During the 3rd stage of photosynthesis, carbon-containing molecules are produced from...?
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its b from glucose see Glycosis for a futher understanding
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In simplest terms, photosynthesis is an anabolic pathway and uses light energy to generate ATP which in turn is used for biosynthesis to make glucose storing the energy derived as glucose. It also consumes CO2 and produces O2. While respiration is a catabolic pathway deriving energy from complete metabolism of glucose to CO2 and water using oxygen in the process.
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1. contaminated the atmosphere with oxygen 2.5 billion years ago\nd- noncyclic photosynthesis\n\n2. uses NADH from the matrix\nc- electron transport\n\n3. poisons by stopping electron transport in respiration\na- cyanide\n\n4. acts as the terminal electron acceptor in respiration \na- oxygen\n\n5. the most ancient glucose oxidizing pathway\nb- glycolysis\n\n6. Produces NADH in the cytoplasm\ne- citric acid cycle\n\n7. Couples mechanical energy to ATP production\nc- ATP synthase\n\n8. Generates a proton gradient\nb- triose phosphate isomerase\n\n9. Fixes carbon in Photosynthesis\nd- RUBISCO\n\n10. Generates glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate\ne- calvin cycle and glycolysis\n\nPS; I hope you get better help; I am not sure of some of these!\n\nIt may be:\n\n8. Generates a proton gradient\n\ne- calvin cycle and glycolysis\n\nand\n\n10. Generates glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate\n\nb- triose phosphate isomerase\n\nIn fact, I am trying to recall if the triose relates to glyceraldehyde.  Maybe you can do a bit more searching?
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Simply put:\n\n6CO2 + 6H2O -{photosyhnthesis}-> C6H12O6 (glucose) -{Respiration-> 6CO2 + 6H2O\n\nPhotosynthesis takes energy from sunlight; respiration gives energy to the organism.
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Carbon dioxide, because that is the raw material required for photosynthesis
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Carbon with 3 bonds to oxygen\n\nC-O\n\nwith 3 of the - signs\n\nIt makes carbon monoxide
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Photosynthesis converts carbon from inorganic to organic states.  Then respiration converts carbon from organic to inorganic states.
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The calvin cycle is the dark (non-light-requiring) biochemical pathway in plants that produces sugar from CO2.  It's discussed here: http://www.bio.umass.edu/biology/conn.river/calvin.html\n\nThe light reaction is also in chlorophyl, and uses the energy of light (photons) to start electron transport to generate energy in the form of ATP.  This ATP is then used by other processes including the dark reaction.  \n\nNote that the light reaction in plants is basically the same thing that goes on in mitocondria of eukaryotes (including plants), in which electron transport produces energy via ATP.  The dark cycle is essentially the reverse of glycolysis.  In the dark cycle sugar is produced at the expense of energy.  In glycolysis, sugar is broken down and energy released.  Glycolysis occurs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (basially all living things), while the dark cycle only occurs in plants.
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS: HOW LIFE KEEPS GOING...and going...and going...\nTake a little sunshine. Take some carbon dioxide molecules out of the air. \nTake some hydrogen atoms out of water. \nShuffle them around inside a bunch of little green chloroplasts inside green plant cells. What do you get? \nThat's right.  It's GLUCOSE and OXYGEN!   A couple of very important molecules. \n\nThat's what you asked, rite?? hee hee hee...;)
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It's the 1st part of photosynthesis, the light reactions. They need the energy from the sun to convert it into chemical energy to serve as the reactants for the 2nd part, the Calvin cycle.\n\nGood luck with your homework!! :)
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..........................\nPhotosynthesis - Plants\n\nPhotosynthesis (photo=light, synthesis=putting together), generally, is the synthesis of sugar from light, carbon dioxide and water, with oxygen as a waste product. It is arguably the most important biochemical pathway known; nearly all life depends on it. It is an extremely complex process, comprised of many coordinated biochemical reactions. It occurs in higher plants, algae, some bacteria, and some protists, organisms collectively referred to as photoautotrophs.\n\nCellular respiration - animal, human(Darwin-so included), plants also when there is no light!\n\nCellular respiration is the process in which the chemical bonds of energy-rich molecules such as glucose are converted into energy usable for life processes. Oxidation of organic material—in a bonfire, for example—is an exothermic reaction that releases a large amount of energy rather quickly. The equation for the oxidation of glucose is:\nC6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy released (2830 kJ mol−1)\n\nIn a fire there is a massive uncontrolled release of energy as light and heat. Cellular respiration is the same process but it occurs in gradual steps that result in the conversion of the energy stored in glucose to usable chemical energy in the form of ATP. ATP is known as the universal currency because when the phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP are hydrolyzed in an exergonic reaction, the energy yield is 30kJ per mole under standard conditions. Waste products (CO2 + H2O) are released through exhaled air, sweat and urine.\n............................
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A plant uses photosynthesis to produce glucose.\n\nSome of the glucose will be used in respiration to generate energy.
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A CAM plant stores carbon as organic acids for use when it closes its stomata to prevent water loss. C3 and C4 plants use 3 carbon and 4 carbon molecules respectively for use in the calvin cycle.
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in biology, the exchange of carbon between living organisms and the nonliving environment. Inorganic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is converted by plants into simple carbohydrates, which are then used to produce more complex substances. Animals eat the plants and are then eaten by other animals. When these life forms die, they decay, breaking down into, among many other things, carbon dioxide, which returns to the atmosphere. Plants and animals also release carbon dioxide during respiration. Animals and some microorganisms require the carbon-containing substances from plants in order to produce energy and as a source of materials for many of their own biochemical reactions; this cycle is vital to them. The process of incorporating carbon dioxide into the molecules of living matter is called fixation. Nearly all carbon dioxide fixation is accomplished by means of photosynthesis, in which green plants form carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water, using the energy of sunlight to drive the chemical reactions involved. Green plants use carbohydrates to build the other organic molecules that make up their cells, such as cellulose, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids. Some of these compounds require the incorporation of nitrogen (see nitrogen cycle). When carbohydrates are oxidized in cells they release the energy stored in their chemical bonds, and some of that energy is also used by the cell to drive other reactions. In the process of oxidation, or respiration, oxygen from the atmosphere (or from water) is combined with portions of the carbohydrate molecule, producing carbon dioxide and water, the compounds from which the carbohydrates were originally formed. However, not all of the carbon atoms incorporated by the plant can be returned to the atmosphere by its own respiration; some remain fixed in the organic materials that make up its cells. When the plant dies, its tissues are consumed by bacteria and other microorganisms, a process called decay. These microorganisms break down the organic molecules of the plant and use them for their own cell-building and energy needs; by their respiration more of the carbon is returned to the atmosphere. The carbon-containing molecules that an animal derives from consuming other organisms are reorganized to build its own cells or oxidized for energy by respiration, releasing carbon dioxide and water. When the animal dies it too is decayed by microorganisms, resulting in the return of more carbon to the atmosphere. Carbon-containing molecules in wood (or other dry, slow-decaying organic materials) may be oxidized by burning, or combustion, also producing carbon dioxide and water. Under conditions prevailing on earth at certain times, green plants have decayed only partially and have been transformed into fossil fuels–coal, peat, and oil. These materials are made of organic compounds formed by the plants; when burned, they too restore carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
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During cellular respiration (how we turn food into energy) O2 is the final electron acceptor. BUT... the O2 is actually turned into 2 molecules of water, so the carbon does not just hop onto the O2. The CO2 comes from the breakdown of carbon-rich sugars and fats in your food. Example... Glucose has 6 carbons...as your body rips carbons off of the glycolysis products, each carbon combines with 2 oxygens to become CO2...so 1 glucose yields 6 CO2.
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Photosynthesis uses the energy of light to make the sugar, glucose. A simple general equation for photosynthesis follows...\n\n      6 CO2 + 12 H2O  light → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O\nCarbon Dioxide+Water+Light energy → Glucose+Oxygen+Water\n\nPhotosynthesis occurs in two stages. In the first phase light-dependent reactions or photosynthetic reactions (also called the Light reactions) capture the energy of light and use it to make high-energy molecules. During the second phase, the light-independent reactions (also called the Calvin-Benson Cycle, and formerly known as the Dark Reactions) use the high-energy molecules to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) and make the precursors of glucose.\n\nIn the light-dependent reactions the pigment chlorophyll absorbs light and loses an electron that travels down an electron transport chain producing the high energy molecules NADPH and ATP. The chlorophyll molecule regains its electron by taking one from water, a process that releases oxygen gas.\n\nIn the Light-independent or dark reactions the enzyme RuBisCO captures CO2 from the atmosphere and in a complex process called the Calvin-Benson cycle releases 3-carbon sugars which are later combined to form glucose.\n\nLight to chemical energy---\nThe light energy is converted to chemical energy using the light-dependent reactions. The products of the light dependent reactions are ATP from photophosphorylation and NADPH from photoreduction. Both are then utilized as an energy source for the Light independent reactions.\n\nZ scheme---\nIn plants, light dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts and use light energy to synthesize ATP and NADPH. The light dependent reaction has two forms; cyclic and non-cyclic reaction. In the non-cyclic reaction, the photons are captured in the light-harvesting antenna complexes of photosystem II by chlorophyll and other accessory pigments (see diagram at right). When a chlorophyll molecule at the core of the photosystem II reaction center obtains sufficient excitation energy from the adjacent antenna pigments, an electron is transferred to the primary electron-acceptor molecule, Pheophytin, through a process called Photoinduced charge separation. These electrons are shuttled through an electron transport chain, the so called Z-scheme shown in the diagram, that initially functions to generate a chemiosmotic potential across the membrane. An ATP synthase enzyme uses the chemiosmotic potential to make ATP during photophosphorylation while NADPH is a product of the terminal redox reaction in the Z-scheme. The electron enters the Photosystem I molecule. The electron is emitted due to the light absorbed by the photosystem. A second electron carrier accepts the electron, which again is passed down lowering energies of electron acceptors. The energy created by the electron acceptors is used to move hydrogen ions across the thylakoid membrane into the lumen. The electron is used to reduce the co-enzyme NADH, which has functions in the light-independent reaction. The cyclic reaction is similar to that of the non-cyclic, but differs in the form that it only generates ATP and no reduced NADP (NADPH) is created. The cyclic reaction takes place only at photosystem I. Once the electron is displaced from the photosystem, the electron is passed down the electron acceptor molecules and returns back to photosystem I, from where si was emitted; hence the name cyclic reaction.\n\nWater photolysis---\nThe NADPH is the main reducing agent in chloroplasts, providing a source of energetic electrons to other reactions. Its production leaves chlorophyll with a deficit of electrons (oxidized), which must be obtained from some other reducing agent. The excited electrons lost from chlorophyll in photosystem I are replaced from the electron transport chain by plastocyanin. However, since photosystem II includes the first steps of the Z-scheme, an external source of electrons is required to reduce its oxidized chlor
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Photosynthesis consists of two stages: a series of light-dependent reactions that are temperature-independent and a series of temperature-dependent reactions that are light-independent. The rate of the first series, called the light reaction, can be increased by increasing light intensity (within certain limits) but not by increasing temperature. In the second series, called the dark reaction, the rate can be increased by increasing temperature (within certain limits) but not by increasing light intensity.\n\nThe first step in photosynthesis is the absorption of light by pigments. Chlorophyll is the most important of these because it is essential for the process. It captures light energy in the violet and red portions of the spectrum and transforms it into chemical energy through a series of reactions. Different forms of chlorophyll and other pigments known as carotenoids and phycobilins absorb slightly different wavelengths of light and pass the energy to a form of chlorophyll called chlorophyll A for the completion of the transformation process. These accessory pigments thus broaden the spectrum of light energy that can be fixed through photosynthesis.\n\nPhotosynthesis takes place within cells, in organelles called chloroplasts (in the leaves of plants) that contain the chlorophylls and other chemicals, especially enzymes, necessary for the various reactions. The chemicals involved are organized into units of the chloroplasts called thylakoids, and the pigments are embedded in the thylakoids in subunits called photosystems. Light is absorbed by the pigments, raising their electrons to higher energy levels. The energy is then transferred to a special form of chlorophyll A, called a reaction centre.\n\nTwo photosystems, numbered I and II, are recognized. Light energy is first trapped by photosystem II, and the energized electrons are boosted to an electron receptor. They are replaced in photosystem II by electrons from water molecules, and oxygen is released. The energized electrons are passed along an electron transport chain to photosystem I, and energy-rich adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is generated in the process. Light energy absorbed by photosystem I is then passed to its reaction centre, and energized electrons are boosted to its electron acceptor. They are passed by means of another transport chain to energize the coenzyme (see Enzyme) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, or NADP, resulting in its reduction to NADPH2. The electrons lost by photosystem I are replaced by those passed along the electron transport chain from photosystem II. The light reaction ends with the energy yield stored in the ATP and NADPH2