what is runlength coding in digital and analog communication?
964098
Run-length Encoding, or RLE is a technique used to reduce the size of a repeating string of characters. This repeating string is called a run, typically RLE encodes a run of symbols into two bytes , a count and a symbol. RLE can compress any type of data regardless of its information content, but the content of data to be compressed affects the compression ratio. RLE cannot acheive high compression ratios compared to other compression methods, but it is easy to implement and is quick to execute. Run-length encoding is supported by most bitmap file formats such as TIFF, BMP and PCX.\n\nConsider a character run of 15 'A' characters which normally would require 15 bytes to store : AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA.\n\nWith RLE, this would only require two bytes to store, the count (15) is stored as the first byte and the symbol (A) as the second byte.\n\nHope this helps.\n\nAnand
1061929
i guess A, U and mu law are used for pulse code modulation. i have no idea that these are different for different countries or country specific. u can try google.
255673
8000 x 8 bits = 64Kb/s \n24 x 64Kb/s = 1536000 - \nremenber that the signalling/timing channel will take up one of the 24 channels\n(in the U.S.A I beleive they call it a T1 circuit - 23 data 1 signalling/timing....here in the U.K. E1 32x64Kb/s thats 30 data, 1 timing, 1 signalling)\n\nas for the data storage sounds like you could look at it like this:\n3 mins ->\n3 x 60 = 180\n180 x 64000 = 11.5Mb for one 3 min message (bits)\ntherefore 11.5Mb /8 = 1.44MB for one 3 min message(Bytes)
109636
How long is a piece of string! comes to mind
387983
A digital signal is composed only of electrical pulses representing either zero or one. Because digital signals are made up only of binary streams, less information is needed to transmit a message. Digital encoding therefore increases the capacity of a given radio frequency. Furthermore, only digitized information can be transported through a noisy channel without degradation\n\nSignals that are recorded in analogue format are modulated, ie their information is contained in amplitude or amount of signal. Digital, conversely, is either on or off, and amplitude is identified in a different way
228993
Okies so you want to know about baud.. Actually when we transmit a signal.. each signal can carry from 1 to multiple bits depending on the kind of voltage level available to us. So the no of bits carried by a signal at a time is baud. So 9600 baud in hyper terminal means it will send 9600 bauds, no of bits depend on underlying physical layer. \n\nParity is a technique for knowing wether the packet I transmitted is correct or not suppose my signal is 1101 then even parity is sendin no of 1 is even or odd if its even i attach one at end so my packet becomes 11010 becase no of 1 is odd.\n\nFlow control means wether the sender and reciever should agree on some buffer limit or the sender can send as many bits it wants to send without thinking abut the recievers capability.\n\nstop bit is a bit added at the end of message to represent the message is terminating.\n\n8 data bits is that the windowing used in flow control will be 8 bit large.\n\nHope it pacifies ur thrust or u can ping me up at vinod_recj@yahoo.com
269745
Good day:\n\nCircular buffer is very important to store analog data before transfering to digital format. Circular buffer is effective to swicth to many devices simultaneously. Intel webiste provide lots of DSP information!\n\nThank you, bye!
860146
The first value represents the (average) Minimun length recorded, the second the Average and the last the Maximum measured values. \nLength............141,5 mm..........161,5 mm..........181,1 mm. \nCircumference..117,5 mm.........127, 3 mm.........137,8 mm.\nKensey data are quite old. These statistic is the last one.
81045
Frequency Division Multiplexing refers to sharing the wide frequency spectrum/band into multiple narrow channels or bins to send data on each one of the bins as if they had the entire narrow bandwidth to themselves. This is the basis for DSL, Wireless, Digital TV, etc.\n\nRef: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OFDM
50897
It's kida hard to explain comprehensively in 1000 characters or less, so the next best thing I can do right now is put a link to a website that explains the  diferences in layman's term in the source below.\nHope that helps you out.
724952
http://www.onlineconversion.com/length_common.htm
297960
TDM, or time division multiplexing is a scheme to encode several analog signals through one communications channel.\n\nLet's say that you have three telephone conversations.  An encoder, known as a multiplexer, will combine the three by switching very rapidly through all three conversations.  This is called multiplexing.  \n\nLet's say that the multiplexing speed is 66kHz, which translates roughly to 15 microseconds to complete one multiplex cycle (one divided by 66kHz).  The first 5 microseconds, conversation 1 is switched onto the line, the second 5us, conversation 2 is switched onto the line, and the third 5us conversation 3 is switched onto the line.  The cycle then repeats itself over and over.\n\nIf you listened to the communications line, it would sound like you were listening to three conversations simultaneously, like they were blended together.\n\nNow, on the other end of the communications line, a decoder, called a demultiplexer sorts out the three conversations with a precise clock and a time base signal that is added in at the multiplexing process.  So it sorts out the three conversations and seperates them into the three original channels by doing the switching in the exact opposite of the multplexer by again making the switch every 5us.   \n\nVoila, time switching combines three phone conversations over one set of wires.\n\nIn cellular phones, there is a scheme known as TDMA, or time division, multiple access.  This is similar concept, but it coordinates multiple cell phone's transmitters to accomplish the same thing, but over radio instead of wires.
604954
How long is a piece of string?
359570
Browse some of these links for ideas, algorithm descriptions, etc., in the comments.\n\n\nhttp://www.google.com/search?q=%22histogram+equalization%22+%22source+code%22+C%2B%2B
507292
12kms >-----> 12 kilo byre per sec\n480  >------> 480 mega byte per sec\n\nso the second on is better for high speed transmission rate
436468
More info is needed. \n\nWhat is the pass band frequency, what is the spectral content of the input signal. Ideally how steep do you want it?
127155
Full duplex transmission is functionally much simpler than half-duplex transmission because it involves no media contention, no collisions, no need to schedule retransmissions, and no need for extension bits on the end of short frames.The only restriction is that there must be a minimum-length interframe gap between successive frames.\n\nAlso, such networks are usually "Switched Networks", which means seperate collision domain for each line, thus eliminating the need of CSMA/CD.