what is in a hydrogen fuel cell?
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A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, with water and heat as by-products. In its simplest form, a single fuel cell consists of two electrodes - an anode and a cathode - with an electrolyte between them.
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Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly flammable diatomic gas with the molecular formula H2. With an atomic weight of 1.
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["It is readily available. As mentioned earlier, hydrogen is a basic earth element and it's very abundant. ... ", "It doesn't produce harmful emissions. ... ", 'It is environmentally friendly. ... ', 'It can be used as fuel in rockets. ... ', 'It is fuel efficient. ... ', 'It is renewable. ... ', 'It is expensive. ... ', 'It is difficult to store.']
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['Hydrogen is used in: hydrogen fuel, weather balloons and it creates water.', 'Lithium is used in: Batteries, in the form of lithium carbonate it is used to control certain mental disorders and glass.']
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['Hydrogen (H)', 'Helium (He)', 'Lithium (Li)', 'Beryllium (Be)', 'Boron (B)', 'Carbon (C)', 'Nitrogen (N)', 'Oxygen (O)']
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Proton is an ionised hydrogen atom. A hydrogen atom is made up of one proton (present in the nucleus) and one electron (present outside nucleus). During ionisation of hydrogen atom, the electron is lost. Hence, only proton is left out.
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A fuel cell is a device that converts chemical potential energy (energy stored in molecular bonds) into electrical energy. A PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) cell uses hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2) as fuel. The products of the reaction in the cell are water, electricity, and heat.
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['Hydrogen (H)', 'Nitrogen (N)', 'Oxygen (O)', 'Fluorine (F)', 'Chlorine (Cl)', 'Helium (He)', 'Neon (Ne)', 'Argon (Ar)']
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The system works by introducing small amounts of very pure, very powerful hydrogen directly into the inlet chamber where it combines with the fuel-air mixture. The resulting hydrogen-fuel-air mix – which has a cooler burn that's faster than a conventional mix – creates a more complete combustion cycle.
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The simple answer is that in a battery the chemical reactions that produce the electrical current are produced from materials that are already in the battery itself, whereas in a fuel cell, the reactants, almost always Hydrogen and Oxygen are fed to the cell like an external fuel.
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Until recently, the platinum catalyst that splits the hydrogen into an ion and an electron has been prohibitively expensive. Up to a few years ago, hydrogen fuel cells cost around $1000 for every kilowatt of power they generated – or around $100,000 per car.
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However, current best processes for water electrolysis have an effective electrical efficiency of 70-80%, so that producing 1 kg of hydrogen (which has a specific energy of 143 MJ/kg or about 40 kWh/kg) requires 50–55 kWh of electricity.
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Hydrogen has a proton and an electron. They are not the same as each other but they are the same as the same-named particles found in every other element.
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3. Fuel cell life cycle and value chain. As a new energy technology, fuel cells have not yet significantly penetrated the energy market. Cost, durability, and reliability are the main challenges in the commercialization of fuel cells.
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Liquefied hydrogen has been used primarily as a rocket fuel for combustion with oxygen or fluorine, and as a propellant for nuclear-powered rockets and space vehicles. (H), a colourless, odourless, tasteless, flammable gaseous substance that is the simplest member of the family of chemical elements.
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Palladium is one of a number of metals starting to be used in the fuel cells to power a host of things including cars and buses. Palladium is also widely used in catalytic reactions in industry, such as in hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, as well as in jewellery and in dental fillings and crowns.
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The simplest method to obtain hydrogen by electrolysis is the hydrolysis of water. This method can be used to obtain pure oxygen and hydrogen in the laboratory.