i am doing a science project on air battery/saltwater battery.another name for it is elecrticity from air or salt water.i can not find alot of resources can you help please.
119670
http://www.camcorder-battery-bank.com
330791
Your concept of the linesman is correct, however, being immersed in a body of water is dangerous.  Lightning carries a far greater potential than that of what the linesman faces.  True, there is no conduction of current to ground, but the copter and the line must be equalized before contact can be made.  This is because of the state of "STATIC ELECTRICITY".  Energy that is "Static" is not moving.  Nevertheless, when it comes in contact with another object, one who's energy level is at a different potential, the energy no longer remains static.  The sudden rush of current will be felt.  That's why when you cross the rug and grab the door knob you get a shock.  You have a significantly higher potential than the door knob and when you touch it there is a rush of energy trying to equalize the differences.\n\nBeing in a pool at essentially zero volts and a crack of lightning hits close by, the ground and the water in the pool will charge up before dissipating the lightning strike, possibly leaving you dead.  Wouldn't that ruin your day?\n\nDuring lightning storms stay out of the pool or the tub, do not be running the sink and stay off the phone (cordless phones do not apply in this case as there is no direct wiring to the outside world).  There have been documented cases where persons on the phone have been struck in the head by lightning, again it's due to that equalization of energy levels thing.\n\nHey, even if everyone is wrong, wanna risk your life?  You could die in a tub if someone dropped something electrical in the water.  True, your assumption is that water conducts better than the human body, but that is a wrong assumption.  Pure water is an insulator.  It's the impurity in water that makes it conduct.  Our bodies are actually much better conductors of electricity.  Don't believe me?  Ask someone like an electric shop teacher.\n\nI hesitate to give you a test to try because of the danger of electrocution, but if I were at your house I could demonstrate in a matter of seconds that what I am saying is true.  But for the sake of not causing someone to try a potentially dangerous experiment I'll not be specific.\n\nHowever, if you must know, e-mail me and we can chat.  When I am confident of your ability to conduct the test safely then I will tell you how to do this.
147819
It is just the equalizing of electrical charge between two people or a person and a conductive object.\n\nFor example, if your dragging your feet on the carpet, you are building up a greater negative electrical charge on your body.  When you come in contact with someone who has less negative charge than you, nature tries to make everything equal by sharing some of your negative charge.  \n\nSimilar concept if you add saltwater to pure water, the mix shares the salt with the "less salty" water.  Now the pure water is more salty, but the salt water is less salty than it was.  Hope this helps.\n\nThe link below is a bit more complex, but explains the underlying priciples.
370604
Attach a bare wire to each terminal and dip the ends of both in salty water. Bubbles will form near the wires as the electricity breaks the water and salt molecules into their constituent gaseous elements. \n\nBy the way, with salty water you will get hydrogen and chlorine, but not oxygen. The salt is needed to make the water conduct electricity, but it also prevents you from getting oxygen gas from the water. You can do this experiment without the salt, but you will need WAY more than 9 volts. In that case you would get oxygen.
355760
Balance Your Body Chemistry.\n\nIf you've ever taken chemistry in high school you're familiar with this simple experiment to test the conductivity of salt. Two ends of an electrical wire are attached to a light bulb. The other ends are submerged in a glass of water. Because water alone is not conductive, the bulb does not light up. But when we add a little salt to the water the bulb starts to glow.\n\nIt's the same with our body. When we lack the natural elements in salt we suffer from a chronic energy deficit, or deficit of information. Salt is a core essential nutrient with exceptional abilities and qualities fundamental for keeping us alive.\n\nScience and medicine have tried to define the precise roles of salt in the healthy and diseased human organism. Blood, sweat, and tears all contain salt, and both the skin and the eyes are protected from infectious germs by the anti-bacterial effect of salt. When salt is added to a liquid, particles with opposite charges are formed: a positively charged sodium ion and a negatively charged chloride ion. This is the basis of osmosis which regulates fluid pressure within living cells and protects the body against excessive water loss (as in diarrhoea or on heavy sweating).  Sodium and chloride ions, as well as potassium ions, create a measurable difference in potential across cell membranes. This ensures that the fluid inside living cells remains separate from that outside. Thus, although the human body consists mainly of water, our "inner ocean" does not flow away or evaporate. Sodium ions create a high pressure of liquid in the kidneys and thus regulate their metabolic function. Water is extracted through the renal drainage system. The body thus loses a minimal amount of essential water. Out of 1500 litres of blood which pass daily through the kidneys, only about 1.5 litres of liquid leave the body as urine. \n\nSalt is "fuel" for nerves. Streams of positively and negatively charged ions send impulses to nerve fibres. A muscle cell will only contract if an impulse reaches it. Nerve impulses are partly propelled by co-ordinated changes in charged particles.
594670
The electrical discharge instantly spreads out over a large surface area of the conductor. Which is sea water. The amperage instantly diffuses over a large area sparing the fish.
126860
Did you ever wonder why the oceans are filled with salt water instead of fresh? Just where did the salt come from? And is it the same salt you find on a dining room table? Most of the salt in the oceans came from land. Over millions of years, rain, rivers, and streams have washed over rocks containing the compound sodium chloride (NaCl), and carried it into the sea. You may know sodium chloride by its common name: table salt! Some of the salt in the oceans comes from undersea volcanoes and hydrothermal vents. When water evaporates from the surface of the ocean, the salt is left behind. After millions of years, the oceans have developed a noticeably salty taste.\n\nDifferent bodies of water have different amounts of salt mixed in, or different salinities. Salinity is expressed by the amount of salt found in 1,000 grams of water. Therefore, if we have 1 gram of salt and 1,000 grams of water, the salinity is 1 part per thousand, or 1 ppt.\n\nThe average ocean salinity is 35 ppt. This number varies between about 32 and 37 ppt. Rainfall, evaporation, river runoff, and ice formation cause the variations. For example, the Black Sea is so diluted by river runoff, its average salinity is only 16 ppt.\n\nFreshwater salinity is usually less than 0.5 ppt. Water between 0.5 ppt and 17 ppt is called brackish. Estuaries (where fresh river water meets salty ocean water) are examples of brackish waters.\n\nMost marine creatures keep the salinity inside their bodies at about the same concentration as the water outside their bodies because water likes a balance. If an animal that usually lives in salt water were placed in fresh water, the fresh water would flow into the animal through its skin. If a fresh water animal found itself in the salty ocean, the water inside of it would rush out. The process by which water flows through a semi-permeable membrane (a material that lets only some things pass through it) such as the animal's skin from an area of high concentration (lots of water, little salt) to an area of low concentration (little water, lots of salt) is called osmosis.\n\nThis is also why humans (and nearly all mammals) cannot drink salt water. When you take in those extra salts, your body will need to expel them as quickly as possible. Your kidneys will try to flush the salts out of your body in urine, and in the process pump out more water than you are taking in. Soon you'll be dehydrated and your cells and organs will not be able to function properly.
659563
By itself, water is an unreactive substance by nature. So you cannot separate oxygen and hydrogen from the water molecules. However, there is only one ay in hich this canbe done: electrolysis.\n\nIt involves the passage of an electric current into a liquid, which naturally conducts electricity. Electrodes are used to pass the electric current. At both the electrodes, gases are evolved, depending upon the liquid.\n\nSome acid or alkali should be added to water for the evolution of gases, namely hydogen and oxygen at the electrodes.\n\n\n\nIt can be mass-produced, but the process is too costly. An application could be to use hydrogen in hydrogen powered cars to replace the more polluting petrol powered cars. \n\nMoreover, oxygen is also obtained by the fractional distillation of liquid air. It involves cooling air by decreasing the its pressure by placing them in special containers, capable of bearing atmospheric pressure. This process is more economical, compared to electrolysis. Liquid oxygen and hydrogen is used to power rockets in order to propel them into space. This process for the production of liquid oxygen and hydrogen is mass produced nowadays to power rocket and hydrogen powered cars. \n\nThanks
375457
it is called electrolysis\n2NaCl + 2H2O ----> 2NaOH  + H2 + Cl2
287651
Look at the acronym he uses -- hho.  What's another way to write that -- perhaps H2O -- which is water!\n\nThere have been many scams purporting to generate power by injecting water into a fuel supply, or a carburator, etc.  But they are SCAMS.  \n\nThe laws of thermodynamics make it impossible to get more energy out of a system than you put into it -- so you'd require more energy to electrolyze the water into hydrogen and oxygen than you could ever possibly get back by the recombination reaction, even in a perfectly designed system.
7150
Ionization occurs when air is exposed to high VOLTAGE, not high current. If you're going for cheap and easy, just put an ionizing air cleaner next to your aquarium's air pump.
533232
Best ones are the metal elements with "spare" electrons.\nGold\nSilver\nLead\nCopper\nIron\nEtc.\nPS Pure water doesn't conduct electricity - it's the impurities or trace elements that do the conducting
555426
You could use the batteries to electrolyse brine (ordinary table salt dissolved in water), causing chlorine and hydrogen gas to build up. If you could contain the hydrogen and chlorine somehow and let it build up to high pressure, you could let the pressure propel the rocket, or (if you allow air/oxygen in somehow) you could ignite the hydrogen.\n\nTry searching electrolysis on google for more info if you don't know what I'm talking about.
423863
Here is an idea.\nCompare power supplies by weight, volume and power density using various batteries.\n\nThere are many batteries on the market now, so it might be very educational for you and anyone looking at your project.\n\nConsider using the following batteries:\nLead acid battery\nLithium-ion battery\nLithium ion polymer battery\nNickel-cadmium battery\nNickel metal hydride battery\nMolten salt battery\nSilver-oxide battery\nWater-activated batteries used in radiosondes\n\nYou could compare different AA batteries of different types and costs.\n\nA good starting point for references on batteries is on Wikipedia:\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batteries\n\nYou might even be able to get a small prototype fuel cell if you ask to work with a battery manufacturer, a research company, or someone like NASA.\n\nYou should start thinking of what kind of a hypothesis you could write to kick of the experiment.  Hint: Don't worry if your experiment fails and you fail to prove your hypothesis. Sometimes the best experiments are failures!\n\nHope this helps!
349676
Are you thinking of a battery when you say chemical energy?\nI think that all batteries have an internal resistance (electrical resistance, that is).\n\nBut gasoline (for example) also contains chemical energy. I don't think that the concept of chemical energy is relevant for chemical energy in that sense.
378949
from my chemistry days we would use a 250 ml GLASS beaker and two GLASS testtubes to conduct electrolysis of water but it was only temporary the hydrogen would eventualy escape. now how to keep it pressurized is a little bit harder good luck finding that out.
362820
This is essentially correct as far as you have gotten.  The answer to the second part of the question is no.  Reduction of a water solution of CaCl2 will result in H2 being produced at the cathode because the reduction potential is much lower than that of the Ca+2 ion.