difference between pneumatic and electro-pneumatic system.List of electro pneumatic component and information about it.Give function of relay, solenoid, sensor, reed switch, static switch, cylinder switch and pressure switch
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I assume the difference is that an electro-pneumatic system is a pneumatic system that uses electrical components to control the pneumatics.\n\nDo a Yahoo search, you'll find out all the details.
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Any type of valve could be a block valve.  "Block" refers to the function of the valve, Ball, globe, gate valves all refer to the construction of the valve and the mechanism used for seating the valve.
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Very simple circuit, the two power supplies are used to maintain an electric equilibrium.\nThe potentiometer is used to adjust the sensibility.\nThe transistor amplifies the signal when the person lies, he or she reduces her or his resistance, and the transistor amplifies the signal, the meter instrument shows the result.
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For the vacuum cleaner, see:\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_cleaner#History\n\nFor the microwave oven, see:\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave_oven#History
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* coupled winding , which has two coils that are magnetically coupled and\n* tap winding , where there is only one winding
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(m)\n\ngoto the following website for your question with neat diagrams\n\nhttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/HBASE/electric/gaulaw.html
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Either air pressure, or fluid pressure on a fluid present in the cylinder.
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electropneumatic circuit \n\nhttp://www.festo-didactic.com/ov3/media/customers/1100/0000607001156324537.pdf\n\n:>peace
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From Stewart-MacDonald\nwww.stewmac.com\nhttp://www.stewmac.com/shop/Electronics,_pickups/Potentiometers_and_push-pull_pots/2/Potentiometers_and_Push-Pull_Pots.html
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A relay usually comes in a normally closed or normally open set-up (or both on a relay with multiple connections).  There are 2 coil connections and 2 or more connections on your "switch" side.  On a normally closed relay, the switch side is closed (or connected) and allows electricity to pass through.  When a voltage source is supplied to the coil connection on the relay, it "switches" and opens the switch side connections, breaking that circuit.  When the voltage to the coil side is removed (or turned off), the relay returns to it's normally closed position and switch side is now a completed circuit again.  A normally open relay acts the same, only it is open with no voltage, and closed when voltage is applied to the coil.
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I do not quite understand your question. In all the applications you mentioned, there is but one method of using hydraulic energy. A hydraulic fluid is pressurized using a hydraulic pump and that energy is then used to move a cylinder, turn a motor, or operate a valve.
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Because this is not a science question, it is a language question.  "Open" in reference to a tap is different than "open" in reference to a switch.\n\nWhen you turn on a tap (valve) the internal area becomes larger and the fluid (water, gas, whatever) flows.  When you turn on a switch (completing the circuit) electricity flows.  For switches, "open" means off.
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Mechanical Engineering as a field involves all mechanical systems -- pumps and compressors, plumbing and piping, motors and engines, fans and air conditioning, anything that moves or exerts forces or performs work.  However, if you were to pursue a mechanical engineering degree, you would be involved in the design side of things -- worrying about temperatures, pressures, tensile stress, corrosion and wear, etc. from the viewpoint of the drafting table.  ME technology, on the other hand, deals with the... uh, nuts and bolts?  It's a more direct study of how things work, on maintenance and troubleshooting.  Rather than being called a mechanical engineer, you would be a mechanical technician, someone who actually touches equipment on a daily basis rather than just #2 pencils and gum erasers.  Machinery techs come in all shapes and sizes, depending on the areas you'd like to specialize in: there are air conditioning and HVAC techs, mechanical techs who work on compressors and vacuum pumps, or those who install and repair plumbing and hydraulic systems for large structures (as opposed to your average residential plumbing guy).  There are also machine tool operators who operate lathes and mills to fabricate parts.
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Hydraulic systems have two major advantages over pneumatic;\n1. Hydraulic systems can develop much higher pressures, thereby producing much higher forces in actuated components.\n2. The hydraulic fluids are incompressible (virtually).\n\nThe second advantage listed above has many byproducts of advantage on its own;\n1 Hydraulics give very smooth motion of actuated components, since there is no "bounce" due the the fluid compressing and expanding as in pneumatics.\n2. Hydraulics can easily stop motion in the middle of actuator movement, where pneumatics (without a lot of additional effort) only accurately position at the end stops of actuator movement.\n3. The speed of actuator movement can be more accurately controlled in pneumatics because of the smooth motion as described above.\n\nPneumatic systems are often used instead because pneumatic pressure is usually cheaper to obtain, especially since most industrial facilities already have compressed air available.\n\nSince many systems don't require extremelly high forces, and only need to make movements from one position to another, and dont need to stop in between, pneumatics is the easier and cheaper way to go.\n\nAlso, hydraulic systems are dirtier than pneumatic systems. There is a saying that I can personally attest to being true, that is that there are only two type of hydraulic systems, those that leak, and those that will eventually leak.\n\nWhen a hydraulic system leaks it is leaking hydraulic fluid, where as when pneumatics leak, it only leaks air, and the air can be kept very clean with proper equipment. This can be very important  in food and pharmaceutical facilities where cleanliness is important.\n\nI just looked up on line and read where the 777 has hydraulic control surfaces.
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Engine = Gas\nMotor = Electric
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On your first question, what is mechatronics; Well it is a combinations of Mechanical, Robotics and Electronics. This is a new fields that rise after people realized on the needs of the this 3 fields engineering to be combine and have as mechatronics. \nUsually in this field,\nMechanic - the knowledge of gears, material selecting, motors..etc.\nRobotics - program, IC design & programing, ..etc\nElectronic - circuit board, IC installing, wiring, power supply... etc.\n\nautomation is a separted division where this field is under the mechanical division while the mechatronics is under electric and electronic division.
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Helium molecules are very small and slowly leak through the balloon wall.\n\nAir contains a mixture of gaseous molecules, primarily Nitrogen and Oxygen.  These are much larger than Helium.