what is the second stage of the calvin cycle?
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In the second stage, ATP and NADPH are used to convert the 3-PGA molecules into molecules of a three-carbon sugar, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). This stage gets its name because NADPH donates electrons to, or reduces, a three-carbon intermediate to make G3P.
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During the first stage, the energy from sunlight is absorbed by the chloroplast. Water is used, and oxygen is produced during this part of the process. During the second stage, carbon dioxide is used, and glucose is produced.
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These reactions take the products (ATP and NADPH) of light-dependent reactions and perform further chemical processes on them. [The Calvin cycle uses the reducing powers ATP and NADPH from the light dependent reactions to produce sugars for the plant to use.
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['Step 1-Light Dependent. CO2 and H2O enter the leaf.', 'Step 2- Light Dependent. Light hits the pigment in the membrane of a thylakoid, splitting the H2O into O2.', 'Step 3- Light Dependent. The electrons move down to enzymes.', 'Step 4-Light Dependent. ... ', 'Step 5-Light independent. ... ', 'Step 6-Light independent. ... ', 'calvin cycle.']
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The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma and uses the ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to fix carbon dioxide, producing three-carbon sugars—glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, or G3P, molecules. The Calvin cycle converts ATP to ADP and Pi, and it converts NADPH to NADP+.
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The Calvin cycle is the light-independent reactions use to turn carbon dioxide into glucose. The Calvin cycle is the light-independent reactions use to turn carbon dioxide into glucose.
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Converting Carbon Dioxide and Water Into Glucose In the most general sense, the primary function of the Calvin cycle is to make organic products that plants need using the products from the light reactions of photosynthesis (ATP and NADPH).
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The light-independent reactions of the Calvin cycle can be organized into three basic stages: fixation, reduction, and regeneration. Figure: The Calvin Cycle: The Calvin cycle has three stages. In stage 1, the enzyme RuBisCO incorporates carbon dioxide into an organic molecule, 3-PGA.
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The Krebs Cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle) and the Calvin Cycle are both biochemical pathways found in nature. ... The Kreb's Cycle produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and carbon dioxide while the Calvin Cycle uses ATP and carbon dioxide to fuel the process.
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The Krebs cycle is the second of three stages of cellular respiration, in which glucose, fatty acids and certain amino acids, the so-called fuel molecules, are oxidized (see Figure). The oxidation of these molecules is primarily used to transform the energy contained in these molecules into ATP.
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Reactions of the Calvin cycle The Calvin cycle reactions can be divided into three main stages: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of the starting molecule.
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['photosynthesis. reactant: light, carbon dioxide, water. ... ', 'light dependent cycle. reactant: light, water, NADP+, ADP, phosphate. ... ', 'calvin cycle. reactant: carbon dioxide, NADPH, ATP. ... ', 'cellular respiration. reactant: glucose, oxygen. ... ', 'glycolysis. ... ', 'krebs cycle. ... ', 'electron transport chain.']
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stage 2 (ETC) (electron transport chain) - (this stage happens after the Kreb's Cycle) if oxygen is present, Hydrogen ions are pumped into inner mitochondrial compartment (this is active transport) Hydrogen ions diffuse back out through a carrier protein giving energy to make ATP (passive transport) Each time a H+ ion ...
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Summary of Stage II The Calvin cycle takes over where the light reactions end. It uses chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH (from the light reactions) and carbon dioxide from the air to produce glucose, the molecule that virtually all organisms use for food.
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The eight steps of the cycle are a series of chemical reactions that produces two carbon dioxide molecules, one ATP molecule (or an equivalent), and reduced forms (NADH and FADH2) of NAD+ and FAD+, important coenzymes in the cell.
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ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions are used in the Calvin cycle to reduce carbon dioxide to sugar. ... Carbon enters the Calvin cycle as CO2 and leaves as sugar. • ATP is the energy source, while NADPH is the reducing agent that adds high-energy electrons to form sugar.
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The light reactions provide the Calvin cycle with oxygen for carbon fixation, and the Calvin cycle provides the light reactions with sugars to produce ATP. The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle provides water and electrons to the light reactions.