how to make a double helix DNA strand out of tinker toys?
963785
It is easy to do with expensive tinker toys called molecular modelling kits.
62320
well, hope these help:\n\nhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A388217\n\nhttp://www.chemistrysurvival.com/
1033247
Here's a great animation that helps explain it:  http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAreplication.html
715337
I had to do the same thing.\n\nHere's what I did. it was real easy.\n\nGo to a craft store, get a plastic see through empty ball that you can take apart in halves. Then buy clear candle GEL. Get a wire for orbitals and beads for electrons.\n\nWhat you do is melt the candle gel in a pan until it is liquid, let it cool a little and pour it into half the ball, put your "orbitals" with the electrons in place on the gel, put the second half of the ball on, tape it shut and some tape and string to hang it up.\n\nIt takes about 5 minutes to make and is visible from all angles.
151632
two slinkies for the double helix.  Large beads and be added to suggest the molecules.
107116
I jsut did the same project with my 13 year old son.\nThis is what we used\n\nhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/plants/cell/anatomy.GIF\n\nwe had to make a model
511827
Simply:\nTake sample cells from your body where a mutation is expected, and from a normal site.\n\nUse an enzyme to dissolve the cell's membrane\n\nUse alcohols to separate the DNA from the solution.\n\nTake the solution and use PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) to technically clone the DNA (make copies of it), but add in both normal and abnormal nucleotides (For both the mutated and non-mutated)\n\nPut it in a gel electrophoresis chamber and run electricity through the solution.\n\nYou can actually separate the abnormal nucleotides into specific chambers (A C G T )\n\nThe DNA fragments will separate throughout the gel and will create a pattern which shows the order of the nucleotides so you can find the specific code for the DNA.\n\nCompare the suspected mutated one to the normal cell.\n\n(It's pretty complex but that's the simple version)
584734
I gave a lecture on this recently and have had first hand experience with this technology in a lab, so let me give you a brief and easy summary to take with you about this topic about Recombinant DNA Technology:\n\nIn order to clone you need 2 things: Bacterial DNA (the circular form called a "plasmid"), and the DNA you want to clone (be it human, mouse, plant, other species etc)\n\nThen you will need to cut the Bacterial DNA with enzymes called "endonucleases" that work like scissors. (So imagine a circle and I take a pair of scissors and cut the circle at some point in it, b/c I want to insert the foreign DNA (non native DNA) where I had cut.) I will have to do the same with the foreign DNA and have endonucleases cut OUT the particular piece i want cloned. \n\nThen we can put the two pieces together, the cut circular plasmid DNA from the bacteria, and the CUT out piece of foreign DNA. \n\nWhen we put the two pieces together it is called "ligation", and it is done as a reaction in a tube with enzymes inside that "glue" the "sticky ends" of the bacteria DNA to the foreign DNA. \n\nAfter the reaction normally done in a 16 deg. Celsius water bath, we now will have "circular" plasmids with our Foreign DNA inserted into the bacterial DNA (the circle DNA)\n\nThen we would re-insert this DNA back into the bacterial host (that the circle DNA first came out of) in a process called "transformation", this is where the broth from the water bath we just discussed is grown in a growth medium at 37 deg. celsius so that the bacteria can grow and produce MORE of those circle plasmids with our foreign DNA inserted into it. \n\nThen we would "plate" these onto agar plates, and let them grow in incubators at 37 deg. Celsius over night until we get small colonies of bacteria on the plate. \n\nEach "mound" of bacteria (small like white dots on the plate) contains millions of copies of our gene (inserted in the circular plasmid DNA of the bacteria). \n\nNow we can take these small colonies, and harvest them further, by putting them in large Erlenmeyer flasks to be grown in the same "growth broth" over night on a shaker for 37 deg. celsius. \n\nAfter of which we can harvest, and purify that culture so that only the circular plasmids remain (this is a long and convuluted process so we won't go into it in detail here), and from there you can store those in a 4 deg. Celsius fridge and keep it in stock for further research purposes. \n\nHope that helps!
561530
4.  DNA is double stranded so if it replicates once you have four strands.
492660
as far as i know its used for DNA figerprinting in electophoresis (i didnt spell that right).  basically you use a gel like substance, put DNA fragments in it (mixed w. dye) and put this in a solution and hook the one end of the whole device to a negative battery side or something and the other end to a positive side and the DNA fragments will seperate and u can use it to match up DNA samples w. people etc.
901348
well let me think...ITS A DOUBLE HELIX!!!!!!!!!!!!\nDOUBLE          DOUBLE               DOUBLE
570732
Please define what you are asking for.  That is a DNA sequence.  The complementary strand would have the sequence 3' GTCCAT 5' , but I'm not sure what you want.
1140133
The four nucleotide bases, the building blocks of every piece of DNA, are represented by the letters A, C, G, and T, which stand for their chemical names: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. The A on one strand always pairs with the T on the other, whereas C always pairs with G. The two strands are said to be complementary to each other. \n\nTo copy DNA, polymerase requires two other components: a supply of the four nucleotide bases and something called a primer. DNA polymerases, whether from humans, bacteria, or viruses, cannot copy a chain of DNA without a short sequence of nucleotides to "prime" the process, or get it started. So the cell has another enzyme called a primase that actually makes the first few nucleotides of the copy. This stretch of DNA is called a primer. Once the primer is made, the polymerase can take over making the rest of the new chain. \n\nA PCR vial contains all the necessary components for DNA duplication: a piece of DNA, large quantities of the four nucleotides, large quantities of the primer sequence, and DNA polymerase. The polymerase is the Taq polymerase, named for Thermus aquaticus, from which it was isolated. \n\nThe three parts of the polymerase chain reaction are carried out in the same vial, but at different temperatures. The first part of the process separates the two DNA chains in the double helix. This is done simply by heating the vial to 90-75 degrees centigrade (about 165 degrees Fahrenheit) for 30 seconds. \n\nBut the primers cannot bind to the DNA strands at such a high temperature, so the vial is cooled to 55 degrees C. At this temperature, the primers bind or "anneal" to the ends of the DNA strands. This takes about 20 seconds. \n\nThe final step of the reaction is to make a complete copy of the templates. Since the Taq polymerase works best at around 75 degrees C (the temperature of the hot springs where the bacterium was discovered), the temperature of the vial is raised. \n\nThe Taq polymerase begins adding nucleotides to the primer and eventually makes a complementary copy of the template. If the template contains an A nucleotide, the enzyme adds on a T nucleotide to the primer. If the template contains a G, it adds a C to the new chain, and so on to the end of the DNA strand. This completes one PCR cycle.  \n\nIf Instead of G if A gets added to C, then its called as mismatch...or mutation which DNA come over by repair mechanism...\n\nhope this helps!!!
137583
I've never constructed a double helix before, but try using straws with wooden skewers run through them [to act as stabilizers] and spray-painted styrofoam balls.  I know that styrofoam balls aren't actually household items, but you can pick them up pretty easily at a local arts and crafts store.  \n\nIf the teacher doesn't mind, I suppose you could use apples and oranges...  ^^\n\nAnything that is porous and easy to skewer ought to work.  Like an eraser.
378211
its a double helix.\n\n  \n 1. DNA is made up of subunits which scientists called nucleotides.\n   2. Each nucleotide is made up of a sugar, a phosphate and a base.\n   3. There are 4 different bases in a DNA molecule:\n\n          adenine (a purine) \n          cytosine (a pyrimidine) \n          guanine (a purine) \n          thymine (a pyrimidine) \n\n   4. The number of purine bases equals the number of pyrimidine bases\n   5. The number of adenine bases equals the number of thymine bases\n   6. The number of guanine bases equals the number of cytosine bases\n   7. The basic structure of the DNA molecule is helical, with the bases being stacked on top of each other
919108
I'm a biology teacher, and a cell model is a project every year.\n\nUse a HARD beachball about the size of a basketball....or a cheap dimestore basket ball. Cut in in half and use thin wires to suspend the various organelles inside.
116584
The PCR process consists of a series of twenty to thirty cycles. Each cycle consists of three steps \n\n The double-stranded DNA has to be heated to 94-96°C in order to separate the strands. This step is called denaturing; it breaks apart the hydrogen bonds that connect the two DNA strands. Prior to the first cycle, the DNA is often denatured for an extended time to ensure that both the template DNA and the primers have completely separated and are now single-strand only. Time: 1-2 minutes.\n\n\nAfter separating the DNA strands, the temperature is lowered so the primers can attach themselves to the single DNA strands. This step is called annealing. The temperature of this stage depends on the primers and is usually 5°C below their melting temperature (45-60°C). A wrong temperature during the annealing step can result in primers not binding to the template DNA at all, or binding at random. Time: 1-2 minutes.\n\nFinally, the DNA-Polymerase has to fill in the missing strands. It starts at the annealed primer and works its way along the DNA strand. This step is called extension. The extension temperature depends on the DNA-Polymerase. The time for this step depends both on the DNA-Polymerase itself and on the length of the DNA fragment to be amplified. As a rule-of-thumb, 1 minute per 1000bp.\n\n\nRestriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) is a technique in which organisms may be differentiated by analysis of patterns derived from cleavage of their DNA. If two organisms differ in the distance between sites of cleavage of a particular restriction endonuclease, the length of the fragments produced will differ when the DNA is digested with a restriction enzyme. The similarity of the patterns generated can be used to differentiate species (and even strains) from one another.