what causes low serum calcium levels?
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Hypocalcemia (Low Level of Calcium in the Blood) In hypocalcemia, the calcium level in blood is too low. A low calcium level may result from a problem with the parathyroid glands, as well as from diet, kidney disorders, or certain drugs.
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A serum calcium blood test measures the total calcium in your blood. There are several different forms of calcium in your blood. These include ionized calcium, calcium bound to other minerals called anions, and calcium bound to proteins like albumin. Ionized calcium, also known as free calcium, is the most active form.
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Lack of Vitamin D will lead to poor calcium and phosphate absorption, and problems with muscle strength and balance. There will be a consequent 15-30% increase in PTH secretion, leading to increased bone absorption and osteoporosis risk. Serum calcium and phosphate levels will be normal.
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One common situation is hypoalbuminemia. Since a significant portion of calcium circulates bound to albumin, low serum albumin levels may result in a low serum total calcium despite normal ionized calcium levels.
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It may be used to treat conditions caused by low calcium levels such as bone loss (osteoporosis), weak bones (osteomalacia/rickets), decreased activity of the parathyroid gland (hypoparathyroidism), and a certain muscle disease (latent tetany).
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If your body doesn't get enough calcium and vitamin D to support important functions, it takes calcium from your bones. This is called losing bone mass. Losing bone mass makes the inside of your bones become weak and porous. This puts you at risk for the bone disease osteoporosis.
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An extremely low calcium level may cause tingling (often in the lips, tongue, fingers, and feet), muscle aches, spasms of the muscles in the throat (leading to difficulty breathing), stiffening and spasms of muscles (tetany), seizures, and abnormal heart rhythms.
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Pets with abnormally high calcium levels may show signs of weakness, listlessness, increased drinking and urination, and loss of appetite. In some pets, prolonged hypercalcemia may contribute to formation of bladder or kidney stones.
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Too much calcium in your blood can weaken your bones, create kidney stones, and interfere with how your heart and brain work. Hypercalcemia is usually a result of overactive parathyroid glands.
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Symptoms of Hypocalcemia: The most common sign of hypocalcemia is what is called "neuromuscular irritability." Your nerves and muscles, which are directly related to blood calcium levels, may spasm or twitch. If your blood test results indicate hypocalcemia, you may notice muscle cramps in your legs or your arms.
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A low calcium level may result from a problem with the parathyroid glands, as well as from diet, kidney disorders, or certain drugs.
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Calcitriol then stimulates increased absorption of dietary calcium by the intestines. ... Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels when they drop too low. Conversely, calcitonin, which is released from the thyroid gland, decreases blood calcium levels when they become too high.
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What causes a vitamin D deficiency? A deficiency in vitamin D can result from inadequate exposure to sunlight, inefficient production in the skin, not enough vitamin D in your diet, and health conditions that can affect it including, gastrointestinal disorders, renal diseases, and liver diseases.
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Hyperparathyroidism can cause a range of problems, such as kidney stones, pancreatitis, bone mineral loss, decreased kidney function, duodenal ulcer, itching, and muscle weakness.
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PTH raises calcium levels by releasing calcium from your bones and increasing the amount of calcium absorbed from your small intestine. When blood-calcium levels are too high, the parathyroid glands produce less PTH . But sometimes one or more of these glands produce too much hormone.
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A) Parathyroid hormone is the single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood. B) High calcium levels cause bone resorption.
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The hormone calcitonin, which is produced by the parafollicular (or C) cells of the thyroid, has the opposite effect on blood calcium levels as PTH. Calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclasts, stimulating osteoblasts, and stimulating calcium excretion by the kidneys.