is anhydrous ammonia used in refrigeration?
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Anhydrous ammonia is a clear liquid that boils at a temperature of -28°F. In refrigeration systems, the liquid is stored in closed containers under pressure. When the pressure is released, the liquid evaporates rapidly, generally forming an invisible vapor or gas. ... This is why ammonia is used in refrigeration systems.
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Ammonia, NH3, is a chemical compound composed of one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms. Ammonia is a colorless gas that is lighter than air, and can be easily liquefied.
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Anhydrous ammonia gas is lighter than air and will rise, so that generally it dissipates and does not settle in low-lying areas. However, in the presence of moisture (such as high relative humidity), the liquefied anhydrous ammonia gas forms vapors that are heavier than air.
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How is ammonia used? About 80% of the ammonia produced by industry is used in agriculture as fertilizer. Ammonia is also used as a refrigerant gas, for purification of water supplies, and in the manufacture of plastics, explosives, textiles, pesticides, dyes and other chemicals.
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Ammonia is also used as a refrigerant gas, for purification of water supplies, and in the manufacture of plastics, explosives, textiles, pesticides, dyes and other chemicals. It is found in many household and industrial-strength cleaning solutions.
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In particular, HCFCs are now used as refrigerants (in refrigerators, freezers and air conditioning systems) and also in insulative foams. The use of HCFCs as solvents is now being phased out in developed countries and has been banned in the UK since 2001. Their use in general is also being phased out.
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Primary refrigerants are those fluids, which are used directly as working fluids, for example in vapour compression and vapour absorption refrigeration systems. ... As the name implies, secondary refrigerants are those liquids, which are used for transporting thermal energy from one location to other.
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For decades, Freon, also known as HCFC-22 and R-22, was the main refrigerant chemical used in residential air conditioning units and heat pumps. ... The good news is that new air conditioning systems made since 2010 no longer rely on Freon. Most newer AC units use a refrigerant called R410A, or Puron.
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Modern refrigerators usually use a refrigerant called HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane), which does not deplete the ozone layer, instead of Freon. ... Newer refrigerants are being used instead. The main refrigerant now used is R-600a, or isobutane which has a smaller effect on the atmosphere if released.
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Forane® 22 refrigerant (R-22) is used in a broad range of applications, including residential and commercial air conditioning, refrigeration, chillers, room air conditioning, heat pumps, transport refrigeration, and other comfort cooling and refrigeration applications.
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Sub-Zero uses separate evaporators and compressors for the refrigerators and freezers. This means there is no sharing of air between the two units. Refrigerators maintain their own moist, cool air while the freezer locks in its own dry air.
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When used as a refrigerant gas and in air-conditioning equipment, ammonia can absorb substantial amounts of heat from its surroundings. Ammonia can be used to purify water supplies and as a building block in the manufacture of many products including plastics, explosives, fabrics, pesticides and dyes.
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Ammonia–water complexes, where NH3 molecules are weakly hydrogen-bonded to surface water molecules are found on the surface of aqueous ammoniacal solutions [3687]. Ammonia is very soluble in water (it is the most soluble gas) where it reacts to form ammonium ions and hydroxide ions at appropriate pH.
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The most common use of dry ice is to preserve food, using non-cyclic refrigeration. It is frequently used to package items that must remain cold or frozen, such as ice cream or biological samples, without the use of mechanical cooling.
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In contrast, an adsorption chiller—which is made up of an evaporator, two adsorption chambers, and a condenser—warms the gas back to a liquid without using any moving parts. ... The gel also lowers the humidity inside the evaporator, which allows the water refrigerant to evaporate at a low temperature.
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Ammonium hydroxide is very volatile and may release anhydrous ammonia as a gas. Ammonia vapor, in concentrations of 16-25% volume by weight in air, is flammable, toxic by inhalation and corrosive.
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These physical properties make them ideal for use as refrigerant gases in air conditioners, freezers and refrigerators. Their low boiling points also make them ideal for blowing agents for foam plastics, allowing the foam to expand as the liquid CFC boils.