What is convergence theory?
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Look up convergence theory on www.colorado.edu/communication/met.  It will explain this theory in fairly simple terms.
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Continental/Continental plate convergence.\n\nThis happens during mountain building episodes called orogenies.
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This series converges to \n(sqrt(3)*pi/4)-(4ln(2))+\n((9/4)ln(3)).
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Try Fumio Hayashi's "Fundamental Economtetrics".  Used it in ECON 560 - 'Advanced Economics' last term and really liked it.  You might also want to look into a collection of essays on economic thought called 'Second Thoughts' by Williamson (I forget the first name, but looking that title up at your local library should produce the book).
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Newton-Raphson is the best because it's quadratical converge; Although, the initial points should not be too far from the root, and if the root is near to a singularity point then NR will give false root, Newton-Raphson still the faster and the safe method to find roots for one nonlinear equation or system of nonlinear equations.
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The internet:\nhttp://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_contingency_theory.html
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42- the theory from Hitchhiker guide to the Galaxy Clever\n\nString Theory- although this is anUnified theory of everything it is not the lone one. \n\nThe theory of everything is a single theory that unifies everything else. Something that would tie for instance F=ma to E=mc^2 and still be able to explain chaos theory, it's pretty new cutting edge stuff.
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There are various things that you might want to read about, horizon theory & donut theory might be a good place to start. Much as we once thought the world was flat and we'd fall off the edge, but then discovered that is was round when we sailed from one side of the world to the other the same is thought (by some) to also be true about the universe, you travel in a line for long enough, you start off where you left off!
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The sum from n = 0 to infinity of a^n is called a geometric series. It converges if and only if |a| < 1.\n\nIn this case we have the sum from n = 1 to infinity of (x^n)/(9^n), which can also be written as (x/9)^n. So in this case a = x/9, and in order to converge we need |x/9|<1. Thus the interval of convergence is -9 < x < 9.\n\nAs for the sum of the series, well the sum from n = 1 to infinity of a^n is a/(1-a). Here a = x/9, so you've got (x/9)/(1-x/9) = x/(9-x).\n\nBTW, the series is still geometric even if x is not a natural number. Also x needs to be greater than -9.
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here in IIT kharagpur ... theory of computaion by  "michel sipser" is folllowing ..and i think it is the best book ..written by  a MIT prof ...
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There are many types of theories called "Control Theory".  One is Glasser's control theory, having to do with motivation in the behavioral sciences.  I believe there may be a quantitative approach in engineering, too.  I'm afraid you will have to be more specific.
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zero divided by zero is not defined\none divided by zero is infinity\n\nIf you have a series like a_n/b_n whre both and b converge to zero as n goes to infinity, it might still have a limit, determined by what goes to zero faster a and b
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Convergent evolution means that two animals evolve to have similar traits, even though there arent genetically related.  The traits are those that are driven by environment.  For example, both fish and ocean mammals have fins and a generally similar body shape, yet are vastly different genetically.  The formation of fins and streamlined body is the best solution for moving through water, so both animals evolved them-of interest, large fish, such as sharks, have vertical tailfins, while ocean living mammals have horizontal tailfins.
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I think that the sum converge for all w except w=0. Here is an idea you could try to develop.\nLets define a new serie b(n) like this: b(1) = a(1) + a(2) + ... + a(p1) such that a(1), a(2), ... a(p) have all the same sign and a(p1 + 1) the opposite sign. \nThus b(2) = a(p1 + 1) + .... a(p2) such that a(p1 + 1), ... a(p2) have the same sign and a(p2 + 1) the opposite sign.\nThus b(3) = ....  etc   Note that this construction is possible only if w is different from 0.\nThen, by construction the b serie is an alternating one. It is easy to verify that |b(n)| is a serie which converges to zero. The problem would be ended if we had |b(n+1)|<|b(n)|, but that is not true. Nonetheless, you can make an integral approach to find a majoration of the |b(n)|. [something like a majoration of |integral of cos(wx)/x between pi*n/w and pi*(n+1)/w |]\nI leave you the detail of calculation... this approach should work ...
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Type the words "electronic dissertation" and "contingency theory" in your search engine. Also go libraries and bookstores and ask the clerks/librarians to help you.
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The technical term for parallelism (also known as convergence) is "homoplasy". It means that a similar structure has arisen in parallel fashion in two or more unrelated organisms. A plant example would be the pitcher found in pitcher plants. There are at least 3 separate groups of plants that produce pitchers that trap insects which the plants digest to absorb the nutrients. There is the American Sarracenia, the mostly Asian Nepenthes and the south-western Australian Cephalotus. Parallelism is important because it is misleading ... we  might falsely assume that all pitcher plants are closely related but they are not. \n\nThe *opposite* condition is called homology. Organs with a common phylogenetic origin are said to be homologous.
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Inductive inference\n\nAround 1960, Ray Solomonoff founded the theory of universal inductive inference, the theory of prediction based on observations. Given is the beginning of some sequence of symbols. Which symbol will be next? Solomonoff's theory provides an answer that is optimal in a certain sense. Unlike Karl Popper's informal theory of inductive inference, Solomonoff's is mathematically sound.\n\nFundamental ingredients of the theory are the concepts of algorithmic probability and Kolmogorov complexity. The universal prior probability of any prefix p of a computable sequence x is the sum of the probabilities of all programs (for a universal computer) that compute something starting with p. Given some p and any computable but unknown probability distribution from which x is sampled, the universal prior and Bayes' theorem can be used to predict the yet unseen parts of x in optimal fashion.\n\nSee also\nAlgorithmic probability \nKolmogorov complexity \nConfirmation bias \nLanguage identification in the limit