How does a Transistor work? How are they used as switch or amplifiers? I want to know everything related 2them
115851
transistors amplify signals by collecting signals on two entry points (collect, gate), and releasing the resulting (overdriven) signal by only one outry point (release).
878600
TFT: Thin Film Transistor. A type of LCD display where each pixel is controlled by one to four transistors. TFT screens are sometimes called active matrix LCDs.\n\nAll the information you ever wanted to know about LCDs is at this link below:
551210
Your question is not clear at all, but let me guess a little.\n\nAre you asking for the function of each component in the circuit ???\n\nIf so, light bulb will be the load.\nConductor is the mean for the current to flow.\nswitch, is for closing or opening the circuit\ninsulation, to keep conductors to short the circuit.\nmeter, to measure the voltage or current or power being used at some time.\nbattery is the power source to get the circuit to work.\n\nNow I guess I earn 10 points for best and only answer.
167843
The voltage, current and resistance are related by the equation, “Change in voltage = Change in current x Change in resistance.” \nIf we have a device which changes the resistance without allowing a change in current then change in voltage is directly proportional to the change in resistance. Transistor is such a device. \nIn an amplifier one gets an amplified output signal for a small input signal. Transistor is used in amplifier. It transforms the output resistance so as to keep the output current nearly equal to the input current. That is why it is called transistor. (Transforms resistor)\nWhen a weak pulse is applied across the input of an amplifier having a transistor, there is a small change in the input current, voltage and resistance. But the transistor increases the resistance in the output, but keeps the output current same as the input current.\nCurrent being the same, we get an amplified voltage.
568078
The driving current of a transistor is proportional to the width/length ratio (thus the area, as minimum length is defined by the technology) and also the mobility of the carrier. Electrons have higher mobility than holes (~ 2 to 3 times). The carriers in p and n channels are holes and electrons respectively. A narrower (2-3 times smaller in area) n-channel transistor can deliver the same amount of current as the p-channel one. Therefore, n-channel is more suitable to drive the load as it has larger driving power per unit area. (Area is expensive in silicon!)
371859
An emitter follower has a voltage gain of very nearly 1 and a high current gain. It is connected with supply voltage Vcc at the collector and the load resistance between the emitter and ground. The voltage at the base will be nearly exactly reproduced at the emitter but there is a base-to-emitter voltage drop Vbe which is about 0.6 volt for silicon transistors. Vbe is nearly constant as long as the transistor is not driven too close to cutoff or saturation. The input impedance is high because of the transistor's current gain (called beta). For AC (e.g., audio) amplification, you typically bias the base at Vcc/2 which allows a signal swing of nearly + or - Vcc/2.
567883
Quite well, although today it's been replaced with integrated circuits.  (It's basically a switch, and either off or on, which comes in handy when you are working with base 2 binary numbers, as in a computer.)\n\nThere are two types, NPN and PNP, depending of which way current flows through them.  They are devices which allow, or limit current flow.\n\nThe difference between PNP and NPN transistors is that NPN use electrons as carriers of current and PNP use a lack of electrons (known as "holes"). Basically, nothing moves very far at a time. One atom simply robs an electron from an adjacent atom so you get the impression of "flow". It's a bit like "light pipes". In the case of "N" material, there are lots of spare electrons. In the case of "P" there aren't. In fact "P" is gasping for electrons. Clear as mud isn't it?\n\nOK, bear in mind that the Base is only a few atoms in thickness - almost a membrane - so any electrons allowed into the base "membrane" act as a catalyst to allow other electrons to break through from emitter to collector.\n\nImagine a pool of water near the edge of a table. It rests there with surface tension holding it in place. Now put one tiny drop of water on the table edge and let it touch the pool of water. Suddenly, the pool drains onto the floor as gravity takes over! Your tiny drop provided the catalyst to get it moving. So the base electrons do a similar job for the "pool" of electrons in the emitter - helped by the "gravity suction" of the power supply voltage on the collector.\n\nA transistor doesn't "increase" current. It simply allows power supply current to pass from collector to emitter* - the actual amount depends on the (small) current allowed to flow into its base. The more electrons you allow into the base, the more (x 100) that flow from collector to emitter . I put "x 100" because that is the typical gain (amplification factor) of a transistor. For example, one electron put into the base could allow 100 to escape from collector to emitter.\n\n* The purist might argue that current flows from emitter to collector - dependent on whether we are discussing electron flow or "hole" flow. I don't want to get involved in the physics of current flow. You don't need to know this to design a circuit.\n\n* This discussion relates to Bipolar transistors. Other types of transistor such as "FETs" (Field Effect Transistors) are in common use and work in a slightly different way in that the voltage applied to the "gate" terminal controls the current flowing from "cathode" terminal to "anode" terminal. In effect, a FET is simply a semiconducting (one-way) resistor whose value is controlled by the voltage applied to its "gate".\n\n* OK, having told you all that, I now have to point out that the above description is basically WRONG! What I've described is based on what is called "the beta model" of a transistor. A transistor actually relies on base voltage input - the current input is incidental. If you are at college, your teacher will explain this fully with lots of mathematical equations that will let you design anything at all. However, my description will let you design simple circuits with a minimum of effort and they will almost certainly work. Unless you are going to take up design as a profession, this is all you need to know.
619063
For the circuit to work as an amplifier you need to make the collector voltage, move up and down in response to any input signal variations. These changes in collector voltages are coupled out through the capacitor to provide the output voltage signals, This means that in the absence of any input signal the transistor should have a moderate set of applied bias voltages/currents to give room to move up and down under the influence of any input.
1166015
Semiconductors have different uses:\n1. an N-P junction diode can be used as a rectifier, ie, to convert AC to DC [partly or fully] using the tranmission capabilities of transmission in forward & reverse biased situations\n2. an N-P-N or P-N-P triode can be used for rectification with amplification\n3. Doped semiconductors can also be used to construct logic gates in microelectronic devices.
875625
Vacuum tubes are still used for special applications such as microwave ovens.  Vacuum tubes operate in a similar general manner to transistors, but vacuum tubes can have multiple gates, can operate at much higher voltages, and generally have much higher impedances.\n\n- An electrical engineer old enough to have actually used vacuum tubes
956319
The op-amp is basically a differential amplifier having a large voltage gain, very high input impedance and low output impedance. The op-amp has a "inverting" or (-) input and "noninverting" or (+) input and a single output. The op-amp is usually powered by a dual polarity power supply in the range of +/- 5 volts to +/- 15 volts.\n\nOne of the most common applications of this device is the propagation of sound, like a line driver for your stereo. The signal from an external source is very low-powered ... the operational amplifier is used to boost the signal to where it can "drive" the speaker to reproduce the sound.\n\nAnywhere a signal needs to be boosted - and distortion minimized - you can find an op-amp configuration of some sort.
1169229
The transistor is a solid state semiconductor device that can be used for amplification, switching, voltage stabilization, signal modulation and many other functions. It allows a variable current, from an external source, to flow between two of its terminals depending on the smaller voltage or current applied to a third terminal. Transistors are made either as separate components or as part of an integrated circuit.\n\nA semiconductor is a material with an electrical conductivity that is intermediate between that of an insulator and a conductor.\n\nThe p-n junction diode is a device made from a p-n junction. At the junction of a p-type and an n-type semiconductor there forms a region called the depletion zone which blocks current conduction from the n-type region to the p-type region, but allows current to conduct from the p-type region to the n-type region. Thus when the device is forward biased, with the p-side at higher electric potential, the diode conducts current easily; but the current is very small when the diode is reverse biased.\nExposing a semiconductor to light can generate electron-hole pairs, which increases the number of free carriers and its conductivity. Diodes optimized to take advantage of this phenomenon are known as photodiodes. Compound semiconductor diodes can also be used to generate light, as in light-emitting diodes and laser diodes.
1065165
Hi,\n\nTo forward bias the transistors, you have to apply the following voltages:\n\nFor npn,\n\nThe base (p-type) should have higher potential than the emitter (n-type). For example, V(BE) > 0.7V.\n\nThe collector should have higher potential than the emitter by more than 0.2V (depends on the design of the transistor). \n\nOne possible situation is: V_C=5V, V_B=0.7V, V_E=0V\n\nFor pnp, just change "higher" to "lower",\n\nNow, the base (n-type) should have lower potential than the emitter (p-type). For example, V(BE) < -0.7V.\n\nThe collector should have lower potential than the emitter by more than 0.2V (again, depends on the design of the transistor). \n\nOne possible situation is: V_C=0V, V_B=4.3V, V_E=5V\n\nHope that helps,\n\nPlease let us know if you have more questions:\n\nhttp://www.kodkodkod.com/database.htm\n\nKodKodKod Learning Consulting (www.kodkodkod.com)
134234
OP Amp is basically a differential voltage amplifier. You supply it with two voltages as inputs and it substracts one from another, then amplifies the result, which you get as an output voltage. \n\nYou can build many useful electronic cirquits using OP Amp as a basic element (Voltage Amplifier, Inverting Voltage Amplifier, Differentiator, Integrator, Voltage Stabilizer... etc), hence the name - Operational :) . \n\nIts widely used as an IC Chip (for example LM741) in many cirquits because of it's low cost, ease of use, small size and good performance.
74884
The transistor was invented by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld, who was not a Nobel Prize winner.\n\nThe integrated circuit was first created by two scientists working independently: Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce. Jack Kilby co-won the Nobel Prize in 2000, but Robert Noyce has not as of yet won it.\n\nNote to 07_Shelby_GT500: \nWilliam Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain of Bell labs built the first practical transistor, but they did not invent it.
318348
no.\nPower transistors, ie MOSFETS, will always have thier place in individual circuits. ICs can perform many combined tasks, but don't handle power well , and can't be tailored for every small production circuit. In addition, for repair, it is much easier to replace one blown transistor, than some custom IC. MIKE
334689
As much as i know, all IC's have certain numbers. There are many many IC's that are performing many many different jobs. so in order to recongize which IC is doing what job it has a different number than a IC doing a different job. For example a IC used in a radio can not do the job of a IC used in TV and similarly a IC used in TV cannot do the job for a IC in radio. hence they have different numbers . so if a IC is damagerd it can only be replced by another IC of the same number.\nfor example  \n 74LS xxx  is transistor transistor logic. so if you take a microscope and look into this kind of IC you will find a lot of transistors. \nand  74HCxxx  OR Cd40xxx  series of IC are MOSFET based and if you take a microscope and look deep into these series u will find alot of MOSFET's .\nthankyou/