If you refer to Gram positive (G+)and Gram negative (G-):\nThe main difference is in the thickness of the peptidoglican layer. G- has about 10 layers of PG while G+ has more then 100 layers of PG. there are many more differences like the tichoic acid in G+ and the outer membrane and periplasm in the G-
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food and bacteria particles
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Viruses lack many of the "antibiotic targets" that bacterial cells have, such as cell membrane components, ribosome subunits, and DNA polymerases.  Since viruses are basically nucleic acids surrounded by a protein coat, there is nothing unique enough for an antibiotic to target that a host cell wouldn't also have.
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A densitometer works by scaning a stained electrophoresis agar. A light is passed through the plate and picked by a detector.  The light path is interupted by the stain and that creates a "blip" on the detector. The thicker the stained area, the bigger the blip and vice versa.  The detector then processes the light and blips to give a read out that looks like a bumpy line on a graph.  It allows you to determine the quantity of protein,or whatever your phoresing, to be determined.
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Bacteria are translucent so they must be stained to visualize with a light microscope. You can use numerous stains (crystal violet, methylene blue, safrinin) to color them so they can be seen.
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The cytoplasm containing the other cell parts.
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It is the wavelenghth that is most predominant in bacteria (though this is an overstatement because bacteria is composed of many molecules that exbit differnt wavelenghths) but this is to determin the absorbance so you can use it later as a standard for how many bacterial cells are in a certain fluid.
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A definitive diagnosis requires demonstration or isolation of the organisms responsible for the infection. Direct Gram stain may be helpful because of the frequently unique morphology of Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli. In general, these organisms are pale staining and they may stain erratically. Fusobacterium cells may exhibit classic tapered ends and filamentous forms, with or without swollen areas and large round bodies. Direct gas-liquid chromatography of clinical specimens occasionally provides important clues to the presence of certain Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli. A large amount of butyric acid in the absence of isobutyric or isovaleric acid indicates the presence of Fusobacterium. The presence of succinic acid and only Gram-negative rods seen on Gram stain, or of both succinic and isobutyric acid in the specimen, indicates that Bacteroides is present. Both direct and indirect fluorescent antibody techniques may be useful for rapid detection of Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium in clinical material.
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It's the cell wall. The peptidoglycan in the gram positive bacterial cell wall retains the crystal violet and make them look purple in color.
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This quote should help, even though it is about biology generally, not botany specifically ......\n\nThe microscope is one of the most important tools used in studying bacteria. Dyeing or staining bacterial specimens or cultures was introduced in 1871 by the German pathologist Karl Weigert and has greatly helped the bacteriologist in identifying and observing bacteria under the microscope. A bacterial specimen is first placed on a glass slide. After the specimen has dried, it is stained to render the organism easier to observe. Stains also stimulate reactions in certain bacteria. For example, the tuberculosis bacillus can be recognized only on the basis of its reaction to certain stains (see Gram's Stain). Bacteriologists have been greatly aided by the electron microscope, which has far greater magnification powers than ordinary microscopes.\n\nI hope these links help.
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The greater the magnification, the more morphology you'll be able to see. 100x is preferable because bacteria are so small. Special stains help to see individual organelles inside bacteria, such as mitochondria, nucleus, cell membrane. Different bacteria take up different stains, which helps to identify them, such as gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The tubercle bacillus that causes tuberculosis will stain red on a blue background with the correct stain procedure.
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*Digging out my encyclopedia* The first bacteria were observed by Antony van Leeuwenhoek in 1683 using a single-lens microscope of his own design. The name bacterium was introduced much later, by Ehrenberg in 1828, derived from the Greek word βακτηριον meaning "small stick". Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) and Robert Koch (1843-1910) described the role of bacteria as conveyors and causes of disease or pathogens.\n\nOriginally the bacteria were considered microscopic fungi (called Schizomycetes), except for the photosynthetic cyanobacteria, which were considered a group of algae (called Cyanophyta or blue-green algae). It was only with the study of detailed cell structure that it was realized they formed a fundamental group, separate from the other organisms. In 1956 Copeland gave them their own kingdom Mychota, later renamed Monera, Prokaryota, or Bacteria. During the 1960s the concept was refined and bacteria (now including cyanobacteria) were recognized as one of two major divisions of the living world, together with the eukaryotes. Eukaryotes were generally believed to have evolved from bacteria, later from assemblies of bacteria.\nhttp://www.aaaah.org/wiki/en/ba/Bacterium.htm\nBacteria (singular: bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. Most are microscopic and unicellular, with a relatively simple cell structure lacking a cell nucleus, and organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Their cell structure is further described in the article about prokaryotes, because bacteria are prokaryotes, in contrast to organisms with more complex cells, called eukaryotes.\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria
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Gram positive cells stain gram positive because of teichoic acid that binds the peptidoglycan layers of the cell walls together. Gram positive cells have 25 to 30 layers of peptidoglycan in their walls, whereas gram negative cells only have one or two layers. As the cells age  their walls start to break down and cannot retain the stain. They lose layers of their peptioglycan or the teichoic acid isn't as effective. I hope that helps.
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Checked my bacteria program on my PDA and all that came up where....neisseria gonorrhoeae, neisseria meningitidis, moraxella catarrhalis and veillonella sp. \n\nFirst off, all I recall about those organisms is that they are aerobic cocci that are gram-negative. The exception being viellonella sp. as it is an anerobe. \n\nSecondly, I only looked for those traits I just mentioned, no idea if any of these meet your other criteria. \n\nThirdly, haven't you been doing tests all semester to narrow it down? The pathogens are limited to what you have studied, so it is not as the scope is that large. Try making a list of all of the organisms you have studied, turn it into a graph with all of the traits possible from all of the various tests...start filling in the blanks and you should have no problem figuring out which organism it is. Our specimen was contaminated and I found no problem determining both the assignment and the contaiminant using this method. \n\nPerhaps it is one of the organisms I mentioned above, it's very likely if you have studied any of them in Microbiology. But if not, use the method I described above and it really is just a process of elimination. \n\nGood luck