how do plants adapt to reproduction in abscence of an aquatic environment?
117773
in the absence of an aquatic environent, some aquatic plants die, and mutated plants with special characteristics, such as seeds, live. these more "fit" plants multiply, and then you have a plant species that can adapt without an aquatic environment. \nthis is similar to (but much more complicated than) bacterial resistance to antibiotics, or crop insects resistance to insecticide.
292131
Different plants and animals have different abilities to adapt.  Plants like Kudzu and Russian Thistle adapt quickly to new environments, while certain orchids and flowering plants are very sensitive to changes.  The same holds true to animals-gorillas seem very sensitive to environmental changes, while closely related chimpanzees are much hardier.  If there is an extreme enough change, most plants and animals will die, as has happened a number of time in history-but, the dominant life on Earth, bacteria, will adapt just fine.
307408
Because motility is not the only criteria.Autotrophism is one of it.Actually all plant are motile at some stage.
882261
some plants have hook shaped fruits.. it can hook onto animals n be carried off to different places\n\nDandelion has light featherlike seeds exposed to air that can be blown off with the wind\n\nPlants near waterbodies have seeds that can float on water.. so again they can be deposited in far off places\n\nThere r various other adaptations in the links below.. check em out..
402234
They adapt to the water around them.
193970
>Reproduction occurs both sexually and by asexual budding. Sexual reproduction is by means of eggs and sperm, which are produced in the mesentaries and shed into the water. Fertilization results in a free-swimming larva, which attaches to a surface and secretes a skeleton, becoming (in colonial forms) the parent of a new colony.
734392
Depends on the plant. Some plants grow faster than others.
416340
I would have to answer that you're asking the wrong question!  \n\nThe explanation of how a plant or animal can develop asexual reproduction isn't going to help you better understand incremental changes via evolution; what you really need to understand is how a plant or animal can develop sexual reproduction. \n\nLooking at the first, microbiological life, asexual reproduction - i.e. cell division or 'budding' -  was the first and most essential form of reproduction. It took century upon century for more complex life to develop and specialize; and, for the mechanisms of sexual reproduction to develop and become established. \n\nThe change from asexual to sexual reproduction would indeed have been  massive, but it doesn't follow that it had to be sudden. When scientists look at species and evolution, they will generally say that one species was more successful at adapting to their environment than another. \n\nIt seems that the ancestors of many plants and animals developed sexual reproduction mechanisms, and they were more successful in competing with other animals for food/territory, over an extended period of time. The less successful ones died out long ago.\n\nSo - it may not be totally accurate to say, "reproduction either works or it doesn't." A better statement would be, "evolutionarily speaking, changes in species over time may cause one method of reproduction to become less successful than another."  \n\nHaving said that: there are other scientists who agree that evolution isn't always slow and gradual; they argue that sometimes evolution happens occasionally in a sudden and dramatic way, when one species splits to become new species - generally the new species are created when one population becomes separated by geographic boundaries. \n\nI'd strongly suggest reading the Wikipedia article (linked below) on Stephen Jay Gould for an evolutionary point of view which counters the slow evolution methodologies advocated by Dawkins; as well as the articple on evolution itself - which looks at the development of the understanding of evolutionary principles and their historical context.
295731
Austrailia is very dry and warm so plants adapt by not needing much water or shade
119409
(if you need this for homework, please rewrite it in a coherent way!)\nThe plants that live in xeric (=dry) environments are called xerophytes and have many adaptations that help reduce water loss. Basically these include mechanisms for 1) reducing body surface (because evaporation/transpiration is directly proportional to body surface) and 2) reinforcing their "skin" to make it less permeable.\n\nAdaptations tending to 1) include:\n- Small and thick or absent leaves, may be transformed into spines; they photosinthesize with their stems (such as cacti)\n- Short, stumpy shape; rounded stems.\n\nAdaptations tending to 2) include:\n- Leaves with multilayered epidermis and a thick waxy cover (waterproof)\n- Leaves may be covered with hairs.\n- Small stomata, situated in recessed crypts\n- Some have the stomata open only during the nighttime (CAM metabolism)
760447
How ironic; spent half the night figuring this out too... here's some of my notes\n\n•2n or not 2n: The story of the sporophyte\n\n1.gametophyte definition – “In plants, the haploid (n), gamete producing generation, which alternates with the diploid (2n) sporophyte.”\n2.sporophyte definition – “the spore producing, diploid(2n)phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternating generations.”\n3.Gametophytes and sporophytes don’t always look the same.\n4.the dominance of each differs in the phyla.\n5.With increasing complexity: the gametophyte becomes LESS dominant while the sporophyte becomes MORE dominant.\n6.In mosses, the Sporophyte is parasitic upon gametophyte. In other words, what we largely see is a photosynthetic and free living gametophyte supporting a sporophyte. \n7.However, evolution has favoured the opposite, on the whole sporophytes are large and the gametophyte small.  For example, in conifers, the gametophyte is hidden within an acorn and the sporophyte is depending on other organisms to use the acorn as food and release the gametophyte. Moreover, angiosperms have reduced gametophytes to ovules and pollen. \n\nHope this helps?
1172959
Many species of algae reproduce sexually and asexually.    Sexual reproduction in algae is often triggered by environmental stress\n\nDuring asexual reproduction, the algae first absorbs its flagellum, then the haploid cell divides mitotically up to three times, and from two to eight haploid flagellated cells called zoospores develop within the parent cell, lastly, the asexual reproductive cells break out of the parent cell, disperse, and eventually grow to full size. \n\nSexual reproduction begins by haploid cells dividing mitotically to produce either “plus” or “minus” gametes. A plus gamete and a minus gamete come into contact with one another and shed their cell walls, then they fuse and form a diploid zygote, which develops a thick protective wall; this resting stage of a zygote is called a zygospore.  A zygospore can withstand bad environmental conditions; during the bad environmental condition, the thick wall opens and the living zoospore emerges.\n\nyou can also refer following link to have more details.\n\nhttp://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb1pg8.htm\n\nHope this helps!!!
329586
For Avicennia marina, an Australian species, pollination is mostly by insects, particularly honey bees. See link for fruit. This mangrove is a so-called "viviparous" plant -- seeds germinate whilst on the tree and the seedlings fall into the water The seedling (which consists of not much more than two large cotyledons) generally floats for up to three days before embedding in soft sediment (after being stranded by the tide).
579767
ok i have 2 possible answers. one is evaporation (the part of the water cycle in which water is put back in the sky and turns into clouds. that is my #1 answer but it could be possible that it is photosythesis because of what the plants do during that process but if u still have trouble go to where i go. www.google.com
455476
A lot of the water came from the river in the first place. There is a net loss through plants, evaporation so I can't imagine why there is a problem of excess. sometimes the water is hotter so fish, plants have trouble.\nWhy if it is so clean, do plants get more river water instead of their "clean" water?
1160607
Materials, dissolved (or semi-dissolved?) in water, are moved up and down the plant through the xylem and phloem, such as the previous posts say.  An additional factor to think about is that materials and water also move about because of differences in pressure within the vessels of the plant. At the leaf surface, heat and wind are drying the water that is present.  As this water "dries out" of the plant through the stoma, it creates a vacuum within the vessel it was in.  This, in turn, pulls water up through the plant to replace itself (physics-search for pressure, STP). This whole process is called Transpiration.  Adhesion, thus capillary action, would not be sufficient enough a force to distribute water to the highest part of the plant.
374228
Sexual reproduction-Sexual dispersal in Equisetum occurs by means of spores.  Equisetum spores are green, spherical, and have thin spore walls.  Each Equisetum spore has four unique strap-like structures called elaters attached to the spore surface at a common point.  These elaters are hygroscopic (i.e. they expand and contract with changes in humidity) and probably function to help disperse the spores.Equisetum spores are short-lived and can germinate within 24 hours of release from the cone.  After 5-17 days, depending on humidity, they are no longer capable of germination .In nontropical species (the majority of Equisetum ), the spores are produced over a short period of time during the growing season .Equisetum gametophytes appear to require a substrate of recently exposed bare mud in order to become established .Like pioneer species, they rapidly attain sexual maturity and are adversely affected by competition from bryophytes and vascular plants .The resulting inefficiency of spore germination and gametophyte reproduction in non-pioneer situations probably limits gene flow and leads the high degree of genetic divergence found between Equisetum populations. Therefore, sexual reproduction in Equisetum is limited to rather narrow ecological conditions and this limits the dispersal ability of Equisetum via spores.\n\nAsexual Reoroduction-Equisetum species have a remarkable ability to reproduce vegetatively.  This helps to compensate for the inefficiency of spore reproduction.  An extensive rhizome system allows Equisetum species to rapidly colonize disturbed areas .This ability gives Equisetum a distinct advantage over species requiring seed establishment or which have slow-growing rhizomes .For instance, the widespread creation of roadside ditches in America has created significant new habitat for some Equisetum species.  This is because the soil in ditch habitats tends to be moist and the rhizomatous growth of Equisetum species allows them to survive and thrive under the conditions of sediment accumulation that are characteristic of ditches .The ability of Equisetum to survive and spread in areas of heavy sediment accumulation was dramatically demonstrated after the 1912 eruption of Katmai Volcano in Alaska.  In studies of vegetational recovery from the volcanic tephra (ash and silt) deposited by this eruption, E. arvense was found to be the most successful herb.  It was able to penetrate as much as one meter of tephra, more than any other herbaceous species, and colonize large areas via rapid rhizomatous growth The remarkable ability of Equisetum to prosper under disturbed conditions was also demonstrated after the eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 when Equisetum formed almost monotypic stands in the newly deposited tephra .The deep rhizome system of Equisetum also allows these plants to survive fire and rapidly recolonize burned-over sites .It is probable that the vigorous and extensive rhizomatous habit of Equisetum has been very important to the long term survival and spread of the genus .\n\nVegetative reproduction - Fragmentation of rhizomes and stems allows Equisetum to disperse readily in suitable habitats where there is sufficient moisture.  Even the aerial stem fragments can sprout and form new colonies .Hence, vegetative reproduction allows Equisetum clones to persist and spread even in the absence of sexual reproduction .\nVegetative reproduction probably accounts for the widespread occurrence and persistence of common Equisetum hybrids even where one or both of the parents are absent .  This is because hybrids are generally sterile and hence are without means of sexual reproduction.  The rhizome system of a vigorous hybrid clone theoretically has the ability to maintain dense colonies within limited areas for long periods.  Fragmentation and transport of rhizomes and stems then has the potential to disperse the clone from the site of the original hybridization .  This would account for the abundance of Equis