what is the history of protractor and who is the inventor of it?
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The first complex protractor was created for plotting the position of a boat on  navigational charts. Called a three-arm protractor or station pointer, it was invented in 1801, by Joseph Huddart, a U.S. naval captain. The center arm is fixed, while the outer two are rotatable, capable of being set at any angle relative to the center one.
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Moissan was the first to *isolate* fluorine, no small feat - but the first person to identify it as a chemically-unique element (though in combination) was Scheele in 1771.
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The invention of the compass changed the world. With this revolutionary device, sailors were able to navigate more accurately. Oceans were crossed, and new lands were discovered. Even with today's technological innovations, travelers still depend on compasses to lead them in the right direction.\n\nWho Invented the Compass?\n\nLegend has it that the original compass can be traced back to the ancient Chinese. The first known use of a compass occurred in the fourth century B.C. It was used in Feng Shui, the Taoist method of environment organization. Chinese fortunetellers used lodestones, a mineral composed of an iron oxide that aligns itself in a north-south direction, to construct their fortune telling boards. The Chinese eventually noticed that the lodestones were consistent at pointing out actual directions, leading to the first compasses. They designed the compass on a square slab with markings for the cardinal points and the constellations. The pointing needle was a lodestone spoon-shaped device, with a handle that would always point south.\n\nThe first written mention of the compass was by a Chinese mathematician in about 1050. Shen Kua wrote about the use of a navigational instrument with a magnetized iron needle. The first recorded instance of European compass use occurred in 1190. Very little was understood, though, about how the compass worked. Superstitions abounded, including sea captains believing that if the crew ate onions it would impact the device. In the centuries that follow, historical references of compass use increases. Arabian and Viking explorers are described using the device to navigate across many miles of water in the early and mid-1200s.
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Near East, about 100 BC, it is believed from archaeological finds - ceramic vessels with metal rods, thought to have contained saline solutions.\n\nModern use of batteries was introduced by Galvani around 1790.\n\nThe principle is the same as for modern batteries: connected galvanic half-cells. The use seems to have been for electrolytic coating.
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The invention of the incandescent light bulb has a history spanning from the early 1800s. Until that time, available light sources consisted of candles, oil lanterns, and gas lamps. \n\nIn 1809, an English chemist, Humphrey Davy, started the journey to the invention of a practical incandescent light source. He used a high power battery to induce current between two charcoal strips. The current flowing through the two charcoal strips produced an intense incandescent light, creating the first arc lamp. \n\nIn 1820, Warren De la Rue made the first known attempt to produce an incandescent light bulb. He enclosed a platinum coil in an evacuated tube and passed an electric current through it. The design was based on the concept that the high melting point of platinum would allow it to operate at high temperatures and that the evacuated chamber would contain less gas particles to react with the platinum, improving its longevity. Although it was an efficient design, the cost of the platinum made it impractical for commercial use.\n\nThe invention of the light bulb is usually attributed in Britain to Joseph Wilson Swan and in the United States to Thomas Alva Edison(and his asstant Timothy) (the first to market the device successfully). Alexander Nikolayevich Lodygin independently developed an incandescent light bulb in 1874. Many others also had a hand in the development of a practical device for the production of electric light.
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Batteries consist of electrochemical devices such as one or more galvanic cells, fuel cells or flow cells. The earliest known artifacts that may have been batteries are the Baghdad Batteries, from some time between 250 BCE and 640 CE. The modern development of batteries started with the Voltaic pile developed by the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta in 1800. The worldwide battery industry generates US$48 billion in sales annually
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Lewis Waterman in 1884\nhttp://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa100897.htm
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Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices which greatly influenced life in the 20th century. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park" by a newspaper reporter, he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production to the process of invention, and can therefore be credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory. Some of the inventions credited to him were not completely original, but alterations of earlier patents (most famously the light bulb), or were actually the work of his numerous employees. Nevertheless, Edison is considered one of the most prolific inventors in history, holding 1,097 U.S. patents in his name, as well as many patents in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany.
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Micheal Faraday was the inventor of electric motor and Marie Curie and her husband discovered radium
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The Ronson Company (https://www.ronson.nl/pages_en/ronsonhistory.php) claims to be the inventor of the mechanical lighter a 100+ years ago.\n\nIn 1896, Louise V. Aronson starts to work on a new type of match. By then the ignition of the matches’ ware made out of the highly poisoning Phosphor. Aronson makes the match with a sulphur ignition and registered his invention under the name “Safety Match” on 16 March 1897. That same year, the company moves premises from New York to Newark, New Jersey. By then Art Metal Company is not a one-man operation anymore and the name changes to ‘Art Metal Works’. Louis V. Aronson is President of the company and Max Hecht vice-president. \n\nArt Metal Works manufactured various art and home decoration products as, clocks, vases, desk sets, miniatures and many other novelties useful for wedding- and holiday gifts. Louis V. Aronson still interested with the new ways of ignitions. He meets Alexander Harris who is born in New York and educated in London. Alexander Harris is also inventor and shares Aronson’s passion for new ways of ignition. In 1908 Alexander Harris joins the company and together they start to work on the development of lighters. \n\nIn 1910 Louis V. Aronson granted his first lighter patent. This spark producing apparatus, is an ignition system without any fuel specification, the name on the patent is Pist-o-Liter. This sparking apparatus is based on the metal alloy “Ferro-Cerium” invented by the Austrian “Dr. Carl Auer von Weisbach” two years before. The name Ferro-Cerium was named Auermetal referring to the inventor Dr. Carl Auer von Weisbach. Now or days the Auermetal is better known as “Flints” that still is used in the lighters. For Aronson and Harris this was the start of their both passion to invent / create a proper ‘flame lighter’.
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Michael Faraday (1791-1867) \nBritish physicist and chemist, best known for his discoveries of electromagnetic induction and of the laws of electrolysis. His biggest breakthrough in electricity was his invention of the electric motor.\nOh check out link on Peter Barlow too!
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#1) Garrett Morgan of the United States realized the need to control the flow of traffic.  A gifted inventor and reportedly the first African American to own an automobile in Cleveland, Ohio, he invented the electric automatic traffic light.\n\n#2) Dr. Charles Richard Drew (1904-1950) was an American medical doctor and surgeon who started the idea of a blood bank and a system for the long-term preservation of blood plasma (he found that plasma kept longer than whole blood). His ideas revolutionized the medical profession and have saved many, many lives.
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I know this guys great great grandson. no joke he was on my rugby team. Crook invented the Crook's tube to demonstrate the force exerted on charged particles moving  relative to a magnetic field. This leed to the modern cathode ray tube which forms the basis of your TV or monitor.
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Ancient\nAccording to Thales of Miletus, writing at around 600 BC, a form of electricity was known to the Ancient Greeks who found that rubbing fur on various substances, such as amber, would cause a particular attraction between the two. The Greeks noted that the amber buttons could attract light objects such as hair and that if they rubbed the amber for long enough they could even get a spark to jump.\n\nAn object found in Iraq in 1938, dated to about 250 BC and called the Baghdad Battery, resembles a galvanic cell and is believed by some to have been used for electroplating.\n\n[edit]\nModern\n \nLeyden jars, Museum Boerhaave, Leiden [3].Italian physician Girolamo Cardano returned to the subject of electricity in De Subtilitate (1550)[1], distinguishing, perhaps for the first time, between electrical and magnetic forces. In 1600 the English scientist William Gilbert, in De Magnete, expanded on Cardano's work and coined the modern Latin word electricus from ηλεκτρον (elektron), the Greek word for "amber", which soon gave rise to the English words electric and electricity.\n\nHe was followed in 1660 by Otto von Guericke, who invented an early electrostatic generator. Other European pioneers were Robert Boyle, who in 1675 stated that electric attraction and repulsion can act across a vacuum; Stephen Gray, who in 1729 classified materials as conductors and insulators; and C. F. Du Fay, who first identified the two types of electricity that would later be called positive and negative.
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... the height of an object.\n\nTo construct the instrument:\nAttach the straw to the protractor along one of the 0 degrees lines. Attach one end of the string to the point where the angle lines meet (the center of the circle, if you were to have two protractors put together). Attach the rock to the other end of the string.\n\nTo use the instrument:\nLooking through the straw, find the top of the object of unknown height. Without moving the instrument, read the angle that the straw and string make from the protractor. Measure the distance from you and the object of unknown height.\n\nTo calculate height:\nUse geometry.
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william gilbert\n\nWilliam Gilbert first coined the term "electricity" from the Greek word for amber. Gilbert wrote about the electrification of many substances in his "De magnete, magneticisique corporibus". He was also the first person to use the terms electric force, magnetic pole, and electric attraction.
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The first electric light was made in 1800 by Humphry Davy, an English scientist. He experimented with electricity and invented an electric battery. When he connected wires to his battery and a piece of carbon, the carbon glowed, producing light. This is called an electric arc.\n\nMuch later, in 1860, the English physicist Sir Joseph Wilson Swan (1828-1914) was determined to devise a practical, long-lasting electric light. He found that a carbon paper filament worked well, but burned up quickly. In 1878, he demonstrated his new electric lamps in Newcastle, England.\n\nIn 1877, the American Charles Francis Brush manufactured some carbon arcs to light a public square in Cleveland, Ohio, USA. These arcs were used on a few streets, in a few large office buildings, and even some stores. Electric lights were only used by a few people.\n\nThe inventor Thomas Alva Edison (in the USA) experimented with thousands of different filaments to find just the right materials to glow well and be long-lasting. In 1879, Edison discovered that a carbon filament in an oxygen-free bulb glowed but did not burn up for 40 hours. Edison eventually produced a bulb that could glow for over 1500 hours.\n\nLewis Howard Latimer (1848-1928) improved the bulb by inventing a carbon filament (patented in 1881); Latimer was a member of Edison's research team, which was called "Edison's Pioneers." In 1882, Latimer developed and patented a method of manufacturing his carbon filaments.\n\nIn 1903, Willis R. Whitney invented a treatment for the filament so that it wouldn't darken the inside of the bulb as it glowed. In 1910, William David Coolidge (1873-1975) invented a tungsten filament which lasted even longer than the older filaments. The incandescent bulb revolutionized the world.