what is the function of the epicranius muscle?
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The epicranial muscle, also called the epicranius, consists of two sections and covers the forehead, top, and upper-rear portion of the skull. The frontalis section controls movement of the forehead and eyebrows, thus enabling forehead wrinkling.
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Function. The facial muscles differ widely from the other skeletal muscles because they do not move joints but instead the skin. The muscles of the mouth are mainly responsible for the elevation and depression of the angle of the mouth, upper and lower lips and the opening and closure of the mouth.
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In more detail, the actions are, by joint: Proximal radioulnar joint of the elbow – The biceps brachii function as a powerful supinator of the forearm, i.e. it turns the palm upwards. ... When flexed, the biceps effectively pulls the radius back into its neutral supinated position in concert with the supinator muscle.
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It originates from the maxilla, attaching superolateral to the incisive fossa. Its fibers then course superomedially, expanding into a thin aponeurosis at the bridge of the nose. Via this aponeurosis, the muscle inserts at the dorsum of the nose by blending with its counterpart from the opposite side.
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The medulla oblongata serves as the integration center for ventilation and sends neural signals to the respiratory muscles, thus increasing ventilation. Increased ventilation decreases carbon dioxide and increases oxygen in the body, thus restoring homeostasis.
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Postganglionic fibers enter the eyeball and innervate the ciliary muscle, which thickens the lens, and the pupillary constrictor, which narrows the pupil. - the parasympathetic function of the oculomotor nerve (III) is to Regulate the shape of the lens for vision and the diameter of the pupil.
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The cerebellum controls motor reflexes and is, therefore, involved in balance and muscle coordination. The brainstem connects and transmits signals from the brain to the spinal cord, controlling functions such as breathing, heart rate, and alertness.
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The pons also serves to connect the cerebral cortex to the medulla oblongata via the cerebral peduncles. The pons is involved in many autonomic and sensory functions including arousal, respiratory processes, fine motor control, equilibrium, muscle tone, and the Circadian cycle (specifically regulating sleep).
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Also known as the compressor naris, the nasalis muscle is located within the nose. It works like a sphincter, or ring-like muscle. The muscle works as its alternative name suggests: to compress nasal cartilage. Also, it depresses the tip of the nose while it elevates the nostril's corners.
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Function. The main action of ciliary muscle is changing the shape of the lens which occurs during the accommodation reflex. In addition, when contracting, the longitudinal fibers of ciliary muscle widen the iridocorneal space and canal of Schlemm which facilitates the draining of eye fluid.
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The main action of zygomaticus major is to pull the angle of the mouth superolaterally. In coordination with other buccolabial muscles, it facilitates speech and creates facial expressions. Along with risorius, zygomaticus major contributes to laughing, which is why they are deemed the “laughing muscles”.
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The temporalis muscle runs superficially, from the temporal bone to the coronoid process of mandible. The main function of this muscle is to produce the movements of the mandible at the temporomandibular joint and thus facilitate the act of mastication.
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The branchiomeric muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls facial expression, pharyngeal and laryngeal function, operating the jaw. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.
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The cerebellum is involved in the following functions: Maintenance of balance and posture. The cerebellum is important for making postural adjustments in order to maintain balance.
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The cerebellum, in the back of the brain, controls balance, coordination and fine muscle control (e.g., walking). It also functions to maintain posture and equilibrium.
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The function of the serratus anterior muscle is to allow the forward rotation of the arm and to pull the scapula forward and around the rib cage. The scapula is able to move laterally due to the serratus anterior muscle, which is vital for the elevation of the arm.
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Function. A unilateral contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle flexes the cervical vertebral column to the same side (lateral flexion) and rotates the head to the opposite side. A bilateral contraction elevates the head by dorsally extending the upper cervical joints.