What is the Sexual System of Linnaeus?
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Linnaeus, Carolus\nLinnaeus, Carolus (1707-1778), Swedish naturalist, who developed binomial nomenclature to classify plants and animals (see Classification).\n\nLinnaeus was born into a religious family in a small town in rural Småland. His father, a minister with a passion for plants, had a large garden through which he introduced his son to botany. Linnaeus became enamoured of natural history and pursued this interest in every subsequent educational setting. In 1727 he entered the University of Lund to study medicine, largely because the training included materia medica (medical substances, largely botanical in origin). In the following year he moved to Uppsala because the university there had a better reputation in medical training. Linnaeus discovered problems in the earlier systematic arrangement for botany and began to sketch his own classification method as early as 1730.\n\nIn 1735, shortly after arriving in the Netherlands, Linnaeus published Systema Naturae, the first of several publications that presented his new taxonomic arrangement for the animal, plant, and mineral kingdoms. In 1738 he returned to Sweden, was appointed Physician to the Admiralty in 1739, and became the leading figure in the formation of the Swedish Academy of Science. In 1742 Linnaeus became Professor of Practical Medicine at Uppsala, a position he later exchanged for the chair of botany, dietetics, and materia medica. He remained in this position for the rest of his life, an arrangement that allowed him to pursue his botanical interests and his concern with classification.\n\nIn 1751 Linnaeus published Philosophia Botanica, his most influential work. In it he claimed that a natural system of classification could be derived from God’s original, immutable creation of all species. He proved the sexual reproduction of plants, providing the modern names of most of the flowering parts of plants. Linnaeus created a taxonomic scheme that relied only upon these sexual parts, using the stamen to determine the class and the pistil to determine the order. In his Species Plantarum he also introduced his binomial nomenclature to name specific plants, selecting one name for the genus and one for the species. This naming scheme replaced a scheme in which the genus name was followed by an extensive description for each species. Current naming schemes use Linnaeus’s binomial nomenclature, but classify species on the basis of their evolutionary relationships, as determined by genetics, biochemistry, and morphology.\n\nLinnaeus also made enormous contributions to animal taxonomy. Unlike his classification system for plants, however, his classification of animals used a variety of characteristics, including observations of internal anatomy. It became the system most widely accepted in the 19th century.\n\nLinnaeus’s botanical collection and library were purchased by the English physician James Edward Smith after the death of Linnaeus’s son in 1783. Smith founded the Linnean Society in London in 1788. The Society housed, and still holds, the original collection and spread Linnaeus’s ideas. The Linnaean taxonomic arrangement of species became the best-accepted classification system, particularly in the English-speaking world, by the early 19th century, but was soon replaced by more natural classifications.
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Is your question, "What is plant classificaton?"?\n\nThe answer is Taxonomy, or sometimes known as Systematics, and was popularized by Carl Linnaeus (he is considered the "Father" of plant taxonomy, though he really didn't "invent" it, he did organize the science into what it is today)\n\nIt consists of using the binomial system of naming; Genus, species (in Latin) for describing individual organisms. \n\nThe last link here will give you a site that contains a database of most of the plant species known today.
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A Man\n\nNow seriosly....\n\nSOME INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT NYMPHOMANIA:\n\nNymphomania comes from a combination of two words originally from the Greek: "nymph," meaning a bride or a maiden and "mania," meaning madness or frenzy. \nUntil fairly recently, doctors, psychologists, and sex experts might describe women who masturbated, performed oral sex, or wanted sexual intercourse in other than the missionary position as nymphomaniacs. \n\nPowerful women, such as Cleopatra, Catherine the Great, and Roman Emperor Claudius's wife, Messalina, were later called nymphomaniacs for engaging in sexual behavior no different from what men in power had always done. \n\nUntil 1987, the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual included "nymphomania" as a mental disorder. \n\nThe newest nymphomaniac is a sex addict, a recent incarnation of old concerns about too much sex. \n\nIs there a male equivalent of nymphomania? Yes, and revealingly "satyriasis" is hardly a household word. \n\nFor most of the history of Western civilization, women were thought to be innately more carnal, more sexually insatiable than men. When that notion changed, women's sexual desire was increasingly diagnosed as nymphomania. \n\nIn rape cases, the "nymphomaniac defense" means either that the plainant was driven by uncontrollable sexual desires and consented to the sex or that she was so twisted by lust that she fantasized that she'd been raped when no sexual intercourse occurred. \n\nIn a few cases in the 19th and early 20th century United States, women were treated for nymphomania by removal of the clitoris. \n\nWhat appears to be a contradiction in terms - a "frigid nymphomaniac" - was much discussed in the first half of the 20th century, and meant a woman who was insatiable because she was never sexually satisfied. \n\nSome Freudians maintained that nymphomania was really latent lesbianism, and represented women's hostile attempt to castrate men. \n\nI hope this helps.....\n\nDon
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I think you mean hermaphrodite. That is an organism (even human, but rarely) that has both male and female sex organs.
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In zoology, a hermaphrodite is an organism of a species whose members possess both male and female sexual organs during their lives. In many species, hermaphroditism is a normal part of the life-cycle. Generally, hermaphroditism occurs in the invertebrates, although it occurs in a fair \nnumber of fish, and to a lesser degree in other vertebrates.
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Though plants, including trees, sexually reproduce... they contain both sex organs. Look at flowers. Two different flowers contain both pistils and stamens. The pistil (in human equivalent, the penis) and the stamen (in human equivalent, the vagina) are included in every plant. They reproduce by releasing the "seed" through the pistil and having the wind either carry it or a bee carry it to another flower, where the stamen receives it. Hope that helps.
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In zoology, a hermaphrodite is an organism of a species whose members possess both male and female sexual organs during their lives. In many species, hermaphroditism is a normal part of the life-cycle. Generally, hermaphroditism occurs in the invertebrates, although it occurs in a fair number of fish, and to a lesser degree in other vertebrates.
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Many years ago in the 1700s Carl Linnaeus, the "Father of Botany", was collecting plants to add to his great collection. This collection was important as it helped him compare and classify the plants of the world following his new system. Like scientists everywhere, even today, he relied on colleagues (people in his field) and acquaintances and friends to help him find specimens of plants wherever they went.\n\nYou may have heard of one of Linnaeus' young friends already, Peter Kalm. Peter Kalm was the fellow who came here to North America to collect plants. The Mountain Laurel in our Schoolyard Habitat, the very State Flower of Connecticut, is named after him! Kalmia latifolia is the botanical name. Peter respected Linnaeus and worked to help him complete his great project.\n\nOn the trip that this story is about Peter was going to Russia to the great center of St Petersburg. He was going there with another supporter of Linnaeus, the baronet Sten Carl Bielke, who had family business to attend to in the city.. Bielke was, together with Linnaeus, one of the five founders of the Swedish Academy of Sciences (founded in 1739). Bielke worked very hard to arrange to have seeds and pressed plant specimens sent back to Linnaeus. Unfortunately, the circle of scientists interested in botany in St Petersburg were headed by one of Linnaeus' worst enemies, J. E. Siegesbeck, who in 1737 had written an article trashing Linnaeus' new system. When Linnaeus had read this attack on his classification system (Siegesbeck wasn't very nice about it) he was very hurt. Linnaeus had written many friendly letters to him over the years, even named a plant after him! How would you have felt?\n\nSo great were the diplomatic and persuasive powers of the baronet he actually got Siegebeck to give him some plants and seeds he wanted for Linnaeus. He had to promise to send some seeds back to St Petersburg in return though.\n\nThis is one of the pressed plants sent to Linnaeus by Bielke.\n\nLinnaeus was told he should send Siegesbeck some seeds...so he did. In fact he sent Siegesbeck seeds of the plant that had been named after him....Siegesbeckia. \nBut on the envelope he had added two more words in Latin. \nHe wrote "Cuculus ingratus", which means "the ungrateful cuckoo". \n\nIf you don't know about cuckoos I should tell you they seem unpleasant birds to most people as they lay their egg in other birds nests, they are parasites. When the one cuckoo egg hatches it pushes to their death the other chicks and eggs. The poor stupid parent birds work their wings to the bone bringing up a giant cuckoo child instead of their own kind. Do you see the connection between Linnaeus writing letters to that man, probably discussing his scientific ideas and sharing his thoughts, and the cuckoo baby eating food that was not fairly gotten?\n\nPoor baronet Bielke! How could he ever hope to get more plants and seeds from the botanists of St Petersburg now that their leader had been so insulted? He tried to get Linnaeus to be a better man and bring the feud to an end.Linnaeus instead sent more seeds to the man who had so hurt him...and this time the envelope was marked "ingratissimus cuculus", the MOST ungrateful cuckoo!\n\nAt that point, Bielke had already acquired about 600 plants. From the embarrassment Linnaeus must have caused the good baronet I should think he might have named a dozen plants after him!
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Well, if a hermaphodite is both sexes, then the opposite would naturally be something with no sex. Asexual.
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search at pubmed\nhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed\n\nif you are at a university you can also look what other databases they subscribe to. \n\nexamples:\nTitle: Swarming behavior, sexual dimorphism, and female reproductive status in the sex role-reversed dance fly species Rhamphomyia marginata \nAuthor(s): Svensson BG \nSource: JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR 10 (6): 783-804 NOV 1997 \nDocument Type: Article \nLanguage: English \n\nTitle: UNPREDICTABLE FOOD AND SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM IN INSECTS \nAuthor(s): LEIMAR O, KARLSSON B, WIKLUND C \nSource: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 258 (1352): 121-125 NOV 22 1994 \nDocument Type: Article \nLanguage: English
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http://vertigo.hsrl.rutgers.edu/sex.html
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Hormonal system \n\nmen \ninfertility \nbreast development \nshrinking of the testicles \n\nwomen \nenlargement of the clitoris \nexcessive growth of body hair \n\nboth sexes \nmale-pattern baldness \n\n\nMusculoskeletal system\n\nshort stature \ntendon rupture \n\n\nCardiovascular system\n\nheart attacks \nenlargement of the heart's left ventricle \n\n\nLiver\n\ncancer \npeliosis hepatis \n\n\nSkin\n\nacne and cysts \noily scalp \n\n\nInfection\n\nHIV/AIDS \nhepatitis \n\n\nPsychiatric effects\n\nhomicidal rage \nmania \ndelusions
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All the Botanical names are in Latin language because  name. Names created by an early botanist named Carl Von Linne-a Swede, who developed the naming process based on classifications of similarities called binomial system of nomenclature.He decided to express the names using Latin as the language. Latin was and is still a dead language because no one uses it therefore it remains constant.Plants or animals have their scientific name in Latin to reduce any regional confusions. Any scientific name remains constant whether it is said in England, Pakistan, Argentina or any other country. A Lobelia is Lobelia, no matter where it grows or how many local or regional common names might exist for it.Carl Von Linne even changed his name as Carolus Linnaeus.
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no, I don't think they arrived fully formed male/female anything.  the genders started as single cells that split off in asexual reproduction, then perhaps some hermophodite reproduction then perhaps 2 genders.  There are some worms that can fertilize themselves.
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Carl Linnaeus was classifying species... categorizing.  He is quoted speaking to this point in the article on him in Wikipedia.
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I scanned a diagram I have into the computer, I hope this helps:\n\nhttp://i74.photobucket.com/albums/i267/Miles_Tails_Prower__/Aminals007.jpg\n\nBy the way Crimedog, you are thinking of Mitosis.  Meiosis is for sexual reproduction while mitosis is the asexual reproduction of eukaryotic cells.  (yoo-ku-rO-tic - cells with membrane-bound organells)
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Carl Linne aka Linnaeus