how are molecules other than glucose" broken down?
953474
As you probably know, the breakdown of glucose is catalysed by a set of enzymes in a metabolic pathway; one that's very complex called glycolysis.\n\nIt would be unfeasable to have a unique metabolic pathway to breakdown every carbohydrate nutrient. Instead there's a collection of enzymes that convert these alternatives into a form that can be entered into the glycolytic pathway (the usual pathway). \n\nFor instance, the monosaccharide galactose is acted upon by the enzymes galactokinase and galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase. After these 2 metabolic steps, galactose is converted into glucose-1-phosphate; this then enters glycolysis.
930311
Two per molecule of glucose
10298
Starch is a polymer made up of repeating units of glucose.  Starch has two forms, amylose and amylopectin, depending on how the glucose monomers are connected to one another.  Regardless, when starch is first broken down (hydrolyzed), the product is glucose.  \n\nThe next step depends in what context the starch is broken down.  A couple of examples:\n\nWhen you eat a potato, your body then breaks the glucose down further through various metabolic pathways to get energy, or stores it as fat.  \n\nIf you don't eat the potato but instead feed it to some yeast, the glucose is fermented to form ethanol, which you can distill and get vodka.
771281
Some molecules (but not many) can be absorbed through the stomach lining.  Glucose isn't absorbed from food until it enters the small intestine.\n\nThe main kinds of things that are absorbed through the stomach lining are small non-polar uncharged molecules.  Glucose can only cross cell membranes if the membrane has a glucose transporter protein.
484711
Glycolysis, Glucose is imported into a cell and undergoes several structural changes before it becomes pyruvate which is the actual chemical we respire.\n\nGlucose-glucose6phosphate-fructose6phosphate-fructose 1,6 bisphosphate-2 x pyruvates
907456
It is called glycolysis.  Also note that one 6-carbon glucose is broken down into two 3-carbon compounds.  Each 3-carbon compound is called pyruvate.
774456
Some are transported from outside the cell.  Others are derived from the degradation of polypeptide - protein turnover.  Yet others are produced via biochemical synthetic pathways.  Depending on the condition of cells, these 3 sources will varies.
1176289
there is no such thing as an imbalaced biostructure.  Unstable molecules are a piece of fictional technology.  Do you mean free radicals?  most of them are produced, or were there in the beginning.  They self-replicated and had very low 'life'.  that's all I can do for now.
1167685
Disaccharides can be hydrolzed into important monosaccharides (such as glucose, galactoce, etc)\nGlucose is very important as a energy source, and building blocks for polysaccharides, such as glycogen (energy storage),cellulose, etc
25078
Food usually consists of carbohydrates and proteins.  Carbohydrate means literally carbon with water and that's what they are made of, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.  Proteins are made from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.\n\nWhen you burn something on the stove, the molecules are broken down to their elements, and the hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen being gasses float away, leaving the carbon behind as a solid.\n\nThe molecules won't ever completely break down, and there will always be minute amounts of other compounds, so the burnt bits won't be pure carbon, but a mess of carbon glued together with other substances.
904339
Cells produce energy via cellular respiration. Glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm into pyruvic acid and then further broken down in the mitochondria. Free radicals, mainly methyl, work by bonding to your DNA and effectively turning off genes. If the right (or wrong) combinations of genes are turned off via free radicals, cancer could be the result.
706797
TRUE\nFirst of all all living cells do not produce energy from glucose only,but also from fats and proteins(during starvation).\nAnd then,most of the energy released is lost as heat energy.The remaining energy is stored as ATP( which is like a 'battery').Just as a battery can be 'plugged on' to different objects to produce light(torch),sound(tape recorder),etc so also the ATP can also be used as and when required to provide energy for locomotion,to produce light(glow worm),electricity(ray fish) etc.
621639
your body makes enzymes (special proteins) to break down carbs/sugars (amylases), proteins (proteases), and fats (lipases)\n\nLactose, a sugar, is broken down by lactase, and if there's something wrong with it, only your absorption of lactose is affected. Other nutrients have other ways of being absorbed that have nothing to do with lactase.
979681
ATP expelling water.  Glucose is broken down to make ATP and the process consumes oxygen, while expelling water. :)
199728
Amylase is an enzyme, that is, it is a catalist for the reaction (eases and accelerates it) but does not participate in the reaction itself. Starch is a polysaccharide formed by molecules of glucose, and what happens is that starch breaks down, i.e. the bonds between these glucose molecules are hydrolized (destroyed by addition of water, H2O), resulting in smaller polysaccharids (maltose), disaccharids and eventually single glucoses (monosaccharides). This reaction releases energy, the energy that was previously stored in those chemical bonds during the synthesis of starch; thus, it's exergonic (in fact all breakdown reactions - catabolism- are exergonic/exothermic).
749182
Nonpolar bonds in sugars and starch
442217
Carbohydrates are broken down as glucose.  We use glucose to make ATP, which is energy for our body, so we can jump, hop, skip, and walk.