what are protonema in plants?
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A protonema (plural: protonemata) is a thread-like chain of cells that forms the earliest stage (the haploid phase) of the life cycle of mosses. ... Moss spores germinate to form an algae-like filamentous structure called the protonema. It represents the juvenile gametophyte.
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Marssonina leaf spot is caused by a fungus and infects aspens, cottonwoods, and other poplars. Leaves develop brown spots that later turn black. ... Rarely, the fungus can also infect branches causing dieback. The disease survives on fallen leaves and can re-infect the tree year after year.
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Peperomia plants lose leaves when they are over watered. Allow the top 50% of the soil to dry out before you water. Over-watering, resulting in root-rot, is the main cause of serious peperomia plant problems. ... This technique keeps the leaves dry and helps prevent plant diseases.
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If the brown or black spots are on the underside with a corresponding yellow splotch on the top of the leaves, suspect rust, a fungal infection. Caused by Puccinia menthae, mint rust mainly infects peppermint and spearmint. Destroy infected mint plants.
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['Chloroplasts. Site of photosynthesis. ... ', 'Central vacuole. A large vacuole found in older plant cells. ... ', 'Cell wall. Outer layer of plant cells. ... ', 'Plasmodesmata. Channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjoining cells.', 'Tonoplast. Membrane enclosing the central vacuole.']
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Phytophthora root rot is a fungal disease that mimics the appearance of drought, causing plant leaves to turn dull green or yellow. Some leaves may also be tinged with red or purple. Root rot is generally a problem in compacted or flooded soils. Only plant cucumbers in loose, well-draining soil.
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Stomata are tiny holes found in the underside of leaves. They control water loss and gas exchange by opening and closing. They allow water vapour and oxygen out of the leaf and carbon dioxide into the leaf.
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xylem parenchyma. live plant cells that are short, lignified and generally thin walled. They surround conducting elements and assist directly or indirectly in the conduction of water upwards through vessels and tracheids, and also serve for food storage.
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Phytophthora root rot is a fungal disease that mimics the appearance of drought, causing plant leaves to turn dull green or yellow. ... Only plant cucumbers in loose, well-draining soil.
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Since some uncolonized land may have thin, poor quality soils with few nutrients, pioneer species are often hardy plants with adaptations such as long roots, root nodes containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and leaves that employ transpiration.
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They are of two types, aerenchyma and chlorenchyma. Other parenchyma cells within the phloem are generally undifferentiated and used for food storage.
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Xylem, plant vascular tissue that conveys water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant and also provides physical support. Xylem tissue consists of a variety of specialized, water-conducting cells known as tracheary elements.
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White power on your pothos is most likely powdery mildew, a common fungal disease of many plants. As its common name suggests, it appears as a white, powdery substance covering the leaves. ... Apply a natural, organic, foliar-spray fungicide to the plant at an interval of once per week.
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Powdery mildew, caused by fungi in the genus Oidium, is responsible for the development of yellow and brown spots on leaves and bracts. Infected leaves produce white spore patches abundantly. Poinsettias are generally able to withstand a powdery mildew infection but it dramatically affects the plant's appearance.
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Meristematic tissue can be divided into apical meristems and lateral meristems: Apical meristems occur at shoot and root tips and are responsible for primary growth (i.e. plant lengthening) Apical meristems give rise to new leaves and flowers, while lateral meristems are responsible for the production of bark. ...
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pH refers to the potential of Hydrogen ions in your water, which will determine if your water is too acidic or has too much alkaline in it. PPM (parts per million) refers to the concentration of minerals and soluble matter in your watering solution.
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Unlike animals and humans, plants do not have any specialized structures for gaseous exchange, but they have stomata (present in leaves) and lenticels (present in stems) which are involved in the exchange of gases. Compared to animals and humans, plant roots, stems, and leaves respire at a very low rate.