why does pyruvate kinase catalyze glycolysis?
103696
It is more of a regulator enzyme than a catalyst. When there is a high concentration of ATP, the production of pyruvate is low, hence the slowing down of glycolysis (no more energy is needed).
917473
It is the initial process of most carbohydrate catabolism, and it serves three principal functions:\nThe generation of high-energy molecules (ATP and NADH) as cellular energy sources as part of anaerobic respiration.\nProduction of pyruvate for the citric acid cycle as part of aerobic respiration.\nThe production of a variety of six- and three-carbon intermediate compounds, which may be removed at various steps in the process for other cellular purposes.\nAs the foundation of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, glycolysis is one of the most universal metabolic processes known and occurs (with variations) in many types of cells in nearly all organisms. Glycolysis, through anaerobic respiration, is the main energy source in many prokaryotes, eukaryotic cells devoid of mitochondria (e.g. mature erythrocytes) and eukaryotic cells under low oxygen conditions (e.g. heavily exercising muscle or fermenting yeast).
874260
glycolysis-occur in the cytoplasm\nelectron transport chain-occur in the mitochondria\nkrebs cycle-occur in the mitochondria.\nif you consider mitochondria as part of the cytoplasm then all of the above..\nbut if not then it will be (a)
180005
Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate.  It occurs in the cytosol of the cell.  There are 10 enzyme-catalyzed steps, in which 2 net molecules of ATP are produced.
983361
A hexokinase is an enzyme that phosphorylates any six-carbon sugar, a hexose, to a hexose phosphate. In most tissues and organisms, glucose is the most important substrate of hexokinases, and glucose-6-phosphate the most important product. Hexokinases have been found in every organism , ranging from bacteria, yeast, and plants to humans and other vertebrates. They are categorized as actin fold proteins, sharing a common ATP binding site core surrounded by more variable sequences that determine substrate affinities and other properties.\nPhosphorylation of a hexose such as glucose often commits it to a limited number of intracellular metabolic processes (such as glycolysis or glycogen synthesis). Phosphorylation also makes it unable to move or be transported out of the cell.
819007
go to this website   http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/cellrespiration/glycolysis/summary.html
46682
Pyruvate is reduced to lactate, and NADH is oxidized to NAD+. This usually happens when oxygen is scarce. The lactate can later be converted back to pyruvate in the liver.
910685
The pathway of glycolysis can be seen as consisting of 2 separate phases. The first is the chemical priming phase requiring energy in the form of ATP, and the second is considered the energy-yielding phase. In the first phase, 2 equivalents of ATP are used to convert glucose to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6BP). In the second phase F1,6BP is degraded to pyruvate, with the production of 4 equivalents of ATP and 2 equivalents of NADH.
901337
After glycolysis is finished 2 molecules of acetic acid are "loaded" into Kreb's on the enzyme Acetyl Co-A.  Co-A then returns to glycolysis in the cytoplasm to get more acetic acid.\n\nMean time the acetic acid adds to oxaloacetice acid (A 4 carbon structure) and gives a 6 carbon structure called citric acid. (2+4=6).\n\nThen CO2 and NADH2 is formed and we drop down to a 5 carbon structure called alpha ketgluteric acid and then lose CO2 and NADH2.  We also have created enough energy at this point to form an ATP and a low energy "hydrogen bus" FADH2.\n\nWhich brings us back to the 4 carbon structure oxaloaceitic acid, and we start all over again. \n\nThe purpose of Kreb's is to load what I call hydrogen busses (NADH2) because they are what unload electrons in the electron transport system which gives us a huge amount of ATP's (34).\n\nHope this helps.
735053
You can have anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration. The ultimate result is ATP. Anaerobic is done without oxygen (fermentation) and aerobic is done with oxygen,\n\nit starts with glycolosis which takes place in the cytoplasm. Glucose is turned into two pyruvates through a 10 reaction process meditated my enzymes. you produce one ATP and one NADH\n\nthen the pyruvates go into Krebs Cycle or the TriCarboxylic Acid Cycle and goes into the mitochondria. The pyruvate must be converted to acetyl Coenzyme A. then the acetyl Co A enters Krebs and continuously generates Oxaloacetate among other enery-rich compounds such as ATP, NADH and FADH2 with CO2\n\nthen final process is in the electron transport chain which takes place in the inner membrane if the mitochondria. In this process lots of H+ is pumped out of the membrane, which means that H+ is accumalated outside the inner matrix. then the concentration gradient causes a sudden influx of H+ back into the inner membrane which creates "proton-motive force" which zaps ADP+Pi= ATP. \n\nthe end result is 38 ATP for regular cells or 36 ATP for muscles and brain cells.\n\nOXYGEN IS REQUIRED!!! \n\nhope that helps\n\n*oh and ATP is a form of energy for the cell...
747573
It is metabolism of the glucose energy by Reduction-Oxidisation (RedOx) reactions to be used in the electron transfer chain to produce Adeonsie Triphosphate (ATP) which is the basic energy unit that is used in cells.
845828
Here you go...\n\nhttp://home.planet.nl/~skok/techniques/laboratory/pka_pkb.html
846611
it`s very long. I`ll give u a simple explanation!\n\nfirst; glycolisis.\nthe suger is broken into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid\n\nsecond;\nthe pyruvic acid is changed into acethyl co-A\n\nthird; the krebs cycle\nthe acethyl co-A is reacted with oxaloacetate acids, and during the cycle CO2 is released, and those compound returned back in oxaloacetat acids\n\nfourth; electron chain systems
698351
Phosphoglycerate mutase catalyzes the migration of a phosphoryl group from the C-3 position of 3-phosphoglycerate to the C-2 position. This glycolytic enzyme is a tetramer with four identical subunits.♥ \n\nCheck out this link for more:\nhttp://www.chem.uwec.edu/Modeling/GGProteinStructures/Pages/prs3b11.htm
777622
Fermentation or anaerobic respiration talks place in the absence of oxygen or it do not use oxygen\nIn plants and animals the glycolysis is the break down of glucose molecule int o two pyruvic acid molecules \nThe pyruvic acid inthepresence of oxygen undergoes Krebs cycle or complete oxidation to produce co2\nBut in the absence of oxygen, the pyruvic acids partially oxidizes in to ethyle alcohol or lactic acid.The process is done Ianthe absence of oxygen so it is called anaerobic respiration\nWhile we exercise vigorously we get muscle cramps.Here the muscle cells do respire  but do not use oxygen.so they  accumulate lactic acid which gives us pain in body parts
220549
ATP from the Krebs Cycle making the proton gradient in the electron transport chain
920961
Step 1 - ATP is invested by adding a P to glucose\n          Step 2 - Glucose-6-P is convertedinto Fructose-6-P\nStep 3 - A second ATP is invested \nStep 4 - The 6 carbon molecule issplit into two three carbon molecules.\nStep 4.5 - Dihydroxyacetone -P is converted into 3-P-glyceraldehyde\nStep 6 - every subsequent step occurs 2xNADH is produced as another P is added\nStep 7 - (2) ATP is recovered\nStep 8 - The P is moved from the 3-carbon to the 2-carbon\nStep 9 - A structural change is made\nStep 10 - (2) ATP is recovered\nStep 11 - NADH is produced anda CO2 is produced\n2 pyruvate are made from the process