Hi, im doing an essay on germination and I need to know how pH, moisture, light, temperature and soil type will affect germination rates. Please help me with easy basic answers as I am not a expert on the subject! thanks alot.
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Following factors are to be taken in to consideration foe seed germination-:\n 1) Dormancy period -- A seed requires to undergo a period of dormancy after its formation. During this period the seed 'rests' and may refuse to germinate properly. This period varies from seed to seed . Seeds of water melon or red gourd do not have a dormany period and may germinate easily immediately after their formation in the fruit. Others require dormancy period ranging from a few weeks to a few months.\n 2) Viability of a seed -- It is exactly like expiry date/period of a commercial product. It must not be confused with the dormancy or 'resting period'\n After the resting period a seed bcomes ready to germinate.But this readiness is not for ever. It literally expires after cerain period.After that seed will not germinate. This 'ready to germinate' period is the viability period of a seed. It may vary from a few years to many centuries.Seeds of Lotus are reported to have germinated even after eight hundred years! In that case their viability period is atleast that much if not more.\n  \nAfter considering the two inherent factors, let us now look in to the external factors.\n\n 3) Soil moisture or water -- This is required to trigger the mechanism of germination.In in absence of moisture the seeds can not germinate ; but when it is available it is imbibed by the seed coat and the enzymes in side become active and functional. The amount of water does not matter in the initial stages; But later on it becomes critical.\n 4) Soil Texture - Does not matter during germination. Seeds can even germinate with out soil on the piece of a moist blotting paper.\n 5)Soil pH--Should too acidic. pH 5 to 8 is alright.\n 6) Soil temparature - It should be on the warmer side.Lesser the temp. lesser the rate of germination.\n 7) Light - It does not affect the process of germination; but some seeds do germinate better in the ABSENCE of light. They like darkness for germination it seems.\n \n I hope this information will help you to write your essay.
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the effect of electric fields on plants or other organic species
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In every packet of grass seed, there is one, genetically "rogue" seed.  This seed germinates at a slower rate than the rest of the grass seed.\n\nThe regular grass seed (such as creeping red fescue, for instance) grows to become a healthy, even sward.  The single, irregular seed pushes out a single, pointed root downwards.  The root carboniferises into a woody stem, from which a large, single leaf protrudes upwards.  This leaf, in the shape of a flat, regular-sided square or rectangle grows at an angle of ninety degrees to the root.  The outer-facing side of the leaf develops markings which appear in the form of letters reading "KEEP OFF THE GRASS".\n\nHope this helps.
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1)water\n2)sun light\n3)Mineral nutrients\n4)Oxygen\n5)CO2\n6)Optimum Temperature\n7)Less Competition\n8)Ecological adaptations\n9)Soil or good substratum\n10)Role in local ecosystem
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What class was this in? What grade level? What text were you using?  I may be able to help you if I know the context in which the question was raised. I have a feeling that I am not getting all the information you had. Please tell me and maybe I can help. I am an old chemist and microbiologist.
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Does a wisconsin fastplant grow taller in normal tapwater or water with liquid fertilizer?\n\nWe did this in Bio and trust me this seeds are easy to find and they germinate over night so you see results fast.
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Yes humidity does affect the growth of plants but the effect is greater in conditions of low humidity (dry).  When it is dry many plants will minimise opening of their stomata to reduce water loss this also has the effect of slowing gas exchange.  Plants need to take in CO2 for photosynthesis, if the stomata are closed this decreses the rate of photosynthesis and therefore the plant has less sugars created.  When the plant has less sugars (food) it can't grow as much.  \nSwamps can have the effect of flooding the root systems of plants so they don't work properly.  There are specially adapted plants that can survive in swamps, most can't.\nHope this helps
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Soil is the material on the surface of a lithosphere subject to weathering, and especially the earthy portion of that material.\n\nSoil components\n\n    * Composition -- A typical surface soil is half solids and half voids or porosity. Water and air are thus integral components of soils. Water occupies the void space between soil particles and is held by surface tension on particle surfaces. Air occupies the remaining void space. Both water and air components of soils are important to plant growth and other life in the soil profile of a particular ecosystem\n    * Soil texture -- refers to soil grain size, sand = 2 to 0.02 or 0.05 mm; silt = 0.02 or 0.05 to 0.002 mm; clay = <0.002 mm. Soil texture influences available water capacity and movement, fertility, and workability or "tilth". "Loam" is a name for one of various mixtures of these three particle sizes. The ratio of these particles determines soil texture classification.\n    * Soil structure -- the arrangement of soil particles into aggregates, which may have various shapes, sizes and degrees of development or expression. Soil structure influences aeration, water movement, erosion resistance, and root penetration.\n    * Slope -- the inclination of the ground surface. Slope influences runoff of rainfall, soil erosion, stability, and machinery operation.\n    * Soil color -- Soil color often indicates soil moisture status and is used for determining hydric soils. Often described using general terms, such as dark brown, yellowish brown, etc., soil colors are also described more technically by using Munsell soil color charts, which separate color into components of hue (relation to red, yellow and blue), value (lightness or darkness) and chroma (paleness or strength).\n    * Soil chemistry -- A complex subject within soil science; the most important subjects are:\n\n        Soil pH -- The acidity or alkalinity of soils, which affects plant growth and soil fertility.\n        Cation Exchange Capacity -- The soil's ability to retain and exchange positively charged ions, which include major plant nutrients.\n        Reduction and oxidation (Redox) reactions are also important.\n\n    * The soil profile -- A vertical cut that exposes soil layering or soil horizons. Horizons are formed by combined biological, chemical and physical alterations. A, B, and C symbols are used to describe the topsoil, subsoil and substratum, respectively.\n    * Permeability -- The ability of a soil to transmit water or air. Faster or greater permeability often occurs in sandy or gravelly soils due to large pore spaces. Slower permeability typically occurs in finer textured clay soils, or compacted soils with little structure.\n    * Drainage -- The rate in which water is removed from a soil. Drainage influences most uses of soils, whether for agriculture, silviculture or urban. Classes of soil drainage are those found in soil survey reports, such as well drained, moderately well drained, somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and very poorly drained. Soil color patterns (such as mottle patterns or redoximorphic features) often indicate soil drainage class. The most productive agricultural soils are typically well drained or moderately well drained, as are the soils easiest to develop for urban use. By contrast, hydric soils are poorly or very poorly drained. A soil's natural drainage rate can be significantly increased by subsurface "tile" drainage.\n    * Soil biology -- Soils serve as habitats for soil organisms varying in size from microorganisms to small animals. The character of soils is intricately tied to bioturbation and the biochemical functions performed by soil organisms. The soil is home to a large proportion of the world's genetic diversity, which changes by soil type: desert soils (like aridisols) generally have more complex soil biotic communities and genetic diversity than tropical soils (like oxisols).\n    * Soil smell -- earthy odor
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During  a recent experiment our finding with red, green, blue, yellow and clear lights were as follows:\n\nOur results show that the red group grew the most in height, and the yellow and green groups exhibited similar amounts of growth. The blue group grew the least of the colored groups, but the clear and control groups grew the least of all the groups.
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well, there are many factors that led to the growth of bacteria..first, the temperature. Temperature affects the growth of bacteria. Like for instance, there are several bacteria that thrive in room temperature, and there are those that thrive in very cold or very hot temperatures. Second, the pH affects the growth of bacteria also. For example, there are micro organisms that thrive in very acidic env't (ex. Candida albicans which causes Candidiasis), also there are those that thrive in alkaline env't.Third, there are special micro organisms that thrive in extreme environment. For instance, there are those that thrive in very saline env't, called extreme halophiles. There are also that thrive in methane- rich env't.\nThere are other factors that lead to the growth of micro organisms but one thing is for sure...micro organisms are everywhere even in the place where no other living things can thrive...
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It depends entirely on the seed and what you mean by 'offical' germination time.\n\nMore information is required. What type of seeds, what strain of that species, at what temperture and planted under what conditions.\n\nMost commercial seeds will say on the package what the expected germination time is, but bear in mind that those figures are affceted by many other factors inlcuding how deep you plant the, what the temeprature is, how old the seeds are and how much water thay have access to.
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well theres alot of material i can provide you with but i dont know what particular experiment you are designing as there are always different experiments within an experiment.\nanyhow, i think this is an example of an experiment for photosynthesis and respiration and their pH levels.\n\nhttp://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/plb337/old_st_papers/emmert.pdf \n\n\nif you are doing the same experiment, i guess you will find this one really helpful.\n\n.. Good Luck
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"Fastest Growing Plant\nSome species of the 45 genera of bamboo have been found to grow at up to 91 cm (3 ft) per day, or at a rate of 0.00003 km/h (0.00002 mph). Bamboo grows one third faster than the fastest growing tree. Some species can grow up to one meter per day. It is said you can almost watch it grow!"\n\n"Some species of bamboo rarely flower, some of them only every 10-100 or more years. Some of these species are monocarpic, the plant dying after the seed matures. Furthermore, all the individuals of the species will flower at the same time in a large geographical region. This is thought to have evolved to reduce the effect of predators of the seed, who would be unable to depend on a predictable food supply."
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Holocene Soil Development on Till and Outwash Inferred from Lake-Sediment Geochemistry in Michigan and Wisconsin \nAuthors: Ewing H.A.1; Nater E.A.2\nSource: Quaternary Research, Volume 57, Number 2, March 2002, pp. 234-243(10)\n\nParent material. Few soils weather directly from the underlying rocks. These "residual" soils have the same general chemistry as the original rocks. More commonly, soils form in materials that have moved in from elsewhere. Materials may have moved many miles or only a few feet. Windblown "loess" is common in the Midwest. It buries "glacial till" in many areas. Glacial till is material ground up and moved by a glacier. The material in which soils form is called "parent material." In the lower part of the soils, these materials may be relatively unchanged from when they were deposited by moving water, ice, or wind.\n\nSediments along rivers have different textures, depending on whether the stream moves quickly or slowly. Fast-moving water leaves gravel, rocks, and sand. Slow-moving water and lakes leave fine textured material (clay and silt) when sediments in the water settle out.\n\nClimate. Soils vary, depending on the climate. Temperature and moisture amounts cause different patterns of weathering and leaching. Wind redistributes sand and other particles especially in arid regions. The amount, intensity, timing, and kind of precipitation influence soil formation. Seasonal and daily changes in temperature affect moisture effectiveness, biological activity, rates of chemical reactions, and kinds of vegetation.\n\nTopography. Slope and aspect affect the moisture and temperature of soil. Steep slopes facing the sun are warmer, just like the south-facing side of a house. Steep soils may be eroded and lose their topsoil as they form. Thus, they may be thinner than the more nearly level soils that receive deposits from areas upslope. Deeper, darker colored soils may be expected on the bottom land.\n\nBiological factors. Plants, animals, micro-organisms, and humans affect soil formation. Animals and micro-organisms mix soils and form burrows and pores. Plant roots open channels in the soils. Different types of roots have different effects on soils. Grass roots are "fibrous" near the soil surface and easily decompose, adding organic matter. Taproots open pathways through dense layers. Micro-organisms affect chemical exchanges between roots and soil. Humans can mix the soil so extensively that the soil material is again considered parent material.\n\nThe native vegetation depends on climate, topography, and biological factors plus many soil factors such as soil density, depth, chemistry, temperature, and moisture. Leaves from plants fall to the surface and decompose on the soil. Organisms decompose these leaves and mix them with the upper part of the soil. Trees and shrubs have large roots that may grow to considerable depths.\n\nTime. Time for all these factors to interact with the soil is also a factor. Over time, soils exhibit features that reflect the other forming factors. Soil formation processes are continuous. Recently deposited material, such as the deposition from a flood, exhibits no features from soil development activities. The previous soil surface and underlying horizons become buried. The time clock resets for these soils. Terraces above the active floodplain, while genetically similar to the floodplain, are older land surfaces and exhibit more development features.\n\nThese soil forming factors continue to affect soils even on "stable" landscapes. Materials are deposited on their surface, and materials are blown or washed away from the surface. Additions, removals, and alterations are slow or rapid, depending on climate, landscape position, and biological activity.\n\nWhen mapping soils, a soil scientist looks for areas with similar soil-forming factors to find similar soils. The colors, texture, structure, and other properties are d
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Most seeds contain less than 20% water, as opposed to about 80% in growing tissues. Most of the water in seeds is bound to macromolecules, so that little is available for metabolic reactions. Cellular membranes are disorganized under these conditions. Because the water potential of seeds is extremely low they are capable of drawing water from soils that have too little water to support normal plant growth. As the seed imbibes water cell membranes reorganize and metabolism begins. However, the seed may not germinate at this point. In addition to water, many seeds require a period of cold exposure (stratification) or leaching of inhibitors by water before germination is possible. This applies particularly to wild species; many cultivated plants have been selected for ease of germination. During seed development dormancy is associated with an increase in abscisic acid; this dormancy can often be broken artificially by treatment with GA.\n\nGermination in some seeds is promoted by ethylene. This could be related to an ecological response to fire which occurs naturally in many biomes. Burning vegetation generates trace amounts of ethylene and clears the ground for colonization by new plants.\n\nMany seeds require light for germination; much of our understanding of phytochrome physiology derives from experiments with lettuce seeds in which germination is stimulated by red light and inhibited by far-red. Under phytochrome control seeds that are buried in the soil will not germinate unless the soil is turned over so that they are exposed to light. This is part of the theory behind "no-till" crop production and recent ideas that it might be a good idea to plow at night!
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Soil and climate conditions.
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Commercial processing of seeds is designed to ensure maximal germination, not to stop them germinating.\n\n\nThe simple fact is that not all seeds are viable, just as not all pregnacies result in children.\n\n\nFor various reasons seeds can fail. Sometimes that is because of genetic flaws within the seeds. Sometimes the seeds get infected with diseases or mites that eat them before they germinate.\n\n\nMostly seeds fail simply because theye weren't treated right. Sometimes the seeds are too old and have died. Sometimes they are buried too deep, or have been watered too much, or not watered enough, or let get to hot, or too cold or a million other environmental factors that prevent germination.