I am Looking for scientific proof regarding the relationship between head injury and DAI (Diffuse Axon Injury) and or alzheimers
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The best place to find the current research on this is Medline (www.medline.com).  Put in the keywords for what you are looking for, and download the abstracts.  There is a lot of research on the relationship between stroke, head trauma, and AD.
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Some of the current research suggests that there is a link in Bipolar I and II and cognitive deficits.\nhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16469198&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum\nhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=abstractplus&list_uids=15117401&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_DocSum\nhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?itool=abstractplus&db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=abstractplus&list_uids=14754775\nhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=abstractplus&list_uids=16678909&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum\n\nIQ tests include confidence intervals.  These are meant to control for error, different evaluators, and other external variables (insomnia, test location, etc).  A 95% confidence interval means that your true score will fall within that range 95% of the time or 95 out of 100 times taking the test.  The confidence interval could range 10-15 points.  \nSo, if your IQ was 127 in a "normal" state, the 95% confidence interval may be 117-132.  Meaning, that 95% of the time, your IQ will fall within that range.  So, it is possible that your IQ coincidentally fell on the high end of that range when you were hypomanic, but somewhere in the middle or at the low range in "normal" states.
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femur, digital, and cerebellum
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You didn't hear wrong.  There is a Pick's disease which is similar to Alzheimer's in that it causes dementia, but it affects more specific parts of the brain than Alzheimers.  It is much less common than Alzheimer's but is still 10% or so of patients with dementia.\n\nI linked to WebMD so you can read more about it.
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http://www2.uchc.edu/~cns/head&neck/index.html\n\nhttp://www.med.yale.edu/caim/cnerves/
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Hey Scarletta, I know nobody with cerebral depreciation, but I wanted to write ya (you had no forwarding email here) to let you know that the Bob's Big Boy on Glenoaks (Glendale) IS a real Big Boy- go inside and look if you have any doubts. It's one of the real ones that've been in our neighborhood for a while.
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For two reasons.  First, brain injury tends to be major, not mild.  And diffuse brain injury is difficult to detect without specialized testing.\n\nIf you get hit on the head and turn into a vegetable, that is obvious injury.  But, if you get hit on the head and lose 10 IQ points, that isn't very noticeable just interacting with the person.  But, when they try to return to work and engage in other activities of daily living, they are impaired.  The source of the impairment isn't obvious and often has no neurological signs.  It takes a battery of tests to figure out what happened.\n\nHire an expert in this to support your case.
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The brain floats in a cushion of cerebral fluids and when a blow is strong enough to overcome the cushioning, the brain is diffusely affected; the whole brain is shocked. The brain can spend up to a week in hyper-metabolic activity, taking in many nutrients, before it recovers.
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http://adc.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/archdischild%3B79/1/56
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Here you go! Hope this helps.\n\nhttp://web.uvic.ca/~rburke/burkelab/neuraldevelopment.htm
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Cognitive dysfunction is common after a concussion.  (I have had several - 3 different car accidents, and one high school sports injury).  These should be taken very seriously.  \n\nA concussion is literally an injury to the brain.  It can take weeks to sometimes years to 'appear to fully recover' from a concussion.  However, medical research has shown that even after the patient feels 'completely normal', there has been some permanent loss of brain capacity.  This can be minimized by prompt and proper treatment.\n\nThe reason symptoms tend not to start until a day or two after the injury may be explained by the following.  The initial injury can damage some of the brain's cells.  These cells, if damaged enough, will recognize their damage and choose to commit a form of 'cell suicide' called Apoptosis.  Apoptosis is a mechanism damaged cells use to kill themselves 'as safely as possible'.  If the cell dies through other mechanisms, it causes the release of many damaging chemicals from the cells which then damage and kill surrounding cells.  This process 'spreads' the damage to uninjured cells.  Strokes are well known to spread damage in the brain by this process.\n\nTreatment?  The spread of damage by the dying off of the injured cells can be moderated by high levels of Antioxidants.  Antioxidants include nutritional substances such as:  Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Zinc, Selenium, Bioflavanoids, Lipoic Acid and Glutathione/NAC (NAC is a supplement of N-Acetyl-Cysteine which the body converts into glutathione).\n\nI would recommend you get to your local health food store and pick up a good quality 'Antioxidant' supplement and have your son take the maximum dosage every two hours (while awake).  I would also suggest he take extra Vitamin C (as much as he can tolerate without developing diarrhea).\n\nIf the supplement you get does not contain Lipoic acid and NAC, get these separately.  Again, take the maximum doses every two hours.\n\nLastly, I would take a quality mutlivitamin/mineral supplement.  "Nutrients work in Harmony" and a 'muliti' will help ensure all the nutrients needed for optimal healing are present.\n\nLast note:  Medical research shows an increased risk for long-term brain problems like Alzheimer's disease result from even mild concussions.  So, take seriously your son's injury, even if the medical doctor does not.\n\nBest wishes and good luck.\n\nP.S. I would also like to suggest an excellent book by one of the world's top Neurologists - David Perlmutter, M.D.  He is a recent recipient of the Linus Pauling Award in Medicine and teaches large numbers of medical doctors throught the U.S. about nutritional needs for brain problems.  The book is called:  "The Better Brain Book".  It is available at Amazon.com.
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The cause of Alzheimer’s disease is not known, but several theories of causality have been advanced. These theories propose genetic, environmental, viral, immunological, biochemical, and other causes for the disease.\nThe specific features of Alzheimer’s disease vary from individual to individual, but the general course of the disease is fairly consistent in most cases. The symptoms of the disease tend to be more severe at night. The first stage of Alzheimer’s disease is usually forgetfulness, accompanied by some anxiety and mild depression. This usually develops into a more serious loss of memory, especially of recent events, moderate spatial and temporal disorientation, loss of ability to concentrate, aphasia, and increased anxiety. This set of symptoms is usually followed by profound spatial and temporal disorientation, delusions, hallucinations, incontinence, general physical decline, and death.\n You may read these books for more information about the disease.\nEdwards, Allen. When Memory Fails. New York: Plenum, 1994.\nGregg, Daphna. Alzheimer’s Disease. Boston: Harvard Medical\nSchool Health Publications, 1994.
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brain damage\ncentral nervous system damage\nbody cannot tell it from calcium\n\nhistory channel on Romans
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Overall, the mechanisms of memory are not well understood. Brain areas such as the hippocampus, the amygdala, or the mammillary bodies are thought to be involved in specific types of memory. For example, the hippocampus is believed to be involved in spatial learning and declarative learning. Damage to certain areas in patients and animal models and subsequent memory deficits is a primary source of information. However, rather than implicating a specific area, it could be that damage to adjacent areas, or to a pathway traveling through the area is actually responsible for the observed deficit. Further, it is not sufficient to describe memory, and its counterpart, learning, as solely dependent on specific brain regions. Learning and memory are attributed to changes in neuronal synapses, thought to be mediated by long-term potentiation and long-term depression. Other scientists who have investigated the nature of memory, namely neurologists John Carew Eccles and Wilder Penfield and biologist Rupert Sheldrake, have suggested that memories are a field phenomenon and are not stored in the brain at all, but rather accessed through neurological structures.\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory#Physiology
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The evidence is not clear. Cases where several members of a single family have had autopsy-confirmed diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease are rare. Much more common is the situation where a single family member is diagnosed as having probably Alzheimer's (meaning that physicians are 80 to 90 percent certain that it is Alzheimer's).\n\nA person's risk of developing the disease seems to be slightly higher if a first-degree relative (brother, sister, parent) has the disease. This situation is called "familial," which means there could be a genetic factor involved, or perhaps family members were exposed to something in the environment that caused the disease.\n\nAnybody can develop Alzheimer's disease. However, a person who has a parent or sibling with the disease carries a greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease than people who have no family history of the disease. Yet, it can also strike only one member of a family. Since many factors affect the development of the disease, having Alzheimer's disease in the family is a risk factor, but it doesn't mean you will develop the disease.
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first of all let me say that i'm very sorry to hear about your friend.\n\nmost people with brain stem injuries unfortunately do not survive. this is the "control center" for our brains and is responsible for most everything our bodies do. \n\nmost cases of brain injuries i've seen (i work in trauma icu) don't have promising outcomes. the brain swells, and if there is no skull fracture-the swelling has nowhere to go but down the neck, which involves the brain stem and the brain "suffocates" itself due to the swelling. \n\nmore than likely, a ct scan and mri will be done on your friend to determine the amount of brain activity-if there is none-they will more than likely be declared brain dead and family will be consulted on what decision to make.
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No, but having a brain injury could possibly cause someone to become mentally ill.  A brain injury is when trauma occurs to one or more brain regions and would usually result in behavioural changes.  This could be pretty much anything from a change in personality, memory deficits and motor inabilities (problems with physical behaviours-shaking hands for example) to name a few.  However these changes do not mean the person is mentally ill.  Alternatively, the trauma could result in damage to brain neurons causing malfunctions in the release of neurotransmitters.  This may lead to the person becoming depressed or experiencing some form of psychosis, which would likely be able to be controlled to a point with medication, depending on the severity of the damage.  It is also possible that the person may suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) if their brain damage resulted from a serious accident.  On the whole though brain damage does not often result in mental illness.  Contrary to one of the previous answers, as you have already read in my answer, many mental illnesses do stem from malfunctions in the brain, although these do not need to be caused by damage.  Schizophrenia and serious depression are 2-these can be caused by malfunctions of neurotransmitters (depression is believed to be caused by an ineffective use of serotonin in the brain, for example) and are often treated with medication.  If mental illness was purely psychological and not biological, medication wouldnt work would it?! Use of most illegal drugs (Heroin, Cocaine, LSD, Ecstacy) can also cause mental illness over time through destroying brain regions and depleting neurotransmitter levels. Anxiety disorders can be also treated with medication-I'm sure you get what I'm saying about how biological mental illness often is!\nAs for the last part of your question, Alzheimers disease can often make elderly people confused about 'time'-they may believe they are only 25 years old when indeed they are 70.  This is because the disease affects (among others) the brain region known as the hippocampus, which is closely related to memory. \nAbuse could make someone act much younger than they are because they feel as though their childhood was stolen and hasn't yet been lived-this is prominent in sexual abuse, where the individuals were forced to partake in very adult behaviours as a child.   \nI hope this all makes sense for you!  All the best!