What is thr cellular and molceular basis of muscle contraction?
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1. At the neuromuscular juncture, ACh released by the synaptic terminal binds to receptors on the sarcolemma.\n\n2. The resulting change in the transmembrane potential of the muscle fiber leads to the production of action petential that spreads across the entire surface of the muscle fiber and along the T tubules.\n\n3.The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases stored calcium ions, increasing the calcium concentration of the sarcoplasm in and around the sarcomeres.\n\n4. Calcium ions bind to triponin, producing a change in the orientation of the troponin-tropomyosin complex that exposes active sites on the thin filaments (actin). Cross-bridges form when myosin heads bind to the active sites on F actin.\n\n5. The contraction begins as repeated cycles of cross-bridge binding, pivoting, and detatchment occur, powered by the hydrolysis of ATP. These events produce filament sliding, and the muscle fiber shortens.
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2. Cell membrane and Plasma membrane.
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some muscles especially the striated muscles are made up of two kinds of proteinaceous fibres known as Actin and Myosine. These fibres are contractile in nature and different in colour due to differential quantity of myoglobin ( a kind of pigment). Due to these pigments the striations appear in muscles.
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Have you checked w/your doctor?  For complete details, click here:  \nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_contraction
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muscle that pumps blood
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All of the above are well understood, it's just that skeletal and cardiac mucsle are more complicated, therefore there is more information on them.  Smooth muscle contraction can function solely on its intrinsic plexus, its built-in nervous system that only receives fine tuning from the para and sympathetic nervous systems.  It even has its own immune system, Peyer's Patches for example.
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released from muscle stores as a form of energy
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I answered that same question yesterday:\nThe impulse reaches the terminal end of the motor neuron and breaks open the synaptic vesicles, releasing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft.\nACh then binds to receptor molecules in the motor end plate of the muscle fiber.\nThe action potential is started in sarcolemma and passes along the membrane until it reaches the sarcoplasmic reticulum releasing calcium. Calcium diffuses in sarcoplasm and binds to the troponin in the thin filaments.\nThe binding sites on the actin molecules are freed, allowing\nthe heads of myosin (thick filaments) to attach on the binding sites forming the cross-bridges connections.\nThe cross-bridges shift their angle causing the thin filaments to slide over the thick filaments; this produces the contraction.\nATP is needed for the last step. ATP is bound to myosin; calcium activates ATP breakdown into ADP and phosphate.\nPart of the energy produced is used to move bridges, the other part is released as heat, increasing the body temperature.\nMore ATP breaks the bond between thick and thin filaments in the cross bridge; calcium returns to thesarcoplasmic reticulum and the thin filaments return to their original position, closing off the binding site to cross bridges and causing the muscle to relaxe.
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Animal muscle tissue is fascinating, when you learn how it works or "clenches". The process by which muscle clenche and release seems rather complicated to learn about.  But, it's worth it.  I believe there's a possibility for alternative energy stemming from the principles for how muscles work.  I wish all engineers had to learn about anatomy and physiology.  Here are the three easiest sites I could find. You might buy a used entry level human anatomy and physiology textbook and just start at the beginning, don't try to remember all the names of everything.  But start with cells and move up to muscle tissue early in the text. It's amazing stuff. Excellent question and sense of curiosity:\n\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_contraction\nhttp://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Muscles.html
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Cardiac and skeletal muscles are both highly organized and contract in a single direction, uniformly. Smooth muscle, on the other hand is much more loosely organized. This probably leads to confusion about the order of contraction, etc.
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A thick filament of myosin lies near the thin filaments of actin.  In the sliding mechanism, the thin filaments slide into the thick filaments, producing the contraction
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Myosin is a motor molecule that converts ATP to mechanical energy that generates force and movement. They are involved in muscle contraction, cell crawling, cytokinesis, and organelle movement. It overall moves things toward the positive end and hydrolysis of ATP occurs in the head. The tail binds via protein-protein interaction on the membrane vesicle.
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the contraction and release of the muscles
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hi, i work 4 a book company, and 1 of our regular books is on cell and molecular biology, if you email me, i can probably give you an answer on exactly what ur question is.
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It's all to do with the action potential of the muscle cell. We have different sorts of them in our body...eg cardiac, smooth muscle..etc.
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There are three different kinds of muscle, and each does a different kind of work:\n\nSmooth muscle, also known as involuntary muscle, is found in the digestive tract, the urinary system, the blood vessels, and the reproductive organs.  (Yes, you need it to have sex.  Treat your smooth muscle well.)  It's non-stratiated, meaning that it's not very organized compared to other muscle.\n\nCardiac muscle is also a type of involuntary muscle.  It is found only in the heart.  In structure, it is a sort of middle ground between smooth muscle and skeletal muscle.\n\nSkeletal muscle, or voluntary muscle, is anchored to bones and tendons and used for movement.  It is very well organized.
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Muscle fatiguing and cramping are somewhat related.  \n\nFatigue is do to your muscles using up the ATP in the muscle cell.  The phosphate is essentially exploded off of the ATP, becoming ADP and needs to be replaced.  When it isn't replaced fast enough (which is why body builders take creatine phosphate) some of your muscle filaments aren't able to contract since some of the filaments don't have an expendible phosphate on the ADP.\n\nCramps.  That's a bit vague.  Do you mean soreness after exercise?  Or do you mean when the muscle stays in contraction without effort?\n\nIf you mean soreness, then that is because every time you contract a muscle, it thickens and stretches the epimyceum, the layer of connective tissue that surrounds the muscle.  This is the only part of the muscle that has pain fibers.  he more you contract it, either by intensity or prolonged use, it tears the epimyceum.\n\nUninitiated contraction is due to an electrolyte imbalance.  Either your intake of electrolytes is low, you flushed them out by drinking too much water, or there is excessive lactic acid causing an change in the membrane potential.