If an atom had no electrons what would happen to photons that came near the atom? (and thus no orbital shells)
102260
The photon would give its energy to the atoms' kinetic energy.  in otherwords, the photon would be captured by the nucleus causing the nucleus to fly off faster.
1089315
I'd say option B. Each photon contains one fragment of the image. But actually, there are no such things as photon particles. The "waves" that "photon particles" create are actually part of the photon themselves.
783373
This depends on how many electrons the element has to lose or gain to complete its outer layer. If the element is on the right side of the periodic table then it will gain electrons. The left side will lose electrons. How many electrons can be determined by how far away the element is from the nearest side of the periodic table.\n\nTHere is of course more technical depth to this however this thumb rule will do. For more info type ionisation into wikipedia. that should help...
453117
How can you have something if nothings there? Atoms are made up or protons, neutrons, and quarks which are the basic building blocks of matter. Well at least until someone discovers there made up of something else lol!
56188
Atoms have what are called "orbitals" which are sorts of energy states that electrons can acheive.  A certain set of orbitals are considered the ground state, which is to say that a neutral atom (meaning the atom has as many electrons as protons) will be at its lowest energy state when all electrons occupy the ground state orbitals.  However, an electron can acquire extra energy which will raise the electron to a higher orbital.  This can be done by heat or light.  When an electron is elevated to a higher orbital, it is unstable, and it will eventually drop.  When it drops back down to groundd state, it will release a photon which has a specific amount of energy--the difference in enrgy between the higher and lower orital.\n\nEnergy in a photon relates to its wavelength, and wavelength relates to color.  Hence, for a given type of atom, the transition between two orbitals (which is set by the nucleus involving physical chemistry matters that are way too complex to speel out here) will always require a certain amount of energy, and the relaxation of an electron between those states will always release a photon of a specific color.
66479
No Way Man!  Photon-photon scattering?  Highly dubious.  Photons don't have charge. They don't self-interact, that's why the electro-weak theory works so well... right?\n\nResponse to Dr. Bob's response:\n\nI agree that this process occurs (although a photon that decays into a e+e- pair has to be close to another mass so momentum can be transfered; isolated photons cant decay into e+e-).  But in such a case, would you really say that "one light ray has bounced off another?" I'd say that it was "bouncing" off the electron/positron pairs.  Just semantics I suppose.
897311
the lighter elements need less energy to scrap an electron from the outer shell
474456
Not by bombardment with radiowaves, but bombardment with subatomic particles can remove orbital extra-nuclear electrons (there are no electrons in the nucleus), and can cause instability in the nucleus that leads in some cases to an ejection of neutrons from the nucleus or even disintegration of the nucleus.
282529
If energy levels didn't exist, the spectra of atoms would all be one big swath of color. You wouldn't have those telltale spectra lines, because those are created when electrons jump from a specific energy level down.
1114186
The K-shell electrons have a good probability of being close to the nucleus (remember that at the quantum level, particles are described by probability waves). This allows a good cross section for the interaction of the electron and a proton to produce a neutron and a neutrino.
250715
Atoms do have empty spaces but these spaces are according to their size not ours let me elobrate first that we are not composed of atoms we are composed of cells if any one says atoms then tell that person that atoms are non living whereas cells are living some part of our body are dead cells like nails hairs dead skin at the knuckles etc but the rest is all living cells.\n\n\nThings don't fall through other things because they are levitating on an electrostatic field! I am not kidding! When you sit on a chair, you are not really touching it. You see, every atom is surrounded by a shell of electrons. This electron cloud presents a rather negative face to the world. Remember that like charges repel each other. When two atoms approach each other, their electron shells push back at each other, despite the fact that each atom's net charge is 0. This is a very useful feature of nature. It makes our lives a lot easier.\n\nNow the question you should be asking is, if atoms push away from each other, why doesn't the entire universe just blow away from itself? The answer is that some, actually most atoms' electron shells are not full. When two atoms come together and have empty spaces in their electron shells, they will share electrons to fill in the spaces in both of their shells. Yes, the electrons really do go back and forth between atoms and they do so pretty fast. Electrons tend to be kind of mobile, which is also a very nice feature of nature, since without it your walkman would not work. Once both atoms' outer shells are full due to this electron sharing, they go back to their usual repulsive behavior. This, by the way, is how we get molecules and the secret to understanding Chemistry. It's all about the electrons!
731498
The orbitals themselves have no real "shape".  The graphical representations you are looking at are actually density maps of where an electron in that orbital is most likely to be found.\n\nIf you take a look at an "f" orbital, for example, you'll see that the "shape" is not contiguous.  It looks like a hourglass going through a donut.  Electrons being the happy things they are can appear the various different permitted energy levels around a nucleus and can even "tunnel" outside the atom itself.  Just remember when you're looking at those pictures that you're not really looking at shapes but density graphs of where an electron in that type of orbital can most probably be found.
13297
Atoms have a nucleus ( composed of protons and neutrons) and a cloud of electrons. The number of the different components varies between different elements.\n\nElectrons can only have specific energy levels in an atom - that is the energy is not continious but quantized. This is different from, say, the solar system, because a planet could theoretically be in any orbit. But we know from quantum mechanics (and many, many experiments) that electons can only occupy certain "orbits."\n\nSometimes an electron can be bumped into a higher orbit (the higher orbits have less energy, because they are not as tightly bound) or kicked out of the atom altogether. If a second electron moves into the spot it will release energy as it falls into that level.\n\nHydrogen is the easiest element to study. The nucleus is a single proton, and it can have only one electron. The different energy levels can be illustrated like this:\nhttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hyde.html#c2\n(though in reality electrons don't travel on nice orbits)\n\nIf an electron in the second lowest level does a "quantum leap" to the very lowest, it will emit energy - light - at a very specific frequency. In this case 656 nanometers, which is red. If, on the other hand, an electron falls from the 3rd level down to the 1st level the emitted light is blue.\n\nA "spectrum" will show all of these distinct levels, with the brighter ones being the most common. This shows the spectrum of hydrogen with a diagram of the quantum leaps:\nhttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hyde.html#c4\n\nIn other atoms it becomes more complex, not every jump is allowed, and in the precense of a magnetic field a "fine structure" is seen in the spectrum, as some of the main lines look double.\n\nThe result of all of this is that each different atom will give a different characteristic spectrum. So, you can use this to identify different elements in anything from crime scene samples to distant galaxies.
703674
Actually there are lots of instances of energy being converted into mass. The simplest case is pair production, when you have a high energy gramma ray pass close to an atome there is a chance that the photon will interacte at create an electron poistron pair. In doing so the photon losses energy equal two the combined mass of the two paricles,1.022 MeV.
273147
The volume of an atom is actually determined by the electrons.  An atom is composed of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons in a cloud around the nucleus.  The nucleus does contribute nearly 100% of the mass of an atom but very little volume.  Electrons weigh basically nothing but are so far away from the nucleus that the volume of the nucleus is negligible.  To relate to something you may understand...if an atom's nucleus was placed at the fifty yard line in a football stadium the electron cloud would be up at the highest levels of the seating.
36596
That's a big "if", that's some car!\n\nOK, I'll go there:\n\nThe photons in the forward direction could not escape thre filaments so they'd build up there, but the filaments would not blow because they'd be infinite mass.  Boring answer, really.  Nothing would happen.
1092996
Atoms become more stable with a full valence shell of electrons (usually 8 electrons).  Therefore, if an atom has 7 electrons, it is going to try to gain 1 more electron to gain a full valence shell.  Likewise, an atom with 1 electron on it's outer shell is likely to lose that electron, since the shell beneath it is full.  Since these atoms are losing or gaining electrons, they give themselves a positive or negative charge as a result and become ions.\n\nThe transition metals are a completely different story however, because these deal more with the d-orbitals rather than just the s- and p-orbitals.