What are the differences between the Hindus' Upanishads/Vedas & the Buddhists' Four Noble Truths & 8Fold Path?
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The Hindus' Upanishads & Vedas are their sacred scriptures, whereas the Buddhist 4 Noble Truths & Eightfold Path are disciplines taught by the Buddha.
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There are four laws of karma:\n\n1. Karma is fixed.\n2. Karma increases.\n3. Karmic results are only experienced by one who created the cause for that experience.\n4. Karmic seeds do not lose their potency of their own accord.\n\nRegarding #2 - both positive and negative karmic results increase in potency unless they are obstructed. Positive results can be obstructed by anger, and other negative actions. Negative results can be obstructed through the directed positive actions of our Dharma practice, the Four Opponent Powers and so forth.\n\nRegarding #4 - 'of their own accord' means that unless we intervene with directed positive Dharma actions to purify and transform negative actions, those actions will never lose potency. They will perpetually have the power to bring us suffering.\n\nIf we do not have the power to transform negative karmic results, there is no way for us to attain enlightenment.\n\nThe Buddha stated three things which are misunderstandings about karma ---that everything:\n1) Is here due to no reason\n2) Is the creation of a god\n3) Is completely controlled by karma (so it becomes like a fate).\n\nWe can go on and on about how people suffer, whether someone is born without an arm or whether one is persecuted during a war or holocaust. I think the misunderstanding is the person who asked you the question is assuming that karma is a fate system. Karma is not a fate system.\n\nKarma plants a seed, and when certain conditions are around, that karmic seed ripens. Your life is not predetermined.\n\nkarma does not fall into these misunderstandings. The seed for the particular karma was present and was able to ripen under the conditions (such as an unhealthy maternity)... not because it was predetermined!\n\n*** simply stated, they'll have to wait til their 'bad seeds of karma' in their previous lives, to wear off.
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Vajrayāna Buddhism (Also known as Tantric Buddhism, Mantrayana, Tantrayana, Esoteric Buddhism, Diamond Vehicle, True Words Sect,) is an extension of Mahayana Buddhism consisting of differences in the adoption of additional techniques (upaya, or 'skilful means') rather than in philosophy. The Vajrayana is often viewed as the third major 'vehicle' (Yana) of Buddhism, alongside the Theravada and Mahayana.\n\nVajrayana Buddhism claims to provide an accelerated path to enlightenment. This is achieved through use of tantra techniques, which are practical aids to spiritual development, and esoteric transmission (explained below). Whereas earlier schools might provide ways to achieve nirvana over the course of many lifetimes, Vajrayana techniques are said to make full enlightenment or buddhahood possible in a shorter time, perhaps in a single lifetime. Vajrayana Buddhists do not claim that Theravada or Mahayana practices are invalid, only that they represent slower paths. It should also be noted that the goal of the Mahayana and Vajrayana sects is to become a bodhisattva, whereas the goal for Theravada practice is liberation from the cycle of rebirth (samsara) by achieving nirvana.\n\nVajrayana relies partially on various tantric techniques rooted in scriptures known as tantras, written in India. The most important aspect of the tantric path is to 'use the result as the Path', which means that, rather than placing full enlightenment as a goal far away in the future, one tries to identify with the enlightened body, speech and mind of a buddha. The buddha-form which one can best relate to is called the yidam (Tibetan) or ishtadevata (Sanskrit) or 'personal buddha-form'. In order to achieve this self-identification with a buddha-form, much symbolism and visualization is used in Buddhist tantric techniques.\n\n \nDetail of the mandala shown above. This is a Garbhadhatu mandala, representing Vairocana Buddha surrounded by eight Buddhas and bodhisattvas (clockwise from top: Ratnaketu, Samantabhadra, Samkusumitaraja, Manjusri, Amitabha, Avalokitesvara, Dundubhinirghosa, Maitreya).Secrecy is a cornerstone of tantric Buddhism, simply to avoid harming oneself and others through practising without proper guidance. It is not even allowed to explain the full symbolism and psychology of the practice to the uninitiated, which leads to misunderstanding and dismissal. Tantric techniques may appear initially to consist of ritualistic nonsense. They should only be practiced on the basis of a thorough understanding of Buddhist philosophy and strict adherence to the traditions.
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Hinduism.  Try www.wikipedia.com for more info.
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The teachings of a pure devotee of God-and Jesus is one-should be the same as the goswamis of India-goswami or swami means one who can control his senses(genitals,eating,seeing,hearing)The Swamis is a pure vegetarian-he doesn't kill others to feed himself!\nHe also has a clear mind:no wine or whisky,cigarettes drugs etc.He also lives a simple life:no excess material possessions,and doesn't indulge in sex play.\nSuch teachings are found in essenes community.
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* Four Noble Truths\n* Noble Eightfold Path\n* Law of Depending Origination\n* Three Marks of Existence\n* Rejection of infallibility of accepted scripture: teachings should not be accepted unless they are borne out by our experiences (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha )\n\n----------------------------------------\nThe core of the teachings seem to be the 4 noble truths and the 8-fold path (which is part of the 4 noble truths)... if you want to focus on the practice, or "path" then you can think of the 8-fold path as 3 groups:\n\nMorality, Concentration, and Wisdom.  These are important.\n\nMorality means living a good life.  This is the foundation for developing concentration.  If someone only teaches morality, people will hear it in one ear and go out the other ear.\n\nConcentration will also help you be moral.  And it will help you with the next step of gaining insight.  It helps in your mundane and supramundane endeavors.\n\nWisdom is really what's important.  Developing wisdom will also help morality and concentration.  There's 3 kinds:\n1) Scriptural\n2) Intellectual\n3) Experiential\n\n1) If you only believe what you read or what someone told you, that's good (if it's true).  Good because others may not have been so lucky and might not know.  It can point you in the right direction.  But if you stop there you limit yourself.\n2) Humans are rational beings, so they should think about it... but like a good lawyer you might convince "yourself" that "you" are right... this can be good but also can be limiting if you stop here.\n3) The most important wisdom is experiential wisdom that you experience yourself--NOT the wisdom you hear about or read about or think about.  The wisdom of an enlightened person or saint or sage is not your own wisdom.  No one else can taste for you, only you can know what it tastes like.\n\nI think these 3 are what's important, like 3 legs of a tripod, they help support each other, as you gain strength they work together.\n\n----------------------------------------\n* Four Noble Truths (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths ):\n1) Life involves Dukkha (roughly unsatisfactory)\n2) The Cause of Dukkha (craving)\n3) The End of Dukkha (it can be removed)\n4) There is a Path out of Dukkha a.k.a. The Noble 8-Fold Path.\n\n* The 8-Fold Path could be grouped into (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path ):\n1) Morality\n2) Concentration\n3) Wisdom/Insight\n\nWisdom (Panna): \n1) Right View\n2) Right Intention\nMorality (Sila):\n3) Right Speech\n4) Right Action\n5) Right Livelihood\nConcentration (Samadhi):\n6) Right Effort\n7) Right Mindfulness\n8) Right Concentration\n\n* Depending Origination (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_origination )\nIt's like 12 links in a chain, with one causing the next:\n(1) Ignorance\n(2) Mental dispositions\n(3) Consciousness\n(4) Mind and Matter\n(5) Sense doors\n(6) Contact\n(7) Feeling\n(8) Desire\n(9) Attachment\n(10) Becoming\n(11) Birth\n(12) Old age and death\nBecause of ignorance, mental dispositions arise, and thus does consciousness which in turn causes mind and matter.  This mind/matter phenomenon (your body) has sense doors, and inevitably they will come in contact with something.  The contact causes a feeling to arise to which you tend to have a craving, clinging, then happens becoming, birth, then age & death.\n\n* Three Marks of existence (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_marks_of_existence )\n1) Dukkha - Suffering - Nothing in the physical/mental world can bring lasting satisfaction.\n2) Anicca - Impermanence - all conditioned things are in a constant state of flux... "everything changes"\n3) Anatta - No Self - There's no central unchanging core or essence (soul) that lasts forever in the physical/mental world... everything changes, remember?
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Not sure what you mean by principles..many religions agree on basic aspects of morality, like murder is wrong..lying is wrong...they may feel they share the same God, but they may not. Example the Hindus believe in many gods, the jews believe in only one God, so this is not the same idea of god - one is multiple in nature and the other is singular. For those that believe in only one god, there could still be characteristics that distinguish the single god.  Compare Jewish Jehovah to Jesus to Allah.  There are differences in the "personality" of God.  This is a very broad topic. Best to read descriptions of each faith and see the differences in concepts....I personally am a Christian...
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The difference between the two would be that While Karma Yoga is offering self less work to God, Bhakti Yoga is offering exclusive devotion.\n\nKarma Yoga-- Work is worship.\n\nDo your duty towards society, family, world at large yourself sincerly and good will. That is Karma Yoga.\n\nA life based on moral values and selfless deeds are Karma yoga.\n\nFollowing Rituals is not important. Dedication to your work is the best offering to god.\n\n Karma Yoga - is the way of selfless work.  \n\nTo exist is to act. Karma yoga means the discipline of action or integration through activity. Karma Yoga is the Yoga of self-surrendered action. Even an inanimate object such as a rock has movement. And the building blocks of matter, the atoms, are in fact not building blocks at all but incredibly complex patterns of energy in constant motion. Thus, the universe is a vast vibratory expanse. Karma Yoga is selfless service unto humanity. Karma Yoga is the Yoga of action which purifies the heart and prepares the heart and mind for the reception of Divine Light or the attainment of Knowledge of the Self. But this has to be done without attachment or egoism. \n\nThe karma yoga of The Gita is a unique philosophy of action and it declares that nature has given the right of action to man only and the right of the result of action is under the authority of nature. But the action is a duty of man; therefore he should perform actions without the desire of fruit. Lord Krishna says: "Not by abstention from actions does a man enjoy action-transcendence, nor by renunciation alone does he approach perfection." (III, 4). Then God Krishna, who communicates these teachings to his pupil Arjuna, points to himself, as the archetypal model of the active person: "For Me, O son of Pritha, there is nothing to be done in the three worlds, nothing ungained to be gained - and yet I engage in action." (III.22). \n\n\nBhakti Yoga--Bhakti Yoga is the supreme devotion to the Lord. \n\n Bhakti is intense attachment to God who is the Indweller in all beings, who is the support, solace for all beings. Bhakti yoga is integration through love or devotion. It teaches the rules of love, for it is the science of the higher love; it teaches how to direct and use love and how to give it a new object, how to obtain from it the highest and most glorious result, which is the acquisition of spiritual felicity. The Bhakti Yoga, does not say "abandon" but only love, love the Most High". \n\nFollowing rituals to feel connected to God,  Making offerings to Him, like flowers reciting His name and devoting one's life to his name like a hermit all are ways to practice Bhakti. It simply means devotion.\n\nYou can be a Karma Yogi and a Bhakt.\n\n All branches of yoga have one thing in common, they are concerned with a state of being, or consciousness. "Yoga is ecstasy" says Vyasa's Yoga-bhashya (1.1).
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Eastern thought in general has enhanced the lives of millions of Americans whether they realize it or not.\n\nSometimes the lines between buddhism and hinduism can be blurry.\n\nI find that Hindu culture has made a big contribution to the vegetarian and healthy eating movement. The idea that cows are sacred has steered millions away from red meat. \nAlso, the concept of peace being a virtue is something that Western society was sadly lacking. Both Hinduism and Buddhism made a wonderful difference to us in the late 60's... affecting our music, art, politics and culture.\n\nMeditation, yoga, natural foods, and spiritual healing are all traceable back to Hinduism.
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http://www.hinduwisdom.info/Symbolism_in_Hinduism.htm\n\nIf u study hindu & buddhists higher thought's, there is'nt much difference in it\n\nhttp://sc.essortment.com/hinduismandbud_rtqs.htm
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Buddhism is a path of practice and spiritual development leading to Insight into the true nature of life. Buddhist practices such as meditation are means of changing oneself in order to develop the qualities of awareness, kindness, and wisdom. The experience developed within the Buddhist tradition over thousands of years has created an incomparable resource for all those who wish to follow a path - a path which ultimately culminates in Enlightenment or Buddhahood.\n\nBecause Buddhism does not include the idea of worshipping a creator God, some people do not see it as a religion in the normal, Western sense. The basic tenets of Buddhist teaching are straightforward and practical: nothing is fixed or permanent; actions have consequences; change is possible. Thus Buddhism addresses itself to all people irrespective of race, nationality, or gender. It teaches practical methods (such as meditation) which enable people to realize and utilize its teachings in order to transform their experience, to be fully responsible for their lives and to develop the qualities of Wisdom and Compassion.\nBuddhism explains the reality of life and the universe: that all beings are equal by nature and that all teachings are equal. The Buddha said many times that the wisdom to understand the true reality of life and the universe, and the virtuous abilities to cultivate are all already within our true nature. Buddhism teaches us to have a broad mind, one that overflows with sincerity, purity, equality, proper understanding, and compassion. Everyday, we must strive to awaken to this reality. Being contented with all conditions and settings is a good example for all, and striving for attainment of freedom of mind and spirit will help to awaken. From this, we can see that the Buddha is a compassionate multicultural educator who is worthy of emulation.\nBuddhism is Not a Religion. According to the Webster's Dictionary, the definition of religion is as follows, "An organized system of beliefs, rites, and celebrations centered on a supernatural being power; belief pursued with devotion."\nBuddhism is not a religion because:\nFirst, the Buddha is not a 'supernatural being power'. The Buddha is simply a person who has reached Complete Understanding of the reality of life and the universe. Life refers to ourselves, and universe refers to our living environment. The Buddha taught that all beings possess the same ability to reach Complete Understanding of themselves and their environment, and relieve themselves from all sufferings to attain utmost happiness. All beings can become Buddhas, and all beings and the Buddha are equal by nature. The Buddha is not a God, but a teacher, who teach us the way to restore Wisdom and Understanding by conquering the greed, hatred, and ignorance which blind us at the present moment. The word 'Buddha' is a Sanskrit word, when translated it means, "Wisdom, Awareness/Understanding". We call the founder of Buddhism Shakyamuni Buddha because He has attained Complete Understanding and Wisdom of life and the universe. Buddhism is His education to us, it is His teaching which shine the way to Buddhahood.\nSecond, the 'belief' in the Buddha's teachings is not blind belief, or blind faith. Shakyamuni Buddha taught us not to blindly believe what he tells us, he wants us to try the teachings and prove them for ourselves. The Buddha wants us to know, not merely believe. The Buddha's teachings flow from his own experience and understanding of the truth, and shows us a path of our own to taste the truth for ourselves. The Buddha uses a perfectly scientific way of showing us reality in its true form.\nThird, Buddhism is not a religion because all the 'rites and celebrations' are not centered on a supernatural being, but rather the people attending the assemblies. The ceremonies and celebrations in Buddhism all serve an educational purpose, a reminder of the Buddha's teachings an
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In one sentence, \n\n"The divinity of man"\n\nHinduism teaches that all religions are good and are valid paths to god...\n\njust like different ppl wear different clothes, eat different food, but are all the same "humans", so also different religions use different methods to reach the same\n"God"\n\nIt says that everything in the universe is god, you are god.\nI am god, \n\nall the suffering humanity goes through is because we forget our own divine nature, and think that we are nothin but bodies...\n\nThe goal of life is to realize our own divine nature,\n\nso hinduism shows 4 paths to that realization\n\nthey are\n\n1.bhakti yoga (through workship)\n\n2.karma yoga (through selfless work)\n\n3,raja yoga ( by psychic control, meditation and pranayama etc )\n\nand\n\n4.jyana yoga ( through philosophical discrimination of what is real and what is not real.)\n\nThe watch word of hinduism is\n\n"Truth alone triumphs"..........\n\nhinduism teaches us to be fearless...
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Karma is actually simple and vast at the same time.\nSimply put - As you may well know, is the law of cause and effect, that's it, that is all.\n\nDharma:  \n\nIn Dharma it is also based on a very objective definition.... \nFirst what it is not:\n\nIt is not a response based on Right and wrong\nIt is not based on Will per say.\nIt is not necessarily based on Intention.\n\nDharma is action (or non action) yes, however it is action aligned with a pulse, it is a JUST action. The intention is aligned with the Will which is aligned with the inner pulse that some would identify as Gods Will. They say that when we are in Dharma, the Supreme Will is no different than our own.\n\nSo Dharma can care less about Truth, Truth is man made and it can be twisted to be framed in all directions. Dharma is in touch with REALITY.\n\nHope it helped !
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The Triple Gem\n1. The Buddha — The self awakened one. The original nature of the Heart;\n2. The Dhamma — The Teaching. The nature of reality;\n3. The Sangha — a. The Awakened Community. b. Any harmonious assembly. c. All Beings.\n\nThe Four Noble Truths\n1. The Noble Truth of Dukkha - stress, unsatisfactoriness, suffering;\n2. The Noble Truth of the causal arising of Dukkha, which is grasping, clinging and wanting;\n3. The Noble Truth of Nirvana, The ending of Dukkha. Awakening, Enlightenment. "Mind like fire unbound";\n4. The Noble Truth of the Path leading to Nirvana or Awakening.\nAll Buddhist teachings flow from the Four Noble Truths. \n\nThe Four Bodhisattva Vows\n1. I vow to rescue the boundless living beings from suffering; (Link to 1st Truth)\n2. I vow to put an end to the infinite afflictions of living beings; (Link to 2nd Truth)\n3. I vow to learn the measureless Dharma-doors; (Link to 4th Truth)\n4. I vow to realise the unsurpassed path of the Buddha. (Link to 3th Truth)\nFoundation of the Mahayana Path, these vows say. 'Whatever the highest perfection of the human heart-mind may I realise it for the benefit of all that lives!'\n\nThe Eight Fold-Path\nRight, Integral, Complete, Perfected.\n1. Right View, Understanding;\n2. Right Attitude, Thought or Emotion;\n3. Right Speech;\n4. Right Action;\n5. Right livelihood;\n6. Right Effort, Energy, and Vitality;\n7. Right Mindfulness or Awareness;\n8. Right Samadhi "concentration", one-pointedness. Integration of, or establishment in, various levels of consciousness.\n\nThe Five Precepts\nI undertake to:\n1. Abstain from killing living beings;\n2. Abstain from taking that which not given;\n3. Abstain from sexual misconduct;\n4. Abstain from false speech;\n5. Abstain from distilled substances that confuse the mind. (Alcohol and Drugs)\nThe underlying principle is non-exploitation of yourself or others. The precepts are the foundation of all Buddhist training. With a developed ethical base, much of the emotional conflict and stress that we experience is resolved, allowing commitment and more conscious choice. Free choice and intention is important. It is "I undertake" not 'Thou Shalt". Choice, not command.\n\nThe Five Precepts in positive terms\nI undertake the training precept to:\n1. Act with Loving-kindness;\n2. Be open hearted and generous;\n3. Practice stillness, simplicity and contentment;\n4. Speak with truth, clarity and peace;\n5. Live with mindfulness.\n\nThe Ten Paramita\nParamita means gone to the other shore, it is the highest development of each of these qualities.\n1. Giving or Generosity; *\n2. Virtue, Ethics, Morality; *\n3. Renunciation, letting go, not grasping;\n4. Panna or Prajna "Wisdom" insight into the nature of reality; *\n5. Energy, vigour, vitality, diligence; *\n6. Patience or forbearance; *\n7. Truthfulness;\n8. Resolution, determination, intention;\n9. Kindness, love, friendliness;\n10. Equanimity.\n\n\nThe Four Sublime or Uplifted States\n1. Metta — Friendliness, Loving-kindness;\n2. Karuna — Compassion;\n3. Mudita — Joy, Gladness. Appreciation of good qualities in people;\n4. Upekkha — Equanimity, the peaceful unshaken mind.\n\nFull development of these four states develops all of the Ten Paramita.\nThe Five Powers or Spiritual Faculties\n1.Faith, Confidence;\n2. Energy, Effort;\n3. Mindfulness;\n4. Samadhi;\n5. Wisdom.\n\nThe Five Hindrances\n1. Sense craving;\n2. Ill-will;\n3. Sloth and Torpor;\n4, Restlessness and Worry;\n5. Toxic doubt and the ruthless inner critic.\n\nThe Four bases or Frames of Reference of Mindfulness\n1. Mindfulness of the Body — breath, postures, parts;\n2. Mindfulness of Feelings, Sensations — pleasant, unpleasant and neutral;\n3. Mindfulness of States of Consciousness;\n4. Mindfulness of all Phenomena or Objects of Consciousness.\n\nThe Three Signs of Existence or Universal Properties\n1. Anicca — Impermanent;\n2. Dukkha — Unsatisfactory,
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The essence of Buddhism is not that difficult to state. To understand, now that's another story.\n\nIn short, the essence is Mindfulness and Compassion. \n\nBuddhists believes that all beings are united and are a part of each other, thus the ego is in fact detrimental to our own happiness since if we embrace the ego, we will unintentional hurt others and if we are a part of one another, then we will in fact be hurting ourselves.\n\nBuddhists also believe that compassion is the key to happiness and that the Buddha Mind, that which we must nurture if we wish to become enlightened, is our natural state.\n\nFore more detail, please read on:\n\nThe Basic  teachings are:\n\nThe Four Nobel Truths:\n1) All worldly life is suffering. Causing us to lead an unsatisfactory, disjointed life.\n2) Suffering is caused by the ego. Things such as attachment and desire are rooted in the ego through ignorance.\n3) There is a way to end suffering. \n4) The way to end suffering is found in the Noble Eightfold Path\n\nThe Noble Eightfold Path: (Divided into three categories)\n>Wisdom\n1) Right Understanding - Looking at the world without attachment and desire, without ego.\n2) Right Thought - Keeping the mind on what is at hand and being resolved on renunciation, freedom from ill will, and on harmlessness.\n\n>Ethical Conduct\n3) Right Speech - Abstaining from lying, divisive, abusive and idle chatter.\n4) Right Action - Abstaining from taking life, stealing and improper sexual activities\n5) Right Livelihood - Doing what is right with ones life.\n\n>Concentration or Mental Development\n6) Right Effort - A persistent desire and an matching endeavor to participate in proper activates the are good and just. \n7) Right Mindfulness - Remaining focused on ones actions, speech, thoughts and lively hood. \n8) Right Concentration - by abandoning all selfishness and adopting a heart of compassion, keeping ones mind on what needs to be do including the helping of others.\n\nOn a more spiritual level, Buddhist generally believe in reincarnation, a cycle of birth, death and rebirth. This is called samsara. When we reach enlightenment, this cycle is broken and we are able to move into the next step of existence, Nirvana. \n\nThere are many schools and sects of Buddhism and some very in practice greatly. However, the underlying principals are virtually identical regardless of the school or tradition of Buddhism. \n\nFor more detailed information, please check out the references I have posted bellow.
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Among all the religions Hinduism is the oldest. Buddhism originated from Hinduism. Hinduism originated in India, Buddhism in India / Nepal. Some of the teachings in Buddhism are similar to Hinduism. I will list mainly similarities. Answer is quite big so hope u will read it. For Hinduism read my answer in\n\nhttp://answers.yahoo.com/question/index;_ylt=AuWA4OkO7pG27o7HQyUVPKzsy6IX?qid=20061105200549AAtcPGl\nhttp://answers.yahoo.com/question/index;_ylt=ArkcX6TbHB8AmP6Sqh1a_Wvsy6IX?qid=20061112105239AAHLRXF\n\nFor Buddhism the philosophy is the four noble truths and the 8 fold path that i mentioned below.\n\n\nMany people may know about Buddhism, but few seem to understand its connections with Vedic / Hindu culture and how many aspects of it have origins in the Vedic / Hindu philosophy. To begin with, it was several hundred years before the time of Lord Buddha that his birth was predicted in the Srimad-Bhagavatam: "In the beginning of the age of Kali, the Supreme Personality of Godhead will appear in the province of Gaya as Lord Buddha, the son of Anjana, to bewilder those who are always envious of the devotees of the Lord." (Bhag.1.3.24)\n\nThis verse indicates that Lord Buddha was an incarnation of the Supreme who would appear in Gaya, a town in central India. But some historians may point out that Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, was actually born in Lumbini, Nepal, and that his mother was Queen Mahamaya. Therefore, this verse may be inaccurate. But actually Siddhartha became the Buddha after he attained spiritual enlightenment during his meditation under the Bo tree in Gaya. This means that his spiritual realization was his second and most important birth. Furthermore, Siddhartha's mother, Queen Mahamaya, died several days after Siddhartha's birth, leaving him to be raised by his grandmother, Anjana. So the prediction in the Bhagavatam is verified.\n\nWhen Lord Buddha appeared, the people of India, although following the Vedas, had deviated from the primary goal of Vedic philosophy. They had become preoccupied with performing ceremonies and rituals for material enjoyment. Some of the rituals included animal sacrifices. The people had begun to sacrifice animals indiscriminately on the plea of Vedic rituals and then indulged in eating the flesh. Being misled by unworthy priests, much unnecessary animal killing was going on and the people were becoming more degraded and atheistic.\n\nThe rituals that included animal sacrifices, according to the Vedas, were not meant for eating flesh. An old animal would be placed in the sacrificial fire and, after the mantras were chanted, it would come out of the fire in a new and younger body as a test to show the potency of the Vedic mantras. However, as the power of the priests deteriorated, they could no longer chant the mantras properly and, therefore, the animals would not be brought back to life. So in the age of Kali all such sacrifices are forbidden because there are no longer any brahmanas who can chant the mantras correctly. Thus, Lord Buddha appeared and rejected the Vedic rituals and preached the philosophy of nonviolence. In the Dhammapada (129-130) Buddha says, "All beings fear death and pain, life is dear to all; therefore the wise man will not kill or cause anything to be killed."\n\nThe Vedic literature also teaches nonviolence, but Buddha taught the people who used the Vedas for improper purposes to give them up and simply follow him. Thus, he saved the animals from being killed and saved the people from being further misled by the corrupt priests. However, he did not teach the Vedic conclusions of spiritual knowledge but taught his own philosophy.\n\nBuddha was born in the town of Lumbini in Nepal as the son of a king of the Shakya clan. He is generally accepted to have lived during 560-477 B.C. but has been shown to have been born in 1887 B.C. and died in 1807 B.C.\n\nHis mother, Queen Mahamaya, before she conceived him, saw him in a dream descending