What is droop on an electrical grid?
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Electrical power is a little bit like the air you breathe: You don't really think about it until it is missing. Power is just "there," meeting your every need, constantly. It is only during a power failure, when you walk into a dark room and instinctively hit the useless light switch, that you realize how important power is in your daily life. You use it for heating, cooling, cooking, refrigeration, light, sound, computation, entertainment... Without it, life can get somewhat cumbersome. \n\nPower travels from the power plant to your house through an amazing system called the power distribution grid. \n\nThe grid is quite public -- if you live in a suburban or rural area, chances are it is right out in the open for all to see. It is so public, in fact, that you probably don't even notice it anymore. Your brain likely ignores all of the power lines because it has seen them so often. In this article, we will look at all of the equipment that brings electrical power to your home. The next time you look at the power grid, you will be able to really see it and understand what is going on! \n\nfor more pl. visit:\nhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/power.htm
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You'll need to provide a little more information in order to have your question answered properly.  AC or DC? Input voltage?  Fixed or variable output voltage? If variable, over what range? If fixed, what is the desired output voltage?  Output current?  How critical is the load regulation?\n\nAs you can see, the answer to your simple question can be a bit complicated :)
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"scarce"\nI need to have some more info to give you the proper definition, for such distributed energy source/ resources areas!
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In New England, voltage regulator rules by ISO New England are pretty strict for power generating stations.  Because the large generating stations are tied to the 345,000 volt grid, one station typically cannot effect the grid's voltage or frequency.  Most surges seen at the customer level are caused by the local distribution system.  Traffic accidents, tree branches, utility pole transformer failures for example often cause sudden surges to homes.
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DC is battery and they do not generate a current. They store energy for use upon demand. They also do not store enough energy to maintain transmission for long periods.
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Receiving end voltage being greater than sending end voltage in a transmission line is known as ferranti effect. All electrical loads are inductive in nature and hence they consume lot of reactive power from the transmission lines. Hence there is voltage drop in the lines. Capacitors which supply reactive power are connected parallel to the transmission lines at the receiving end so as to compensate the reactive power consumed by the inductive loads. As the inductive load increases more of the capacitors are connected parallel via electronic switching. Thus reactive power consumed by inductive loads is supplied by the capacitors thereby reducing the consumption of reactive power from trans line. However when the inductive loads are switched off the capacitors may still be in ON condition. The reactive power supplied by the capacitors add on to the transmission lines due to the absence of inductance. As a result voltage at the receiving end or consumer end increases and is more than the voltage at the supply end.This is known as ferranti effect.
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electrical discharge in the atmosphere
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Distrbution board used in wiring system to decrease the voltage loss(very small). It is genrally located at the center of the house and from it connection goes to different point . I f u take at every point means from the main switch a room is there we take a tapping at that point and another one at some point, there will be lots of tapping that causes a voltage drop. About rating U search Indian Electricity rules. For this u refer to any electrical estimating  book.
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Most common loads (especially motors) generally appear as a resistance (the power-consumming portion that performs actual work) in parallel with an inductance, which, being reactive, does not contribute to work performed.  This normally-small inductance tilts the phase angle between voltage and current such that they aren't in phase with each other, causing a power factor of less than unity.  In this case, the volt-amps product is somewhat higher than the watts.  Since electrical meters measure volt-amps, and you get billed for volt-amps instead of watts, some portion of your energy bill may be for power that you did not actually consume.  In large installations, this can represent a sizable dollar amount.  Power factor correction, which reduces the reactive portion by adding capacitance to counter the inductance (or by adding inductance if your loads appear capacitive) will tend to make the volt-amp product equal the watts, and thus lower your energy bill.
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http://www.sri-hybrid.co.jp/en/damping/index.html\nto know about it too
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Depending on the output current you desire and what current the +24 VDC can supply a simple 3-terminal regulator like a 7812 should do the trick. It should be able to handle the 24 V input. You may need to add a 0.01µF Cap from Ground to the +5 VDC output to dampen any oscillations. There are usually a number of cookbook circuits in the data books. \n\nGood Luck!
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Kilowatt\nCost depends on method of generation and location
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Good previous answer on the engineering side, also depending on the type of load served, local distribution requires balancing of  "peak loads" and balancing the power factor to correct for highly inductive(motors,etc) or capacitive (computers,etc) loads.  Wattless or "reactive" power has to be accounted, for proper operation of three phase systems and is usually measured in power plants with a VAR meter, which measures Volt Ampere Reactive loading not shown on Kilowatt meters.\n\nThe main components of the system are:\nGenerators, Switchgear, Instrumentation and protective relays, Transformers, Capacitors, Reactors, and the towers, insulators, and miles of wires to carry electricity where we want it.\n\nAlso in power plants, batteries..a series bank of about 1500ah per 12 v cell to provide contol power backup to switch the motor operated, large circuit breakers of 600 amps and up.  The batteries in some plants are also used to flash and strengthen residual magnetism in the exciter for feeding current through the slip rings to the alternator's rotor on generating equipment.
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An uninterruptable power supply.  'UPS'
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d: Subjected to a small voltage.
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It's a law of electrical flow along a circuit.
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It means there was a power surge in the system and the main fuse box either in your house or at the main power station flipped to the off postion...also known as being tripped. Normally a safety device or circuit breaker will 'trip' when it is detecting too much load...eg a faulty appliance, too much appliances plugged in (use of too many adaptors), or hot electrical joint (loose), undersized protection etc.