what is the Folon-Nichols award?
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Its an award for African american literature
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It is most likely some kind of honor your son is being nominated for by one of his professors. I would imagine its probably for something in his major, and it is most likely a pretty nice accomplishment. Id congradulate him.
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Doctor of philosophy\nMaster of Arts\nBachelor of Science
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Try this:\nhttp://www.accessscience.com/Encyclopedia/3/37/Est_370700_frameset.html?doi
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Fiber optics is the branch of science and engineering concerned with such optical fibers.\n\nOptical fiber is a cylindrical dielectric waveguide that transmits light along its axis. The fiber consists of a core surrounded by a cladding layer. For the fiber to guide the optical signal the refractive index of the core must be slightly higher than that of the cladding. The boundary between the core and cladding may either be abrupt, in step-index fiber, or gradual, in graded-index fiber.\n\nFiber with large core diameter, called multi-mode fiber (from the electromagnetic analysis, see below), may be analyzed by geometric optics. In a step-index fiber, rays of light are guided along the fiber core by total internal reflection. Rays that meet the core-cladding boundary at a high angle (measured relative to a line normal to the boundary) are completely reflected. The minimum angle for total internal reflection is determined by the difference in index of refraction between the core and cladding materials. Rays that meet the boundary at a low angle are refracted from the core into the cladding, where they are not useful for conveying light along the fiber. In this way, the minimum angle for total internal reflection determines the acceptance angle of the fiber, often reported as a numerical aperture. A high numerical aperture makes it easier to efficiently couple a transmitter or receiver to the fiber. However, by allowing light to propagate down the fiber in rays both close to the axis and at various angles, a high numerical aperture also increases the amount of multi-path spreading, or dispersion, that affects light pulses in the fiber.\n\nIn graded-index fiber, the index of refraction in the core decreases continuously between the axis and the cladding. This reduces multi-path dispersion because the high angle rays pass more through the lower-index periphery of the core, rather than the high-index center. Index grading also causes light rays to bend smoothly as they approach the cladding, rather than reflect abruptly from the core-cladding boundary. The index profile is chosen to minimize the difference in axial propagation speeds of the various rays in the fiber. This ideal index profile is very close to a parabolic relationship between the index and the distance from the axis.\n\nFiber with a core diameter narrower than a few wavelengths of the light carried, is analyzed as an electromagnetic structure, by solution of Maxwell's equations, as reduced to the electromagnetic wave equation. The electromagnetic analysis may also be required to understand behaviors such as speckle that occur when coherent light propagates in multi-mode fiber. As an optical waveguide, the fiber supports one or more confined transverse modes by which light can propagate along its axis. Fiber supporting only one mode is called single-mode or mono-mode fiber, while fiber that supports more than one mode is called multi-mode fiber. By the waveguide analysis, it is seen that the light energy in the fiber is not completely confined in the core, but, especially in single-mode fibers, a significant fraction of the energy in the bound mode travels in the cladding as an evanescent wave.\n\nThe common type of single-mode fiber has a core diameter of 8 to 10 μm. It is notable that the mode structure depends on the wavelength of the light used, so that this fiber actually supports a small number of additional modes at visible wavelengths. Multi-mode fiber, by comparison, is manufactured with a core diameter of 50 µm, 62.5 µm, or larger.\n\nSome special-purpose optical fiber is constructed with a non-cylindrical core and/or cladding layer, usually with an elliptical or rectangular cross-section. These include polarization-maintaining fiber and fiber designed to suppress whispering gallery mode propagation.\n\nAt high optical powers, above one watt, when a fiber is subjected to a shock or is otherwise suddenly damaged, a fiber fuse can occur. The reflection fro
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I loved these articles by Walter Williams (Professor of Economics).  He states exactly how I feel about affirmative action way more eloquently than I ever could.  You should give them a read, if you really value diversity and are open minded, then you might find them interesting.
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The science that deals with mental processes and behavior.\nClassics in the History of Psychology\n\n\nChristopher D. Green, York University, Toronto, Ontario\n\n\nIntroduction to:\n"New Methods for the Diagnosis of the Intellectual Level of Subnormals."\nAlfred Binet & Theodore Simon (1905).\n\nHenry L. Minton, University of Windsor\n\n© 1998 Henry L. Minton\nAll rights reserved.\n\nSir Francis Galton, who pioneered the study of individual differences in the late nineteenth century, was the first to attempt to measure intelligence. Following in the tradition of British empiricism, Galton believed that intelligence was a function of sensory acuity. Thus, individuals who exhibited high degrees of sensory discrimination were assumed to be highly intelligent. Moreover, because sensory acuity reflected native endowment, individual differences in intelligence were assumed to be primarily a function of heredity. In support of his hereditarian views, Galton had argued in his 1869 book, Hereditary Genius, that high levels of intellectual achievement followed genealogical lines; that is, eminent fathers tended to have eminent sons. In 1888, Galton set up an "anthropometric laboratory" in which he used such measures of sensory discrimination as visual acuity, auditory accuracy, and breathing capacity to assess levels of intelligence. Galton's efforts were followed up in the United States by psychologist James McKeen Cattell. Cattell coined the term, "mental tests" to refer to Galtonian measures. By 1901, however, after a series of studies by Cattell and his students that showed no relationship between sensory discrimination and indices of intellectual performance (academic grades), the Galtonian approach to measuring intelligence was generally abandoned. It appeared as though the "mental testing movement" was at an end.\n\nIt was against this backdrop of Galtonian measurement that Alfred Binet began his work on intelligence scales. Binet was a leading French psychologist with diverse interests in hypnosis, thinking, and individual differences. In contrast with Galton's use of sensory discrimination, Binet had argued in the 1890s that individual differences in intelligence had to be detected through measures of such complex processes as memory, imagination, attention, comprehension, and suggestibility. In 1904, Binet was appointed by the French minister of public instruction to a commission concerned with the problem of retardation among public schoolchildren in Paris. The early twentieth century was a period of time, both in Western Europe and North America, when public education was rapidly expanding in urban centers, a reflection of the increasing effects of urbanization and industrialization. School administrators turned to social scientists for expertise in reorganizing schools for more efficient classroom management. Such issues as how to handle slow learners was thus of paramount importance to educators.\n\nIt was clear to the commission that in order to address the problems of retarded children, special education programs had to be developed. It was therefore necessary to devise a means of identifying retarded children. Binet thus set about developing a scale that could differentiate those children who were slow learners from those who were able to keep pace with the level of instruction (normal children). He collaborated with Théodore Simon, a young physician who had worked with retarded children. Binet and Simon proceeded to assemble a scale composed of measures of the kinds of higher mental processes that Binet had argued were central to the assessment of intelligence. They constructed some of the specific cognitive tests themselves but they also modified a number of tests that had been developed by two French physicians, Drs. Blin and Damaye. Binet and Simon drew samples of "normal" children and children thought to be retarded from schools, hospitals, orphanages, and
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I got 372 hits in Google. Since you asked in Education I hoped this is the one you meant. Do they want money to support it, or are they offering you one?\n\nNational Collegiate Minority Leadership Award \nNCMLA honors nationally the performance of outstanding student leaders who have achieved a 3.0 grade point average or higher and who have demonstrated high standards of dependability, citizenship, leadership, enthusiasm and support for their college community. \n\nList of 2003 winners at Dubuque College:\n\nSean Brown - Wrestling\nJillian Nieves - Women's Soccer/Softball\nDavid Pierre - Men's bsketball\nBasil Steele, Jr. - Track and Field\nGeorge Toles - Men's Basketball
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Exact criteria is asking a lot.\n\nAll I can suggest is the Wikipedia entry.
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This is completely personal opinion, but many would argue that opthalmology would be a lead candidate. Not too many emergencies. Good hours and good comp.
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Nichols College PO Box 5000 Dudley, Massachusetts 01571 (800) 470-3379 or (508) 213-1560
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Foinavon - 1967 - 100/1
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none.\n\nA Ph. D. is a brutal accomplishment.
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This looks like one you should refer to your professor or advisor.  You might try searches at\n\nhttp://www.scirus.com/srsapp/\n\nhttp://www.scienceresearch.com/search/
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http://www.visiontherapystories.org/convergence_insufficiency.html
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smart people, minorities, &  athletes\n\nPS cutiepy983 - thats a grant, not a scholorship
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A higher qualification for what? These two fellowships are of the highest quality. One is from the USA and the other from UK. Take your pick!\n\ncc