What is phases of matter?
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Solid,liquid and gas.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_matter
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Phase - gas \nDensity  (0 °C, 101.325 kPa)\n9.73 g/L \nMelting point  202 K\n(-71 °C, -96 °F) \nBoiling point 211.3 K\n(-61.7 °C, -79.1 °F) \nCritical point 377 K, 6.28 MPa \nHeat of fusion 3.247 kJ·mol−1 \nHeat of vaporization 18.10 kJ·mol−1 \nHeat capacity (25 °C) 20.786 J·mol−1·K−1 \nVapor pressure P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k \nat T/K 110 121 134 152 176 211 \n \nAtomic properties \nCrystal structure cubic face centered \nOxidation states 0 \nElectronegativity no data (Pauling scale) \nIonization energies 1st: 1037 kJ/mol \nAtomic radius (calc.) 120 pm \nCovalent radius 145 pm \nMiscellaneous \nMagnetic ordering non-magnetic \nThermal conductivity (300 K) 3.61 mW·m−1·K−1 \nCAS registry number 10043-92-2 \nSelected isotopes \nIsotopes of radon iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP \n211Rn syn 14.6 h Epsilon 2.892 211At \nAlpha 5.965 207Po \n222Rn 100% 3.824 d Alpha 5.590 218Po \n \n\n\nthis is what wikipedia had to say. hope it helps!
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A liquid is one of the four main phases of matter. It is a fluid whose shape is usually determined by the container it fills. Liquid particles (normally molecules or clusters of molecules) are free to move within the liquid volume, but their mutual attraction limits the ability of particles to leave the volume. The volume of a quanitiy of liquid is fixed by its temperature and pressure. If this volume is not exactly matching the volume of the container, a surface is observed. The surface of the liquid is behaving as an elastic membrane, in which surface tension appears. Due to this effect, liquids form drops and bubbles. Capillarity is another consequence of surface tension.\n\nLiquids exert pressure on the sides of a container as well as on anything within the liquid itself. This pressure is transmitted in all directions and increases with depth.\n\nIf a liquid is at rest in a uniform gravitational field , the pressure &#92; p at any point is given by\n\n    &#92; p=&#92;rho g z\n\nwhere:\n\n    * &#92; &#92;rho = the density of the liquid (assumed constant)\n    * &#92; g = gravity\n    * &#92; z = the depth of the point below the surface.\n\nNote that this formula assumes that the pressure at the free surface is zero, and that surface tension effects may be neglected.\n\nLiquids generally expand when heated, and contract when cooled. Objects immersed in liquids are subject to the phenomenon of buoyancy.\n\nLiquids at their respective boiling point change to gases, and at their freezing points, change to solids. Even below the boiling point liquid evaporates on the surface. A liquid will evaporate until the concentration of the vapors belonging to the liquid reach an equilibrium partial pressure in the gas. Therefore no liquid can exist permanently in a vacuum.\n\nVia fractional distillation, liquid components from a mixture can be separated from one another as they vaporise at their own individual boiling points.\n\nGlass at normal temperatures is not a "supercooled liquid", but a solid. See the article on glass for more details.
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All atoms have intermolecular forces that keep them together as solids or liquids. Adding energy will overcome these forces and cause them to change phase from solid->liquid->gas (with a few that jump straight from solid to gas).\n\nEnergy has to be added to cause this phase change. Going in the opposite direction requires withdrawing energy.\n\nThe types of forces or bonds (not chemical bonds) absorb energy when broken, give up energy when formed. It implies that the solids are in a lower energy state than liquids, and liquids lower than gases.\n\nThis said, when water turns in ice, heat energy is being withdrawn, and the molecules are getting into a more stable and fixed configuration with respect to each other. Because of the polar nature of water, it forms hydrogen bonds between molecules. These type of bonding means when water turns into ice, it positions the molecules into very specific configurations, to maintain the lowest energy state it can get to. Hence the formation of ice crystals.
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In physics, matter is commonly defined as the substance of which physical objects are composed, not counting the contribution of various energy or force-fields, which are not usually considered to be matter per se (though they may contribute to the mass of objects). Matter constitutes much of the observable universe, although again, light is not ordinarily considered matter. Unfortunately, for scientific purposes, "matter" is somewhat loosely defined.\n\nSee http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter for more information on matter.\n\nGood Luck!!!
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the atom is the most basic unit of matter
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Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space, so that would be people, cars, gases, anything really except for things that are not tangible like thoughts.
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Yes, Plasma is the 4th state of matter.\n\nIt *IS* found on Earth, and it is used in myriad applications.\n\nIt *IS* found in nature - [Plasma is] the most common form of matter, comprising more than 99% of the visible universe!!
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Ice water.  Ice is the solid phase and the water is the liquid phase.
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Hey check this out, I guess there are 7 states.\n\nThese phases include gases, plasmas, liquids, fluids, superfluids, solids, and Bose-Einstein condensates.\n\nSorry about all the rephrasing.
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The critical temperature, Tc, of a material is the temperature above which distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist. As the critical temperature is approached, the properties of the gas and liquid phases become the same.
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Liquid crystals are substances that exhibit a phase of matter that has properties between those of a conventional liquid, and those of a solid crystal. For instance, a liquid crystal (LC) may flow like a liquid, but have the molecules in the liquid arranged and oriented in a crystal-like way. There are many different types of LC phase, which can be distinguished based on their different optical properties (such as birefringence). When viewed under a microscope using a polarized light source, a liquid crystal material will appear to have a distinct texture. Each 'patch' in the texture corresponds to a domain where the LC molecules are oriented in a different direction. Within a domain, however, the molecules are well ordered. Liquid crystal materials may not always be in an LC phase (just as water is not always in the liquid phase: it may also be found in the solid or gas phase). Liquid crystals can be divided into thermotropic and lyotropic LCs. Thermotropic LCs exhibit a phase transition into the LC phase as temperature is changed, whereas lyotropic LCs exhibit phase transitions as a function of concentration.
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Relatively new states of matter. After these discoveries the total states of matter are now 6. Einstein predicted these so they are named after him. BECs(bose-einstein condensates) are new form of matter at the coldest temperatures in the universe. A Bose-Einstein condensate is a phase of matter formed by bosons cooled to temperatures very near to absolute zero. \n\nThe fermionic condensate is a superfluid phase formed by fermionic atoms at low temperatures. It is closely related to the Bose-Einstein condensate, a superfluid phase formed by bosonic atoms under similar conditions. Unlike the Bose-Einstein condensates, fermionic condensates are formed using fermions instead of bosons.
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The simple answer is solid, liquid and gaseous, the same as all other materials. However, if one wants to probe a bit deeper:\n\n1. One can imagine that if the water were subjected to extreme conditions, that it could form a plasma, the fourth state of matter. \n\n2. There are many forms of the solid version of water, ice:\n\na. the simplest crystalline phase of ice is hexagonal, also known as Ih\n\nb. under different conditions, other crystalline phases exist, known as II, III, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX and X. \n\nc. ice can also exist in amorphous states, amorphous solid water (ASW), low density amorphous ice (LDA), high density amorphous ice (HDA), very high density amorphous ice (VHDA) and hyperquenched glassy water (HGW).\n\nd. ice can also form a clathrate hydrate, in which gas molecules are trapped in an ice crystal lattice (deep on the ocean floor, on the outer planets in the solar system possibly, inside arctic gas pipelines).\n\nAnd these are just the ones we have found so far. Depending on what you call a "phase", there are many, many phases of water.
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1. MATTER - Anything that has Mass and takes up Space.\n\n2. MASS - The measurement of the amount of Matter in an object.  We use a Balance to determine Mass.\n\n3. Matter is Classified (divided) into FOUR STATES:\n\n    a. SOLID - Anything that has BOTH A DEFINITE VOLUME and a DEFINITE SHAPE.  A rock is a solid, solid matter can be picked up and carried around without having to place it in a special container.\n\n    b. LIQUID - Anything that has DEFINITE VOLUME but NO DEFINITE SHAPE.  A key property of a liquid is that they FLOW and can be POURED.\n\n    c. GAS - Has NO DEFINITE VOLUME and NO DEFINITE SHAPE.  A gas ALWAYS TAKES BOTH THE VOLUME AND THE SHAPE OF ANY CONTAINER INTO WHICH IT IS PLACED.  If a gas is NOT in a container, it will spread out as far as it can.\n\n    d. PLASMA - Has NO DEFINITE VOLUME OR SHAPE AND IS COMPOSED OF ELECTRICAL CHARGED PARTICLES.
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Melting means a change of physical phase.  There are essentially three phases of matter here on earth: solid, liquid or gas.  When a solid substance becomes liquid, that is said to "melt".  The opposite of melting is freezing, or going from liquid to solid phase.\n\nShrinking means reduction in size or length.  The chemical bonds are altered; the phase remains the same (which is most often solid).\n\nShrinking does not involve change of phase whereas melting does involve change of phase.