Who Discovered ‘Ampicillin’?
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Selman Waksman with Schatz as co-discoverer per judge ruling
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Watson and Crick discovered it while researching "genetic material." For further information, check this site.
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The earliest evidence of nucleic acids was 1869, when Friedreich Meischer isolated the phosphate-containing acid from a cell nucleus.\n\nIn the 1930s/40s, Edwin Chargaff discovered the A-T, C-G pairings\nand finally in 40s/50s Rosalind Franklin identified the helix structure.
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Alexander Fleming.  Folklore has it that he was a lazy scientist who failed to clean/wash his Petrie dishes.  On his return from a weekend, he found that a mould had formed on some of the dishes and that it had killed the germs close to it.   Thus, penicillin was discovered.
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This extended quote from The University of the Philippines Medical Alumni Society in America should help you isearches. It include your three.\n\nFirst I would like to introduce you to an unknown doctor, a hero who saved  the lives of many. \n\n"The Filipino doctor who co-created the drug Erythromycin (Ilosone®) from Iloilo soil was Abelardo Aguilar.  Note:  In 1949, Filipino scientist Dr. Abelardo Aguilar sent his employer, Eli Lilly Co., samples of  an antibiotic isolated from a soil that Aguilar collected in his home province of Iloilo, in central Philippines.  Three years later, Eli Lilly sent a congratulatory letter to Aguilar promising to name the antibiotic “Ilosone” in honor of Iloilo province where the soil was originally collected.  It was the first successful macrolide antibiotic introduced in the US in 1952. Its broad antimicrobial spectrum gave alternatives to patients showing allergic reactions to penicillin at that time. \n\nThe drug erythromycin, sold under the brand name Ilosone, has earned Eli Lilly billions of dollars, but neither Aguilar nor the Philippine government received any royalty.  In 1993, Aguilar died after spending 40 years to be recognized and rewarded, but to no avail. \n\nOR this quote:\n "Dr. Antonio Mateo made the double-flaring tool (DFT) for plumbing installation for airtight sealing of joints. He was awarded the WIPO Gold Medal in Geneva, Switzerland in 1994.  His company AMECOS also markets the fire blanket, a Filipino innovation that saves lives and properties in case of fire. "\n\nOR \n"Rodolfo Arambulo of Laguna, Philippines, developed Multishock, a bullet type that increases the firepower and stopping power of an ordinary gun with multiple hits in a single shot. It is considered as the first of its kind in the world."\n\nOR\n"Engr. Leonardo Gasendo of Manila made the super windmill as well as the salt evaporator. "\n\nGood luck and remember to look up "Philippine Search engines"  and then run  through them with your querry.
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He was a chemist who discovered guncotton and ozone.  I'm sure Wiki would have an entry on him, and maybe some actual refrences
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Oxygen was first discovered by Michał Sędziwój, Polish alchemist and philosopher in late 16th century. Sędziwój assumed the existence of oxygen by warming nitre (saltpeter). He thought of the gas given off as "the elixir of life".\n\nOxygen was again discovered by the Swedish pharmacist Carl Wilhelm Scheele sometime before 1773, but the discovery was not published until after the independent discovery by Joseph Priestley on August 1, 1774, who called the gas dephlogisticated air (see phlogiston theory). Priestley published his discoveries in 1775 and Scheele in 1777; consequently Priestley is usually given the credit. It was named by Antoine Laurent Lavoisier after Priestley's publication in 1775.
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Pasteur, he was a virologist who not only invented pastuerization but discovered many things about bacteria that are still in use today.  Google him.
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The first person I thought of was Gregor Mendel, but everyone already pretty much knew that plants were alive already, he just showed that they have genetics.
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The acetyl salicylic acid undergoes ester hydrolysis on long term standing to produce acetic acid (vinegar) and salicylic acid.  The problem was that salicylic acid was tough on stomachs and a means of 'buffering' the compound was searched for. The first person to do so was a French chemist named Charles Frederic Gerhardt. In 1853, Gerhardt neutralized salicylic acid by buffering it with sodium (sodium salicylate) and acetyl chloride, creating acetylsalicylic acid. Gerhardt's product worked but he had no desire to market it and abandoned his discovery. \n\nIn 1899, a German chemist named Felix Hoffmann, who worked for a German company called Bayer, rediscovered Gerhardt's formula. Felix Hoffmann made some of the formula and gave it to his father who was suffering from the pain of arthritis. With good results, Felix Hoffmann then convinced Bayer to market the new wonder drug. Aspirin was patented on March 6, 1889. \n\nThe folks at Bayer came up with the name Aspirin, it comes from the 'A" in acetyl chloride, the "spir" in spiraea ulmaria (the plant they derived the salicylic acid from) and the 'in' was a then familiar name ending for medicines. \n\nAspirin was first sold as a powder. In 1915, the first Aspirin tablets were made. Interestingly, Aspirin ® and Heroin ® were once trademarks belonging to Bayer. After Germany lost World War I, Bayer was forced to give up both trademarks as part of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.
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Chirality was first observed (wittingly) by Louis Pasteur in 1848 when he isolated (L)-tartaric acid; the mixture of equal parts \n(D)-tartaric acid and (L)-tartaric acid was called 'racemic acid' because it was first derived from grapes ('racemus' means 'bunch of grapes' in Latin); hence the chemical term 'racemic,' describing a mixture of two enantiomers.\n     \nUrea (a.k.a. carbamide) was the first organic compound ever synthesized from inorganic reactants.  The German chemist Friedrich Wöhler was trying to make 'ammonium cyanate' in 1828 when he mixed silver cyanate and ammonium chloride; he dicovered that ammonium cyanate and urea are actually two names for the same molecule.  The molecular formula is CO(NH2)2 (the 2 should be subsctripted in both instances).
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Cephalosporins are more advanced medicines than penicillin.\ntrue.\n Penicillin is the result of using a fungus called penicilllium, because Alexander Fleming found out that this fungus killed germs and bacteria.true.\n\nCephalosporins are derivatives of the penicillin structure.they are of the same class, but have different spectrum of action- they kill different classes of bacteria\nthey have many classes.
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Alexander Fleming in 1928 invented Pencillin.  It was a chance discovery.  He was doing some experimenting with Staphylococcus bacteria. He accidently left his culture plate smeared with the bacteria over the weekend. when he came back he found the plate contaminated.  When he looked closely he noticed that the bacteria was destroyed where the plate was infected.  Later he found out the mold(which infected the plate) to be Pencillium Notatum.  The following sites has more information, please read
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The nucleolus suborganelle was originally discovered in eels by the Italian scientist Felice Fontana in 1774. He was able to see the large, darkly stained nucleolus under a simple light microscope. However, its function wasn't discovered until two centuries later.
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Joseph Priestley, a chemist and minister, discovered that when he isolated a volume of air under an inverted jar, and burned a candle in it, the candle would burn out very quickly, much before it ran out of wax. He further discovered that a mouse could similarly "injure" air. He then showed that the air that had been "injured" by the candle and the mouse could be restored by a plant. In 1778, Jan Ingenhousz, court physician to the Austrian Empress, repeated Priestley's experiments. He discovered that it was the influence of sun and light on the plant that could cause it to rescue a mouse in a matter of hours. In 1796, Jean Senebier, a French pastor, showed that CO2 was the "fixed" or "injured" air and that it was taken up by plants in photosynthesis. Soon afterwards, Theodore de Saussure showed that the increase in mass of the plant as it grows could not be due only to uptake of CO2, but also to the incorporation of water.
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Johann Wolfgang!\n\nHe discovered furfural, worked on the use of platinum as a catalyst, and invented a lighter, known as Döbereiner's Lamp.\n\n:)
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Walter Sickert\n\nI recommend the below book, very informative and interesting.