code:
/// <reference types="node"/>
import {ChildProcess} from 'child_process';
import {Stream, Readable as ReadableStream} from 'stream';

declare namespace execa {
	type StdioOption =
		| 'pipe'
		| 'ipc'
		| 'ignore'
		| 'inherit'
		| Stream
		| number
		| undefined;

	interface CommonOptions<EncodingType> {
		/**
		Kill the spawned process when the parent process exits unless either:
			- the spawned process is [`detached`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_detached)
			- the parent process is terminated abruptly, for example, with `SIGKILL` as opposed to `SIGTERM` or a normal exit

		@default true
		*/
		readonly cleanup?: boolean;

		/**
		Prefer locally installed binaries when looking for a binary to execute.

		If you `$ npm install foo`, you can then `execa('foo')`.

		@default false
		*/
		readonly preferLocal?: boolean;

		/**
		Preferred path to find locally installed binaries in (use with `preferLocal`).

		@default process.cwd()
		*/
		readonly localDir?: string;

		/**
		Path to the Node.js executable to use in child processes.

		This can be either an absolute path or a path relative to the `cwd` option.

		Requires `preferLocal` to be `true`.

		For example, this can be used together with [`get-node`](https://github.com/ehmicky/get-node) to run a specific Node.js version in a child process.

		@default process.execPath
		*/
		readonly execPath?: string;

		/**
		Buffer the output from the spawned process. When set to `false`, you must read the output of `stdout` and `stderr` (or `all` if the `all` option is `true`). Otherwise the returned promise will not be resolved/rejected.

		If the spawned process fails, `error.stdout`, `error.stderr`, and `error.all` will contain the buffered data.

		@default true
		*/
		readonly buffer?: boolean;

		/**
		Same options as [`stdio`](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v6.x/docs/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio).

		@default 'pipe'
		*/
		readonly stdin?: StdioOption;

		/**
		Same options as [`stdio`](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v6.x/docs/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio).

		@default 'pipe'
		*/
		readonly stdout?: StdioOption;

		/**
		Same options as [`stdio`](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v6.x/docs/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio).

		@default 'pipe'
		*/
		readonly stderr?: StdioOption;

		/**
		Setting this to `false` resolves the promise with the error instead of rejecting it.

		@default true
		*/
		readonly reject?: boolean;

		/**
		Add an `.all` property on the promise and the resolved value. The property contains the output of the process with `stdout` and `stderr` interleaved.

		@default false
		*/
		readonly all?: boolean;

		/**
		Strip the final [newline character](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newline) from the output.

		@default true
		*/
		readonly stripFinalNewline?: boolean;

		/**
		Set to `false` if you don't want to extend the environment variables when providing the `env` property.

		@default true
		*/
		readonly extendEnv?: boolean;

		/**
		Current working directory of the child process.

		@default process.cwd()
		*/
		readonly cwd?: string;

		/**
		Environment key-value pairs. Extends automatically from `process.env`. Set `extendEnv` to `false` if you don't want this.

		@default process.env
		*/
		readonly env?: NodeJS.ProcessEnv;

		/**
		Explicitly set the value of `argv[0]` sent to the child process. This will be set to `command` or `file` if not specified.
		*/
		readonly argv0?: string;

		/**
		Child's [stdio](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio) configuration.

		@default 'pipe'
		*/
		readonly stdio?: 'pipe' | 'ignore' | 'inherit' | readonly StdioOption[];

		/**
		Specify the kind of serialization used for sending messages between processes when using the `stdio: 'ipc'` option or `execa.node()`:
			- `json`: Uses `JSON.stringify()` and `JSON.parse()`.
			- `advanced`: Uses [`v8.serialize()`](https://nodejs.org/api/v8.html#v8_v8_serialize_value)

		Requires Node.js `13.2.0` or later.

		[More info.](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_advanced_serialization)

		@default 'json'
		*/
		readonly serialization?: 'json' | 'advanced';

		/**
		Prepare child to run independently of its parent process. Specific behavior [depends on the platform](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_detached).

		@default false
		*/
		readonly detached?: boolean;

		/**
		Sets the user identity of the process.
		*/
		readonly uid?: number;

		/**
		Sets the group identity of the process.
		*/
		readonly gid?: number;

		/**
		If `true`, runs `command` inside of a shell. Uses `/bin/sh` on UNIX and `cmd.exe` on Windows. A different shell can be specified as a string. The shell should understand the `-c` switch on UNIX or `/d /s /c` on Windows.

		We recommend against using this option since it is:
		- not cross-platform, encouraging shell-specific syntax.
		- slower, because of the additional shell interpretation.
		- unsafe, potentially allowing command injection.

		@default false
		*/
		readonly shell?: boolean | string;

		/**
		Specify the character encoding used to decode the `stdout` and `stderr` output. If set to `null`, then `stdout` and `stderr` will be a `Buffer` instead of a string.

		@default 'utf8'
		*/
		readonly encoding?: EncodingType;

		/**
		If `timeout` is greater than `0`, the parent will send the signal identified by the `killSignal` property (the default is `SIGTERM`) if the child runs longer than `timeout` milliseconds.

		@default 0
		*/
		readonly timeout?: number;

		/**
		Largest amount of data in bytes allowed on `stdout` or `stderr`. Default: 100 MB.

		@default 100_000_000
		*/
		readonly maxBuffer?: number;

		/**
		Signal value to be used when the spawned process will be killed.

		@default 'SIGTERM'
		*/
		readonly killSignal?: string | number;

		/**
		If `true`, no quoting or escaping of arguments is done on Windows. Ignored on other platforms. This is set to `true` automatically when the `shell` option is `true`.

		@default false
		*/
		readonly windowsVerbatimArguments?: boolean;

		/**
		On Windows, do not create a new console window. Please note this also prevents `CTRL-C` [from working](https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/29837) on Windows.

		@default true
		*/
		readonly windowsHide?: boolean;
	}

	interface Options<EncodingType = string> extends CommonOptions<EncodingType> {
		/**
		Write some input to the `stdin` of your binary.
		*/
		readonly input?: string | Buffer | ReadableStream;
	}

	interface SyncOptions<EncodingType = string> extends CommonOptions<EncodingType> {
		/**
		Write some input to the `stdin` of your binary.
		*/
		readonly input?: string | Buffer;
	}

	interface NodeOptions<EncodingType = string> extends Options<EncodingType> {
		/**
		The Node.js executable to use.

		@default process.execPath
		*/
		readonly nodePath?: string;

		/**
		List of [CLI options](https://nodejs.org/api/cli.html#cli_options) passed to the Node.js executable.

		@default process.execArgv
		*/
		readonly nodeOptions?: string[];
	}

	interface ExecaReturnBase<StdoutStderrType> {
		/**
		The file and arguments that were run, for logging purposes.

		This is not escaped and should not be executed directly as a process, including using `execa()` or `execa.command()`.
		*/
		command: string;

		/**
		Same as `command` but escaped.

		This is meant to be copy and pasted into a shell, for debugging purposes.
		Since the escaping is fairly basic, this should not be executed directly as a process, including using `execa()` or `execa.command()`.
		*/
		escapedCommand: string;

		/**
		The numeric exit code of the process that was run.
		*/
		exitCode: number;

		/**
		The output of the process on stdout.
		*/
		stdout: StdoutStderrType;

		/**
		The output of the process on stderr.
		*/
		stderr: StdoutStderrType;

		/**
		Whether the process failed to run.
		*/
		failed: boolean;

		/**
		Whether the process timed out.
		*/
		timedOut: boolean;

		/**
		Whether the process was killed.
		*/
		killed: boolean;

		/**
		The name of the signal that was used to terminate the process. For example, `SIGFPE`.

		If a signal terminated the process, this property is defined and included in the error message. Otherwise it is `undefined`.
		*/
		signal?: string;

		/**
		A human-friendly description of the signal that was used to terminate the process. For example, `Floating point arithmetic error`.

		If a signal terminated the process, this property is defined and included in the error message. Otherwise it is `undefined`. It is also `undefined` when the signal is very uncommon which should seldomly happen.
		*/
		signalDescription?: string;
	}

	interface ExecaSyncReturnValue<StdoutErrorType = string>
		extends ExecaReturnBase<StdoutErrorType> {
	}

	/**
	Result of a child process execution. On success this is a plain object. On failure this is also an `Error` instance.

	The child process fails when:
	- its exit code is not `0`
	- it was killed with a signal
	- timing out
	- being canceled
	- there's not enough memory or there are already too many child processes
	*/
	interface ExecaReturnValue<StdoutErrorType = string>
		extends ExecaSyncReturnValue<StdoutErrorType> {
		/**
		The output of the process with `stdout` and `stderr` interleaved.

		This is `undefined` if either:
		- the `all` option is `false` (default value)
		- `execa.sync()` was used
		*/
		all?: StdoutErrorType;

		/**
		Whether the process was canceled.
		*/
		isCanceled: boolean;
	}

	interface ExecaSyncError<StdoutErrorType = string>
		extends Error,
		ExecaReturnBase<StdoutErrorType> {
		/**
		Error message when the child process failed to run. In addition to the underlying error message, it also contains some information related to why the child process errored.

		The child process stderr then stdout are appended to the end, separated with newlines and not interleaved.
		*/
		message: string;

		/**
		This is the same as the `message` property except it does not include the child process stdout/stderr.
		*/
		shortMessage: string;

		/**
		Original error message. This is the same as the `message` property except it includes neither the child process stdout/stderr nor some additional information added by Execa.

		This is `undefined` unless the child process exited due to an `error` event or a timeout.
		*/
		originalMessage?: string;
	}

	interface ExecaError<StdoutErrorType = string>
		extends ExecaSyncError<StdoutErrorType> {
		/**
		The output of the process with `stdout` and `stderr` interleaved.

		This is `undefined` if either:
		- the `all` option is `false` (default value)
		- `execa.sync()` was used
		*/
		all?: StdoutErrorType;

		/**
		Whether the process was canceled.
		*/
		isCanceled: boolean;
	}

	interface KillOptions {
		/**
		Milliseconds to wait for the child process to terminate before sending `SIGKILL`.

		Can be disabled with `false`.

		@default 5000
		*/
		forceKillAfterTimeout?: number | false;
	}

	interface ExecaChildPromise<StdoutErrorType> {
		/**
		Stream combining/interleaving [`stdout`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_stdout) and [`stderr`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_stderr).

		This is `undefined` if either:
			- the `all` option is `false` (the default value)
			- both `stdout` and `stderr` options are set to [`'inherit'`, `'ipc'`, `Stream` or `integer`](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v6.x/docs/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio)
		*/
		all?: ReadableStream;

		catch<ResultType = never>(
			onRejected?: (reason: ExecaError<StdoutErrorType>) => ResultType | PromiseLike<ResultType>
		): Promise<ExecaReturnValue<StdoutErrorType> | ResultType>;

		/**
		Same as the original [`child_process#kill()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_kill_signal), except if `signal` is `SIGTERM` (the default value) and the child process is not terminated after 5 seconds, force it by sending `SIGKILL`.
		*/
		kill(signal?: string, options?: KillOptions): void;

		/**
		Similar to [`childProcess.kill()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_kill_signal). This is preferred when cancelling the child process execution as the error is more descriptive and [`childProcessResult.isCanceled`](#iscanceled) is set to `true`.
		*/
		cancel(): void;
	}

	type ExecaChildProcess<StdoutErrorType = string> = ChildProcess &
	ExecaChildPromise<StdoutErrorType> &
	Promise<ExecaReturnValue<StdoutErrorType>>;
}

declare const execa: {
	/**
	Execute a file.

	Think of this as a mix of `child_process.execFile` and `child_process.spawn`.

	@param file - The program/script to execute.
	@param arguments - Arguments to pass to `file` on execution.
	@returns A [`child_process` instance](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_class_childprocess), which is enhanced to also be a `Promise` for a result `Object` with `stdout` and `stderr` properties.

	@example
	```
	import execa = require('execa');

	(async () => {
		const {stdout} = await execa('echo', ['unicorns']);
		console.log(stdout);
		//=> 'unicorns'

		// Cancelling a spawned process

		const subprocess = execa('node');

		setTimeout(() => {
			subprocess.cancel()
		}, 1000);

		try {
			await subprocess;
		} catch (error) {
			console.log(subprocess.killed); // true
			console.log(error.isCanceled); // true
		}
	})();

	// Pipe the child process stdout to the current stdout
	execa('echo', ['unicorns']).stdout.pipe(process.stdout);
	```
	*/
	(
		file: string,
		arguments?: readonly string[],
		options?: execa.Options
	): execa.ExecaChildProcess;
	(
		file: string,
		arguments?: readonly string[],
		options?: execa.Options<null>
	): execa.ExecaChildProcess<Buffer>;
	(file: string, options?: execa.Options): execa.ExecaChildProcess;
	(file: string, options?: execa.Options<null>): execa.ExecaChildProcess<
	Buffer
	>;

	/**
	Execute a file synchronously.

	This method throws an `Error` if the command fails.

	@param file - The program/script to execute.
	@param arguments - Arguments to pass to `file` on execution.
	@returns A result `Object` with `stdout` and `stderr` properties.
	*/
	sync(
		file: string,
		arguments?: readonly string[],
		options?: execa.SyncOptions
	): execa.ExecaSyncReturnValue;
	sync(
		file: string,
		arguments?: readonly string[],
		options?: execa.SyncOptions<null>
	): execa.ExecaSyncReturnValue<Buffer>;
	sync(file: string, options?: execa.SyncOptions): execa.ExecaSyncReturnValue;
	sync(
		file: string,
		options?: execa.SyncOptions<null>
	): execa.ExecaSyncReturnValue<Buffer>;

	/**
	Same as `execa()` except both file and arguments are specified in a single `command` string. For example, `execa('echo', ['unicorns'])` is the same as `execa.command('echo unicorns')`.

	If the file or an argument contains spaces, they must be escaped with backslashes. This matters especially if `command` is not a constant but a variable, for example with `__dirname` or `process.cwd()`. Except for spaces, no escaping/quoting is needed.

	The `shell` option must be used if the `command` uses shell-specific features (for example, `&&` or `||`), as opposed to being a simple `file` followed by its `arguments`.

	@param command - The program/script to execute and its arguments.
	@returns A [`child_process` instance](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_class_childprocess), which is enhanced to also be a `Promise` for a result `Object` with `stdout` and `stderr` properties.

	@example
	```
	import execa = require('execa');

	(async () => {
		const {stdout} = await execa.command('echo unicorns');
		console.log(stdout);
		//=> 'unicorns'
	})();
	```
	*/
	command(command: string, options?: execa.Options): execa.ExecaChildProcess;
	command(command: string, options?: execa.Options<null>): execa.ExecaChildProcess<Buffer>;

	/**
	Same as `execa.command()` but synchronous.

	@param command - The program/script to execute and its arguments.
	@returns A result `Object` with `stdout` and `stderr` properties.
	*/
	commandSync(command: string, options?: execa.SyncOptions): execa.ExecaSyncReturnValue;
	commandSync(command: string, options?: execa.SyncOptions<null>): execa.ExecaSyncReturnValue<Buffer>;

	/**
	Execute a Node.js script as a child process.

	Same as `execa('node', [scriptPath, ...arguments], options)` except (like [`child_process#fork()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_child_process_fork_modulepath_args_options)):
		- the current Node version and options are used. This can be overridden using the `nodePath` and `nodeArguments` options.
		- the `shell` option cannot be used
		- an extra channel [`ipc`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio) is passed to [`stdio`](#stdio)

	@param scriptPath - Node.js script to execute.
	@param arguments - Arguments to pass to `scriptPath` on execution.
	@returns A [`child_process` instance](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_class_childprocess), which is enhanced to also be a `Promise` for a result `Object` with `stdout` and `stderr` properties.
	*/
	node(
		scriptPath: string,
		arguments?: readonly string[],
		options?: execa.NodeOptions
	): execa.ExecaChildProcess;
	node(
		scriptPath: string,
		arguments?: readonly string[],
		options?: execa.Options<null>
	): execa.ExecaChildProcess<Buffer>;
	node(scriptPath: string, options?: execa.Options): execa.ExecaChildProcess;
	node(scriptPath: string, options?: execa.Options<null>): execa.ExecaChildProcess<Buffer>;
};

export = execa;


code:
'use strict';
const path = require('path');
const childProcess = require('child_process');
const crossSpawn = require('cross-spawn');
const stripFinalNewline = require('strip-final-newline');
const npmRunPath = require('npm-run-path');
const onetime = require('onetime');
const makeError = require('./lib/error');
const normalizeStdio = require('./lib/stdio');
const {spawnedKill, spawnedCancel, setupTimeout, validateTimeout, setExitHandler} = require('./lib/kill');
const {handleInput, getSpawnedResult, makeAllStream, validateInputSync} = require('./lib/stream');
const {mergePromise, getSpawnedPromise} = require('./lib/promise');
const {joinCommand, parseCommand, getEscapedCommand} = require('./lib/command');

const DEFAULT_MAX_BUFFER = 1000 * 1000 * 100;

const getEnv = ({env: envOption, extendEnv, preferLocal, localDir, execPath}) => {
	const env = extendEnv ? {...process.env, ...envOption} : envOption;

	if (preferLocal) {
		return npmRunPath.env({env, cwd: localDir, execPath});
	}

	return env;
};

const handleArguments = (file, args, options = {}) => {
	const parsed = crossSpawn._parse(file, args, options);
	file = parsed.command;
	args = parsed.args;
	options = parsed.options;

	options = {
		maxBuffer: DEFAULT_MAX_BUFFER,
		buffer: true,
		stripFinalNewline: true,
		extendEnv: true,
		preferLocal: false,
		localDir: options.cwd || process.cwd(),
		execPath: process.execPath,
		encoding: 'utf8',
		reject: true,
		cleanup: true,
		all: false,
		windowsHide: true,
		...options
	};

	options.env = getEnv(options);

	options.stdio = normalizeStdio(options);

	if (process.platform === 'win32' && path.basename(file, '.exe') === 'cmd') {
		// #116
		args.unshift('/q');
	}

	return {file, args, options, parsed};
};

const handleOutput = (options, value, error) => {
	if (typeof value !== 'string' && !Buffer.isBuffer(value)) {
		// When `execa.sync()` errors, we normalize it to '' to mimic `execa()`
		return error === undefined ? undefined : '';
	}

	if (options.stripFinalNewline) {
		return stripFinalNewline(value);
	}

	return value;
};

const execa = (file, args, options) => {
	const parsed = handleArguments(file, args, options);
	const command = joinCommand(file, args);
	const escapedCommand = getEscapedCommand(file, args);

	validateTimeout(parsed.options);

	let spawned;
	try {
		spawned = childProcess.spawn(parsed.file, parsed.args, parsed.options);
	} catch (error) {
		// Ensure the returned error is always both a promise and a child process
		const dummySpawned = new childProcess.ChildProcess();
		const errorPromise = Promise.reject(makeError({
			error,
			stdout: '',
			stderr: '',
			all: '',
			command,
			escapedCommand,
			parsed,
			timedOut: false,
			isCanceled: false,
			killed: false
		}));
		return mergePromise(dummySpawned, errorPromise);
	}

	const spawnedPromise = getSpawnedPromise(spawned);
	const timedPromise = setupTimeout(spawned, parsed.options, spawnedPromise);
	const processDone = setExitHandler(spawned, parsed.options, timedPromise);

	const context = {isCanceled: false};

	spawned.kill = spawnedKill.bind(null, spawned.kill.bind(spawned));
	spawned.cancel = spawnedCancel.bind(null, spawned, context);

	const handlePromise = async () => {
		const [{error, exitCode, signal, timedOut}, stdoutResult, stderrResult, allResult] = await getSpawnedResult(spawned, parsed.options, processDone);
		const stdout = handleOutput(parsed.options, stdoutResult);
		const stderr = handleOutput(parsed.options, stderrResult);
		const all = handleOutput(parsed.options, allResult);

		if (error || exitCode !== 0 || signal !== null) {
			const returnedError = makeError({
				error,
				exitCode,
				signal,
				stdout,
				stderr,
				all,
				command,
				escapedCommand,
				parsed,
				timedOut,
				isCanceled: context.isCanceled,
				killed: spawned.killed
			});

			if (!parsed.options.reject) {
				return returnedError;
			}

			throw returnedError;
		}

		return {
			command,
			escapedCommand,
			exitCode: 0,
			stdout,
			stderr,
			all,
			failed: false,
			timedOut: false,
			isCanceled: false,
			killed: false
		};
	};

	const handlePromiseOnce = onetime(handlePromise);

	handleInput(spawned, parsed.options.input);

	spawned.all = makeAllStream(spawned, parsed.options);

	return mergePromise(spawned, handlePromiseOnce);
};

module.exports = execa;

module.exports.sync = (file, args, options) => {
	const parsed = handleArguments(file, args, options);
	const command = joinCommand(file, args);
	const escapedCommand = getEscapedCommand(file, args);

	validateInputSync(parsed.options);

	let result;
	try {
		result = childProcess.spawnSync(parsed.file, parsed.args, parsed.options);
	} catch (error) {
		throw makeError({
			error,
			stdout: '',
			stderr: '',
			all: '',
			command,
			escapedCommand,
			parsed,
			timedOut: false,
			isCanceled: false,
			killed: false
		});
	}

	const stdout = handleOutput(parsed.options, result.stdout, result.error);
	const stderr = handleOutput(parsed.options, result.stderr, result.error);

	if (result.error || result.status !== 0 || result.signal !== null) {
		const error = makeError({
			stdout,
			stderr,
			error: result.error,
			signal: result.signal,
			exitCode: result.status,
			command,
			escapedCommand,
			parsed,
			timedOut: result.error && result.error.code === 'ETIMEDOUT',
			isCanceled: false,
			killed: result.signal !== null
		});

		if (!parsed.options.reject) {
			return error;
		}

		throw error;
	}

	return {
		command,
		escapedCommand,
		exitCode: 0,
		stdout,
		stderr,
		failed: false,
		timedOut: false,
		isCanceled: false,
		killed: false
	};
};

module.exports.command = (command, options) => {
	const [file, ...args] = parseCommand(command);
	return execa(file, args, options);
};

module.exports.commandSync = (command, options) => {
	const [file, ...args] = parseCommand(command);
	return execa.sync(file, args, options);
};

module.exports.node = (scriptPath, args, options = {}) => {
	if (args && !Array.isArray(args) && typeof args === 'object') {
		options = args;
		args = [];
	}

	const stdio = normalizeStdio.node(options);
	const defaultExecArgv = process.execArgv.filter(arg => !arg.startsWith('--inspect'));

	const {
		nodePath = process.execPath,
		nodeOptions = defaultExecArgv
	} = options;

	return execa(
		nodePath,
		[
			...nodeOptions,
			scriptPath,
			...(Array.isArray(args) ? args : [])
		],
		{
			...options,
			stdin: undefined,
			stdout: undefined,
			stderr: undefined,
			stdio,
			shell: false
		}
	);
};

license: mit


code:
'use strict';
const normalizeArgs = (file, args = []) => {
	if (!Array.isArray(args)) {
		return [file];
	}

	return [file, ...args];
};

const NO_ESCAPE_REGEXP = /^[\w.-]+$/;
const DOUBLE_QUOTES_REGEXP = /"/g;

const escapeArg = arg => {
	if (typeof arg !== 'string' || NO_ESCAPE_REGEXP.test(arg)) {
		return arg;
	}

	return `"${arg.replace(DOUBLE_QUOTES_REGEXP, '\\"')}"`;
};

const joinCommand = (file, args) => {
	return normalizeArgs(file, args).join(' ');
};

const getEscapedCommand = (file, args) => {
	return normalizeArgs(file, args).map(arg => escapeArg(arg)).join(' ');
};

const SPACES_REGEXP = / +/g;

// Handle `execa.command()`
const parseCommand = command => {
	const tokens = [];
	for (const token of command.trim().split(SPACES_REGEXP)) {
		// Allow spaces to be escaped by a backslash if not meant as a delimiter
		const previousToken = tokens[tokens.length - 1];
		if (previousToken && previousToken.endsWith('\\')) {
			// Merge previous token with current one
			tokens[tokens.length - 1] = `${previousToken.slice(0, -1)} ${token}`;
		} else {
			tokens.push(token);
		}
	}

	return tokens;
};

module.exports = {
	joinCommand,
	getEscapedCommand,
	parseCommand
};


code:
'use strict';
const {signalsByName} = require('human-signals');

const getErrorPrefix = ({timedOut, timeout, errorCode, signal, signalDescription, exitCode, isCanceled}) => {
	if (timedOut) {
		return `timed out after ${timeout} milliseconds`;
	}

	if (isCanceled) {
		return 'was canceled';
	}

	if (errorCode !== undefined) {
		return `failed with ${errorCode}`;
	}

	if (signal !== undefined) {
		return `was killed with ${signal} (${signalDescription})`;
	}

	if (exitCode !== undefined) {
		return `failed with exit code ${exitCode}`;
	}

	return 'failed';
};

const makeError = ({
	stdout,
	stderr,
	all,
	error,
	signal,
	exitCode,
	command,
	escapedCommand,
	timedOut,
	isCanceled,
	killed,
	parsed: {options: {timeout}}
}) => {
	// `signal` and `exitCode` emitted on `spawned.on('exit')` event can be `null`.
	// We normalize them to `undefined`
	exitCode = exitCode === null ? undefined : exitCode;
	signal = signal === null ? undefined : signal;
	const signalDescription = signal === undefined ? undefined : signalsByName[signal].description;

	const errorCode = error && error.code;

	const prefix = getErrorPrefix({timedOut, timeout, errorCode, signal, signalDescription, exitCode, isCanceled});
	const execaMessage = `Command ${prefix}: ${command}`;
	const isError = Object.prototype.toString.call(error) === '[object Error]';
	const shortMessage = isError ? `${execaMessage}\n${error.message}` : execaMessage;
	const message = [shortMessage, stderr, stdout].filter(Boolean).join('\n');

	if (isError) {
		error.originalMessage = error.message;
		error.message = message;
	} else {
		error = new Error(message);
	}

	error.shortMessage = shortMessage;
	error.command = command;
	error.escapedCommand = escapedCommand;
	error.exitCode = exitCode;
	error.signal = signal;
	error.signalDescription = signalDescription;
	error.stdout = stdout;
	error.stderr = stderr;

	if (all !== undefined) {
		error.all = all;
	}

	if ('bufferedData' in error) {
		delete error.bufferedData;
	}

	error.failed = true;
	error.timedOut = Boolean(timedOut);
	error.isCanceled = isCanceled;
	error.killed = killed && !timedOut;

	return error;
};

module.exports = makeError;


code:
'use strict';
const os = require('os');
const onExit = require('signal-exit');

const DEFAULT_FORCE_KILL_TIMEOUT = 1000 * 5;

// Monkey-patches `childProcess.kill()` to add `forceKillAfterTimeout` behavior
const spawnedKill = (kill, signal = 'SIGTERM', options = {}) => {
	const killResult = kill(signal);
	setKillTimeout(kill, signal, options, killResult);
	return killResult;
};

const setKillTimeout = (kill, signal, options, killResult) => {
	if (!shouldForceKill(signal, options, killResult)) {
		return;
	}

	const timeout = getForceKillAfterTimeout(options);
	const t = setTimeout(() => {
		kill('SIGKILL');
	}, timeout);

	// Guarded because there's no `.unref()` when `execa` is used in the renderer
	// process in Electron. This cannot be tested since we don't run tests in
	// Electron.
	// istanbul ignore else
	if (t.unref) {
		t.unref();
	}
};

const shouldForceKill = (signal, {forceKillAfterTimeout}, killResult) => {
	return isSigterm(signal) && forceKillAfterTimeout !== false && killResult;
};

const isSigterm = signal => {
	return signal === os.constants.signals.SIGTERM ||
		(typeof signal === 'string' && signal.toUpperCase() === 'SIGTERM');
};

const getForceKillAfterTimeout = ({forceKillAfterTimeout = true}) => {
	if (forceKillAfterTimeout === true) {
		return DEFAULT_FORCE_KILL_TIMEOUT;
	}

	if (!Number.isFinite(forceKillAfterTimeout) || forceKillAfterTimeout < 0) {
		throw new TypeError(`Expected the \`forceKillAfterTimeout\` option to be a non-negative integer, got \`${forceKillAfterTimeout}\` (${typeof forceKillAfterTimeout})`);
	}

	return forceKillAfterTimeout;
};

// `childProcess.cancel()`
const spawnedCancel = (spawned, context) => {
	const killResult = spawned.kill();

	if (killResult) {
		context.isCanceled = true;
	}
};

const timeoutKill = (spawned, signal, reject) => {
	spawned.kill(signal);
	reject(Object.assign(new Error('Timed out'), {timedOut: true, signal}));
};

// `timeout` option handling
const setupTimeout = (spawned, {timeout, killSignal = 'SIGTERM'}, spawnedPromise) => {
	if (timeout === 0 || timeout === undefined) {
		return spawnedPromise;
	}

	let timeoutId;
	const timeoutPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
		timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
			timeoutKill(spawned, killSignal, reject);
		}, timeout);
	});

	const safeSpawnedPromise = spawnedPromise.finally(() => {
		clearTimeout(timeoutId);
	});

	return Promise.race([timeoutPromise, safeSpawnedPromise]);
};

const validateTimeout = ({timeout}) => {
	if (timeout !== undefined && (!Number.isFinite(timeout) || timeout < 0)) {
		throw new TypeError(`Expected the \`timeout\` option to be a non-negative integer, got \`${timeout}\` (${typeof timeout})`);
	}
};

// `cleanup` option handling
const setExitHandler = async (spawned, {cleanup, detached}, timedPromise) => {
	if (!cleanup || detached) {
		return timedPromise;
	}

	const removeExitHandler = onExit(() => {
		spawned.kill();
	});

	return timedPromise.finally(() => {
		removeExitHandler();
	});
};

module.exports = {
	spawnedKill,
	spawnedCancel,
	setupTimeout,
	validateTimeout,
	setExitHandler
};


code:
'use strict';

const nativePromisePrototype = (async () => {})().constructor.prototype;
const descriptors = ['then', 'catch', 'finally'].map(property => [
	property,
	Reflect.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(nativePromisePrototype, property)
]);

// The return value is a mixin of `childProcess` and `Promise`
const mergePromise = (spawned, promise) => {
	for (const [property, descriptor] of descriptors) {
		// Starting the main `promise` is deferred to avoid consuming streams
		const value = typeof promise === 'function' ?
			(...args) => Reflect.apply(descriptor.value, promise(), args) :
			descriptor.value.bind(promise);

		Reflect.defineProperty(spawned, property, {...descriptor, value});
	}

	return spawned;
};

// Use promises instead of `child_process` events
const getSpawnedPromise = spawned => {
	return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
		spawned.on('exit', (exitCode, signal) => {
			resolve({exitCode, signal});
		});

		spawned.on('error', error => {
			reject(error);
		});

		if (spawned.stdin) {
			spawned.stdin.on('error', error => {
				reject(error);
			});
		}
	});
};

module.exports = {
	mergePromise,
	getSpawnedPromise
};


code:
'use strict';
const aliases = ['stdin', 'stdout', 'stderr'];

const hasAlias = options => aliases.some(alias => options[alias] !== undefined);

const normalizeStdio = options => {
	if (!options) {
		return;
	}

	const {stdio} = options;

	if (stdio === undefined) {
		return aliases.map(alias => options[alias]);
	}

	if (hasAlias(options)) {
		throw new Error(`It's not possible to provide \`stdio\` in combination with one of ${aliases.map(alias => `\`${alias}\``).join(', ')}`);
	}

	if (typeof stdio === 'string') {
		return stdio;
	}

	if (!Array.isArray(stdio)) {
		throw new TypeError(`Expected \`stdio\` to be of type \`string\` or \`Array\`, got \`${typeof stdio}\``);
	}

	const length = Math.max(stdio.length, aliases.length);
	return Array.from({length}, (value, index) => stdio[index]);
};

module.exports = normalizeStdio;

// `ipc` is pushed unless it is already present
module.exports.node = options => {
	const stdio = normalizeStdio(options);

	if (stdio === 'ipc') {
		return 'ipc';
	}

	if (stdio === undefined || typeof stdio === 'string') {
		return [stdio, stdio, stdio, 'ipc'];
	}

	if (stdio.includes('ipc')) {
		return stdio;
	}

	return [...stdio, 'ipc'];
};


code:
'use strict';
const isStream = require('is-stream');
const getStream = require('get-stream');
const mergeStream = require('merge-stream');

// `input` option
const handleInput = (spawned, input) => {
	// Checking for stdin is workaround for https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/26852
	// @todo remove `|| spawned.stdin === undefined` once we drop support for Node.js <=12.2.0
	if (input === undefined || spawned.stdin === undefined) {
		return;
	}

	if (isStream(input)) {
		input.pipe(spawned.stdin);
	} else {
		spawned.stdin.end(input);
	}
};

// `all` interleaves `stdout` and `stderr`
const makeAllStream = (spawned, {all}) => {
	if (!all || (!spawned.stdout && !spawned.stderr)) {
		return;
	}

	const mixed = mergeStream();

	if (spawned.stdout) {
		mixed.add(spawned.stdout);
	}

	if (spawned.stderr) {
		mixed.add(spawned.stderr);
	}

	return mixed;
};

// On failure, `result.stdout|stderr|all` should contain the currently buffered stream
const getBufferedData = async (stream, streamPromise) => {
	if (!stream) {
		return;
	}

	stream.destroy();

	try {
		return await streamPromise;
	} catch (error) {
		return error.bufferedData;
	}
};

const getStreamPromise = (stream, {encoding, buffer, maxBuffer}) => {
	if (!stream || !buffer) {
		return;
	}

	if (encoding) {
		return getStream(stream, {encoding, maxBuffer});
	}

	return getStream.buffer(stream, {maxBuffer});
};

// Retrieve result of child process: exit code, signal, error, streams (stdout/stderr/all)
const getSpawnedResult = async ({stdout, stderr, all}, {encoding, buffer, maxBuffer}, processDone) => {
	const stdoutPromise = getStreamPromise(stdout, {encoding, buffer, maxBuffer});
	const stderrPromise = getStreamPromise(stderr, {encoding, buffer, maxBuffer});
	const allPromise = getStreamPromise(all, {encoding, buffer, maxBuffer: maxBuffer * 2});

	try {
		return await Promise.all([processDone, stdoutPromise, stderrPromise, allPromise]);
	} catch (error) {
		return Promise.all([
			{error, signal: error.signal, timedOut: error.timedOut},
			getBufferedData(stdout, stdoutPromise),
			getBufferedData(stderr, stderrPromise),
			getBufferedData(all, allPromise)
		]);
	}
};

const validateInputSync = ({input}) => {
	if (isStream(input)) {
		throw new TypeError('The `input` option cannot be a stream in sync mode');
	}
};

module.exports = {
	handleInput,
	makeAllStream,
	getSpawnedResult,
	validateInputSync
};


execa

description: Process execution for humans

license: MIT

repository: sindresorhus/execa

test: xo && nyc ava && tsd

keywords: exec child process execute fork execfile spawn file shell bin binary binaries npm path local

reporter: text lcov

exclude: **/fixtures/** **/test.js **/test/**


code:
[![Coverage Status](https://codecov.io/gh/sindresorhus/execa/branch/main/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/sindresorhus/execa)

> Process execution for humans

## Why

This package improves [`child_process`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html) methods with:

- Promise interface.
- [Strips the final newline](#stripfinalnewline) from the output so you don't have to do `stdout.trim()`.
- Supports [shebang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_(Unix)) binaries cross-platform.
- [Improved Windows support.](https://github.com/IndigoUnited/node-cross-spawn#why)
- Higher max buffer. 100 MB instead of 200 KB.
- [Executes locally installed binaries by name.](#preferlocal)
- [Cleans up spawned processes when the parent process dies.](#cleanup)
- [Get interleaved output](#all) from `stdout` and `stderr` similar to what is printed on the terminal. [*(Async only)*](#execasyncfile-arguments-options)
- [Can specify file and arguments as a single string without a shell](#execacommandcommand-options)
- More descriptive errors.

## Install

```
$ npm install execa
```

## Usage

```js
const execa = require('execa');

(async () => {
	const {stdout} = await execa('echo', ['unicorns']);
	console.log(stdout);
	//=> 'unicorns'
})();
```

### Pipe the child process stdout to the parent

```js
const execa = require('execa');

execa('echo', ['unicorns']).stdout.pipe(process.stdout);
```

### Handling Errors

```js
const execa = require('execa');

(async () => {
	// Catching an error
	try {
		await execa('unknown', ['command']);
	} catch (error) {
		console.log(error);
		/*
		{
			message: 'Command failed with ENOENT: unknown command spawn unknown ENOENT',
			errno: -2,
			code: 'ENOENT',
			syscall: 'spawn unknown',
			path: 'unknown',
			spawnargs: ['command'],
			originalMessage: 'spawn unknown ENOENT',
			shortMessage: 'Command failed with ENOENT: unknown command spawn unknown ENOENT',
			command: 'unknown command',
			escapedCommand: 'unknown command',
			stdout: '',
			stderr: '',
			all: '',
			failed: true,
			timedOut: false,
			isCanceled: false,
			killed: false
		}
		*/
	}

})();
```

### Cancelling a spawned process

```js
const execa = require('execa');

(async () => {
	const subprocess = execa('node');

	setTimeout(() => {
		subprocess.cancel();
	}, 1000);

	try {
		await subprocess;
	} catch (error) {
		console.log(subprocess.killed); // true
		console.log(error.isCanceled); // true
	}
})()
```

### Catching an error with the sync method

```js
try {
	execa.sync('unknown', ['command']);
} catch (error) {
	console.log(error);
	/*
	{
		message: 'Command failed with ENOENT: unknown command spawnSync unknown ENOENT',
		errno: -2,
		code: 'ENOENT',
		syscall: 'spawnSync unknown',
		path: 'unknown',
		spawnargs: ['command'],
		originalMessage: 'spawnSync unknown ENOENT',
		shortMessage: 'Command failed with ENOENT: unknown command spawnSync unknown ENOENT',
		command: 'unknown command',
		escapedCommand: 'unknown command',
		stdout: '',
		stderr: '',
		all: '',
		failed: true,
		timedOut: false,
		isCanceled: false,
		killed: false
	}
	*/
}
```

### Kill a process

Using SIGTERM, and after 2 seconds, kill it with SIGKILL.

```js
const subprocess = execa('node');

setTimeout(() => {
	subprocess.kill('SIGTERM', {
		forceKillAfterTimeout: 2000
	});
}, 1000);
```

## API

### execa(file, arguments, options?)

Execute a file. Think of this as a mix of [`child_process.execFile()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_child_process_execfile_file_args_options_callback) and [`child_process.spawn()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_child_process_spawn_command_args_options).

No escaping/quoting is needed.

Unless the [`shell`](#shell) option is used, no shell interpreter (Bash, `cmd.exe`, etc.) is used, so shell features such as variables substitution (`echo $PATH`) are not allowed.

Returns a [`child_process` instance](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_class_childprocess) which:
  - is also a `Promise` resolving or rejecting with a [`childProcessResult`](#childProcessResult).
  - exposes the following additional methods and properties.

#### kill(signal?, options?)

Same as the original [`child_process#kill()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_kill_signal) except: if `signal` is `SIGTERM` (the default value) and the child process is not terminated after 5 seconds, force it by sending `SIGKILL`.

##### options.forceKillAfterTimeout

Type: `number | false`\
Default: `5000`

Milliseconds to wait for the child process to terminate before sending `SIGKILL`.

Can be disabled with `false`.

#### cancel()

Similar to [`childProcess.kill()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_kill_signal). This is preferred when cancelling the child process execution as the error is more descriptive and [`childProcessResult.isCanceled`](#iscanceled) is set to `true`.

#### all

Type: `ReadableStream | undefined`

Stream combining/interleaving [`stdout`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_stdout) and [`stderr`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_stderr).

This is `undefined` if either:
  - the [`all` option](#all-2) is `false` (the default value)
  - both [`stdout`](#stdout-1) and [`stderr`](#stderr-1) options are set to [`'inherit'`, `'ipc'`, `Stream` or `integer`](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v6.x/docs/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio)

### execa.sync(file, arguments?, options?)

Execute a file synchronously.

Returns or throws a [`childProcessResult`](#childProcessResult).

### execa.command(command, options?)

Same as [`execa()`](#execafile-arguments-options) except both file and arguments are specified in a single `command` string. For example, `execa('echo', ['unicorns'])` is the same as `execa.command('echo unicorns')`.

If the file or an argument contains spaces, they must be escaped with backslashes. This matters especially if `command` is not a constant but a variable, for example with `__dirname` or `process.cwd()`. Except for spaces, no escaping/quoting is needed.

The [`shell` option](#shell) must be used if the `command` uses shell-specific features (for example, `&&` or `||`), as opposed to being a simple `file` followed by its `arguments`.

### execa.commandSync(command, options?)

Same as [`execa.command()`](#execacommand-command-options) but synchronous.

Returns or throws a [`childProcessResult`](#childProcessResult).

### execa.node(scriptPath, arguments?, options?)

Execute a Node.js script as a child process.

Same as `execa('node', [scriptPath, ...arguments], options)` except (like [`child_process#fork()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_child_process_fork_modulepath_args_options)):
  - the current Node version and options are used. This can be overridden using the [`nodePath`](#nodepath-for-node-only) and [`nodeOptions`](#nodeoptions-for-node-only) options.
  - the [`shell`](#shell) option cannot be used
  - an extra channel [`ipc`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio) is passed to [`stdio`](#stdio)

### childProcessResult

Type: `object`

Result of a child process execution. On success this is a plain object. On failure this is also an `Error` instance.

The child process [fails](#failed) when:
- its [exit code](#exitcode) is not `0`
- it was [killed](#killed) with a [signal](#signal)
- [timing out](#timedout)
- [being canceled](#iscanceled)
- there's not enough memory or there are already too many child processes

#### command

Type: `string`

The file and arguments that were run, for logging purposes.

This is not escaped and should not be executed directly as a process, including using [`execa()`](#execafile-arguments-options) or [`execa.command()`](#execacommandcommand-options).

#### escapedCommand

Type: `string`

Same as [`command`](#command) but escaped.

This is meant to be copy and pasted into a shell, for debugging purposes.
Since the escaping is fairly basic, this should not be executed directly as a process, including using [`execa()`](#execafile-arguments-options) or [`execa.command()`](#execacommandcommand-options).

#### exitCode

Type: `number`

The numeric exit code of the process that was run.

#### stdout

Type: `string | Buffer`

The output of the process on stdout.

#### stderr

Type: `string | Buffer`

The output of the process on stderr.

#### all

Type: `string | Buffer | undefined`

The output of the process with `stdout` and `stderr` interleaved.

This is `undefined` if either:
  - the [`all` option](#all-2) is `false` (the default value)
  - `execa.sync()` was used

#### failed

Type: `boolean`

Whether the process failed to run.

#### timedOut

Type: `boolean`

Whether the process timed out.

#### isCanceled

Type: `boolean`

Whether the process was canceled.

#### killed

Type: `boolean`

Whether the process was killed.

#### signal

Type: `string | undefined`

The name of the signal that was used to terminate the process. For example, `SIGFPE`.

If a signal terminated the process, this property is defined and included in the error message. Otherwise it is `undefined`.

#### signalDescription

Type: `string | undefined`

A human-friendly description of the signal that was used to terminate the process. For example, `Floating point arithmetic error`.

If a signal terminated the process, this property is defined and included in the error message. Otherwise it is `undefined`. It is also `undefined` when the signal is very uncommon which should seldomly happen.

#### message

Type: `string`

Error message when the child process failed to run. In addition to the [underlying error message](#originalMessage), it also contains some information related to why the child process errored.

The child process [stderr](#stderr) then [stdout](#stdout) are appended to the end, separated with newlines and not interleaved.

#### shortMessage

Type: `string`

This is the same as the [`message` property](#message) except it does not include the child process stdout/stderr.

#### originalMessage

Type: `string | undefined`

Original error message. This is the same as the `message` property except it includes neither the child process stdout/stderr nor some additional information added by Execa.

This is `undefined` unless the child process exited due to an `error` event or a timeout.

### options

Type: `object`

#### cleanup

Type: `boolean`\
Default: `true`

Kill the spawned process when the parent process exits unless either:
	- the spawned process is [`detached`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_detached)
	- the parent process is terminated abruptly, for example, with `SIGKILL` as opposed to `SIGTERM` or a normal exit

#### preferLocal

Type: `boolean`\
Default: `false`

Prefer locally installed binaries when looking for a binary to execute.\
If you `$ npm install foo`, you can then `execa('foo')`.

#### localDir

Type: `string`\
Default: `process.cwd()`

Preferred path to find locally installed binaries in (use with `preferLocal`).

#### execPath

Type: `string`\
Default: `process.execPath` (Current Node.js executable)

Path to the Node.js executable to use in child processes.

This can be either an absolute path or a path relative to the [`cwd` option](#cwd).

Requires [`preferLocal`](#preferlocal) to be `true`.

For example, this can be used together with [`get-node`](https://github.com/ehmicky/get-node) to run a specific Node.js version in a child process.

#### buffer

Type: `boolean`\
Default: `true`

Buffer the output from the spawned process. When set to `false`, you must read the output of [`stdout`](#stdout-1) and [`stderr`](#stderr-1) (or [`all`](#all) if the [`all`](#all-2) option is `true`). Otherwise the returned promise will not be resolved/rejected.

If the spawned process fails, [`error.stdout`](#stdout), [`error.stderr`](#stderr), and [`error.all`](#all) will contain the buffered data.

#### input

Type: `string | Buffer | stream.Readable`

Write some input to the `stdin` of your binary.\
Streams are not allowed when using the synchronous methods.

#### stdin

Type: `string | number | Stream | undefined`\
Default: `pipe`

Same options as [`stdio`](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v6.x/docs/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio).

#### stdout

Type: `string | number | Stream | undefined`\
Default: `pipe`

Same options as [`stdio`](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v6.x/docs/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio).

#### stderr

Type: `string | number | Stream | undefined`\
Default: `pipe`

Same options as [`stdio`](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v6.x/docs/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio).

#### all

Type: `boolean`\
Default: `false`

Add an `.all` property on the [promise](#all) and the [resolved value](#all-1). The property contains the output of the process with `stdout` and `stderr` interleaved.

#### reject

Type: `boolean`\
Default: `true`

Setting this to `false` resolves the promise with the error instead of rejecting it.

#### stripFinalNewline

Type: `boolean`\
Default: `true`

Strip the final [newline character](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newline) from the output.

#### extendEnv

Type: `boolean`\
Default: `true`

Set to `false` if you don't want to extend the environment variables when providing the `env` property.

---

Execa also accepts the below options which are the same as the options for [`child_process#spawn()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_child_process_spawn_command_args_options)/[`child_process#exec()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_child_process_exec_command_options_callback)

#### cwd

Type: `string`\
Default: `process.cwd()`

Current working directory of the child process.

#### env

Type: `object`\
Default: `process.env`

Environment key-value pairs. Extends automatically from `process.env`. Set [`extendEnv`](#extendenv) to `false` if you don't want this.

#### argv0

Type: `string`

Explicitly set the value of `argv[0]` sent to the child process. This will be set to `file` if not specified.

#### stdio

Type: `string | string[]`\
Default: `pipe`

Child's [stdio](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio) configuration.

#### serialization

Type: `string`\
Default: `'json'`

Specify the kind of serialization used for sending messages between processes when using the [`stdio: 'ipc'`](#stdio) option or [`execa.node()`](#execanodescriptpath-arguments-options):
	- `json`: Uses `JSON.stringify()` and `JSON.parse()`.
	- `advanced`: Uses [`v8.serialize()`](https://nodejs.org/api/v8.html#v8_v8_serialize_value)

Requires Node.js `13.2.0` or later.

[More info.](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_advanced_serialization)

#### detached

Type: `boolean`

Prepare child to run independently of its parent process. Specific behavior [depends on the platform](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_detached).

#### uid

Type: `number`

Sets the user identity of the process.

#### gid

Type: `number`

Sets the group identity of the process.

#### shell

Type: `boolean | string`\
Default: `false`

If `true`, runs `file` inside of a shell. Uses `/bin/sh` on UNIX and `cmd.exe` on Windows. A different shell can be specified as a string. The shell should understand the `-c` switch on UNIX or `/d /s /c` on Windows.

We recommend against using this option since it is:
- not cross-platform, encouraging shell-specific syntax.
- slower, because of the additional shell interpretation.
- unsafe, potentially allowing command injection.

#### encoding

Type: `string | null`\
Default: `utf8`

Specify the character encoding used to decode the `stdout` and `stderr` output. If set to `null`, then `stdout` and `stderr` will be a `Buffer` instead of a string.

#### timeout

Type: `number`\
Default: `0`

If timeout is greater than `0`, the parent will send the signal identified by the `killSignal` property (the default is `SIGTERM`) if the child runs longer than timeout milliseconds.

#### maxBuffer

Type: `number`\
Default: `100_000_000` (100 MB)

Largest amount of data in bytes allowed on `stdout` or `stderr`.

#### killSignal

Type: `string | number`\
Default: `SIGTERM`

Signal value to be used when the spawned process will be killed.

#### windowsVerbatimArguments

Type: `boolean`\
Default: `false`

If `true`, no quoting or escaping of arguments is done on Windows. Ignored on other platforms. This is set to `true` automatically when the `shell` option is `true`.

#### windowsHide

Type: `boolean`\
Default: `true`

On Windows, do not create a new console window. Please note this also prevents `CTRL-C` [from working](https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/29837) on Windows.

#### nodePath *(For `.node()` only)*

Type: `string`\
Default: [`process.execPath`](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_execpath)

Node.js executable used to create the child process.

#### nodeOptions *(For `.node()` only)*

Type: `string[]`\
Default: [`process.execArgv`](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_execargv)

List of [CLI options](https://nodejs.org/api/cli.html#cli_options) passed to the Node.js executable.

## Tips

### Retry on error

Gracefully handle failures by using automatic retries and exponential backoff with the [`p-retry`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/p-retry) package:

```js
const pRetry = require('p-retry');

const run = async () => {
	const results = await execa('curl', ['-sSL', 'https://sindresorhus.com/unicorn']);
	return results;
};

(async () => {
	console.log(await pRetry(run, {retries: 5}));
})();
```

### Save and pipe output from a child process

Let's say you want to show the output of a child process in real-time while also saving it to a variable.

```js
const execa = require('execa');

const subprocess = execa('echo', ['foo']);
subprocess.stdout.pipe(process.stdout);

(async () => {
	const {stdout} = await subprocess;
	console.log('child output:', stdout);
})();
```

### Redirect output to a file

```js
const execa = require('execa');

const subprocess = execa('echo', ['foo'])
subprocess.stdout.pipe(fs.createWriteStream('stdout.txt'))
```

### Redirect input from a file

```js
const execa = require('execa');

const subprocess = execa('cat')
fs.createReadStream('stdin.txt').pipe(subprocess.stdin)
```

### Execute the current package's binary

```js
const {getBinPathSync} = require('get-bin-path');

const binPath = getBinPathSync();
const subprocess = execa(binPath);
```

`execa` can be combined with [`get-bin-path`](https://github.com/ehmicky/get-bin-path) to test the current package's binary. As opposed to hard-coding the path to the binary, this validates that the `package.json` `bin` field is correctly set up.

## Related

- [gulp-execa](https://github.com/ehmicky/gulp-execa) - Gulp plugin for `execa`
- [nvexeca](https://github.com/ehmicky/nvexeca) - Run `execa` using any Node.js version
- [sudo-prompt](https://github.com/jorangreef/sudo-prompt) - Run commands with elevated privileges.

## Maintainers

- [Sindre Sorhus](https://github.com/sindresorhus)
- [@ehmicky](https://github.com/ehmicky)

---

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		Tidelift helps make open source sustainable for maintainers while giving companies
assurances about security, maintenance, and licensing for their dependencies.


code:
'use strict';
const {PassThrough: PassThroughStream} = require('stream');

module.exports = options => {
	options = {...options};

	const {array} = options;
	let {encoding} = options;
	const isBuffer = encoding === 'buffer';
	let objectMode = false;

	if (array) {
		objectMode = !(encoding || isBuffer);
	} else {
		encoding = encoding || 'utf8';
	}

	if (isBuffer) {
		encoding = null;
	}

	const stream = new PassThroughStream({objectMode});

	if (encoding) {
		stream.setEncoding(encoding);
	}

	let length = 0;
	const chunks = [];

	stream.on('data', chunk => {
		chunks.push(chunk);

		if (objectMode) {
			length = chunks.length;
		} else {
			length += chunk.length;
		}
	});

	stream.getBufferedValue = () => {
		if (array) {
			return chunks;
		}

		return isBuffer ? Buffer.concat(chunks, length) : chunks.join('');
	};

	stream.getBufferedLength = () => length;

	return stream;
};


code:
/// <reference types="node"/>
import {Stream} from 'stream';

declare class MaxBufferErrorClass extends Error {
	readonly name: 'MaxBufferError';
	constructor();
}

declare namespace getStream {
	interface Options {
		/**
		Maximum length of the returned string. If it exceeds this value before the stream ends, the promise will be rejected with a `MaxBufferError` error.

		@default Infinity
		*/
		readonly maxBuffer?: number;
	}

	interface OptionsWithEncoding<EncodingType = BufferEncoding> extends Options {
		/**
		[Encoding](https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html#buffer_buffer) of the incoming stream.

		@default 'utf8'
		*/
		readonly encoding?: EncodingType;
	}

	type MaxBufferError = MaxBufferErrorClass;
}

declare const getStream: {
	/**
	Get the `stream` as a string.

	@returns A promise that resolves when the end event fires on the stream, indicating that there is no more data to be read. The stream is switched to flowing mode.

	@example
	```
	import * as fs from 'fs';
	import getStream = require('get-stream');

	(async () => {
		const stream = fs.createReadStream('unicorn.txt');

		console.log(await getStream(stream));
		//               ,,))))))));,
		//            __)))))))))))))),
		// \|/       -\(((((''''((((((((.
		// -*-==//////((''  .     `)))))),
		// /|\      ))| o    ;-.    '(((((                                  ,(,
		//          ( `|    /  )    ;))))'                               ,_))^;(~
		//             |   |   |   ,))((((_     _____------~~~-.        %,;(;(>';'~
		//             o_);   ;    )))(((` ~---~  `::           \      %%~~)(v;(`('~
		//                   ;    ''''````         `:       `:::|\,__,%%    );`'; ~
		//                  |   _                )     /      `:|`----'     `-'
		//            ______/\/~    |                 /        /
		//          /~;;.____/;;'  /          ___--,-(   `;;;/
		//         / //  _;______;'------~~~~~    /;;/\    /
		//        //  | |                        / ;   \;;,\
		//       (<_  | ;                      /',/-----'  _>
		//        \_| ||_                     //~;~~~~~~~~~
		//            `\_|                   (,~~
		//                                    \~\
		//                                     ~~
	})();
	```
	*/
	(stream: Stream, options?: getStream.OptionsWithEncoding): Promise<string>;

	/**
	Get the `stream` as a buffer.

	It honors the `maxBuffer` option as above, but it refers to byte length rather than string length.
	*/
	buffer(
		stream: Stream,
		options?: getStream.Options
	): Promise<Buffer>;

	/**
	Get the `stream` as an array of values.

	It honors both the `maxBuffer` and `encoding` options. The behavior changes slightly based on the encoding chosen:

	- When `encoding` is unset, it assumes an [object mode stream](https://nodesource.com/blog/understanding-object-streams/) and collects values emitted from `stream` unmodified. In this case `maxBuffer` refers to the number of items in the array (not the sum of their sizes).
	- When `encoding` is set to `buffer`, it collects an array of buffers. `maxBuffer` refers to the summed byte lengths of every buffer in the array.
	- When `encoding` is set to anything else, it collects an array of strings. `maxBuffer` refers to the summed character lengths of every string in the array.
	*/
	array<StreamObjectModeType>(
		stream: Stream,
		options?: getStream.Options
	): Promise<StreamObjectModeType[]>;
	array(
		stream: Stream,
		options: getStream.OptionsWithEncoding<'buffer'>
	): Promise<Buffer[]>;
	array(
		stream: Stream,
		options: getStream.OptionsWithEncoding<BufferEncoding>
	): Promise<string[]>;

	MaxBufferError: typeof MaxBufferErrorClass;
};

export = getStream;


code:
'use strict';
const {constants: BufferConstants} = require('buffer');
const stream = require('stream');
const {promisify} = require('util');
const bufferStream = require('./buffer-stream');

const streamPipelinePromisified = promisify(stream.pipeline);

class MaxBufferError extends Error {
	constructor() {
		super('maxBuffer exceeded');
		this.name = 'MaxBufferError';
	}
}

async function getStream(inputStream, options) {
	if (!inputStream) {
		throw new Error('Expected a stream');
	}

	options = {
		maxBuffer: Infinity,
		...options
	};

	const {maxBuffer} = options;
	const stream = bufferStream(options);

	await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
		const rejectPromise = error => {
			// Don't retrieve an oversized buffer.
			if (error && stream.getBufferedLength() <= BufferConstants.MAX_LENGTH) {
				error.bufferedData = stream.getBufferedValue();
			}

			reject(error);
		};

		(async () => {
			try {
				await streamPipelinePromisified(inputStream, stream);
				resolve();
			} catch (error) {
				rejectPromise(error);
			}
		})();

		stream.on('data', () => {
			if (stream.getBufferedLength() > maxBuffer) {
				rejectPromise(new MaxBufferError());
			}
		});
	});

	return stream.getBufferedValue();
}

module.exports = getStream;
module.exports.buffer = (stream, options) => getStream(stream, {...options, encoding: 'buffer'});
module.exports.array = (stream, options) => getStream(stream, {...options, array: true});
module.exports.MaxBufferError = MaxBufferError;


get-stream

description: Get a stream as a string, buffer, or array

repository: sindresorhus/get-stream

test: xo && ava && tsd

keywords: get stream promise concat string text buffer read data consume readable readablestream array object


code:
# get-stream

> Get a stream as a string, buffer, or array

## Install

```
$ npm install get-stream
```

## Usage

```js
const fs = require('fs');
const getStream = require('get-stream');

(async () => {
	const stream = fs.createReadStream('unicorn.txt');

	console.log(await getStream(stream));
	/*
	              ,,))))))));,
	           __)))))))))))))),
	\|/       -\(((((''''((((((((.
	-*-==//////((''  .     `)))))),
	/|\      ))| o    ;-.    '(((((                                  ,(,
	         ( `|    /  )    ;))))'                               ,_))^;(~
	            |   |   |   ,))((((_     _____------~~~-.        %,;(;(>';'~
	            o_);   ;    )))(((` ~---~  `::           \      %%~~)(v;(`('~
	                  ;    ''''````         `:       `:::|\,__,%%    );`'; ~
	                 |   _                )     /      `:|`----'     `-'
	           ______/\/~    |                 /        /
	         /~;;.____/;;'  /          ___--,-(   `;;;/
	        / //  _;______;'------~~~~~    /;;/\    /
	       //  | |                        / ;   \;;,\
	      (<_  | ;                      /',/-----'  _>
	       \_| ||_                     //~;~~~~~~~~~
	           `\_|                   (,~~
	                                   \~\
	                                    ~~
	*/
})();
```

## API

The methods returns a promise that resolves when the `end` event fires on the stream, indicating that there is no more data to be read. The stream is switched to flowing mode.

### getStream(stream, options?)

Get the `stream` as a string.

#### options

Type: `object`

##### encoding

Type: `string`\
Default: `'utf8'`

[Encoding](https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html#buffer_buffer) of the incoming stream.

##### maxBuffer

Type: `number`\
Default: `Infinity`

Maximum length of the returned string. If it exceeds this value before the stream ends, the promise will be rejected with a `getStream.MaxBufferError` error.

### getStream.buffer(stream, options?)

Get the `stream` as a buffer.

It honors the `maxBuffer` option as above, but it refers to byte length rather than string length.

### getStream.array(stream, options?)

Get the `stream` as an array of values.

It honors both the `maxBuffer` and `encoding` options. The behavior changes slightly based on the encoding chosen:

- When `encoding` is unset, it assumes an [object mode stream](https://nodesource.com/blog/understanding-object-streams/) and collects values emitted from `stream` unmodified. In this case `maxBuffer` refers to the number of items in the array (not the sum of their sizes).

- When `encoding` is set to `buffer`, it collects an array of buffers. `maxBuffer` refers to the summed byte lengths of every buffer in the array.

- When `encoding` is set to anything else, it collects an array of strings. `maxBuffer` refers to the summed character lengths of every string in the array.

## Errors

If the input stream emits an `error` event, the promise will be rejected with the error. The buffered data will be attached to the `bufferedData` property of the error.

```js
(async () => {
	try {
		await getStream(streamThatErrorsAtTheEnd('unicorn'));
	} catch (error) {
		console.log(error.bufferedData);
		//=> 'unicorn'
	}
})()
```

## FAQ

### How is this different from [`concat-stream`](https://github.com/maxogden/concat-stream)?

This module accepts a stream instead of being one and returns a promise instead of using a callback. The API is simpler and it only supports returning a string, buffer, or array. It doesn't have a fragile type inference. You explicitly choose what you want. And it doesn't depend on the huge `readable-stream` package.

## Related

- [get-stdin](https://github.com/sindresorhus/get-stdin) - Get stdin as a string or buffer

---

		Get professional support for this package with a Tidelift subscription

		Tidelift helps make open source sustainable for maintainers while giving companies
assurances about security, maintenance, and licensing for their dependencies.


code:
import * as stream from 'stream';

declare const isStream: {
	/**
	@returns Whether `stream` is a [`Stream`](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_stream).

	@example
	```
	import * as fs from 'fs';
	import isStream = require('is-stream');

	isStream(fs.createReadStream('unicorn.png'));
	//=> true

	isStream({});
	//=> false
	```
	*/
	(stream: unknown): stream is stream.Stream;

	/**
	@returns Whether `stream` is a [`stream.Writable`](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_writable).

	@example
	```
	import * as fs from 'fs';
	import isStream = require('is-stream');

	isStream.writable(fs.createWriteStrem('unicorn.txt'));
	//=> true
	```
	*/
	writable(stream: unknown): stream is stream.Writable;

	/**
	@returns Whether `stream` is a [`stream.Readable`](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_readable).

	@example
	```
	import * as fs from 'fs';
	import isStream = require('is-stream');

	isStream.readable(fs.createReadStream('unicorn.png'));
	//=> true
	```
	*/
	readable(stream: unknown): stream is stream.Readable;

	/**
	@returns Whether `stream` is a [`stream.Duplex`](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_duplex).

	@example
	```
	import {Duplex} from 'stream';
	import isStream = require('is-stream');

	isStream.duplex(new Duplex());
	//=> true
	```
	*/
	duplex(stream: unknown): stream is stream.Duplex;

	/**
	@returns Whether `stream` is a [`stream.Transform`](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_transform).

	@example
	```
	import * as fs from 'fs';
	import Stringify = require('streaming-json-stringify');
	import isStream = require('is-stream');

	isStream.transform(Stringify());
	//=> true
	```
	*/
	transform(input: unknown): input is stream.Transform;
};

export = isStream;


code:
'use strict';

const isStream = stream =>
	stream !== null &&
	typeof stream === 'object' &&
	typeof stream.pipe === 'function';

isStream.writable = stream =>
	isStream(stream) &&
	stream.writable !== false &&
	typeof stream._write === 'function' &&
	typeof stream._writableState === 'object';

isStream.readable = stream =>
	isStream(stream) &&
	stream.readable !== false &&
	typeof stream._read === 'function' &&
	typeof stream._readableState === 'object';

isStream.duplex = stream =>
	isStream.writable(stream) &&
	isStream.readable(stream);

isStream.transform = stream =>
	isStream.duplex(stream) &&
	typeof stream._transform === 'function';

module.exports = isStream;


is-stream

description: Check if something is a Node.js stream

repository: sindresorhus/is-stream

keywords: stream type streams writable readable duplex transform check detect is


code:
# is-stream

> Check if something is a [Node.js stream](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html)

## Install

```
$ npm install is-stream
```

## Usage

```js
const fs = require('fs');
const isStream = require('is-stream');

isStream(fs.createReadStream('unicorn.png'));
//=> true

isStream({});
//=> false
```

## API

### isStream(stream)

Returns a `boolean` for whether it's a [`Stream`](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_stream).

#### isStream.writable(stream)

Returns a `boolean` for whether it's a [`stream.Writable`](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_writable).

#### isStream.readable(stream)

Returns a `boolean` for whether it's a [`stream.Readable`](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_readable).

#### isStream.duplex(stream)

Returns a `boolean` for whether it's a [`stream.Duplex`](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_duplex).

#### isStream.transform(stream)

Returns a `boolean` for whether it's a [`stream.Transform`](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_transform).

## Related

- [is-file-stream](https://github.com/jamestalmage/is-file-stream) - Detect if a stream is a file stream

---

		Get professional support for this package with a Tidelift subscription

		Tidelift helps make open source sustainable for maintainers while giving companies
assurances about security, maintenance, and licensing for their dependencies.


code:
declare namespace npmRunPath {
	interface RunPathOptions {
		/**
		Working directory.

		@default process.cwd()
		*/
		readonly cwd?: string;

		/**
		PATH to be appended. Default: [`PATH`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/path-key).

		Set it to an empty string to exclude the default PATH.
		*/
		readonly path?: string;

		/**
		Path to the Node.js executable to use in child processes if that is different from the current one. Its directory is pushed to the front of PATH.

		This can be either an absolute path or a path relative to the `cwd` option.

		@default process.execPath
		*/
		readonly execPath?: string;
	}

	interface ProcessEnv {
		[key: string]: string | undefined;
	}

	interface EnvOptions {
		/**
		Working directory.

		@default process.cwd()
		*/
		readonly cwd?: string;

		/**
		Accepts an object of environment variables, like `process.env`, and modifies the PATH using the correct [PATH key](https://github.com/sindresorhus/path-key). Use this if you're modifying the PATH for use in the `child_process` options.
		*/
		readonly env?: ProcessEnv;

		/**
		Path to the current Node.js executable. Its directory is pushed to the front of PATH.

		This can be either an absolute path or a path relative to the `cwd` option.

		@default process.execPath
		*/
		readonly execPath?: string;
	}
}

declare const npmRunPath: {
	/**
	Get your [PATH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PATH_(variable)) prepended with locally installed binaries.

	@returns The augmented path string.

	@example
	```
	import * as childProcess from 'child_process';
	import npmRunPath = require('npm-run-path');

	console.log(process.env.PATH);
	//=> '/usr/local/bin'

	console.log(npmRunPath());
	//=> '/Users/sindresorhus/dev/foo/node_modules/.bin:/Users/sindresorhus/dev/node_modules/.bin:/Users/sindresorhus/node_modules/.bin:/Users/node_modules/.bin:/node_modules/.bin:/usr/local/bin'

	// `foo` is a locally installed binary
	childProcess.execFileSync('foo', {
		env: npmRunPath.env()
	});
	```
	*/
	(options?: npmRunPath.RunPathOptions): string;

	/**
	@returns The augmented [`process.env`](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_env) object.
	*/
	env(options?: npmRunPath.EnvOptions): npmRunPath.ProcessEnv;

	// TODO: Remove this for the next major release
	default: typeof npmRunPath;
};

export = npmRunPath;


code:
'use strict';
const path = require('path');
const pathKey = require('path-key');

const npmRunPath = options => {
	options = {
		cwd: process.cwd(),
		path: process.env[pathKey()],
		execPath: process.execPath,
		...options
	};

	let previous;
	let cwdPath = path.resolve(options.cwd);
	const result = [];

	while (previous !== cwdPath) {
		result.push(path.join(cwdPath, 'node_modules/.bin'));
		previous = cwdPath;
		cwdPath = path.resolve(cwdPath, '..');
	}

	// Ensure the running `node` binary is used
	const execPathDir = path.resolve(options.cwd, options.execPath, '..');
	result.push(execPathDir);

	return result.concat(options.path).join(path.delimiter);
};

module.exports = npmRunPath;
// TODO: Remove this for the next major release
module.exports.default = npmRunPath;

module.exports.env = options => {
	options = {
		env: process.env,
		...options
	};

	const env = {...options.env};
	const path = pathKey({env});

	options.path = env[path];
	env[path] = module.exports(options);

	return env;
};


npm-run-path

description: Get your PATH prepended with locally installed binaries

repository: sindresorhus/npm-run-path

keywords: npm run path package bin binary binaries script cli command-line execute executable


code:
# npm-run-path [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/sindresorhus/npm-run-path.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/sindresorhus/npm-run-path)

> Get your [PATH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PATH_(variable)) prepended with locally installed binaries

In [npm run scripts](https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/run-script) you can execute locally installed binaries by name. This enables the same outside npm.

## Install

```
$ npm install npm-run-path
```

## Usage

```js
const childProcess = require('child_process');
const npmRunPath = require('npm-run-path');

console.log(process.env.PATH);
//=> '/usr/local/bin'

console.log(npmRunPath());
//=> '/Users/sindresorhus/dev/foo/node_modules/.bin:/Users/sindresorhus/dev/node_modules/.bin:/Users/sindresorhus/node_modules/.bin:/Users/node_modules/.bin:/node_modules/.bin:/usr/local/bin'

// `foo` is a locally installed binary
childProcess.execFileSync('foo', {
	env: npmRunPath.env()
});
```

## API

### npmRunPath(options?)

Returns the augmented path string.

#### options

Type: `object`

##### cwd

Type: `string`

Default: `process.cwd()`

Working directory.

##### path

Type: `string`

Default: [`PATH`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/path-key)

PATH to be appended.

Set it to an empty string to exclude the default PATH.

##### execPath

Type: `string`

Default: `process.execPath`

Path to the current Node.js executable. Its directory is pushed to the front of PATH.

This can be either an absolute path or a path relative to the [`cwd` option](#cwd).

### npmRunPath.env(options?)

Returns the augmented [`process.env`](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_env) object.

#### options

Type: `object`

##### cwd

Type: `string`

Default: `process.cwd()`

Working directory.

##### env

Type: `Object`

Accepts an object of environment variables, like `process.env`, and modifies the PATH using the correct [PATH key](https://github.com/sindresorhus/path-key). Use this if you're modifying the PATH for use in the `child_process` options.

##### execPath

Type: `string`

Default: `process.execPath`

Path to the Node.js executable to use in child processes if that is different from the current one. Its directory is pushed to the front of PATH.

This can be either an absolute path or a path relative to the [`cwd` option](#cwd).

## Related

- [npm-run-path-cli](https://github.com/sindresorhus/npm-run-path-cli) - CLI for this module
- [execa](https://github.com/sindresorhus/execa) - Execute a locally installed binary

---

		Get professional support for this package with a Tidelift subscription

		Tidelift helps make open source sustainable for maintainers while giving companies
assurances about security, maintenance, and licensing for their dependencies.


code:
"use strict";

const {isIP} = require("net");
const execa = require("execa");
const dests = new Set(["default", "0.0.0.0", "0.0.0.0/0", "::", "::/0"]);

const args = {
  v4: ["-rn", "-f", "inet"],
  v6: ["-rn", "-f", "inet6"],
};

const parse = stdout => {
  let result;

  (stdout || "").trim().split("\n").some(line => {
    const results = line.split(/ +/) || [];
    const target = results[0];
    const gateway = results[1];
    const iface = results[7];
    if (dests.has(target) && gateway && isIP(gateway)) {
      result = {gateway, interface: (iface ? iface : null)};
      return true;
    }
  });

  if (!result) {
    throw new Error("Unable to determine default gateway");
  }

  return result;
};

const promise = async family => {
  const {stdout} = await execa("netstat", args[family]);
  return parse(stdout);
};

const sync = family => {
  const {stdout} = execa.sync("netstat", args[family]);
  return parse(stdout);
};

module.exports.v4 = () => promise("v4");
module.exports.v6 = () => promise("v6");

module.exports.v4.sync = () => sync("v4");
module.exports.v6.sync = () => sync("v6");


default-gateway

description: Get the default network gateway, cross-platform.

author: silverwind

repository: silverwind/default-gateway

keywords:
default gateway
network
default
gateway
routing
route


code:
"use strict";

const {isIP} = require("net");
const execa = require("execa");
const dests = new Set(["default", "0.0.0.0", "0.0.0.0/0", "::", "::/0"]);

const args = {
  v4: ["-rn", "-f", "inet"],
  v6: ["-rn", "-f", "inet6"],
};

const parse = stdout => {
  let result;

  (stdout || "").trim().split("\n").some(line => {
    const results = line.split(/ +/) || [];
    const target = results[0];
    const gateway = results[1];
    const iface = results[5];
    if (dests.has(target) && gateway && isIP(gateway)) {
      result = {gateway, interface: (iface ? iface : null)};
      return true;
    }
  });

  if (!result) {
    throw new Error("Unable to determine default gateway");
  }

  return result;
};

const promise = async family => {
  const {stdout} = await execa("netstat", args[family]);
  return parse(stdout);
};

const sync = family => {
  const {stdout} = execa.sync("netstat", args[family]);
  return parse(stdout);
};

module.exports.v4 = () => promise("v4");
module.exports.v6 = () => promise("v6");

module.exports.v4.sync = () => sync("v4");
module.exports.v6.sync = () => sync("v6");


code:
"use strict";

const {isIP} = require("net");
const {networkInterfaces} = require("os");
const execa = require("execa");

const gwArgs = "path Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration where IPEnabled=true get DefaultIPGateway,GatewayCostMetric,IPConnectionMetric,Index /format:table".split(" ");
const ifArgs = index => `path Win32_NetworkAdapter where Index=${index} get NetConnectionID,MACAddress /format:table`.split(" ");

const spawnOpts = {
  windowsHide: true,
};

// Parsing tables like this. The final metric is GatewayCostMetric + IPConnectionMetric
//
// DefaultIPGateway             GatewayCostMetric  Index  IPConnectionMetric
// {"1.2.3.4", "2001:db8::1"}   {0, 256}           12     25
// {"2.3.4.5"}                  {25}               12     55
function parseGwTable(gwTable, family) {
  let [bestGw, bestMetric, bestId] = [null, null, null];

  for (let line of (gwTable || "").trim().split(/\r?\n/).splice(1)) {
    line = line.trim();
    const [_, gwArr, gwCostsArr, id, ipMetric] = /({.+?}) +?({.+?}) +?([0-9]+) +?([0-9]+)/g.exec(line) || [];
    if (!gwArr) continue;

    const gateways = (gwArr.match(/"(.+?)"/g) || []).map(match => match.substring(1, match.length - 1));
    const gatewayCosts = (gwCostsArr.match(/[0-9]+/g) || []);

    for (const [index, gateway] of Object.entries(gateways)) {
      if (!gateway || `v${isIP(gateway)}` !== family) continue;

      const metric = parseInt(gatewayCosts[index]) + parseInt(ipMetric);
      if (!bestGw || metric < bestMetric) {
        [bestGw, bestMetric, bestId] = [gateway, metric, id];
      }
    }
  }

  if (bestGw) return [bestGw, bestId];
}

function parseIfTable(ifTable) {
  const line = (ifTable || "").trim().split("\n")[1];

  let [mac, name] = line.trim().split(/\s+/);
  mac = mac.toLowerCase();

  // try to get the interface name by matching the mac to os.networkInterfaces to avoid wmic's encoding issues
  // https://github.com/silverwind/default-gateway/issues/14
  for (const [osname, addrs] of Object.entries(networkInterfaces())) {
    for (const addr of addrs) {
      if (addr && addr.mac && addr.mac.toLowerCase() === mac) {
        return osname;
      }
    }
  }
  return name;
}

const promise = async family => {
  const {stdout} = await execa("wmic", gwArgs, spawnOpts);
  const [gateway, id] = parseGwTable(stdout, family) || [];

  if (!gateway) {
    throw new Error("Unable to determine default gateway");
  }

  let name;
  if (id) {
    const {stdout} = await execa("wmic", ifArgs(id), spawnOpts);
    name = parseIfTable(stdout);
  }

  return {gateway, interface: name ? name : null};
};

const sync = family => {
  const {stdout} = execa.sync("wmic", gwArgs, spawnOpts);
  const [gateway, id] = parseGwTable(stdout, family) || [];

  if (!gateway) {
    throw new Error("Unable to determine default gateway");
  }

  let name;
  if (id) {
    const {stdout} = execa.sync("wmic", ifArgs(id), spawnOpts);
    name = parseIfTable(stdout);
  }

  return {gateway, interface: name ? name : null};
};

module.exports.v4 = () => promise("v4");
module.exports.v6 = () => promise("v6");

module.exports.v4.sync = () => sync("v4");
module.exports.v6.sync = () => sync("v6");


code:
# defaults

> A simple one level options merge utility

## Install

```sh
npm install defaults
```

## Usage

```js
const defaults = require('defaults');

const handle = (options, fn) => {
	options = defaults(options, {
		timeout: 100
	});

	setTimeout(() => {
		fn(options);
	}, options.timeout);
}

handle({timeout: 1000}, () => {
	// We're here 1000 ms later
});

handle({timeout: 10000}, () => {
	// We're here 10s later
});
```

## Summary

this module exports a function that takes 2 arguments: `options` and `defaults`.  When called, it overrides all of `undefined` properties in `options` with the clones of properties defined in `defaults`

Sidecases: if called with a falsy `options` value, options will be initialized to a new object before being merged onto.


code:
var clone = require('clone');

module.exports = function(options, defaults) {
  options = options || {};

  Object.keys(defaults).forEach(function(key) {
    if (typeof options[key] === 'undefined') {
      options[key] = clone(defaults[key]);
    }
  });

  return options;
};


defaults

description: merge single level defaults over a config object

test: node test.js

type: git

keywords: config defaults options object merge assign properties deep

author: Elijah Insua <tmpvar@gmail.com>


code:
var defaults = require('./'),
    test = require('tap').test;

test("ensure options is an object", function(t) {
  var options = defaults(false, { a : true });
  t.ok(options.a);
  t.end()
});

test("ensure defaults override keys", function(t) {
  var result = defaults({}, { a: false, b: true });
  t.ok(result.b, 'b merges over undefined');
  t.equal(result.a, false, 'a merges over undefined');
  t.end();
});

test("ensure defined keys are not overwritten", function(t) {
  var result = defaults({ b: false }, { a: false, b: true });
  t.equal(result.b, false, 'b not merged');
  t.equal(result.a, false, 'a merges over undefined');
  t.end();
});

test("ensure defaults clone nested objects", function(t) {
  var d = { a: [1,2,3], b: { hello : 'world' } };
  var result = defaults({}, d);
  t.equal(result.a.length, 3, 'objects should be clones');
  t.ok(result.a !== d.a, 'objects should be clones');

  t.equal(Object.keys(result.b).length, 1, 'objects should be clones');
  t.ok(result.b !== d.b, 'objects should be clones');
  t.end();
});


code:
{
	"root": true,

	"extends": "@ljharb",

	"rules": {
		"complexity": 0,
		"id-length": 0,
		"new-cap": ["error", {
			"capIsNewExceptions": [
				"GetIntrinsic",
			],
		}],
	},

	"overrides": [
		{
			"files": "test/**",
			"rules": {
				"max-lines-per-function": "off",
			},
		},
	],
}


code:
# These are supported funding model platforms

github: [ljharb]
patreon: # Replace with a single Patreon username
open_collective: # Replace with a single Open Collective username
ko_fi: # Replace with a single Ko-fi username
tidelift: npm/define-data-property
community_bridge: # Replace with a single Community Bridge project-name e.g., cloud-foundry
liberapay: # Replace with a single Liberapay username
issuehunt: # Replace with a single IssueHunt username
otechie: # Replace with a single Otechie username
custom: # Replace with up to 4 custom sponsorship URLs e.g., ['link1', 'link2']


reporter: text-summary text html json

exclude: coverage test


code:
# Changelog

All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.

The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/)
and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).

## [v1.1.4](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/compare/v1.1.3...v1.1.4) - 2024-02-13

### Commits

- [Refactor] use `es-define-property` [`90f2f4c`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/90f2f4cc20298401e71c28e1e08888db12021453)
- [Dev Deps] update `@types/object.getownpropertydescriptors` [`cd929d9`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/cd929d9a04f5f2fdcfa9d5be140940b91a083153)

## [v1.1.3](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/compare/v1.1.2...v1.1.3) - 2024-02-12

### Commits

- [types] hand-write d.ts instead of emitting it [`0cbc988`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/0cbc988203c105f2d97948327c7167ebd33bd318)
- [meta] simplify `exports` [`690781e`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/690781eed28bbf2d6766237efda0ba6dd591609e)
- [Dev Deps] update `hasown`; clean up DT packages [`6cdfd1c`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/6cdfd1cb2d91d791bfd18cda5d5cab232fd5d8fc)
- [actions] cleanup [`3142bc6`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/3142bc6a4bc406a51f5b04f31e98562a27f35ffd)
- [meta] add `funding` [`8474423`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/847442391a79779af3e0f1bf0b5bb923552b7804)
- [Deps] update `get-intrinsic` [`3e9be00`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/3e9be00e07784ba34e7c77d8bc0fdbc832ad61de)

## [v1.1.2](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/compare/v1.1.1...v1.1.2) - 2024-02-05

### Commits

- [Dev Deps] update @types packages, `object-inspect`, `tape`, `typescript` [`df41bf8`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/df41bf84ca3456be6226055caab44e38e3a7fd2f)
- [Dev Deps] update DT packages, `aud`, `npmignore`, `tape`, typescript` [`fab0e4e`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/fab0e4ec709ee02b79f42d6db3ee5f26e0a34b8a)
- [Dev Deps] use `hasown` instead of `has` [`aa51ef9`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/aa51ef93f6403d49d9bb72a807bcdb6e418978c0)
- [Refactor] use `es-errors`, so things that only need those do not need `get-intrinsic` [`d89be50`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/d89be50571175888d391238605122679f7e65ffc)
- [Deps] update `has-property-descriptors` [`7af887c`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/7af887c9083b59b195b0079e04815cfed9fcee2b)
- [Deps] update `get-intrinsic` [`bb8728e`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/bb8728ec42cd998505a7157ae24853a560c20646)

## [v1.1.1](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/compare/v1.1.0...v1.1.1) - 2023-10-12

### Commits

- [Tests] fix tests in ES3 engines [`5c6920e`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/5c6920edd1f52f675b02f417e539c28135b43f94)
- [Dev Deps] update `@types/es-value-fixtures`, `@types/for-each`, `@types/gopd`, `@types/has-property-descriptors`, `tape`, `typescript` [`7d82dfc`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/7d82dfc20f778b4465bba06335dd53f6f431aea3)
- [Fix] IE 8 has a broken `Object.defineProperty` [`0672e1a`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/0672e1af2a9fcc787e7c23b96dea60d290df5548)
- [meta] emit types on prepack [`73acb1f`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/73acb1f903c21b314ec7156bf10f73c7910530c0)
- [Dev Deps] update `tape`, `typescript` [`9489a77`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/9489a7738bf2ecf0ac71d5b78ec4ca6ad7ba0142)

## [v1.1.0](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/compare/v1.0.1...v1.1.0) - 2023-09-13

### Commits

- [New] add `loose` arg [`155235a`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/155235a4c4d7741f6de01cd87c99599a56654b72)
- [New] allow `null` to be passed for the non* args [`7d2fa5f`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/7d2fa5f06be0392736c13b126f7cd38979f34792)

## [v1.0.1](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/compare/v1.0.0...v1.0.1) - 2023-09-12

### Commits

- [meta] add TS types [`43d763c`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/43d763c6c883f652de1c9c02ef6216ee507ffa69)
- [Dev Deps] update `@types/tape`, `typescript` [`f444985`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/f444985811c36f3e6448a03ad2f9b7898917f4c7)
- [meta] add `safe-publish-latest`, [`172bb10`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/172bb10890896ebb160e64398f6ee55760107bee)

## v1.0.0 - 2023-09-12

### Commits

- Initial implementation, tests, readme [`5b43d6b`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/5b43d6b44e675a904810467a7d4e0adb7efc3196)
- Initial commit [`35e577a`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/35e577a6ba59a98befa97776d70d90f3bea9009d)
- npm init [`82a0a04`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/82a0a04a321ca7de220af02d41e2745e8a9962ed)
- Only apps should have lockfiles [`96df244`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/96df244a3c6f426f9a2437be825d1c6f5dd7158e)
- [meta] use `npmignore` to autogenerate an npmignore file [`a87ff18`](https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/commit/a87ff18cb79e14c2eb5720486c4759fd9a189375)


code:
# define-data-property <sup>[![Version Badge][npm-version-svg]][package-url]</sup>

[![github actions][actions-image]][actions-url]
[![coverage][codecov-image]][codecov-url]
[![License][license-image]][license-url]
[![Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]

[![npm badge][npm-badge-png]][package-url]

Define a data property on an object. Will fall back to assignment in an engine without descriptors.

The three `non*` argument can also be passed `null`, which will use the existing state if available.

The `loose` argument will mean that if you attempt to set a non-normal data property, in an environment without descriptor support, it will fall back to normal assignment.

## Usage

```javascript
var defineDataProperty = require('define-data-property');
var assert = require('assert');

var obj = {};
defineDataProperty(obj, 'key', 'value');
defineDataProperty(
	obj,
	'key2',
	'value',
	true, // nonEnumerable, optional
	false, // nonWritable, optional
	true, // nonConfigurable, optional
	false // loose, optional
);

assert.deepEqual(
	Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(obj),
	{
		key: {
			configurable: true,
			enumerable: true,
			value: 'value',
			writable: true,
		},
		key2: {
			configurable: false,
			enumerable: false,
			value: 'value',
			writable: true,
		},
	}
);
```

[package-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/define-data-property
[npm-version-svg]: https://versionbadg.es/ljharb/define-data-property.svg
[deps-svg]: https://david-dm.org/ljharb/define-data-property.svg
[deps-url]: https://david-dm.org/ljharb/define-data-property
[dev-deps-svg]: https://david-dm.org/ljharb/define-data-property/dev-status.svg
[dev-deps-url]: https://david-dm.org/ljharb/define-data-property#info=devDependencies
[npm-badge-png]: https://nodei.co/npm/define-data-property.png?downloads=true&stars=true
[license-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/l/define-data-property.svg
[license-url]: LICENSE
[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/define-data-property.svg
[downloads-url]: https://npm-stat.com/charts.html?package=define-data-property
[codecov-image]: https://codecov.io/gh/ljharb/define-data-property/branch/main/graphs/badge.svg
[codecov-url]: https://app.codecov.io/gh/ljharb/define-data-property/
[actions-image]: https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://github-actions-badge-u3jn4tfpocch.runkit.sh/ljharb/define-data-property
[actions-url]: https://github.com/ljharb/define-data-property/actions


code:
declare function defineDataProperty(
    obj: Record<PropertyKey, unknown>,
    property: keyof typeof obj,
    value: typeof obj[typeof property],
    nonEnumerable?: boolean | null,
    nonWritable?: boolean | null,
    nonConfigurable?: boolean | null,
    loose?: boolean
): void;

export = defineDataProperty;


code:
'use strict';

var $defineProperty = require('es-define-property');

var $SyntaxError = require('es-errors/syntax');
var $TypeError = require('es-errors/type');

var gopd = require('gopd');

/** @type {import('.')} */
module.exports = function defineDataProperty(
	obj,
	property,
	value
) {
	if (!obj || (typeof obj !== 'object' && typeof obj !== 'function')) {
		throw new $TypeError('`obj` must be an object or a function`');
	}
	if (typeof property !== 'string' && typeof property !== 'symbol') {
		throw new $TypeError('`property` must be a string or a symbol`');
	}
	if (arguments.length > 3 && typeof arguments[3] !== 'boolean' && arguments[3] !== null) {
		throw new $TypeError('`nonEnumerable`, if provided, must be a boolean or null');
	}
	if (arguments.length > 4 && typeof arguments[4] !== 'boolean' && arguments[4] !== null) {
		throw new $TypeError('`nonWritable`, if provided, must be a boolean or null');
	}
	if (arguments.length > 5 && typeof arguments[5] !== 'boolean' && arguments[5] !== null) {
		throw new $TypeError('`nonConfigurable`, if provided, must be a boolean or null');
	}
	if (arguments.length > 6 && typeof arguments[6] !== 'boolean') {
		throw new $TypeError('`loose`, if provided, must be a boolean');
	}

	var nonEnumerable = arguments.length > 3 ? arguments[3] : null;
	var nonWritable = arguments.length > 4 ? arguments[4] : null;
	var nonConfigurable = arguments.length > 5 ? arguments[5] : null;
	var loose = arguments.length > 6 ? arguments[6] : false;

	/* @type {false | TypedPropertyDescriptor<unknown>} */
	var desc = !!gopd && gopd(obj, property);

	if ($defineProperty) {
		$defineProperty(obj, property, {
			configurable: nonConfigurable === null && desc ? desc.configurable : !nonConfigurable,
			enumerable: nonEnumerable === null && desc ? desc.enumerable : !nonEnumerable,
			value: value,
			writable: nonWritable === null && desc ? desc.writable : !nonWritable
		});
	} else if (loose || (!nonEnumerable && !nonWritable && !nonConfigurable)) {
		// must fall back to [[Set]], and was not explicitly asked to make non-enumerable, non-writable, or non-configurable
		obj[property] = value; // eslint-disable-line no-param-reassign
	} else {
		throw new $SyntaxError('This environment does not support defining a property as non-configurable, non-writable, or non-enumerable.');
	}
};


define-data-property

description: Define a data property on an object. Will fall back to assignment in an engine without descriptors.

prepublish: not-in-publish || npm run prepublishOnly

prepublishOnly: safe-publish-latest

tsc: tsc -p .

prelint: evalmd README.md

lint: eslint --ext=js,mjs .

postlint: npm run tsc

pretest: npm run lint

tests-only: nyc tape 'test/**/*.js'

test: npm run tests-only

posttest: aud --production

version: auto-changelog && git add CHANGELOG.md

postversion: auto-changelog && git add CHANGELOG.md && git commit --no-edit --amend && git tag -f "v$(node -e "console.log(require('./package.json').version)")"

keywords: define data property object accessor javascript ecmascript enumerable configurable writable

author: Jordan Harband <ljharb@gmail.com>

typescript: next

output: CHANGELOG.md

template: keepachangelog