the path that an air molecule takes through out the body
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Air molecule???\nThe air we breath, Oxygen Nitrogen (not nitrate, just oxygen and nitrogen), goes in through your nose down to your lungs. Your red blood cells have tiny holes on them, and they "collect' the oxygen from your lungs, back to the heart, and gets pumped everywhere through your body. Your body takes the oxygen, have a bunch of reactions with them, and sends out the "waste" (carbon dioxide, etc), which goes back to your ticker, pumps it up to your lungs, and is breathed out. \n\nPlease, don't just use that as your research paper. It is much more detailed. :P
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Nitrogen and oxygen make up around 99% of the total atm pressure. Carbon dioxide, water and other inert gases make up the other 1%. There is a graph called the Oxygen-Hemoglobin dissociation curve, and temp. carbon dioxide and blood pH can shift this curve to the left or right...increase in CO2 the curve shifts right, decrease it shifts left. So in tissues the CO2 levels are higher so the Red Blood Cells pick up CO2 easily and in the lungs the CO2 levels are lower than in the blood and O2 is picked up, and of course there is the Cl shift that occurs. CO2 is a byproduct of cellular respiration...energy production in the mitochondria...this is a long question to answer, there is more to it but I hope this helps.
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Drink plenty of water and don't smoke cigarettes (the worst for blood flow)or drink alcohol. Also Aerobic exercise will make your lungs better able to get oxygen into the bloodstream.
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Heres the PDF of the paper that explains the process and the quantitation of how they get the number. \n\nIn this study, the temporal shape of voice-induced nitric oxide (NO) signals in exhaled air has been investigated in eight healthy individuals by means of laser magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results of the experimental part have been compared with calculated signals obtained by using a simple one-compartment model of the paranasal sinuses. In the experimental part, a rapidly increasing NO concentration has been found when the subjects started humming. After reaching a maximum, the emission starts to decrease with the shape of an exponential decay and finally reaches a constant level. The time constant of this decay (NO washout) is 3.0 ± 1.2 s. The peak height of the NO emission during humming increases when the time between two humming processes increases. When no voice-induced NO emission takes place, the NO concentration in the paranasal sinuses rebuilds again to a maximum concentration. The typical time constant for the NO recovery is 4.5 ± 3.2 min. A three-compartment model defining exactly the geometry and anatomy of the paranasal sinuses has been developed that is based on three main assumptions of the NO dynamics: 1) constant NO production of the epithelium in the sinuses; 2) the rate of the chemical reaction of NO with the epithelium of the paranasal sinuses is proportional to the NO concentration; and 3) the emission of NO from the sinuses (volume/s) is proportional to the NO concentration. It is shown that the three-compartment model under the experimental conditions can be reduced to a one-compartment model, which describes the complete temporal behavior of the NO exchange. \n\nlaser magnetic resonance spectroscopy; nitric oxide emission; noninvasive measurement
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All gases are taken into the lungs.
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A. Tissue linings of the respiratory system
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to carry nutrients, oxygen, wastes to/away from body cells.
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As our bodies perform strenuous exercise, we begin to breathe faster as we attempt to shuttle more oxygen to our working muscles. The body prefers to generate most of its energy using aerobic methods, meaning with oxygen. Some circumstances, however, --such as evading the historical saber tooth tiger or lifting heavy weights--require energy production faster than our bodies can adequately deliver oxygen. In those cases, the working muscles generate energy anaerobically. This energy comes from glucose through a process called glycolysis, in which glucose is broken down or metabolized into a substance called pyruvate through a series of steps. When the body has plenty of oxygen, pyruvate is shuttled to an aerobic pathway to be further broken down for more energy. But when oxygen is limited, the body temporarily converts pyruvate into a substance called lactate, which allows glucose breakdown--and thus energy production--to continue. The working muscle cells can continue this type of anaerobic energy production at high rates for one to three minutes, during which time lactate can accumulate to high levels.\n\nA side effect of high lactate levels is an increase in the acidity of the muscle cells, along with disruptions of other metabolites. The same metabolic pathways that permit the breakdown of glucose to energy perform poorly in this acidic environment. On the surface, it seems counterproductive that a working muscle would produce something that would slow its capacity for more work. In reality, this is a natural defense mechanism for the body; it prevents permanent damage during extreme exertion by slowing the key systems needed to maintain muscle contraction. Once the body slows down, oxygen becomes available and lactate reverts back to pyruvate, allowing continued aerobic metabolism and energy for the body’s recovery from the strenuous event.\n\nContrary to popular opinion, lactate or, as it is often called, lactic acid buildup is not responsible for the muscle soreness felt in the days following strenuous exercise. Rather, the production of lactate and other metabolites during extreme exertion results in the burning sensation often felt in active muscles, though which exact metabolites are involved remains unclear. This often painful sensation also gets us to stop overworking the body, thus forcing a recovery period in which the body clears the lactate and other metabolites.\n\nResearchers who have examined lactate levels right after exercise found little correlation with the level of muscle soreness felt a few days later. This delayed-onset muscle soreness, or DOMS as it is called by exercise physiologists, is characterized by sometimes severe muscle tenderness as well as loss of strength and range of motion, usually reaching a peak 24 to 72 hours after the extreme exercise event.\n\nThough the precise cause of DOMS is still unknown, most research points to actual muscle cell damage and an elevated release of various metabolites into the tissue surrounding the muscle cells. These responses to extreme exercise result in an inflammatory-repair response, leading to swelling and soreness that peaks a day or two after the event and resolves a few days later, depending on the severity of the damage. In fact, the type of muscle contraction appears to be a key factor in the development of DOMS. When a muscle lengthens against a load--imagine your flexed arms attempting to catch a thousand pound weight--the muscle contraction is said to be eccentric. In other words, the muscle is actively contracting, attempting to shorten its length, but it is failing. These eccentric contractions have been shown to result in more muscle cell damage than is seen with typical concentric contractions, in which a muscle successfully shortens during contraction against a load. Thus, exercises that involve many eccentric contractions, such as downhill running, will result in the most severe DOMS, even without any noticeable burning sensations in the
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a.The volume of thoracic cage increases,the lung pressure increases when we breath in.\nb.Mycobacterium tuberculosis spreads when we breath in the air that contains the bacterium as a droplet.\nc.Diagnosis of TB.\nd.Avoiding contact with affected people,vaccination,etc...\ne.Ovary releases the ovum into the oviduct,that collects them & reaches the ampulla for fertilisation.\nf.It dissolves in the haemoglobin & passes thro' the tissues.\ng.The ovarian membranes protects the foetus-Amnion,Chorion & Allantois.\nh.Spread of insect borne diseases thro' insects like mosquitoes & flies.\nk.Insulin,the hormone secreated by beta cells of Islets of Langerhans(present in the pancreas) reduces the increase in Blood glucose level.
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All right, I'm first going to explain, briefly, the structure of the cardiovascular system, and then I'll move on to how the blood transports oxygen specifically.\n\nYour heart pumps blood from the right ventricle to your lungs, where it exchanges carbon dioxide for oxygen, and then continues to your left atria. The left atria pumps the blood to the left ventricle, which pumps blood through your arteries  to your capillaries, where the oxygen is released so that cells can use it. Carbon dioxide is picked up, and the blood continues to the veins, and back to the right atria.\n\nNow, your blood contains red blood cells, which contain two important molecules, hemoglobin and myoglobin. Both have a high affinity for oxygen, so, in your lungs, where there is a high oxygen concentration, oxygen binds to each of these two molecules (until the equilibrium point is reached). The red blood cells are pumped throughout the body. \n\nIn the body, the concentration of oxygen is lower than in the surrounding atmosphere, so the amount of hemoglobin (and myoglobin) which is binding oxygen decreases until it reaches the new equilibrium point. Active tissues use oxygen quickly, forming lots of CO2, which enters the blood, and is converted to carbonic acid by red blood cells, using the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. The change in pH lowers the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, so more oxygen is released from other red blood cells near working tissues. The carbonic acid is released back into the blood from red blood cells, where it dissociates into a proton (H+) and a bicarbonate ion. It travels through the blood back to the lungs, where it is converted back into CO2, and diffuses across the transport surfaces of the lungs due to the concentration gradient. Then the cycle starts over.
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Glycolysis.\n\nOne molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid generating energy in the form of ATP and NADH. This is one of the most common metablic pathways known, being found in the majority of living organisms.
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The Lungs are paired organs in the chest that perform respiration. Each human has two lungs. Each lung is between 10 and 12 inches long. The two lungs are separated by a structure called the mediastinum. The mediastinum contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, and blood vessles. The lungs are covered by a protective membrane called the pulmonary pleura.\n\nLung function normally peaks in the late teens and early twenties. After the early twenties, lung function declines about 1 percent a year over the rest of a person's lifetime. Lung function decreases about 2 percent a year for people who smoke.\n\nWhat do your lungs do?\n\nYour lungs do a vital job. Each day, you take about 23,000 breaths, which bring almost 10,000 quarts of air into your lungs. The air that you breath in contains several gases, including oxygen, that your cells need to function. With each breath, your lungs add fresh oxygen to your blood, which then carries it to your cells. The main function of your lungs is respiration.\n\nRespiration\n\nRespiration is the process of oxygen from incoming air entering the blood, and carbon dioxide, a waste gas from the metabolism of food leaving the blood.
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Red blood cells are red only because they contain a protein chemical called hemoglobin which is bright red in color. Hemoglobin contains the element Iron, making it an excellent vehicle for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide. As blood passes through the lungs, oxygen molecules attach to the hemoglobin. As the blood passes through the body's tissue, the hemoglobin releases the oxygen to the cells. The empty hemoglobin molecules then bond with the tissue's carbon dioxide or other waste gases, transporting it away.
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carries oxygen around the body
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yes, yes and NO.  Due to low concentration of oxygen in our lung blood, oxygen passes thru thin cell walls into blood.  Due to higher concentration of Carbon Dioxide in our blood, it passes into the air in our lungs and is expelled.  Each exhale has less oxygen and more carbon dioxide than the inhale breath.\n\nHowever, there is still plenty of oxygen left, not all passes into our blood.  That is why mouth to mouth resuscitation works.  Plenty of oxygen in our exhaled breath to help with someone Else's inhaled breath.
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into mouth or lungs, through pharynx, into bronchioles and then bronchioli, then into each lung to a sac of alveoli, then onto hemoglobin molecules in blood cells, then to the heart to be pumped to the body and given to a body cell.
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when we breath oxygen it enter in to our blood which is called oxyhaemoglobin.it helps in circulation the fresh blood through entire body through artillaries and deocygenated blood goes again for circulation in heart through veins.