do x rays penetrate earth's atmosphere?
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The Earth's atmosphere is thick enough that virtually no X-rays are able to penetrate from outer space all the way to the Earth's surface. This is good for us but also bad for astronomy - we have to put X-ray telescopes and detectors on satellites! We cannot do X-ray astronomy from the ground.
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Gamma rays and X-rays are two forms of longwave radiation emitted by the earth. Hotter objects radiate energy at shorter wavelengths. The energy radiated by the sun is referred to as longwave radiation.
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The atmosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation and reducing temperature extremes between day and night. The atmosphere has no abrupt cut-off. It slowly becomes thinner and fades away into space. There is no definite boundary between the atmosphere and outer space.
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The electromagnetic waves with the highest energy can penetrate and damage the cells of living things. These include ultraviolet radiation, x-ray radiation, and gamma radiation. Although some UV radiation reaches the surface of Earth, the atmosphere of Earth blocks all x-ray and gamma radiation.
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The Earth's atmosphere stops most Gamma Rays. It is "as thick to gamma-rays as a twelve-foot thick plate of aluminum". The Gamma Rays that make it to our atmosphere and impact another particle are absorbed. Secondary particles are produced in this interaction, and these particles can be more penetrating and damaging.
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A large fraction of astronomical gamma rays are screened by Earth's atmosphere. Gamma rays are ionizing radiation and are thus biologically hazardous. Due to their high penetration power, they can damage bone marrow and internal organs.
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The two forms of electromagnetic radiation that penetrate the atmosphere best are: visible and radio waves.
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There are two types of X-ray generated: characteristic radiation and bremsstrahlung radiation.
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An X-ray, or X-radiation, is a penetrating form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 10 picometres to 10 nanometres, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×1015 Hz to 3×1018 Hz) and energies in the range 124 eV to 124 keV.
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The ionizing radiation released during solar flares includes x-rays and gamma rays. These rays of ionizing radiation can damage satellites because they are in space and are not protected by the Earth's atmosphere.
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Gamma radiation is the most penetrating. It can penetrate air, paper or thin metal.
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As with other forms of electromagnetic radiation, X-rays can be described as coupled waves of electric and magnetic fields traveling at the speed of light (about 300,000 km, or 186,000 miles, per second).
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The only difference between the two is that the frequency of X-rays is very much higher than radio waves. If, on the other hand, the radio waves or X-rays are propagating through a medium other than the vacuum, their speed will generally be less than c and will depend upon the specific properties of the medium.
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The 21 cm spectral line appears within the radio spectrum (in the L band of the UHF band of the microwave window to be exact). Electromagnetic energy in this range can easily pass through the Earth's atmosphere and be observed from the Earth with little interference.
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The atmosphere helps to protect living organisms from genetic damage by solar ultraviolet radiation, solar wind and cosmic rays. The current composition of the Earth's atmosphere is the product of billions of years of biochemical modification of the paleoatmosphere by living organisms.
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Stars like our Sun emit most of their light in which part of the electromagnetic spectrum? The two forms of electromagnetic radiation that penetrate the atmosphere best are: visible and radio waves.
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X-ray imaging begins with a beam of high energy electrons crashing into a metal target and x-rays are produced. A filter near the x-ray source blocks these low energy rays, which means only the high energy rays pass through a patient toward a sheet of photographic film. X-ray can penetrate liquids, gas and solids.