is bcg vaccine live attenuated?
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Key vaccine facts The BCG vaccine contains live bacteria that have been weakened (attenuated), so that they stimulate the immune system but do not cause disease in healthy people. However the vaccine should not be given to people who are clinically immunosuppressed (either due to drug treatment or underlying illness).
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Yellow fever can be prevented by vaccination. The vaccine is a live but attenuated (less potent) strain of the virus. Travelers should also take actions to prevent mosquito bites when in areas of Africa or South America with yellow fever virus transmission.
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Bacillus Calmette-Guerin or BCG is the most common intravesical immunotherapy for treating early-stage bladder cancer. It's used to help keep the cancer from growing and to help keep it from coming back. BCG is a germ that's related to the one that causes tuberculosis (TB), but it doesn't usually cause serious disease.
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An attenuated vaccine is a vaccine created by reducing the virulence of a pathogen, but still keeping it viable (or "live"). Attenuation takes an infectious agent and alters it so that it becomes harmless or less virulent. These vaccines contrast to those produced by "killing" the virus (inactivated vaccine).
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The vaccine is only considered for certain subjects at risk (people working in the healthcare sector who may come into contact with patients and children under five years of age traveling to countries with a high prevalence of tuberculosis. Bulgaria: The BCG vaccine is mandatory for children since 1951.
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Bacterial vaccines contain killed or attenuated bacteria that activate the immune system. Antibodies are built against that particular bacteria, and prevents bacterial infection later. Most vaccines against bacterial infections are effective at preventing disease, reactions can occur after vaccinations.
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When manufactured correctly, the vaccine is not infectious, but improper inactivation can result in intact and infectious particles. Because the killed pathogens in a properly produced vaccine do not reproduce, booster shots are required periodically to reinforce the immune response.
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It has been reported that live attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccines given individually may result in a temporary depression of tuberculin skin sensitivity.
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WHO recommends BCG to be administered with oral polio vaccine (OPV) at birth, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and OPV in three doses at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age and measles vaccine (MV) at 9 months of age. Vaccines are often delayed in low-income countries (Fisker et al., 2014).
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The BCG vaccine can be anywhere from 0 to 80% effective in preventing tuberculosis for a duration of 15 years; however, its protective effect appears to vary according to geography and the lab in which the vaccine strain was grown.
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The BCG vaccine (which stands for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine) is not given as part of the routine NHS vaccination schedule. It's given on the NHS only when a child or adult is thought to have an increased risk of coming into contact with TB.
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Ten months after the programme was introduced, disease surveillance revealed that cases of disease had halved in vaccine eligible age groups. Based on this data, vaccine efficacy against all MenB strain after two doses of vaccine has been calculated to be 83%.
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People who were previously vaccinated with BCG may receive a TB skin test to test for TB infection. Vaccination with BCG may cause a false positive reaction to a TB skin test. A positive reaction to a TB skin test may be due to the BCG vaccine itself or due to infection with TB bacteria.
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The vaccine does not contain any live viruses, and cannot cause hepatitis B disease. Since the disease is so serious, the World Health Organization has said that all babies in the world should be protected by hepatitis B vaccination.
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The product information for Vivotif Oral live attenuated vaccine recommends a booster every 3 years. For people at ongoing risk of typhoid fever, ATAGI also recommends revaccination with a 3- or 4-dose course of the oral live attenuated vaccine 3 years after a 3-dose course, or 5 years after a 4-dose course.
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The BCG vaccine protects against tuberculosis, which is also known as TB. TB is a serious infection that affects the lungs and sometimes other parts of the body, such as the bones, joints and kidneys.
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Like with any vaccine, the vaccines that protect against these bacteria are not 100% effective. The vaccines also do not protect against all the types (strains) of each bacteria. For these reasons, there is still a chance vaccinated people can develop bacterial meningitis.