Commercial alkane solvents often contain small quantities of alkenes. How can the solvents\nbe purified? Describe the reactions and processes involved.
134344
I believe one commercially viable method is to add concentrated sulfuric acid.  The alkenes will form alkyl hydrogen sulfates, which are soluble in the H2SO4 (or in H2O).  Alkanes do not readily react with H2SO4, so they will not dissolve in the polar solvent.\n\nThis method of separating liquids based on selective solubilities is called extraction.  Since there is a chemical reaction between the solvent and the alkenes, this is technically called "reactive extraction."
478652
The samples must be homogenously ground to enable the solvent to fully soak into the sample and extract the compound you want in question. Also there is a question of statical averages so a uniformed powder sample is the best for this process. If the sample is lumply or too big the solvent can't fully soak into it and wherefor not all of your compound in question is extracted by the process (Then the solvent fills up the soxhlet thumbie (sp)). If this happens you will get a incorrect value then you come to do the maths in determinating the amoult of the coumpound in question.
269895
Well, the kinetics are actually pretty complicated. \n\nAll of the catalysts I'm aware of for this type of reaction are heterogeneous. This complicates things for several reasons. First, the rate is going to be much more dependent on reactor design since how well the catalyst is suspended and dispersed plays a big role in the rate of reaction. Second, the rate will depend on the active surface area of the catalyst, which can vary from batch to batch of catalyst and must be determined empirically for each sample.  \n\nAnother tricky issue is that in the course of the reaction you are going from a liquid (oil) to solid (fat). This will change the physical properties of your mixture, which changes the way the catalysts is distributed and will certainly change the kinetics. Solution viscosity could potentially become an issue, especially on the industrial scale. It really just depends on how you run the reaction.\n\nIn terms of amount of H2 needed, it's going to depend on precisely what kind of oil you are starting with. Most vegetable oils are mixtures of several oils made of the triacylgylcerides of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid and linoleic acid. Since the degree of unsaturation varies from acid to acid (and therefore oil to oil), it depends entirely on which specific oil you have.\n\nIn terms of catalyst, in principle it's always regenerated and never lost.\n\nI wish I could give you more specifics, but the kinetics here are really messy and not easily amenable to a traditional analysis.
429083
It varies with the grade produced.  This example is is 94.5 nitromethane with nitroethane and nitropropane.  I doubt there is any measurable amount of propane left in the commercial product.
521948
u cannot eliminate anything as all of the products can be hydrogenated. But 2-Methylpropene give isobutane upon hydrogenation, whereas the others give butane.\n\nYou need more information to eliminate one of the above probably the 4th one.
570869
Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons.  They are separated at various temperatures called fractional distillation.\n\nThe lightest components are natural gas (methane), butane and the like.  These distill out first  (used for heating + cooking).\n\nThen gasoline distills out (used in cars - commonly called gas).\n\nKerosene follows (used as aircraft fuel)\n\nDiesel continues    (used in heavy trucks)\n\nHeavy industrial oil distills out next (uses for lube and oil burners)\n\nParrafin wax is one of the last to distill (used in candles and cosmetics)\n\nFinally, the stuff that makes oil black -asphalt- stays as the undistillable residue of the oil.  Asphalt is used for making... you guessed it... asphalt roads.\n\nFor more info \n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_refinery
501171
Paraffin is actually the final product to come from petroleum after a distillation process involving steam that separates the different components, or chains of hydrocarbons from the raw petroleum.  This is a process of distillation, separating, filtering and cleaning.
422055
Most of the info provided is superfluous.\nSimply put, you burned something and got 4.161g H2O (MW=18.016), all H coming from the sample.\nSo you formed 4.161/18.016 = 0.23096 mols H2O, and since each mol H2O contains 2 mols H, your sample contained 0.4619 mols of H.\n\nBTW, it is easy to deduce the empirical formula of the compound:\nNo hydrocarbon can have a MW of 60.095, and since only CO2 and H2O were formed, the compound  must contain O...this works out to be C3H8O, which means it is probably propanol (n or iso) or methyl ethyl ether.
11503
test the reactions of different substances in water. like um put in sugar and salt and then say it dissolved. And put in oil and say it freakin stayed seperate or whatever it does
577072
This is a poorly worded question.  All chemicals have some solubility in water, however minute.\n\nOf these selections, I would go with A\n\nAdding a charge facilitates dissolution.\nMany covalent materials (oil) have low solubility \nMany large molecules are water soluble (Poly Ethylene Glycol)
276982
I don't know that you can, different solvents react differently to pressure, so I don't think it's a one eqaution fits all kind of process.  That's why they all have different graphs for phase vs temperature/pressure.  I'm sorry.\nSounds like you have a pretty high boiling point though, the things I've taken off that had to be real high temp were water, toluene, and pyridine.  Could it be one of them?  They smell pretty different, so you'd know which.  \nThat's an interesting question though, I've never stripped a solvent that I didn't know what it was.
345138
Of the choices you listed above, then Alkane is the answer.  There are other compounds which fit this description, for example the cycloalkanes which is a sub-group of alkanes.\n\nThese are also called aliphatic compounds and saturated hydrocarbons.
333281
C because the solution is SATURATED with solute, meaning no more solute can be dissolved by the solvent in the solution.
639748
So you need chlorobutane to run a column?\n\nWhat about something similar, in terms of polarity, like chloropropane or chloropentane?\n\nI was going to run a column once based on results from TLC using a pentane/acetone mixture. The lab ran out of pentane and the stock room was closed. My undergraduate research advisor suggested hexane instead. We tried it, it worked, and I was able to get the separation.
496594
You have not stated where these vapors are coming from or what their purity is, but in general propane vapors can be compressed, cooled and thereby liquified. At approximately 200 psi and 100 degree F. propane can be condensed from a vapor to a liquid. I say approximately, because propane seldom exists in the pure form but is usually mixed with small amounts of methane, ethane and butane.
157425
I made flashcards while studying organic chemistry.  Break all the reactions down into the different types of reactions, then make a flashcard for each reaction within all of the types of reactions.  If you want to, you could leave certain details out, like solvents or conditions, and put them on the back to make sure you are remembering them.  I would also write for what cases the reactions would work on each card (eg. primary and secondary alcohols only).  It might be a lot of work to write them out, but it worked for me.  Also, just writing them out will probably help too.  Good luck!!
253079
See number 28:\nhttp://elchem.kaist.ac.kr/jhkwak/OkanaganPdb97/molecule/alkane.htm