Temperature meaning the kind that relates to earth science.  Like temperature of the weather, etc.  Please post your answers with brief description of how each measurement tool works.
137484
A thermometer is the most common method...\n\nUsually weather thermometres use alcohol rather than mercury as it is cheaper, less hazardous than mercury, and you are unlikely to measure close to or above 75 degrees celcius (which is the boiling point of ethanol).\nA thermometer works by filling a tube with the alcohol, as the temperature increases then the alcohol expands, thereby increasing in volume and rising up the tube. When the temperature decreases then the ethanol contracts and takes less space, thereby moving down the tube.\nIf you were to heat an alcohol thermometer in a fire it will burst as the ethanol expands so much as to destroy the tube.\n\nSome thermometers have small parts in them that are pushed up the tube and when the temperature drops the parts are stuck ther until you shake them... this hepls measure a maximum temperature.\n\n\n\nThere are also electronic methods, however these are often dependant on the humidity (moisture in the air) as a conductor... you may see such instruments in a sauna close to the roof.\nOther electronic thermometers are dependant on metal strips that change shape due to heat, allowing small changes in temperature to be measured. Your toaster will use something similar as a thermostat.\n\nI dont know much about the electronic types...
125624
Absolute zero is important because it is very likely to be the lowest temperate possible, and is most likely unobtainable. Knowing it is useful because it makes calculations involving temperature simple to deal with. Personally I wouldn't want to try anything like quantum thermodynamics using celcius or fahrenheit because the temperatures below zero would most likely turn out to be a lot tougher to deal with.
628413
Temperature is indicative of the energy of a system. Ultimately temperature is a measure of the average energy of atoms or molecules of a system. The Kelvin scale is a scale that theoritically start from a state of a system with zero energy. Since energy cannot be negative (we havent observed one in nature) so consequently there is no negative temperature in degree kelvin.\n\nSo what happens really when an atom reaches the threshold of zero degree kelvin? Nobody has done an experiment that reached that temperature so far. To me I think its the opposite extreme of the big bang in the miniature scale. At the start of the big bang it was all energy, then it became cooler, some energy condensed to matter. So at zero degree kelvin, the system has no energy, I mean the system is pure matter with no internal energy.
366560
You have it backward.  The temperature is dependent on some function of time not the other way around.
392727
Few  processes on earth operate in isolation; areas on our planet are interconnected, which means linked to conditions elsewhere on earth. A condition, an occurrence, or a process in one place generally has an impact on other places. The exact nature of this interaction is not known. For example the presence of abnormally warm water off south Americas west coast (El Nino) seems to be related to unusual weather in other places in the world.
287774
Extrapolate the formula, using the surface temoerature, and instead of the earth distance, substitute the distance you want to caluclate the temperature at.  \n\n\nMeasuring the Sun's Temperature\nOne method, called Wien's law, uses the wavelength of the peak emission, wavelengthpeak, in the Sun's continuous spectrum. The temperature in Kelvin = 2.9 × 106 nanometers/wavelengthpeak.\n\nAnother method uses the flux of energy reaching the Earth and the inverse square law. Recall from the Stellar Properties chapter that the flux is the amount of energy passing through a unit area (e.g., 1 meter2) every second. From the Inverse Square Law of Light Brightness, you find that the solar flux at the Earth's distance = the Sun's surface flux × (Sun's radius/Earth's distance)2 = 1380 Watts/meter2. Since the Sun's photosphere is approximately a thermal radiator, the flux of energy at its surface = sigma × (the Sun's surface temperature)4, where sigma is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant. Rearranging the equation, the photosphere's temperature = [(solar flux at Earth)/sigma) × (Earth distance/Sun's radius)2]1/4.\n\nThese two methods give a rough temperature for the Sun of about 5800 K. The upper layers of the photosphere are cooler and less dense than the deeper layters, so you see absorption lines in the solar spectrum. Which element absorption lines are present and their strength depends sensitively on the temperature. You can use the absorption line strengths as an accurate temperature probe to measure a temperature of about 5840 K. \n\nRead the link, you'll have to scroll down to come up to the stuff I have cut and paste above.\nst\nHope you find this useful.
163170
in simple words is an increasing of the average temperature of the Earth. This is mostly due by the increasing of the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.\n\nMore at the next link:\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalwarming.html\n\nA map:\nhttp://www.climatehotmap.org/index.html
405984
Degrees F or Degrees C\n\nCould also theoretically be measured in Kelvin...but why that would be necessary I don't know.\n\nOr at least can't think of a reason to do it at this point
128620
temperature itself is a property of matter. so, in space, where there is a near perfect vacuum, there is no temperature.\n\ntemperature of stars / dark matter in space can be measured by studying the radiation that is emitted / absorbed by it.
394239
It's the actual temperature with humidity, wind chill factor (if applicable), dew point and other conditions taken into consideration. There's actually a mathematical equation to figure it out but it may be hard to find since the calculations are done by computers these days.
517324
tradition.\n\n\nFahrenheit is the way we have always done it...\nCelsius, although a more efficient and all around a better system is not the way we have done it.  Change is never easy.
99365
Don't forget...also in earth science (weather)\n\nDeposition in science can also mean going directly from a gas to a solid (i.e. frost on the ground).\n\nDeposition is the opposite of sublimation which is going directly from a solid to a gas. (i.e. dry ice)\n\n:)
496415
They measure temperature with a thermometer.\nThey measure wind speed with an anemometer.\nThey measure humidity with a hygrometer.\nThey measure the salinity with a salinometer.\nThey measure the activation with a acuator.\n\nThen they get the weather on a computer from the National Weather Service.
78829
a thermometer for temperature, but for tenperature i don't know.
261089
Thermometer Measures the Actual temperature, by the implementation of a device or mercury's reaction to the degrees.\n\nWind chill is a FACTOR- as it blows across our skin, the temperature is PERCIEVED to be colder, as our skin is being Cooled faster- the wind blows our body warmth away.\n\nWind chill factor is Calculated, Not Measured.
311822
Do you mean physical, thermoclinical, or what?  Check out the sources, and you should find your answers.
527623
Fahrenheit is the standard equivalent to the metric Celsius.  It doesn't hold any 'hidden' meaning in the book. It is descriptive not metaphorical/allegorical.