eath's speed around it self, around the sun , and sun speed toward to the zenith
125881
the earth's orbital speed is 67 000 miles per hour.
91977
the speed of the wind that pushes it along...
433718
The spped of light is 2.998 x 108 m/sec (299,800,000 m/s), and the distance between the Sun and Earth is approximately 150 million km or 93 million miles, if U do the math it will come down to 8 min. between the real sunrise and the moment we see it on Earth, so... YEAH, WHAT U SAY MAKES SENSE :D
89380
its done by counting how long it takes for light from the planet takes reach here. usually between a period of dark and light. same as the sun
423658
The surface speed of the Earth's rotation at the equator is 465.11 m/s, while the average orbital speed is 29783 m/s, a good 6 times faster.  The orbital circumference would be 2AU*pi, where AU is the astronomical unit, the distance from the Earth to the Sun, or 149597870691 m.  So the circumference is 2*149597870691*pi = 939951143084 m, or 584058562 miles, which is very close to your answer; you probably just rounded differently or used a different value for AU.
251225
The further North you are, the more northerly the path of the sun appears as the summer approaches. It would be "south of west" only if the earth was flat.
295952
It's relative to the plane of the Earth's orbit around the Sun, called the Ecliptic.
158817
for the earth to get closer to the sun, the sun would have to grow or somehow become heavier
345243
one revolution around the sun, this means the planet is traveling.  think of it like running on a track, the further in you are the faster you get around.  So it's time depends upon how far away it is from the sun.\nThis relates to your second question, the quicker you travel around the sun, the closer you are, the shorter day you have.
202828
The average distance from the Earth to the Sun is 149,597,890 km. Therefore in one year the Earth travels a distance of 2*Pi*(149,597,890)km. This means that the velocity is about: \n\nvelocity=2*Pi*(149,597,890)km/ year\n\nand if we convert that to more meaningful units (knowing there is 365 days in a year, and 24 hours per day) we get: \n\nvelocity=107,300 km/h (or if you prefer 67,062 miles per hour) \n\nSo the Earth moves at about 100,000 km/h around the Sun (which is 1000 times faster than the speeds we go at on a highway!)
626399
The sun isn't moving.\nThe sun appears to move east to west because Earth is rotating on its axis (actually, the earth is rotating on its axis, as well as rotating around the sun)
483815
Why shouldn't they be the same?  The distance between the Earth and the Sun doesn't change much in one day.  And even if you argue that the rotation of the Earth gives is a relative speed that should be added to (or substracted from) the speed of light, you're forgetting that the speed of light is a constant.  You can't add or remove anything to it.  If you're on a train going at the speed of light and you turn on a flashlight, the "total relative speed" of that light won't be twice the speed of light.\n\nAs for how can this speed me mesured, there's an experiment that uses mirrors and a laser.  Those flat mirrors are glued around a cylinder and they rotate.  (It could also be a rotating screen with holes in it.) When the mirror is positionned right, the light comes back to the laser.  Knowing the distance between the mirror and knowing the frequency of the rotation, we can calculate the speed of light by mesuring how much times it takes for the light to go to the mirror and come back.  TRY FIZEAU OR FOUCAULT ON GOOGLE.  He's the guy who did that.
498123
We have the ability now to measure the orbit of the Earth, and all other planets, to very high precision, and it is not getting closer to the Sun.\n\nYou can do a very rough measurement yourself. If the Earth gets closer to the Sun, the Sun will appear bigger in the sky. Measure it in photographs taken by the same telescope a year apart. \n\nAnother consideration is this. Currently, the Moon and Sun appear the same size in the sky, which produces spectacular total eclipses of the Sun. If the Earth got just a little closer to the Sun, the Moon would no longer be able to completely cover the Sun. So if total solar eclipses continue as usual, that is evidence the Earth is not getting any nearer to the Sun.
116604
The law you are referring to is the law of inertia, which is directly related to the laws of gravity.  The heat from the sun and it's gravitational pull are what "make the earth go round"
194944
Wow.  Too many questions.\nThe first one is answered by an analemna - it's the figure 8 diagram printed on many globes that gives the amount of time that the sun is "fast" or "slow" (by a sundial) compared to a watch.
607171
The sun DOESN'T know the ship is there, and it doesn't have to:  Gravity is a warping or deformation of the four-dimensional fabric of space-time, not an actual pulling.\n\nThe earth travels around the sun because the earth is actually travelling IN A STRAIGHT LINE in its "local" space.  The end result is an ellipse because the space around the sun is literally bent into a curved shape.\n\nSo, your ship can travel faster than light, but it can't travel faster than space -- which is to say, wherever it arrives after its hyperspace trip -- it IS where it IS and if the space is bent the ship will follow the contour of its local space regardless of how far it is from the source of the gravitational spacetime warping.  No information or "graviton" needs to actually travel from the ship to the sun.
109063
of course it's G, Uranus that wallows around the sun on it's side. Earth is 23.5.