what are the causes of metabolic bone disease?
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Metabolic bone diseases are disorders of bone strength usually caused by abnormalities of minerals (such as calcium or phosphorus), vitamin D, bone mass or bone structure, with osteoporosis being the most common.
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Kidney disease also leads to an increase in production of parathyroid hormone. This also leads to too much phosphate in your body. The phosphate builds up in your body and binds to calcium. This causes your calcium levels to decrease, which may weaken your bones.
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Metabolic bone disease usually requires immediate oral calcium supplementation, rehydration with fluids, nutritional support, treatment with injectable vitamin D3, and injections of calcitonin (a drug which helps re-deposit calcium back into bearded dragons' bones).
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Your body needs some phosphate to strengthen your bones and teeth, produce energy, and build cell membranes. Yet in larger-than-normal amounts, phosphate can cause bone and muscle problems and increase your risk for heart attacks and strokes. A high phosphate level is often a sign of kidney damage.
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Osteoporosis Causes. Simply put, osteoporosis occurs when your body absorbs more bone than it produces. In other words, your bones lose density, become weak, and are prone to fractures. This process isn't the sole cause of osteoporosis; there are other factors that contribute to and exacerbate the onset of the disease.
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Rickets. Rickets is a bone disease in children that causes bowed legs and other bone deformities. Children with rickets do not get enough calcium, phosphorus, or Vitamin D—all of which are important for healthy growing bones.
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Adynamic bone disease (ABD) is a variety of renal osteodystrophy characterized by reduced osteblasts and osteoclasts, no accumulation of osteoid and markedly low bone turnover.
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The most common cause of rickets is a lack of vitamin D or calcium in a child's diet. Both are essential for children to develop strong and healthy bones. Sources of vitamin D are: sunlight – your skin produces vitamin D when it's exposed to the sun, and we get most of our vitamin D this way.
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['Osteoporosis and fractures of the hip, wrist and spine.', 'Low magnesium levels.', 'Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (severe diarrhea that can contain blood or pus)', 'Kidney disease and kidney failure due to acute interstitial nephritis (AIN)', 'Vitamin B12 deficiency.']
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Chronic kidney failure is the most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Failing kidneys do not convert enough vitamin D to its active form, and they do not adequately excrete phosphate. When this happens, insoluble calcium phosphate forms in the body and removes calcium from the circulation.
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Bone loss and fracture risk are implicated in inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
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['Heart disease and stroke.', 'High blood pressure.', 'Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)', 'Sleep apnea.', 'Type 2 diabetes.']
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There are many causes of osteoporosis. Not only do bones lose density with age, medications used to treat breast cancer, arthritis, asthma, Crohn's disease and Addison's disease can also lower bone density. Some illnesses such as hyperthyroidism, hypopituaritism and eating disorders also cause bones to lose strength.
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Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing your risk of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. These conditions include increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels.
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Metabolic acidosis can be caused by acid accumulation due to increased acid production or acid ingestion; decreased acid excretion; or GI or renal bicarbonate (HCO3−) loss.
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a common condition associated with metabolic syndrome. It is the most common cause of elevated liver enzymes in U.S. adults, and is diagnosed after ruling out other causes of steatosis (fatty infiltration of liver), particularly infectious hepatitis and alcohol abuse.
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an important contributor to the bone remodeling process. High levels of PTH can activate osteoclasts and cause excessive bone breakdown. Calcium in your blood triggers the release of PTH. Low calcium levels in the blood, or hypocalcemia, can cause high levels of PTH.