How can the plasma state be achieved without the prerequisiteof a  very high temperature?
952341
It can be achieved only by ionizing the atoms at high temperatures
544223
Plasma is the 4th state of matter, but it does not have a consistency of jelly. It is actually simply gas which has been ionized, or an electron has been freed from a number of atoms in the gas.\n\nThis makes plasma very conductive, like a metal (unlike a gas). Also, plasma molecules travel together, unlike in a gas. The differences make it another state of matter altogether.\n\nPlasma is very difficult to experiment with in the laboratory, but you can learn a lot about it. Most of the matter in the universe is in the plasma state (much more than gas, solid, or liquid), but to contain pure plasma on earth would require a huge amount of energy or magnetic field. Plasma is what makes the sun shine, and the sun can contain lots of it because of its huge gravity field. Still, you can find ways to do plasma research (plasma is found in common fire and lightning during thunderstorms).\n\nYou can also read about fusion reactors, which use plasma as a great source of energy. We haven't developed this very well, but it is amazing to learn about. A famous experiment of a fusion reactor is the "Tokamak" by the Russians.
216395
In theory it is possible but in practical application it is difficult because supper conductivity can be acchived only at very low temperature & it will not be economical to do so.
351009
Water with a high salt concentration, and plasma (electrically charged gas)
63178
the plasma state is the ionic form of matter hence it can not travel than = to speed of light \nhence the time depends on the energy of the plasma particle and from where it has originated from sun surface and the tem. of that part
314651
u see,when a solid is heated to a certain extent it melts into liquid,and further heated it becomes a vapour,when it is heated to a greater extent,the molecules break up into atoms and atoms into very minute states.these form a cloud of particles which is called plasma.\n          for ex.,the temp. of stars is upto millions of degrees hence the plasma is present and also known as fourth state of matter.\n        i hope u got it!!!
77567
Cold fusion has not been achieved.  Someone is pulling your leg about that.  "Hot" fusion reactions have been achieved in the lab, but only under very limited circumstances, not sustainable, and not at the break-even point in terms of energy production.
889460
A Tokamak is a machine that creates a doughnut-shaped magnetic field; a plasma (basically a bunch of ionized atoms, each with a positive or negative charge) gets trapped in the magnetic field, which we call being “confined” by the field.  By manipulating the magnetic field and the quantity of plasma, extremely high pressures and temperatures can be attained.  For this reason, the Tokamak design is used for fusion research—the hope is that the ions and electrons in the plasma can be squeezed so close together that they will overcome electrical repulsion and fuse together, releasing energy in the process.  (Two positively-charged ions, for example, experience strong electrical forces that push them apart when they get close together, but if they get close enough, nuclear forces can overcome the repulsion, and the ions can fuse to form a larger one.)\n\nFusion happens all the time in extreme environments—the interior of the Sun, for example, where it provides the enrgy for our star to shine—but humans have never managed to achieve controlled fusion.  Instead, we’ve only managed the uncontrolled variety—in the form of hydrogen bombs.\n\n\nRyan Wyatt\nRose Center for Earth & Space\nNew York, New York
329266
Plasma does not cast a shadow. Plasma is the extreme for of matter. Its the core of the sun but Plasma cannot cast a shadow.
552193
Can be solved by simply plugging values into the Ideal Gas equation without using two states.  Pressure must be converted to atmospheres, however, and temperature to Kelvin.  P = 1.243 atm, T = 306 K\n\nn = PV/RT = 1.243 * 2.74 / (0.08206 * 306) = 0.136 mol\n\nmass = moles * MM = 0.136 * 28.01 = 3.81 g
776170
1) Raise the temperature from -20°C to 0°C:\nMass of ice * specific heat of ice * temperature rise\n10.0g * 2.1 J/g K * 20° = 420 J\n2) Melt the ice:\nMass of ice * Heat of Fusion\n10g * 333J/g = 3330 J\n3) Raise the temperature from 0°C to 100°C:\nMass of water * specific heat of water * temperature rise\n10.0g * 4.2 J/g K * 100° = 4200 J\n4) Evaporate the water:\nMass of water * Heat of Vaporization\n10.0g * 2260J/g = 22600 J\n5) Raise the temperature from 100°C to 120°C:\nMass of steam * specific heat of steam * temperature rise\n10.0g * 2.0 J/g K * 20° = 400 J\n\n6) Addition: 420 + 3330 + 4200 + 22600 + 400 = 30950 J
12892
well, all plasma is is gas when all of the atoms are ionized, so it's not like something special happens, so nothing can really happen after it.  I mean, at a substance's coldest, the particles have no movement, and it's solid, then as temperatures increase they get more movement and can slide around each other, becoming liquid, and finally when it gets hot enough, the particles are moving so fast that they separate from each other and fly every which way, which is a gas.  No matter how hot it gets, the particles are still going to be seperate, and will just move faster and faster, still being a gas.  Plasma isn't even just solely a result of temperature, other conditions have to occur as well, and all of the atoms are ionized (meaning that they have complete electron shells and they do this by losing or gaining electrons. They are most stable when they have completely filled orbitals.)  Now you have a bunch of very fast ionized particles. Nothing more can really happen to them... hmmm, wait, actually, unless protons start shooting out and they become other elements... Who knows what happens at such extreme temperatures? Well with larger radioactive elements, there is decay that goes on over time converting one element into another, so maybe that would be influenced by temperature and pressure.  well there still wouldn't be another state of matter, it would just be different elements at either gas or plasma state.
819769
Read Angels and Demons. Although the antimatter making technique is totally impractical, it just might be possible to store the stuff in a hand-grenade sized container. Magnetic suspension has already been done, although it would make a large hand grenade with current technology.\nhttp://www.levitron.com/\n\nA truly perfect vacuum really is impossible, but a near-perfect vacuum could be done. Just as long as you eliminate all the gas molecules floating around, you should be safe enough. http://www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae290.cfm
711263
It is impossible in principle to reach absolute zero.  Temperatures of microkelvins have been achieved, but to actually reach absolute zero would require something colder to act as a heat sink, and of course that is impossible.
822104
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)\n\nGood question btw
663800
Spectroscopy is the branch of science (Physics) concerned with production and analysis of spectra (analogous range of radiations in order of wavelength), produced by a spectrophotometer.\n\nIn emission spectroscopy, a sample is normally excited by thermal energy. Atoms in the sample absorb thermal energy causing outer orbital electrons to become excited from their ground state to higher orbital energy level. After a short lifetime (10{+-}{+6} to 10{+-}{+9}s), the excited electrons return to the ground state. Simultaneously, electromagnetic radiations (normally in the form of light in the UV-visible region) are emitted. The emitted radiations are analysed by means of spectrograph, which separates various wavelengths.\n\nIn Plasma Emission Spectroscopy, the exciting medium/ agent is plasma. The term `Plasma' in Physics means a very hot/ high temperature ionised gas, sometimes described as the fourth state of matter (the other three being solid, liquid and gas). In this method of sample analysis, a `Plasma Source' is the basic component. (Plasma Emission Spectroscopy is similar to Optical Emission Spectroscopy in principles but differs in mechanism. In OES, the sample excitation is done by electric arc or spark mechanism in the temperature range of 3000-5000 degrees Celcius. In PES, the temperature range is 7000-9000 {+o}C.\n\nThe sample solution or the analyte solution is supplied to the `Plasma Source' by a `Nebulizer' assembly. On reaching the high temperature (7000-9000 degrres Celsius) plasma, the solution attains this high temperature and all types of molecular bonds break down. Free atoms or ions (electrically charged atoms) are produced, which emit their characteristic spectra. A `Monochromator' assembly is in position after `Plasma Source' for isolation of the desired analyte line (or spectrum). The intensity of an analyte line is directly proportional to the concentration of that particular analyte (element being analysed) in the sample solution. The `detector & read-out' assembly gives us the concentration of the particular element in the sample. Modern instruments being computer controlled, the analysis is very fast and needs little operator skill. (Depending on the technique of production, plasma may be of three classes — viz., D.C. argon plasma, Microwave plasma and Inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The ICP is the most widely used due to mechanical simplicity and operational advantages.\n\nTherefore, plasma Emission Spectroscopy is the method of analysis of various elements in a sample, by passing the sample/ analyte solution through a plasma (high temperature ionised gas) source, thereby exciting the outer orbital electrons of the analyte with simultaneous emission of electromagnetic radiations (in the form of lights), which are analysed by means of a spectrograph, which separates various wavelengths of analytes in the sample.
812363
In Oxford a fusion reactor has been going for many years with a large amount of energy being made. Unfortunately to keep the plasma contained the largest magnetic field generated anywhere has to be maintained and to reach the enormous temperature needed to initiate fusion requires more than ten times the energy extracted. The problems are technical construction rather than theory and with the new international initiative the scientists are confident that a viable fusion reactor can be made in a few decades.