leaf anatomy of eucalyptus?
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Your Ph.D guide will be able to help you out. I am sure you will be able to understand the botanical terminology in the following text.\nThere are hundreds of species of Eucalyptus growing world wide mostly located in xeric conditions. The gross anatomical features include the following:\n      1) Cuticularised epidermis, with some times sunken stomata. Multiple epidermis can also be found in some cases.\n      2) Well developed palisade with plenty of chloroplasts.\n      3) Well developed mechanical tissue.\n      4) Presence of oil glands.\nAll these features are ecological adaptations to the dry habitat. \nYour university will be in position to tell you about the previous work done on the subject. A good library will give you the books. Go for ‘Ecological anatomy of dicotyledonous plants‘ or ‘Anatomy of Dicotyledonous Plants‘.
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On the lower surface of leaves are tiny pores called STOMATA.\nAround the edge of these pores are guard cells.\nThe guard cells can change shape to open or close the pores.\nThis allows or prevents water loss.\n\nLook up STOMATA.\nYou could also try this excellent website:
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1. A- mosses- basic, no vascular tissue, reproduction requiires water\nB- Ferns- vascular tissue present\nC- gymnosperms- seeds\nD- angiosperms- flowers and fruits\n\n2. Monocots have one cotyledon, dicots have 2\n\n3. cotyledons are the first leaves that sprout out of the seed, they contain nutrients for hte seed\n\n4. male- stamen, female- pistil\nSeed- sporophyte, fruit- ovary\n\n5. Photosynthesis is the making sugar/energy from CO2 and light\nTakes place in the stem and leaves (wherever green).  or more specifically, in the chloroplasts, in the stroma and thylakoid membrane\n\n6. Vascular tissue are a transport system, carrying water, minerals and sugar up to all parts of the tree\nAdvantages- grow bigger, compare mosses and trees\n\n7. tropism is the plants tendency to grow\nPhototropism- grow towards light.  light slows down cell elongation in stem that it hits, opposite side grows faster\nGravitropism- roots grow downward.  heavy molecules sink, thus coordinating top cells to elongate
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Primary Growth: Apical meristem is responsible for primary root and stem growth in vascular plants.\n \nPrimary Root Growth: is concentrated near the tip and results in the root growing in length. The root tip contains 4 zones of development: The root cap, which protects the area behind it and softens the soil ahead of it by producing a polysaccharide. The apical meristem, is an area of rapidly dividing cells. It will replace the cells of the root cap as they wear away and push cells above them that will develop into the main tissues of the plant. The zone of elongation, is an area where the cells elongate 10 times their original length. This elongation helps push the root into the soil. The zone of maturation, is the area farthest from the root tip. Here the new cells will specialize and carry out the functions of the epidermal, ground, and vascular tissue. The primary tissues in a dicot root are arranges in a central x pattern for the xylem with the phloem located in each of the angles of the xylem. In a monocot the vascular tissues are alternated in a circle.\nPrimary Stem Growth: begins at the tip of the terminal bud in the area called the apical meristem. The cell divisions are responsible for the stem's growth in length. The primary vascular tissue in monocots takes on a scattered arrangement. In a dicot, it takes a circular pattern.\n \nSecondary Growth: Increases the girth of a stem it is caused by the vascular and cork cambium.\n \nVascular Cambium: meristematic parenchyma produces xylem on the inside and phloem on its outer side. The secondary xylem accumulates and forms the wood. The secondary phloem does not accumulate and is sloughed off with the bark.\nCork Cambium: forms in the outer cortex. Produces cork and epidermal tissues.\nWood has 2 zones: Heartwood- the older (inner) layers of xylem blocked with resins. It is non -functional in water transport. Sap wood- outer xylem, vascular cambium, phloem and cork cambium. Conducts water and food.
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Square, with its cell wall?\n\nIt's been a while since undergrad basic biology:-)
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Koala's To Do List:\n\n1) Eat eucalyptus leaves.\n2) Look cute.
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I will split your question in to two parts viz. 1) Photosynthesis and 2) Stomata; so that you can easily understand it.\n 1) PHOTOSYNTHESIS-: for this function entire middle portion of a leaf contributes, it is called MESOPHYLL in botanical language.(Meso = middle or in between; Phyll = refers to leaf). It is located in between the upper and the lower skin or the epidermis of a leaf (Plural epidermes).\n In most of the leaves the MESOPHYLL is again distinguished it to Upper PALISDE tissue and the Lower SPONGY LAYER.\n Both of them are full of chloroplast and do the function of photosynthesis; but there is a difference.\n The palisade cells are located near the upper epidermis,they are elongated,test tube like in appearence and are placed at right angle to the upper epidermis like upright test tubes.( try to see the meaning of palisade in a good dictionary, it is interesting.). These palisade cells are very closely packed with very little space in between and each of them is literally packed with chloroplasts. That is why a leaf appears greener on its upper surface.Thus, they are ideally located to receive maximum sun light and do maximum photosynthesis.\n\nThe Spongy layer , on the other hand , is located near the lower epidermis of a leaf. The cells are spherical or potato shaped and with lots of intercellular spaces between them. Each cell of this layer contains (comparitively) less or far less number of chloroplasts than the palisade of the same leaf.That is why the same leaf appears pale green on its lower surface.\n This Spongy layer does the function of photosynthesis no doubt ; but it is less in quantity than that of Palisade of the same leaf. This is because it is located rather away from the light source and its main function is to help the leaf in gaseous exchange, that is why there are so many intercellular spaces.( here Photosynthesis is over)... \n\n2) STOMATA (singular stoma) -: These breathing pores are neither IN the palisade layer nor IN the spongy layer. They are a PART of the the two epidermes( upper and lower ).\n If one compares the quantity and the distribution of these stomata of one and the same leaf then they are more on the lower epidermis to help the spongy tissue in gaseous exchange during photosynthesis/respiration.\n On the upper epidermis they are far less in number to reduce or prevent exessive water loss due to transpiration.\nIn many desert plants they are either totally absent from the upper epidermis or located in sunken pits for the same reason.\nI hope you got what you sought. Bye.
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Most of the conifers have a huge number of leaves. The leaves are small and needle shaped or scale like so a large number can be packed by nature in a small space.Example are \nPines,Cedars,Junipers and Xmas tree.
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Here's one from Biodidac (great site for illustrations):\nhttp://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/Thumbnails/showimage.cfm?File_name=Aves065b&File_type=gif
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all plant life have rectangle shaped cells
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The attached link has a picture for you;\n\n\n\nhttp://collections.ic.gc.ca/gardens/New%20Bio%20Web%20Pix/OPTIMIZED%20BIO%20PLANT%20PARTS/Monocot.jpg
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Monocots= M    vs Dicots = D\nShort and sweet!!!!!\n\nM: Stems have scattered bundles in cross-section\nM: Veins are parallel in the leaf\nM: Flower parts in 3 or multiples of three\nM: Seeds have one seed leaf in development\nM. Roots are usually longer (deeper/tap like) and less branchy\n\nD: Stems have a circular bundle arrangement in XS\nD: Veins are netted in the leaf\nD: Flower parts are in 4's and 5's or their multiples\nD: Seeds have two seed leaves in development\nD; Roots are usually more branchy and spread out.
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Four different leaf shapes can be found on one sassafras tree: three lobed, elliptical, two lobed/right side, and two lobed/left side. The deciduous leaves can grow up to six inches by four inches, and the tree itself may grow up to about 30 feet on Assateague, and even up to 60 feet elsewhere. In the spring, small yellowish green flowers develop with the leaves; oval-shaped, blue fruits of less than half an inch follow.
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Answers provided so far a basically correct except they have the primary functions of xylem and phloem reversed. See links below.
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Quite simple really, the larger, broader and thin walled  the leaf the more evaporation, hot dry climate = small, thin or thick walled leaves, damp = large, broad, thin walled leaves.\n\nSort it from there, that's as much help as I'm willing to give as I refuse to do all your work for you.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primula_vulgaris\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oenothera
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http://images.google.com/images?svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=ISO-8859-1&q=monocot+stem