What do I use in order to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy?
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Technically a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy is usually called a transducer unless it is generating power at which point it is usually called a generator.\n\nSo a generator is a spinning magnet in a coil of wire. Spinning the magnet generates electricity in the coil. Examples of transducers include phonograph needles, sonar crystals, and BBQ grill lighters. These use a piezoelectric device to convert mechanical energy to electricity.
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Electricity is a form of energy . Energy can't be created nor destroyed . If you are talking of using a small electrical signal to make a large electrical load to work ...Ex : a 50 HP motor at 480 volts starting and running with a 24 volt 1 amp signal application ...that would be done through electro magnetic contactors in which a small 24 volt 1 amp source is applied to a coil and closes the contactor to permit the much larger source ( 480 volt + / - 70 amps ) to cross and energize the load ( 50 HP ) motor ....If you talk of generating electricity there are several ways but can't be considered " amplifying " in the true sense of the word...Hope I clarified this point for you ...
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Either directly through thermoelectric materials or indirectly by using the heat to produce motion and using that to generate electricity.
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And just how do you propose I put a diagram on Y!A?\n\nNonetheless, electricity can be used to generate electricity, as mentioned.  Put three magnets around a rotating shaft & you get 3Φ electricity.\n\nMagnets work in compasses to help a person find direction.\n\nMagnets can be used to hold cabinet doors closed.\n\nMagnets can be used to lift things (like in a junkyard to move vehicles to a compactor), or to remotely move magnetic items (like if you can't reach your car keys, you could retrieve them with a strong enough magnet).
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Generating static electricity.
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A good place to start will be to look at the following websites \n\nThermal Energy and States of Matter\nhttp://www.pschweigerphysics.com/thermenergy.html\n\nThermal Energy\nhttp://sol.sci.uop.edu/~jfalward/physics17/chapter6/chapter6.html\n\nThermodynamics and Thermal Physics guides\nhttp://physics.about.com/cs/thermodynamics/\n\nIf your doing a project you might look into "Ocean Thermal energy conservation" as a topic.\n\nOcean Thermal energy conservation is used to generate electricity using the temperature difference of seawater at different depths
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STEAM TURBINE IS THE BEST EXAMPLE\n in this process steam rotates the turbine convert heat anergy to mechanical energy, and then mechanical turbine rotates the dynamo which creates electricity.
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I think what you are really asking is what different forms of energy convert to other forms of energy.  Mechanical energy can be converted to heat through friction.  Electrical energy can be converted to sound energy with the use of varying electrical currents and permanent magnets.  The splitting of atoms releases huge amounts of electromagnetic radiation of a huge variety, from electrons, to photons, heat, light, etc.  Light energy (photons) can interact with semiconductors in solar cells to produce electrical energy, also known as electromotive force.  I am sure someone has a comprehensive list of the primary energies that we know about.  \n\nIt may help, however, to discuss energy in terms of storing it.  Gas under high pressure in a closed cylinder has high potential energy.  The release of this pressure can cause thrust (like a rocket), or cause a super-sonic shock wave that can blow things up.  Certain chemicals have energy stored in them which is released through chemical reactions.  A rotating wheel has energy stored in the mass about the rotating axis, known as rotational momentum.  The magnetic field in an inductor, like a vehicle ignition coil stores energy in the field in the core, and releases it when the current to the coil is interrupted.  \n\nIn simpler terms, mechanical energy can be turned into heat, light, electromotive force, or pressure. Chemical energy can make heat, light, electromotive force, or pressure (not a complete list).  Atomic reactions (fission or fusion) release huge amounts of energy all across the electromagnetic spectrum.  Hope this is food for thought...\n\nSee a study of thermodynamics and entropy.  It would appear that all energy flow is headed in only one direction, always at a net loss.  See the link.
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It is the transformation of potential energy, converted into kinetic energy, which in turn is converted to hydroelectric energy by the means which you described....KECK
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That depends, is it something that's easily made i.e. (you can buy all the materials at a local store.) If not then you'll either need to buy the machinery to produce it or, you need to submit your invention to a sumbission corps, like your last answer suggested, if you do that though you need to do all the work. You need to know exactly how it works in every way, shape, and form, so if it takes a lot of electricity for example and you don't know squat about that then you'll need to hire an electrician to help you with blue prints or go and learn.
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Alternative forms of energy, some which can be used today. Solar, Wind, Water etc.
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Another way of getting electrical energy for a laptop is using a dynamo machine transforming mechanical rotation into electric current.
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Windmill making is very easy. \n\nTake a small fan like structure. The fan should be connected to a vertical poll. The fan spin should be connected to a cycle dynamo. This can be done using a hard rubber band. (Something similar to the rice mill). The dynamo inturn can connect to a light. \n\nBut if you have a prejudice that a small windmill can produce enough electricity to light up your house, it is wrong. Windpower is one of the less efficient power sources. \nWindpower < Hydro electric power < Coal power < Diesel power < Nuclear power.
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According to how stuff works kinetic watches (at least some) hold the energy in a spring that is wound when the watch is moved.  So electricity is never really used.\n\nI am updating because after further research I found this site that shows a kinetic watch using electricty.  A couple of ways to figure this out could be to use a multimeter to where the charge is held, maybe a coil with a total voltage multiplication of one near the watches coil then connect to a multimeter, and the best choice contact the watch maker!
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electromagnetic energy (light) is converted to chemical energy, or rather chemical potential energy.
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I dont want to copy the entire article from the site---please do visit the link below for full information\n\n\nA wind turbine is a machine for converting the mechanical energy in wind into electrical energy. If the mechanical energy is used directly by machinery, such as a pump or grinding stones, the machine is usually called a windmill. If the mechanical energy is then converted to electricity, the machine is called a wind generator\n\n\n\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbines\n.\nhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/search.php\nhttp://windpower.getfast.info/wind_power/?kw=small%20wind%20electricity%20systems,wind%20turbine
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One current method, is called PEM, or proton exchange membrane fuel cells.  How it works:\n\nHydrogen (H2) molecules are split by way of an anode, into protons and electrons.  The membrane allows protons to pass through and blocks electrons.  This creates an electric potential,  as well as a direct current (DC) as collected electrons move around the membrane to the other side, to recombine with the H+ ions (protons) as well as O2 molecules, creating byproducts of water and heat.  This DC could ideally power anything from a light bulb to propelling an automobile if the electricity were converted to mechanical energy (like in the electric motor portion of a hybrid automobile).\n\nThe difficulty comes in getting the hydrogen.  While the byproduct of a hydrogen powered car is water and heat, which do not hurt the atmosphere, the creation of purified hydrogen, does require energy as well as gives off large amounts of CO2, a greenhouse gas.  Some work is being done into looking into renewable energy sources to power the purification process (wind power, solar power, nuclear power, etc) as well as methods of "burying" the produced CO2 underground, so that it is not released into the atmosphere.