what are cofactors in biology?
315349
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's activity as a catalyst, a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction. Cofactors can be considered "helper molecules" that assist in biochemical transformations.
1169402
A cofactor is the number you get when you remove the column and row of a designated element in a matrix, which is just a numerical grid in the form of a rectangle or a square.
987609
In molecular biology, transcription factor DP (Dimerization Partner) is a family of proteins which function as transcription factors. DP forms a heterodimer with E2F and regulates genes involved in cell cycle progression.
421891
The B vitamins are: Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Niacin (B3), Pantothenic Acid (B5), Pyridoxine (B6), Biotin (B7), Folate/Folic acid (B9) and Cobalamin (B12). What it does: Thiamine is an important cofactor in breaking down carbohydrates. It helps with protein synthesis and the production of neurotransmitters.
1298263
['Promoter – a nucleotide sequence that enables a gene to be transcribed. ... ', 'Operator – a segment of DNA to which a repressor binds. ... ', 'Structural genes – the genes that are co-regulated by the operon.']
1184724
Coenzymes are organic molecules and quite often bind loosely to the active site of an enzyme and aid in substrate recruitment, whereas cofactors do not bind the enzyme. Cofactors are "helper molecules" and can be inorganic or organic in nature.
1046215
Chemical reactions that occur in biological systems are referred to as metabolism. Metabolism includes the breakdown of substances (catabolism), the formation of new products (synthesis or anabolism), or the transferring of energy from one substance to another.
835516
A cofactor is a non- protein chemical compound that is bound to a protein and is required for the protein's biological activity. These proteins are commonly enzymes. Cofactors can be considered “helper molecules” that assist in biochemical transformations. ... Organic cofactors are often vitamins or are made from vitamins.
1032667
REACTION CATALYSED BY DHFR. THE REACTANT SUBSTRATE IS DHF (DIHYDROFOLATE), THE + PRODUCT SUBSTRATE IS THF (TETRAHYDROFOLATE) AND COFACTOR IS NADPH/NADP (NICOTINAMIDE 4 ADENINE DINUCLEUTIDE PHOSPHATE.
590824
Proteins have a variety of function in cells. Major functions include acting as enzymes, receptors, transport molecules, regulatory proteins for gene expression, and so on. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up a chemical reaction without being permanently altered.
1352850
Cytochromes are proteins containing heme as a cofactor. ... Cytochrome function is linked to the reversible redox change from ferrous (Fe(II)) to the ferric (Fe(III)) oxidation state of the iron found in the heme core.
859901
The proteins regulates the enzymes present in an organism.
189640
A transcriptional activator is a protein (transcription factor) that increases gene transcription of a gene or set of genes. Most activators are DNA-binding proteins that bind to enhancers or promoter-proximal elements.
945847
Cofactors serve the same purpose as coenzymes, as they regulate, control, and adjust how fast these chemical reactions would respond and take effect in our body. The big difference is that coenzymes are organic substances, while cofactors are inorganic.
196432
A sigma factor (σ factor or specificity factor) is a protein needed for initiation of transcription in bacteria. It is a bacterial transcription initiation factor that enables specific binding of RNA polymerase (RNAP) to gene promoters.
67365
['Junctions – Serve to connect and join two cells together.', 'Enzymes – Fixing to membranes localises metabolic pathways.', 'Transport – Responsible for facilitated diffusion and active transport.', 'Recognition – May function as markers for cellular identification.']
1128413
Oxygen and glucose represent the reactants, while carbon dioxide, water, and energy represent the products. Reactants are the molecules that combine to start the reaction. Products are those molecules produced during cellular respiration. ... Carbohydrates are high-energy molecules that are made from glucose subunits.