1. Gene is a part of DNA.\n2. Gene is composed of DNA.\nCould you resolve these statements?
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Just a clarification-DNA is composed of nucleic acids, not amino acids.  Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
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1. Usually all living cells of the same organism have the same exact DNA. But the cell type determines which genes are actually expressed.\n\n2. Eukaryote are more complex cells and have a longer time between transcription and a a functional protein. They use repression, signal cascades, phosphorylation, etc. A prokaryote has simpler regulation because transcription itself is usually the regulation.\n\n3. Vertebrates have 4 groups of hox genes, fruit flies only have one group. Look at the way the hox genes are expressed in development and what specifically they do (Sorry I can't give a more direct answer, I don't remember enough of my animal biology.)\n\n4. Polyploidy generally makes plants bigger, this makes their fruit bigger also. Another advantage is manipulation of fertilization. For example: seedless watermelon is produced by crossing a diploid with a tetraploid to get an infertile triploid. The embryos abort in the triploid and fail to form mature seeds.
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UPDATE: I've just read your comment so I'm leaving the difficult stuff below. \nFirst things first:\nProbably you know (but it's worth repeating) that the genetic information in each cell is kept as DNA. This DNA is able to copy parts of itself as RNA. RNA in turn builds proteins. Our bodies are not made only of proteins, but proteins are the ultimate regulators of what our body looks like and how it works. So, if a gene in your DNA synthesizes a specific RNA, and this in turn can make a particular protein, this protein will have to do with the way you look and function. Another person with a somewhat different "variety" of the same gene, will have a different appearance and/or function. Each gene codes for one protein, so it takes a really large amount of genes to code for all of them (and this is VERY simplified, the interactions are much more complex).\n\nNow for the second part: the fact that you have several really long DNA strands in each cell (these DNA strands are what can be visualized as chromosomes under special circumstances) does not mean that every single little gene in your DNA will generate RNA and ultimately produce a protein. Only a part of the DNA is actually active (and it's a small proportion), the rest is just "there" and doesn't code. And the expression of the gene (=when the gene's information becomes visible) depends on the interaction with other genes, with other substances that are cellular regulators, and many environmental factors. \n\nExample: you know Siamese cats? they have a genetic constitution such that the dark color proteins are formed especially at the body parts that are colder. So usually you get a sand-colored cat with black legs, tail, and ears. But for this pattern to show, there has to be interaction with the right temperatures. If the cat is not exposed to these colder temperatures, the dark parts don't develop. Or maybe other proteins or regulators "got in the way" of the process. And you get a cat with no dark parts (or the opposite, a very dark animal from excess cold). \nAnother example: suppose a baby is born from tall parents; they in turn had tall parents, so it's highly probable that the baby has the "tall" potential. But if this baby is not well nourished during his/her development, he/she will not reach the height that he "potentially should" have had. \nCan you see the difference? The genotype is ALL the genetic information that you have, and the phenotype is the result of the combination of this genetic information with other factors: the person/animal/plant as it is realized. \nI hope this helps you, I'll be around :-)\n\nCheck this site, it's great:\nhttp://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/IIIA1Genotypevsphenotype.shtml\n-------------------------------\nThe genotype is the genetic information that the said individual carries in each of his/her body cells. Much of that information is never expressed (=becomes "visible" or translates into actual characteristics), and much genetic information can yield different characteristics depending on the interaction with many environmental factors (which occur both inside and outside the cell or organism in question). Thus, the final fully developed individual is the result of the genotype ("raw" genetic information) PLUS environmental/developmental factors; the characteristics of this final product, the real individual, constitute the Phenotype. \nFor instance, an individual with a perfectly "normal" genotype may develop many types of abnormalities due to problems during pregnancy, including drugs, lack of oxygen, etc. Identical twins have the same genotype (they come from a single cell) but are never completely identical; and of course they have different personalities. This is because of all the epigenetic phenomena that influence development. And it's also the reason why reductionist approaches that s
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Inside of each cell of the human body is a nucleus.  Inside of it are genes and chromosomes.  Inside of those are complex strands of proteins and amino acids that together are calle deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA.  This DNA contains the "blueprint" for an entire human being.  When two people mate, their DNA gets combined to form a new human, unique but having many characteristics shared by the parents' DNA.  Have you ever heard the term "genetic lottery"?  This is because each time the DNA from two humans is combined to make a third new human, the combination of DNA is to an extent random.  Only to an extent.  I inherited my mother's bad vision and my father's bad teeth.  I inherited my father's nose.  But I am taller than either of my parents.  My hair is a completely different color than either of theirs.  Sometimes DNA, genes, and chromosomes are imperfectly formed.  Each gene controls certain characteristics about a human being.  Completely normal parents can wind up having a baby with Downs' Syndrome (Mongolism, a type of mental and physical retardation).  Completely normal parents can wind up having a dwarf baby.  But other problems are passed down directly from one generation to the next.  Hemophilia is one example, the people whose blood won't clot.  They can bleed to death from a cut.  If they fall they can bleed internally until they die.  Hemophilia is passed down from one generations to the next in the female line.  Queen Victoria, who was related to most of the people of the royal and imperial houses of pre-World War One Europe, was a carrier of the genetic defect of hemophilia.  The women who carry this are usually immune to it.  It is the boys they give birth to that can suffer and die from uninterrupted bleeding due to this genetic defect.  How to prevent one's son from being hemophiliac if one is a female carrier?  Adopt.
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Chromosomes are strands of DNA. Genes are sections of DNA. So a chromosome is made up of DNA and has many genes on it. Genetic means "of or relating to genes". So, yes, eye color and hair color is genetic, and the genes that determine these traits are in chromosomes. You should read about genetics in a biology textbook or online. Here's a website that talks about genetics in a simple, easy to understand way:\nhttp://www.purchon.com/biology/genetics.htm\n\nI have hair that's light brown and I have blue eyes, so I'd be B.
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DNA tells your cells what to do and how to do it. it is the reason I have blue eyes and brown hair. It's the reason I love chocolate and can't stand brussel sprouts. The chromosomes of DNA are, as said before, like blueprints. That is why DNA plays a major role in the human body.
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Nucleotide = nitrogen base (purine or pyrimidine) + phosphate group + pentose sugar (ribose or deoxyribose)\nThey are units of DNA.\nNucleoside= nitrogen base(purine or pyrimidine)+ pentose sugar(ribose or deoxyribose)\nThey are units of RNA.\nHope u got it!
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The statement is true. If you assume that takeing dna to rna is the same language, then that would be transcribing, while rna to prtien is a different language, that is translating
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codons  are molecules  that are part of messenger  rna  that represent a part of a protein to be synthesized.\nthe anticodon is part of the ribosome  that fits with the codon like 2 pieces of a jigsaw puzzle would fit and it will result in the attachement of a particular amino acid\nthus fro attaching different amino acid sequences different proeins are made for different dna sequences.
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For DNA and RNA:\nhttp://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=63\n\nOn fats:\nhttp://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/Courses/ns421/Fats.html\n\nBy the way, DNA is a nucleic acid, but so is RNA\nDNA has deoxyribose sugar, while RNA has ribose\nDNA has adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine bases, while RNA has adenine, URACIL, guanine and cytosine.\nDNA is the "blueprint" and stays in the nucleus\nRNA has 3 types, messenger, transfer, and ribosomal\n\nHope this helps!!!
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1. true\n\n2. true\n\n3.true, they assort independently.\n\n4. false, more like the early1900's\n\n5.false it is called a gene today and Mendel never called it a Merkmal, unless that is German for " factor ", which is what Mendel called the unit of heredity.
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organ: brain\nmolecule: DNA
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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid —usually in the form of a double helix— that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life, and most viruses. DNA is a long polymer of nucleotides (a polynucleotide) and encodes the sequence of the amino acid residues in proteins using the genetic code, a triplet code of nucleotides.\nIn complex eukaryotic cells such as those from plants, animals, fungi and protists, most of the DNA is located in the cell nucleus. By contrast, in simpler cells called prokaryotes, including the eubacteria and archaea, DNA is not separated from the cytoplasm by a nuclear envelope. The cellular organelles known as chloroplasts and mitochondria also carry DNA.\nDNA is often referred to as the molecule of heredity as it is responsible for the genetic propagation of most inherited traits. In humans, these traits can range from hair colour to disease susceptibility. During cell division, DNA is replicated and can be transmitted to offspring during reproduction. Lineage studies can be done based on the facts that the mitochondrial DNA only comes from the mother, and the male Y chromosome only comes from the father.\nEvery person's DNA, their genome, is inherited from both parents. The mother's mitochondrial DNA together with twenty-three chromosomes from each parent combine to form the genome of a zygote, the fertilized egg. As a result, with certain exceptions such as red blood cells, most human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, together with mitochondrial DNA inherited from the mother.\n\nMolecular structure:\nAlthough sometimes called "the molecule of heredity", DNA macromolecules as people typically think of them are not single molecules. Rather, they are pairs of molecules, which entwine like vines to form a double helix (see the illustration at the right).\nEach vine-like molecule is a strand of DNA: a chemically linked chain of nucleotides, each of which consists of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate and one of five kinds of nucleobases ("bases"). Because DNA strands are composed of these nucleotide subunits, they are polymers.\nThe diversity of the bases means that there are five kinds of nucleotides, which are commonly referred to by the identity of their bases. These are adenine (A), thymine (T), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). U is rarely found in DNA except as a result of chemical degradation of C, but in some viruses, notably PBS1 phage DNA, U completely replaces the usual T in its DNA. Similarly, RNA usually contains U in place of T, but in certain RNAs such as transfer RNA, T is always found in some positions. Thus, the only true difference between DNA and RNA is the sugar, 2-deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA.\nIn a DNA double helix, two polynucleotide strands can associate through the hydrophobic effect and pi stacking. Specificity of which strands stay associated is determined by complementary pairing. Each base forms hydrogen bonds readily to only one other, A to T forming two hydrogen bonds and C to G forming three hydrogen bonds. The GC content and length of each DNA molcule dictates the strength of the association; the more complementary bases exist, the stronger and longer-lasting the association characterised by the temperate required to break the hydrogen bonding, its Tm value.\nThe cell's machinery is capable of melting or disassociating a DNA double helix, and using each DNA strand as a template for synthesizing a new strand which is nearly identical to the previous strand. Errors that occur in the synthesis are known as mutations. The process known as PCR (polymerase chain reaction) mimics this process in vitro in a nonliving system.\nBecause pairing causes the nucleotide bases to face the helical axis, the sugar and phosphate groups of the nucleotides run along the outside; the two chains they form are sometimes called the "backbones" of the helix. In fact, it
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well i didnt get your question properly but i will try to make the concept clear....actually adenine and guanine(called purines), thymine and cytosine (pyridines)....so adenine is attach to thymine with the help of "3 HYDROGEN BOND"  and guanine is attach to cytosine with the help of "2 HYDROGEN BOND"....so its natural that the amount of adenine is equal to amount of thymine and amount of guanine is equal to amount of cytosine...\nso lets take an example suppose u have .20 of adenine and then it is must that thymine should also be .20......similarrly if u have .30 of gunaine then it is must that u have .30 of cytosine.
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DNA (or deoxyribonucleic acid or deoxyribose nucleic acid) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life.
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1.Cells reproduce from other cells\n2. all living things have cells\n\nHope that helps
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This goes to the core of biological and evolutionary theory.\n\nDNA is elements arranged into nucleic acid molecules, arranged in a code (see first link). This code is directly used by a couple of RNA molecules to build protein molecules, ie enzymes (see link two).\n\nProtein molecules make up most of our body structure themselves, but for other parts (made from other molecules - which are combinations of elements), enzymes are used to arrange the correct structure.