what is Marquis Reaction mean?
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Reaction between 'Marquis Reagant' and ecstasy-like substances.\nMarquis can identify whether a substance does not contain the presence of ecstasy-like substances (MDMA, MDA, MDE) through lack of reaction.\nMarquis' primary use is as a field test for the presence of amphetamine and opiates.
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Grignard Synthesis of Benzoic Acid\n\n\nPreparation:  McMurry, sections 10.8 and 20.6.\n\nConversion of an organic halide into a Grignard reagent completely transforms the reactive character of the organic compound. Carbon bears partial positive charge when bonded to halogen but partial negative charge when the carbon is bonded to magnesium. The Grignard reagent is a very reactive nucleophile and base. \n\nIn this experiment you will make the Grignard reagent phenyl magnesium bromide; this reagent will then be treated with carbon dioxide to form benzoic acid. The sequence (Equation I) is explained in McMurry Sect 20.6.\n\n\nAs in any work, this experiment may not succeed the first time; be prepared to repeat it from the beginning. On the second try, you should be able to work much more efficiently and with more understanding. \n\n\nProcedure: Obtain a 150 mm piece of magnesium ribbon. Hold one end with forceps and with the other hand remove the residue on the ribbon by scraping it with a spatula, scissors or pliers to obtain a shiny surface. Cut at least 0.12 g of the shiny ribbon into 2-3 mm pieces (do not handle the pieces) and place on a folded piece of paper to obtain the mass on the balance. Transfer the magnesium pieces to the 5 mL conical vial, add the dry spin vane, add one small crystal of iodine and add 300 µL (0.3 mL) of anhydrous ether. Be prepared to add more ether as necessary to maintain the liquid level at a minimum of 300 µL.\n\nAssemble the rest of the apparatus as in Mayo, et al., Fig 3.24. Clamp the apparatus firmly to a stand.\n\nIn the hood, prepare a solution of 510 µL of bromobenzene in 700 µL of anhydrous ether in the 3 mL vial using the delivery pipettes provided. Cap this vial with a polyethylene top. \n\n(*Note:  Be certain the dry ice is ready before you initiate the reaction below.)\n\nDraw half of the bromobenzene solution into the syringe and insert the needle through the polyethylene cap in the Claisen head as in the figure. While stirring the mixture below, add 6-8 drops of the bromobenzene solution. Evidence of reaction is the formation of tiny bubbles. When the reaction has started, add the remainder of the bromobenzene solution slowly over 3-5 min. The temperature should be maintained at about 40 oC to allow gentle refluxing (Mayo, et al., p. 29) of the ether. To the 3 mL vial add an extra 300 µL of ether, then transfer this to the reaction via the syringe. Adjust the total volume to 3 mL with the addition of more anhydrous ether. Reflux the mixture for 10 minutes, then allow the gray-brown solution of the Grignard reagent to cool to room temperature. What do you observe?\n\nThe Dry Ice (at least 1.0 g) is added in small chunks to the Grignard solution. Note the reaction as this is added. To convert the C6H5C(=O)-OMgBr, to benzoic acid (last step, Equation I), use a pipet to VERY SLOWLY add 1 mL of 6 N HCl and again observe the result. Test the aqueous layer with pH paper; it should be acidic. Remove the ether by gently heating the vial for 5 minutes on the steam bath. Cap the vial, mark it and set it in your drawer until the next laboratory period. \n\nPreparation for the 2nd laboratory period:  The benzoic acid has been synthesized, but it must be purified. Water soluble magnesium salts are removed by extracting away the water layer; but, a number of organic side products remain with the benzoic acid.  These are side products of the Grignard reaction; small amounts of benzene are formed (Equation II), unreacted bromobenzene remains, and biphenyl, H5C6-C6H5, is formed from the reaction (Equation III). \n\nThe benzoic acid can be isolated from this mixture by taking advantage of its property as an acid. Only it can dissolve in aqueous NaOH (Equation IV) while the side products remain in the ether. After the ether-soluble side products have been removed, strong acid is again added to reverse this reaction in order to restore the benzoic acid.\n\nRecrystallization of the crude product in
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Probably you are having a reaction to some chemical or preservative used in making it.
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What are you asking about these reactions?
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The reaction may involve the formation free radicals (unstable) as intermediates but reacts with other free radicals and form stable products.
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Its very good question...\nthe anserw as per the kinetics is "entropy will decrease". because the number of molecules before binding (target + Drug) =2 but after binding the number of mlecules will be one. (entire system)\nSo entropy change will be negative means that it will decrease...\nAs per gibbs free energy the reaction should not be spontaneous...\nBut  in reality the drug binding to the target binding site is favorable reaction.. means spontaneous... this is because, the extra stability attained by new formed system and enthalpy factors will drive the reaction spontaneously.\n\nIs it good enogh explanation to you?
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Well, there are a lot.\n\nSubstiution:\n\nR-OH + SOCl2 ---> R-Cl\n\nElimination\n        \nR-R'-OH ---->  R=R' + H20 (with an acid catalyst and heat)\n\nReduction:\n\nR-OH ---> R-CH3 (Barton Reduction)\n\nOxidation:\n\nR-OH ---> R-COOH\nR-OH ---> R=O\n\nThen alcohols can act as nucleophiles, so there is a another set of reactions. But I've listened enough, imho.
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you can find it in most college organic chemistry textbooks. A couple of my favorites are McMurry or Solomons.\nGrignard reagents are also called organometallic compounds where you take an organic compound(usually an alkyl halide) and react it with a metal, most of the time we use magnesium.\nso for example you could combine bromobenzene reacts with magnesium metal(using an organic solvent like ether) to produce phenylmagnesium bromide.\nfor more look at those textbooks. you'll find lots more.
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TO CAUSE THE CHANGE CHEMICAL REACTION
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Concerted reactions  happen all at one, they have no intermediates.  Non-concerted reaction take more than one step and therefore have intermediates
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A) an oxidation reaction\n\nthat's why they are called redox
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It is a decomposition reaction that is taking place under the action of bacteria.
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substitution reaction: a reaction in which one atom replaces another in a molecule\nIn organic chemistry, the electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution reactions are of prime importance. Organic substitution reactions are classified in several main organic reaction types depending on whether the reagent that brings about the substitution is considered an electrophile or a nucleophile, whether a reactive intermediate involved in the reaction is a carbocation, a carbanion or a free radical or whether the substrate is aliphatic or aromatic. Detailed understanding of a reaction type helps to predict the product outcome in a reaction. It also is helpful for optimizing a reaction with regard to variables such as temperature and choice of solvent.\n\n\nNucleophilic substitutions\nA nucleophile reacts with an aliphatic substrate in a nucleophilic aliphatic Substitution reaction. \nWhen the substrate is an aromatic compound the reaction type is nucleophilic aromatic substitution. \ncarboxylic acid derivatives react with nucleophiles in nucleophilic acyl substitution. \n\n Electrophilic substitutions\nElectrophiles are involved in electrophilic substitution reactions and particularly in electrophilic aromatic substitutions. \nElectrophilic reactions to other unsaturated compounds than arenes generally lead to electrophilic addition rather than substitution. \n\nDouble displacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which parts of two reacting structures swap places; i.e. a reaction of the type:\n\nAB + CD → AD + CB \nwhere A, B, C and D represent molecules or groups of molecules. The exchange can be thought of as "switching dance partners".\n\nUnlike single displacement reactions, which are always redox, double displacement reactions never feature a redox process.
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I believe it was catalase.  It comes from the term to catalyse which means to speed up or destroy.  Calalyses are not used up in chemical reactions just like enzymes.
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Cr is the concentration of the species, the r (which I assume is subscripted) stands for it being the reduced form, it has no numerical value and is done to better describe the nature of the species.  Co is used for the reverse step of the reaction.
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If heat has been added to an element, it may make a chemical reaction.  If some object's physical properties due to heat or cooling, a chemical reaction may have occurred.  For example, a fire burning wood creates a chemical reaction in the wood.
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the other product is zinc chloride.\nand the reaction is single replacement.