I need to know about the CP20 receptro found on T-cells that HIV viruses attach on to, nad if it can be altered. thanks
121657
i really don't know the answer to your question,but i know of a place that might,i go here for support,and there's  a place  for advice on hiv,so i thought this would help,,click on below
160582
Right, Posotive and negative selection occurs in the thymus.\n\nImmature T cells move from the Bone Marrow to the tymus where they are posotivly and negativly selected and this is the basis of Tolerance.  T cells that bind Too Weakly to the MHC antigen complex are killed by apoptosis.  T cells that bind too strongly are also killed by apoptosis.  Those that lie between are selected.  \n\nThis is important as T cell binding too weakly cant raise immune awarness and cells that vbind too strongly cause autoimmune diseases.\n\nLook up T cell anergy which is things like blocking of the receptor deletion of the T cell etc.  Try the book immunobilogy By c Janeway or "the immune system" by Peter Parham both published by garland science.  \n\nok this is a very basic overview as its a long subject and needs to be read rather than asked on this.\n\ngood luck
652253
Well strictly speaking HIV (the virus that causes AIDS) can't live at all anywhere for the simple reason that viruses aren't living.  But I get your point :)\n\nYou don't need to worry about getting HIV from cutting yourself on anything that's not contaminated with fresh blood or other fluids from an HIV-positive patient.  The virus can only "live" outside the body for a very short time (a few hours), and only in fresh bodily fluids (I believe it actually needs living human cells to survive).\n\nHowever, any cut can become infected, and with deep cuts, particularly puncture wounds, there's always a risk of tetanus, especially if the cut was from something in a damp area.  Be sure to clean the cut thoroughly, treat it with first-aid antiseptics (ex. neosporin), and cover it with a bandage.  Also, be sure your tetanus shots are up to date.  Watch carefully for signs of infection, especially if the cut was obtained in an unclean area, and see a doctor if the wound becomes inflamed (turns red, maybe starts oozing puss, that kind of thing), or seems otherwise remarkable.
173002
Ok, firstly for a virus to infect someone, it must enter a cell type. cold viruses enter your nasal, oral or respiratory epithelium. (top layer) this is where the interaction of the virus and host (you) causes inflammation and your body's response is the symptoms of a cold.\n\nHIV enters a specific cell called a T helper cell (also marked, and know as CD4) this cell is crucial to your immune system. HIV is called a retrovirus as basically it converts it Genome into a length of DNA that incorporates it's self into the human T-cells DNA. So if, in theory you removed all the HIV virus from your body,  the virus can come back, as you immune system would make it!\n\nsound strange but one of the reasons its such a nast bug. While in the T cell it multiplies and spreads to other cells, then destroyes the T cells it's in.\nHIV can be monitored by two methods: virus count, and T cell count. Ideally you want virus count of 0 and a high T cell count.\n\nHIV can be combated using drugs, including a group called "reverse transriptase inhibitors" these slow down the rate that the HIV virus can multiply andincorpotate it'sself into you body.  So if have HIV, get a cocktail of antiHIV drugs, you can life almost as long as you would without the virus.\n\nThe main problem with HIV is as it attacks your immune system, it makes you vulnerable to all sorts of other diseases.
418279
An estimated 40 million people worldwide are currently infected with HIV. Africa has 10% of the world's population, but more than 65% of the world's HIV burden. Although the last 5 years have been marked by an increased investment in HIV treatment, the evaluation of both new and existing prevention strategies has also been under way. One promising preventive approach that is being investigated is male circumcision.\n\nThe focus on eliminating penile foreskin stems from previous immunologic studies demonstrating that it contains large concentrations of HIV-target cells, such as macrophages, Langerhans, and CD4+ cells.[1] Therefore, it is plausible that the removal of these HIV-target cells could reduce the risk that exposure to the virus would result in transmission. Recently, the first randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial (RCT) to assess this strategy showed a significant reduction in rate of HIV infection.[2] Findings from this trial have raised both hope and concern about use of the procedure.\n\nPast and Present Research\nIn the late 1980s, observational researchers in Africa first noted a reduced prevalence of HIV in ethnic groups whose cultural practices included male circumcision. This was followed by a number of observational studies focused on the possible preventive effects of the practice. However, other researchers and policy-making bodies were skeptical of the quality of these data, and it became apparent that RCTs were needed.\n\nThe initial RCT (ANRS 1265 Trial) was conducted by Auvert and colleagues[2] in a semiurban district near Johannesburg, South Africa, from 2002 to 2004. They enrolled 3274 men; 1617 underwent medical circumcision. All participants received a 20-minute sexually transmitted disease counseling session, and had access to condoms. Participants in the intervention group were asked to be abstinent for 6 weeks following circumcision to allow for adequate wound healing.\n\nThe trial was terminated following interim data analysis because of the overwhelming results: a 60% reduction in HIV infection in the circumcised group (20 new diagnoses in the intervention group vs 45 in the control group). The most common adverse events seen post circumcision were pain (0.8%) and swelling (0.6%). No increases in infection were detected at the first follow-up visit, indicating that the immediate postsurgical effects did not make the circumcised men more vulnerable to HIV.\n\nTwo similar RCTs are under way (in Kenya and Uganda); data from these investigations will help confirm or refute the ANRS findings. In the meantime, there is much to consider about the implications of the ANRS data, including possible effects and potential barriers to the promotion and implementation of male circumcision as a preventive strategy.\n\nConsiderations and Concerns\nOpponents to encouraging widespread male circumcision have a number of concerns, including cultural considerations, the risk for increased infection if sterile circumcision techniques are not used, and the possibility of encouraging increased sexual promiscuity post procedure. With respect to concern about increased sexual promiscuity, data from Auvert and colleagues[2] found an increased number of sexual partners in the circumcised group, despite which, there was still a decrease in HIV incidence compared with the controls. Previous data have demonstrated a false security associated with circumcision, with some men believing that the procedure conferred the ability to safely have sex with multiple partners.[3] Whether the increase in number of sexual partners demonstrated in the ARNS Trial is generalizable requires data from other RCTs.\n\nConcerns about cultural acceptability and feasibility are well founded. Experts have contended that circumcision may be least accepted in communities that need it most (groups in which male circumcision for any reason is currently nonexistent).[4] However, studies of acceptability conducted in Africa have demonstrat
32902
kurdiatcha's mostly got it - I've just got a few things to add:\n\n1) The original transmission of HIV from monkies to humans actually occurred in a hunting accident during which the blood of a monkey mingled with the blood of a wounded hunter. Consuming well-cooked monkey meat probably would not pose a significant threat of HIV transmission.\n\n2) Creating a monkey/human hybrid is not possible, and it's not likely that it will ever be possible. Yes, humans and monkies share much of the same genetic material, but it's important to note that we also share much of that same genetic material with plants, fishes, etc. (think about it from an evolutionary perspective, and it makes sense). If you're taking chromosome numbers into account, humans (46 chromosomes) are actually more closely related to bats (44) or tobacco plants (48), although you can imagine what a disaster it would be trying to cross a human with one of these two organisms. For comparison, rhesus monkies have 42 chromosomes.\n\nIf you've had general biology at the college level, you're aware that chromosome numbers are crucial in reproduction. Considering the cases in which breeding among different species is successful (think male donkey [62 chromosomes] + female horse [64] = mule [63]), the progeny will not be capable of reproduction due to its odd number of chromosomes. (Each diploid individual contributes only half of his/her genetic material, remember, forming a new diploid individual from the two haploid sets of chromosomes.) In short, human and monkey chromosomes combined could not create progeny (viable or sterile).\n\n3) Tons of people still cling to the idea that molecular biology (genetics) can accomplish anything. This is not true - yet. While the field is advancing at an incredibly rapid rate, we're nowhere near successfully using gene therapy to cure diseases, for example. (The France gene therapy experiment resulted in fatalities.) Sure - we have the human genome sequenced, but we're still figuring out exactly how everything works. It's unlikely that science will be interested in attempting to cross humans and monkies when so much more important genetic research has to be done.\n\nI'm done. :D
129968
I would like to hope that medical professionals would release info to the public that would help people. However, I would venture to say it could be a possibility that there is information that could help people with AIDS but medical professionals won't release it. \n Medical professionals have been reluctant to study herbal therapies. Perhaps because there would not be much profit if they were proven to work against diseases or perhaps just having a lackadaisical approach to finding other ways to combat ailments is the reason why they have been reluctant to study alternate therapies.\n Is it possible to reduce viral load with alcohol? Ask any medical professional if a small quantity of alcohol would work in reducing viral load. I say it can.\n Is it possible to use peppermint oil lozenges to slow the immune response so that the killer cells can destroy virus before the virus destroys helper cells? I say it can.\n You are very wise to ask the last question. Is it possible to reduce viral load along with a consistent slowing down of the immune response (without hindering the power of the immune system) and then use a vaccine ( even a non-specific one ) to help rebuild the immune system? Ask the top AIDS researchers if it can work. I say it can work. I believe it could be possible for the bloodstream to have an immunity to the virus although some virus may still be hiding within the body. In essence this could be a cure for AIDS.\n This treatment could be a cheap and effective way to help people .
107962
http://hiv-web.lanl.gov/content/hiv-db/COMPENDIUM/1994/PART-III/HIVsubtypes94.pdf#search='HIV%20subtypes'\n\nhttp://www.avert.org/hivtypes.htm\n\nThese two sites have some pretty good stuff.
87813
First of all, I am sorry about what is going on with your boyfriend. I am a Registered Nurse and the mental anguish of this diagnosis can be very difficult.\n\nMost Definelty! Tests can be wrong...\n\nHowever, there are two tests for HIV, (Western Blot and Elisa Test)--if both of those tests came out positive then he is probably positive. The Western Blot test is the most "accurate" test.--So there can be instances where a person is positive for the Elisa Test and Negative for the Western Blot test and vice versa.--The fact still remains that the Western Blot is the most definitive test.\n\nAnd to answer your other question..."Can he be healthy and still be HIV positive"--- Most Definetly, this is 2006, now a days, HIV is not a "death sentence". As you know, it can take up to ten years to become positive or let alone feel the symptoms of being HIV positive. You must remember that HIV is a virus that causes AIDS. AIDS and its effects such as (PCP pneumonia, Kaposi Sarcoma, Low T Cell Counts) are what kill people, not HIV. The HIV Virus can lie "dormant" (meaning asymptomatic, still contagious to others however) for lack of better terms until the person is diagnosed with AIDS. Even if it is confirmed that he is HIV positive, being physically fit will be on his side. His life span may be prolonged by that alone.\n\nAnyway, I hope this helps....I really hope all goes well with your beau. Do you plan on getting tested as well?
522232
being viral, hiv uses reverse transcriptase to replicate, normal cells dont.
473069
http://www.life-diagnostics.com/Product/Default.asp?MenuID=237&RefMenuID=219&TopMenuID=222&LeftMenuID=237&OVRAW=cytomegalovirus&OVKEY=cytomegalovirus&OVMTC=standard\nyou too can search the web for this sort of information.
416724
First, take a deep breath.  HIV dies in a matter of seconds in open air.  The chances of you contracting it this way is rare to nonexistent.  But I would definetly report this technician and facility.  For HIV testing, it takes 6 mos. to a year for the the virus to be testable in your blood, but you can be tested almost any where.  I would suggest talking with a doctor (preferably one that understands OSHA regulations) before I freaked out too bad.\n\nIn the future, if you see this, don't allow the doctor/lab technician to perform any procedures.  This is your body and your responsibility.  The time for being polite is over.
354673
I know a sister who was HIV positive tested in three different hospital. During a deliverance crusade this sister was prayed for and God operated a miracle of divine healing on her.She went back to these hospital and was tested again and truely she was HIV negative. What a miracle God!. This sister went to the fourth hospital and truely she is healed.The proves are there. The doctors who made the test plus the papers.
23488
They get a blood sample. Their computers/scientists can detect traces of HIV in your blood. It's just a virus. They can actually see it taking over.
171468
Because a negative test result likely indicates absence of HIV infection (i.e., high negative predictive value), a negative test need not be repeated in clients with no new exposure in settings with low HIV prevalence. For clients with a recent history of known or possible exposure to HIV who are tested before they could develop detectable antibodies (129,130), the possibility of HIV infection cannot be excluded without follow-up testing. A false negative result also should be considered in persons with a negative HIV-1 test who have clinical symptoms suggesting HIV-1 infection or AIDS. Additional testing for HIV-2 and HIV-1 group O infection might be appropriate for these persons.\n\nThis basically says that if your results are non-reactive, you are not HIV positive, but if you are still in a high-risk group (multiple partners without using protection, drug user, health care worker, etc.) you should retest in the near future. It also would be important that this initial test was done within the timeframe that it would be accurate, and not too early after the exposure.  I hope this helps.  \n\nIf you are indeed lucky this time, please be smart and take the precautions to protect yourself, your life, and the lives of those you care about.
138522
Scientists and medical authorities agree that HIV does not survive well outside the body, making the possibility of environmental transmission remote. HIV is found in varying concentrations or amounts in blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk, saliva, and tears. To obtain data on the survival of HIV, laboratory studies have required the use of artificially high concentrations of laboratory-grown virus. Although these unnatural concentrations of HIV can be kept alive for days or even weeks under precisely controlled and limited laboratory conditions, CDC studies have shown that drying of even these high concentrations of HIV reduces the amount of infectious virus by 90 to 99 percent within several hours. Since the HIV concentrations used in laboratory studies are much higher than those actually found in blood or other specimens, drying of HIV-infected human blood or other body fluids reduces the theoretical risk of environmental transmission to that which has been observed - essentially zero. Incorrect interpretations of conclusions drawn from laboratory studies have in some instances caused unnecessary alarm.
495052
Don't you know that they can and do also test for the presence of HIV virus? Like, they can detect HIV years before they detect AIDS. Please read this: http://www.med.unc.edu/wrkunits/orgs/stepaids/testing.htm\n\nYour immune system will try to fight back by producing antibodies to HIV. Each type of antibody is unique to the disease, so if you have HIV antibodies then you have the virus.\n\nIt can take years for the HIV virus to kill all or most of the immune cells, and once someone has lost most of them its called AIDS. Hunger and malnutrition aren't good for your immune system, but they kill in different and easily identifiable ways that don't look like AIDS to a doctor.\n\nThis will answer most of your other questions:\nhttp://www.aids.org/info/FAQs.html