concerned with reflection and refraction
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when a light ray passes from a denser medium to a rarer medium, the refracted ray bends away from the normal and the angle of refraction is greater than the angle of incidence.\nso, when the angle of incidence is continuously increasing the angle of refraction also increases in such a way that agile of refraction is always greater than angle of incidence, till for a particular value of Angle of incidence , the corresponding angle of refraction becomes 90 and the refracted ray grazes along the surface.\nthe angle of incidence in denser medium for which corresponding angle of refraction is 90 in the rarer medium is called the critical angle denoted by C.
274059
The glass of water is acting as a lens to refract the light coming from the clock.  Refraction is the bending of light rays as they pass through a medium such as water or glass.  Various materials refract light differently.  This fact is the basis for some analytical instruments such as the refractometer.  Also, light of different wavelengths is refracted differently within the same medium.  This, too, is a basis for the above mentioned analytical instruments.  But, the simple one word answer to your question is "refraction".
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Optics deals with the propagation of light through transparent media and its interaction with mirrors, lenses, slits, etc. Optical effects can be divided into two broad classes: those which can be explained without reference to the fact that light is fundamentally a wave phenomenon, and those which can only be explained on the basis that light is a wave phenomenon. Let us, for the moment, consider the former class of effects. It might seem somewhat surprising that any optical effects at all can be accounted for without reference to waves: after all, as we saw in Sect. 9, light really is a wave phenomenon. It turns out, however, that wave effects are only crucially important when the wave-length of the wave is either comparable to, or much larger than, the size of the objects with which the wave is interacting (see Sect. 11). When the wave-length of the wave becomes much smaller than the size of the objects with which the wave is interacting then the interactions can be accounted for in a very simple geometric manner, as explained below. Since the wave-length of visible light is only of order a micron, it is very easy to find situations in which the wave-length of light is very much smaller than the size of the objects with which the light is interacting. Thus, ``wave-less'' optics, which is usually called geometric optics, has a very wide range of applications. \nIn geometric optics, light is treated as a set of rays, emanating from a source, which propagate through transparent media according to a set of three simple laws. The first law is the law of rectilinear propagation, which states that light rays propagating through a homogeneous transparent medium propagate in straight lines. The second law is the law of reflection, which governs the interaction of light rays with conducting surfaces (e.g., metallic mirrors). The third law is the law of refraction, which governs the behaviour of light rays as they traverse a sharp boundary between two different transparent media (e.g., air and glass).
502324
We only see the light reflected off of an object.  Google the invisibility cloak that scientists have comeup with.  It works by refracting and redirecting light .
567015
Laser interferometry may be what you are looking for
371019
Sorry, you're going to have to be a bit more specific than that. Electromagnetics is a rather broad subject.\n\n~X~
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You must to review the diagram... note that the light escape in a second reflection, no in the first reflection.
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Lesson 3: Total Internal Reflection\nTotal Internal Reflection\nAn unusual observation - a discrepant event - was observed in a recent lab - the Index of Refraction lab. The refraction of light through a glass block in the shape of an isosceles triangle was investigated (at least, so we thought). In the lab, a ray of light entered the face of the triangular block at a right angle to the boundary. This ray of light passed across the boundary without refraction since it was incident along the normal (recall the Secret of the Archer Fish). The ray of light then traveled in a straight line through the glass until it reached the second boundary. Only instead of transmitting across this boundary, the entirety of the light seemed to reflect off the boundary and transmit out the opposite face of the isosceles triangle. This discrepant event bothered many as they spent several minutes looking for the light to refract through the second boundary. Then finally, to their amazement, they looked through the third face of the block and could clearly see the ray. What happened? Why did light not refract through the second face?\n\n\nThe phenomenon observed in this part of the lab is known as total internal reflection. Total internal reflection, or TIR as it is intimately called, is the reflection of the total amount of incident light at the boundary between two medium. TIR is the topic of focus of Lesson 3.\n\nTo understand total internal reflection, we will begin with a thought experiment. Suppose that a laser beam is submerged in a tank of water (don't do this at home) and pointed upwards towards water-air boundary. Then suppose that the angle at which the beam is directed upwards is slowly altered, beginning with small angles of incidence and proceeding towards larger and larger angles of incidence. What would be observed in such an experiment? If we understand the principles of boundary behavior, we would expect that we would observe both reflection and refraction. And indeed, that is what is observed (mostly). But that's not the only observation which we could make. We would also observe that the intensity of the reflected and refracted rays do not remain constant. At angle of incidence close to 0 degrees, most of the light energy is transmitted across the boundary and very little of it is reflected. As the angle is increased to greater and greater angles, we would begin to observe less refraction and more reflection. That is, as the angle of incidence is increased, the brightness of the refracted ray decreases and the brightness of the reflected ray increases. Finally, we would observe that the angles of the reflection and refraction are not equal. Since the light waves would refract away from the normal (a case of the SFA principle of refraction), the angle of refraction would be greater than the angle of incidence. And if this is the case, the angle of refraction would also be greater than the angle of reflection (since the angles of reflection and incidence are the same). As the angle of incidence is increased, the angle of refraction would eventually reach a 90-degree angle. These principles are depicted in the diagram below.\n\n\nThe maximum possible angle of refraction is 90-degrees. If you think about it (a practice which always helps), you recognize that if the angle of refraction were greater than 90 degrees, then the refracted ray would lie on the incident side of the medium - that's just not possible. So in the case of the laser beam in the water, there is some specific value for the angle of incidence (we'll call it the "critical angle") which yields an angle of refraction of 90-degrees. This particular value for the angle of incidence could be calculated using Snell's Law (ni=1.33, nr=1.000, =90 degrees, = ???) and would be found to be 48.6 degrees. Any angle of incidence which is greater than 48.6 degrees would not result in any refraction. Instead, when the angles of incidence is greater than
213606
Electromagnetic radiation in the 1 to 1000 m wavelength range.
525538
Intensity varies as the square of the distance.\nThat should help
406118
All kinds of electromagnetic radiation reflect as light.\nSo do microwaves.\n\nTh
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Check out these sites. Or just google your topic.\n\nhttp://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/waves/U10L3b.html\nhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/physics/waves/reflectionrefractionanddiffractionrev1.shtml\nhttp://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/PY106/Reflection.html
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Most commonly observed optical effects (refraction, diffraction, reflection) are linear: if you double the amount of light at the source, the results observed also double. Similarly for decreases in the amount of light. There is a linear relationship between source intensity and observed intensity as the light passes through the optics (lens, mirrors, etc.).\n\nNon-linear optics don't behave that way at all. As the light intensity increases, the medium through which the light propagates (the optics) is stressed by the electrical or magnetic field (or both) of the light wave. This stress changes some physical property of the medium, such as its polarization or its refractive index, as a function of the light intensity. The result is a non-linear response of the material to the electromagnetic field of the light.\n\nThis can have some interesting consequences, such as the generation of harmonics of the original wavelength. It is this non-linear mechanism that allows a strong infrared, or near infrared, laser to be be frequency doubled or frequency tripled to produce coherent light at visible or ultraviolet wavelengths.
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you either need more information, or this is a trivial problem. \n\ni am assuming the two surfaces of the glass are parallel to each other, so it's not a prism or lens, but a thin flat plate.\n\ntreating it very simply, you could argue that energy is conserved, so the irradiance (which is energy per second per square meter) must be conserved.  the speed of light is fixed in air, so the "per second" part is fixed too.  if the glass surfaces are not angled with respect to each other, then the light leaves the glass taking up the same area that it went in with.  this means the irradiances are the same.\n\nthis is a simplistic physical model, though.  realistically, you will get some reflection at the air-glass interface, reflection at the glass-air interface, and some absorption (both in the air and in the glass).  you need a lot more details about the problem to say anything meaningful though.
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The angle of incidence will be equal to the angle of reflection. The beam should hit the mirror at a distance halfway between them. The angle (q) can then be computed\n\ntan(q) = y/x\n\nwhere y is half the distance between them and x is the distance to the mirror. This yields\n\ntan(q) = 2.5/3\n\nor \n\nq = 39.8 degrees
74114
The object can deflect, reflect or absorb it?
41723
how about adjusting the contrast/brightness settings first. 3M makes anti glare shields if needed. sunglasses would be cheaper.