Who discovered irregular galaxies?
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Pierre Méchain\n\nIrregular galaxies are those which do not match the standard Hubble scheme of elliptical, spiral and lenticular galaxies. \nThere's only one irregular galaxy in Messier's catalog: M82, and this one is a distorted disk galaxy. The distortion is due to gravitational interaction with its larger and more massive neighbor M81. \n\nAnother, very similar example is at least mentioned in Messier's catalog, though it did not get a number on its own: NGC 5195, the companion of the Whirlpool galaxy M51, which had been discovered by Pierre Méchain. The only further irregular galaxies known to 1782 are the Large and the Small Magellanic Cloud; these are probably miniature disk galaxies in mutual gravitational interaction, and in interaction with our Milky Way.
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Two mathematicians, James Gregory (1638-1675) and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), each working independantly of one another, discovered an infinite series for arctan x in the 1670's. This arctangent series led to the first ever found infinite series for .
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this is not a question about astronomy.\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy
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1572---Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) observes a "new star." (See also here.) \n\n1582---Pope Gregory the 13th reforms the calendar. \n  1588   The "Spanish Armada," a fleet attacking Britain, is destroyed by the British navy and by storms. For the first time Britain is able to claim part of the American continent. \n  Europe and Asia are introduced to American crops--potatoes, tomatoes, corn. Europe´s diet is also gradually enriched by sugar, oranges and pepper, originating in India. \n1609---Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) builds the first astronomical telescope and observes for the first time craters on the Moon, satellites around Jupiter, and the way Venus goes through phases like the Moon (crescent, etc.) .\n\n1610 (approx) Sunspots and their rotation with the Sun were discovered independently by Galileo Galilei, Johann Fabricius (Holland) and Christopher Scheiner.   All used the recently-invented telescope, and Scheiner apparently introduced the safe method of projecting the Sun's image on a flat surface.\n\n---Johann Kepler (1571-1630), using Tycho's observations, formulates his first two laws of planetary motion (3rd law in 1619). \n   After a failed attempt (1586) to establish a colony on Roanoke Island, Virginia (now part of N. Carolina), Jamestown is founded in Virginia in 1607, and the first English settlers land in Massachussetts Bay in 1620 (the "Pilgrims"). \n  1618-1648---The 30 years' war. A century after Martin Luther broke away from the Roman church, a great religious war sweeps Europe, devastates Germany and establishes Sweden as a major military power. In the civil war in England, parliament suspends monarchy 1645-1660, king beheaded 1649.
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He constructed the the general theory of relativity.\nHis ideas were extremely original.\nHe predicted that light beams can be deviated by mass of the sun.\nHe predicted a peculiar movement of the planet Mercury.\nExperimentally both theoretical statements were confirmed by observations.\nSo he was a real genius.\n\nTh
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Bill Arnett\nhttp://www.nineplanets.org/
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It was Thales of Miletus, 635 BC - 543 BC who first described it. Ben Franklin missed this discover by over 2000 years.
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Do you mean SPIRAL galaxies?\n\nCompare the Milky Way (our "spiral" galaxy) with others in the universe. There's a classification for spirals, so it shouldn't be that hard to write a paper on it (without be a physicist)
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The first known telescope was built by Hannes Lippershey, a Dutch optician, in early 1608.  Other opticians followed, and he sued.  It is this lawsuit, which he won that provides the historical basis for his claim.  The first Englishman to use a telescope that we know of was Thomas Harriot, who discovered lunar craters, phases of Venus, and that there are stars the human eye cannot see.  He never published, and his work, done in August 1609, was lost until a descendent sold his desk in 1912, and the papers were found.  Galileo heard of the telescope from a former student of his living in France, and went out and made a telescope on his own, starting his observations on Nov 30, 1609.  When Kepler heard of this, he also built his own.  These were all refractors.  Isaac Newton built the first reflecting telescope in 1673.
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Plato, I guess. the Question is too vague. Plato's geocentric system was refuted by Copernicus, but the Catholic Church refused to accept Copernicus's findings.
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Hubble discovered expansion...sort of. He proposed it as a theory but it was a colleague who did the math and proved it. I can't remember the colleague's name.
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Tycho Brahe's contributions to astronomy were enormous. He not only designed and built instruments, he also calibrated them and checked their accuracy periodically. He thus revolutionized astronomical instrumentation. He also changed observational practice profoundly. Whereas earlier astronomers had been content to observe the positions of planets and the Moon at certain important points of their orbits (e.g., opposition, quadrature, station), Tycho and his cast of assistants observed these bodies throughout their orbits. As a result, a number of orbital anomalies never before noticed were made explicit by Tycho. Without these complete series of observations of unprecedented accuracy, Kepler could not have discovered that planets move in elliptical orbits. Tycho was also the first astronomer to make corrections for atmospheric refraction. In general, whereas previous astronomers made observations accurate to perhaps 15 arc minutes, those of Tycho were accurate to perhaps 2 arc minutes, and it has been shown that his best observations were accurate to about half an arc minute. \n\nTycho's observations of the new star of 1572 and comet of 1577, and his publications on these phenomena, were instrumental in establishing the fact that these bodies were above the Moon and that therefore the heavens were not immutable as Aristotle had argued and philosophers still believed. The heavens were changeable and therefore the Aristotelian division between the heavenly and earthly regions came under attack (see, for instance, Galileo's Dialogue) and was eventually dropped. Further, if comets were in the heavens, they moved through the heavens. Up to now it had been believed that planets were carried on material spheres (spherical shells) that fit tightly around each other. Tycho's observations showed that this arrangement was impossible because comets moved through these spheres. Celestial spheres faded out of existence between 1575 and 1625. \n\n \nTychonic Universe \nIf Tycho destroyed the dichotomy between the corrupt and ever changing sublunary world and the perfect and immutable heavens, then the new universe was clearly more hospitable for the heliocentric planetary arrangement proposed by Nicholas Copernicus in 1543. Was Tycho therefore a follower of Copernicus? He was not. Tycho gave various reasons for not accepting the heliocentric theory, but it appears that he could not abandon Aristotelian physics which is predicated on an absolute notion of place. Heavy bodies fall to their natural place, the Earth, which is the center of the universe. If the Earth were not the center of the universe, physics, as it was then known, was utterly undermined. On the other hand, the Copernican system had a number of advantages, some technical (such as a better lunar theory and smaller epicycles), and others more based on harmony (an obvious explanation of retrograde planetary motion, a strict demonstration of the order and heliocentric distances of the planets). Tycho developed a system that combined the best of both worlds. He kept the Earth in the center of the universe, so that he could retain Aristotelian physics (the only physics available). The Moon and Sun revolved about the Earth, and the shell of the fixed stars was centered on the Earth. But Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn revolved about the Sun. He put the (circular) path of the comet of 1577 between Venus and Mars. This Tychonic world system became popular early in the seventeenth century among those who felt forced to reject the Ptolemaic arrangement of the planets (in which the Earth was the center of all motions) but who, for various reasons, could not accept the Copernican alternative.
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the universe contain the many galaxies, stars nebulae,solar system, black hole and many many more that the Great Architect designed
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There are so many galaxies, that 2 are a small finding. Maybe those two had something special, making the news on the radio.
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Born: Dover, Delaware, December 11, 1863 \nDied: Cambridge, Massachusetts, April 13, 1941 \n\nTheorist of Star Spectra \nOh, Be A Fine Girl--Kiss Me! This phrase has helped several generations of astronomers to learn the spectral classifications of stars. Ironically, this mnemonic device, still used today, refers to a scheme developed by a woman. \n\nAnnie Jump Cannon was the eldest of three daughters of Wilson Cannon, a Delaware shipbuilder and state senator, and his second wife, Mary Jump. Annie's mother taught her the constellations and stimulated her interest in astronomy. At Wellesley, Annie studied physics and astronomy and learned to make spectroscopic measurements. On her graduation in 1884, she returned to Delaware for a decade, but became impatient to get back to astronomy. After the death of her mother in 1894, Cannon worked at Wellesley as a junior physics teacher and became a "special student" of astronomy at Radcliffe. \n\nIn 1896, she became a member of the group that historians of science have dubbed "Pickering's Women," women hired by Harvard College Observatory director Edward Pickering to reduce data and carry out astronomical calculations. Pickering's approach to science was thoroughly Baconian: "the first step is to accumulate the facts."* The accumulating was supported by a fund set up in 1886 by Anna Draper, widow of Henry Draper, a wealthy physician and amateur astronomer. \n\nPickering conceived the Henry Draper Memorial as a long-term project to obtain optical spectra of as many stars as possible and to index and classify stars by their spectra. While the measurements were difficult enough, the development of a reasonable classification scheme proved as much a problem in "theory" (which Pickering was slow to recognize) as "fact accumulation." \n\nThe analysis was begun in 1886 by Nettie Farrar, who left after a few months to be married. Her place was taken by Williamina Fleming, the first of Pickering's female crew to be recognized in the astronomical community at large. Fleming examined the spectra of more than 10,000 stars and developed a classification system containing 22 classes. The work was carried further by Antonia Maury, who developed her own classification system. The system was cumbersome by comparison with Fleming's, and Pickering could not sympathize with Maury's insistence on theoretical (what we would today call astrophysical) concerns that underlay her scheme. \n\nIt was left to Annie Jump Cannon to continue, beginning with an examination of bright southern hemisphere stars. To these she applied yet a third scheme, derived from Fleming's and Maury's, an "arbitrary" division of stars into the spectral classes O, B, A, F, G, K, M, and so on. It was as "theory-laden" as Maury's ordering, but greatly simplified. Her "eye" for stellar spectra was phenomenal, and her Draper catalogs (which ultimately listed nearly 400,000 stars) were valued as the work of a single observer. \n\nCannon also published catalogs of variable stars (including 300 she discovered). Her career spanned more than forty years, during which women in science won grudging acceptance. She received many "firsts" (first recipient of an honorary doctorate from Oxford, first woman elected an officer of the American Astronomical Society, etc.). At Harvard she was named Curator of Astronomical Photographs, but it was only in 1938, two years before her retirement, that she obtained a regular Harvard appointment as William C. Bond Astronomer.
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The name of the 16th Century Danish astronomer is "Tycho Brahe".  For more information on his check out this website;\nhttp://galileo.rice.edu/sci/brahe.html\nHope this helped answer your question.
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You will find it all here   Even his map. \n\nhttp://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/greavesandthomas/facsimile/globe_magellan.htm