name 5 antibiotics and their uses.  of the 5 antibiotics, explain their mode of action. Antibiotics are: Tetracycline, Streptomycin, Polymyxin B, Pencillin and Cephalosporin
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well,here is a useful brief answer:\nA-Tetracycline:\n# mode of action:\n1.Bacteriostatic.\n2.Prevents bonding  of tRNA to mRNA on ribosome.\n# uses:\n1.Treats intestinal amebiasis.      \n2.Effective against Rickettsia and Chlamydia.     \n3.Against syphilis and gonorrhea.  \n\nB-Streptomycin:\n# mode of action:\n1.Bacteriostatic \n2.Inhibits peptide bond formation.  \n# uses:\n1.Tuberculosis.\n2.Used for tularemia,plague.  \n2.Urinary tract infections.  \n3.Enteric infections.  \n4.Nosocomial infections.  \n5.Against penicillin-resistant gonorrhea       \n\nC-Polymyxin B:\n# mode of action:\n1.Bacteriocidal  \n2.Causes disorientation of lipoprotein constituents resulting in a distortion.     \n# uses:\n1.Against Pseudomonal infection.      \n2.Against Gram -ve in wounds,abrasions,and burns.\n3.Against E.Coli infection.\n\nD-Pencillin:\n# mode of action:work by inhibiting the formation of peptidoglycan cross links in the bacterial cell wall.\n# uses:\n1.STD:like syphilis & gonorrhea.\n2.Cardiac infection:Bacterial Endocarditis.  \n3.Brain infectins:Meningitis,Encephalitis.\n4.Respiratory infections:Pneumonia,Lung abscess.\n5.Miscellanous:Tonsilitis,Pharyngitis.\n6.Skin infections.\n7.Prophylasis:Rheumatic Fever .\n8.Septicemia in children.\n\nE-Cephalosporins:\n# mode of action:work by inhibiting the formation of peptidoglycan cross links in the bacterial cell wall.\n# uses:\n1.Against Staphylococcal & Streptococcal infections.\n2.Against Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis.\n3.Hospital-acquired infections.
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Ampicillin isn't effective against Pseudomonas. \n\nPseudomonas aeruginosa is a pain in the neck to treat. Only a select few antibiotics have efficacy against it, and with rising drug resistant it often severely limits treatment options.\n\nCurrently, antiobiotics used for Pseudomonas aeurginosa include ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin, ticarcillin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, aztreonam, gentamycin and tobramycin. There are a few others, but these are some of the more common options.
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The penicillins are beta lectam antibiotics.  They work by preventing bacteria from producing cell walls by blocking the transpeptidation reaction. The reaction cross links glycan linked peptide chains, and without these, the cell wall is no longer stong enough. Also they stimulate the release of bacterial enzymes called autolysins which degrade the cell wall.\n\nPenicillins act on gram positive bacteria, and some modern synthetic penicillins are able to penetrate the capsule and act on gram negative.\n\nTaking this into account, i would say thats as a group they are broad spectrum because they act on most gram positive indescrimenantly and some gram negative. However, individually, some in the group may be considered narrow because they only act on a small group.\n\nI hope that helps
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Amoxicillin is broad spectrum penicillin and is usually used for aerobic infection ( thise which rely on air) and metronidazole is for an-aerobic infection ( bacteria the dosn't need air to multiply) so reaaly depends what the bacteria is and where the infection is
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1. bacteria\n2. vectorborne\n3. b\n4. a\n5. yes\n6. muscle\n7. b\n8. 10\n9. c\n10. 10
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Your doctor may suggest that you wait 48 hours before giving your child antibiotics, because most ear infections clear up on their own. One study showed that a "wait-and-see" approach cut the use of antibiotics by 76%. The majority of parents were satisfied with the results.
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What is the treatment for a sore throat caused by bacteria? \nIf your sore throat is caused by Streptococcus, your family doctor will probably prescribe penicillin, taken by mouth for 10 days. Another antibiotic, called erythromycin, can be used if you're allergic to penicillin. If your sore throat is caused by a different bacteria, your doctor may prescribe another type of antibiotic.\n\nWhat is the treatment for a sore throat caused by a virus? \nAntibiotics don't work against viruses. Infections caused by viruses usually just have to run their course. Most symptoms caused by a cold-type virus go away in a week to 10 days.\n\nSymptoms caused by mono can last for 4 weeks or more. If you have mono, your doctor will probably suggest that you get plenty of rest and that you not exercise too hard. You can take acetaminophen (brand name: Tylenol), ibuprofen (brand names: Advil, Motrin, Nuprin) or naproxen (brand name: Aleve) for the headache and other aches.\n\nWhat about a sore throat that's caused by allergies?\nIf a sore throat is a symptom of hay fever or another allergy, your doctor can help you figure out how to avoid the things that trigger your allergies. Or you may need to take medicine for your allergies.
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They block the synthesis of bacteria cell wall\nBeta lactam (contain a ring- beta lactam ring) example are penicillin, cephalosporin, carbapenems\n\n\nSome bacteria now secrete beta lactamase- which stops the beta lactam from working.\n\nHowever, in such infectional bacteria, there are beta lactamase inhibitor that stop the beta lactamase from working. Example: Sulbactam.
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PENICILLIN G PENICILLIN V General Monograph, Benzylpenicillin Phenoxymethylpenicillin Antibiotic\n \nAction And Clinical Pharmacology: Penicillins G and V, known as the natural penicillins, are bactericidal against susceptible organisms. Penicillins interfere with the synthesis of cell wall mucopeptides, resulting in the formation of defective cell walls that will lyse and eventually result in death of the organism.\n\nThe spectra of activity of penicillins G and V are similar. Penicillin G is more active against gram-negative organisms (i.e., Neisseria) and some anaerobes than is penicillin V. Penicillin G can also be given parenterally, enabling the attainment of high serum concentrations, and is used for the treatment of serious infections involving penicillin-susceptible bacteria. Penicillin V is more resistant to hydrolysis by acidic gastric secretions and is absorbed orally to a much greater extent than penicillin G; therefore, it is the preparation of choice for the treatment of penicillin-susceptible infections of mild to moderate severity, in which the oral route of administration is desirable.\n\nThe in-vitro spectrum of activity of the natural penicillins is as follows: Gram-positive Aerobic Bacteria: non-B-lactamase-producing staphylococci, streptococci Groups A, B, C, G, H, K, L and M, S. pneumoniae (increasingly not susceptible), nonenterococcal group D streptococci, viridans streptococci and some strains of enterococci, C. diphtheriae, L. monocytogenes, B. anthracis and E. rhusiopathiae.\n\nGram-negative Aerobic Bacteria: non-B-lactamase producing N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, non-beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, B. pertussis, E. corrodens, P. multocida.\n\nGram-positive Anaerobic Bacteria: A. israelii, Bifidobacterium, C. tetani, C. perfringens, C. botulinum, Eubacterium, Lactobacillus, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Propionibacterium.\n\nGram-negative Anaerobic Bacteria: Fusobacterium, Veillonella; most Bacteroides species are resistant.\n\nSpirochetes: T. pallidum, B. recurrentis, B. burgdorferi, Leptospira.\n\nPharmacokinetics: After oral administration, penicillin is absorbed mainly from the duodenum and upper jejunum. The extent of absorption depends on the presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract, gastric and intestinal pH and the relative acid-stability of the penicillin derivative. Both natural penicillins are hydrolyzed in the presence of acidic gastric secretions. Penicillin G is more acid-labile and should be taken on an empty stomach. Penicillin V is more stable in the presence of gastric acid and although it may be taken with meals, higher serum levels are achieved if it is taken on an empty stomach.\n\nPeak serum levels are reached within 30 to 60 minutes and are 2 to 5 times higher with penicillin V than penicillin G. The oral form of penicillin G or V benzathine reaches a lower peak level when compared with other forms of oral penicillin but levels are sustained for a longer period of time.\n\nAqueous penicillin G (as the potassium or sodium salt) may be administered i.m. or i.v. Following i.m. injection of either salt, peak levels are attained within 15 to 30 minutes.\n\nRepository preparations of penicillin G benzathine or penicillin G procaine are intended for deep i.m. injection and provide a tissue depot from which absorption takes place over several hours to several days. Penicillin G benzathine reaches its peak more slowly and is generally longer acting than penicillin G procaine.\n\nThe natural penicillins are readily distributed into ascitic, synovial, pleural and pericardial fluids. Distribution into tissues varies widely, with highest amounts in the kidney and lower concentrations in the liver, lungs, skin, intestines and muscle. Small amounts are found in all other body tissues and in the CSF. When the meninges are inflamed, the CSF concentration is about 5% of the serum concentration and can be therapeutic against sensitive organisms. Penicillins
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Try calling the fda. There are operators who might be able to help you.\n\nor visit their website: http://www.fda.gov\n\nYou are talking about Antibiotics......\nThere are other antibiotics that work slightly differently... like MAcrolides (aZithromycin, Erythromycin),
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It is an antibiotic. It could be used if you have an infection.
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You go to your doctor and he'll give you something for it. If it's a bacterial infection, then you'll probably end up with antibiotics.
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You could also try\nwww.rxlist.com\nthey shurely describe the mode of action\n\nFor chemical structures try\nwww.wikipedia.org\nthey should cover a lot of the substances, I guess.
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Most pills have a number or a name on them. Just call your local pharmacy and they can tell you what it is and what it does.
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Pseudomonas (P. aeruginosa), Mycobacterium, aspergillus
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There are quite a few, you must ask your doctor to be sure that the right antibiotic is treating the right infection-bacteria.  I do know that prolong use of any antibiotic will build up your immune system to the antibiotic and it will not be effective to fight off future infections.
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It is a bacteria.\n\nThe antibiotics we use to fight E. coli depend a bit on where the infection is. Different antibiotics tend to have different penetrations into various body parts.\n\nUrinary infections: we will use trimethoprim, amoxycillin&clavulanic acid combination, cephalexin\nKidney infections: often intravenous antibiotics eg amoxycillin&gentamicin IV or cephalexin/cephazolin/ampicillin instead of amoxycillin\n\nIn some cases we use norfloxacin or ciprofloxacin.