how was HIV virus discorverd?
965524
People believe that HIV virus first originated from Africa.\nIn 1982 HIV virus was defined the first time in USA community.\nTwo men ( homo sexual ) were captured and brought to the hospital with strange symptom.\nA  scientist had done many research project to find out the role of this virus. \nHe drew the conclusion that virus HIV causes AIDS decease including some distinctive symptom
205021
There is no proof for such possibility. The virus has a very weak environmental susceptibility and is not able to be transmitted via contaminated surfaces. Modes of transmission are sexual, vertical, blood or blood components transfusion, broken skin+infected blood and contaminated needles used by injection drug users.\nThe disease is diagnosed when an opportunistic infection e.g. P Cranii P or malignancy e.g. K. Sarcoma are detected, HIV antibodies in the blood and the increased numbers of T cells in the blood.
619170
The AIDS virus - HIV , is found in the blood and because most body fluids( breast milk,sweat, tears, saliva , semen , vaginal secretions ) are (or contain) an ultrafiltrate of blood, there's a theoratical possibility of finding the virus in all types of body fluids. Having said that , I would like to state that HIV has NEVER EVER been recovered from SWEAT - hence, physical contact wouldn't result in transmission of virus.\nThere have been reports of recovery of the virus from TEARS & SALIVA, but in very low quantities. It is important to understand that finding a small amount of HIV in a body fluid does not necessarily mean that HIV can be transmitted  by that body fluid.At the same time, contact with saliva, tears, or sweat has never been shown to result in transmission of HIV.\n\nHaving spelt out the facts (or observations!), my personal advice would be to avoid giving a deep kiss (exchange of saliva) to any HIV+ person. There are other better and safer ways to express affection to an individual , so why take the unnecessary risk.
829882
He doesn't remember, but it was with a woman.  He's had HIV for over 10 years.\n\nHe basically dipped his stick into too many skanks....
681674
My answer was inacurate, the two answers following however quoted an excellent article. To save others the effort I will put the link in here. This article does an excellent job explaining the origions of HIV and the few places I have checked to verify the information contained in the article have checked out.
76769
HIV (āch'ī-vē') \nn.\nA retrovirus that causes AIDS by infecting helper T cells of the immune system. The most common serotype, HIV-1, is distributed worldwide, while HIV-2 is primarily confined to West Africa.\n\n\nHIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a retrovirus that infects cells of the human immune system. It is widely accepted that infection with HIV causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), a disease characterized by the destruction of the immune system. In the United States and Europe, antibodies to HIV are one of the criteria for a diagnosis of AIDS.\n\n\nHIV is transmitted through penetrative (anal or vaginal) and oral sex, blood transfusion, the sharing of contaminated needles in health care settings and through drug injection, and between mother and infant during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding according to a leading international health care source UN AIDS in UNAIDS transmission (http://www.unaids.org/en/Resources/faq/faq_transmission.asp#7). The use of physical barriers such as the latex condom is widely advocated to reduce the risk of sexual transmission of HIV.\n\nThe WHO estimated in 2000 that 25% of the units of blood transfused in Africa were not tested for HIV and 5% to 10% of cases of HIV infection in Africa were transmitted via blood.\n\n\nHIV enters a CD4+ helper T-cell by bonding with either CXCR4 or both CXCR4 and CCR5 depending on what stage the HIV infection is in. A cofactor protein (fusin) is required to assist binding of the viron to the membrane of the T-cell. During the early phases of an HIV infection typically both CCR5 and CXCR4 are bound while late stage infection often involve HIV mutations that only bind to CXCR4.\n\nOnce HIV has bound to the CD4+ T-cell a viral protein known as GP41 penetrates the cell membrane and the HIV RNA and various enzymes including but not limited to reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease are injected into the cell.\n\nThe host T-cell can process RNA into proteins (as in Polio virus) but this doesn't happen with HIV. Instead, HIV is stabilised by copying it into DNA and inserting it into the host cell's chromosomes. This means the virus can perform more subtle functions by using the host transcription machinery. The virus generates DNA from the HIV RNA using the reverse transcriptase enzyme to perform reverse transcription. This process can be inhibited by drugs. If this succeeds the pro-viral DNA must then be integrated into the host cell DNA using the integrase enzyme. If the pro-viral DNA becomes integrated into the host cell's DNA the cell is now fully infected but not actively producing HIV proteins. This is the latent stage of an HIV infection during which the infected cell can be an "unexploded bomb" for potentially a long time.\n\nTo actively produce virus, certain transcription factors need to be present in the cell. The most important is called NF-kB (NF Kappa B) and is present once the T cells becomes activated. This means that those cells most likely to be killed by HIV are in fact those currently fighting infection.\n\nThe production of the virus is regulated, like that of many viruses. Initially the integrated provirus is copied to mRNA which is then spliced into smaller chunks. These small chunks produce the regulatory proteins Tat (which encourages new virus production) and Rev. As Rev accumulates it gradually starts to inhibit mRNA splicing. At this stage the structural proteins Gag and Env are produced from the full-length mRNA. Additionally the full-length RNA is actually the virus genome, so it binds to the Gag protein and is packaged into new virus particles.\n\nInterestingly HIV-1 and HIV-2 appear to package their RNA differently - HIV-1 will bind to any appropriate RNA whereas HIV-2 will preferentially bind to the mRNA which was used to create the Gag protein! This may mean that HIV-1 is better able to mutate (HIV-1 causes AIDS faster than HIV-2 and is the majority species of the virus
267055
Why is everyone so uneducated...\npick up a book and read..\nHIV is not as contractible as everyone makes it out to be,\nyes it is contracted through blood, blood products, semen and vaginal fluids\nbut\nit is a virus that is highly unstable outside of it's environment\nThere are considerable low amounts of virus found in saliva but not enough to contract HIV through. Even needle stick injuries to health care providers have a 0.3% chance of contracting HIV and still it would depend on several factors such as,\nwhat stage was the person with HIV, if they were on a drug regime, how much virus was in the blood, how much blood you came in contact with, and if the blood was transmitted through an artery or vein.\n\nIt is silly to be worried about contracting HIV through a french kiss what you should be really worried about is contracting Hep C
150291
The HIV virus, human immunodeficiency virus, causes the disease AIDS, auto immunity deficiency syndrome. Basically the infection of these viruses can just sit around and the person is a carrier but does not have AIDS but they do have HIV, or what happens more often is they go on to develop AIDS. The virus does attack white blood cells as the previous person stated. Once someone has full blown AIDS they can no longer fight of any infection. They generally fall prey to pnemonia.
175002
The virus has the ability to mutate to avoid most conventional drugs. The one thing the virus cannot hide from is the natural immune system. The initial round of cells which come into contact with the virus are destroyed. It takes about two weeks for this to happen. The immune system then regroups and works quite efficiently although the virus is still there. This process can go on for a long period of time before HIV will develop into AIDS.\n Now, think of the immune system as tracks in a recording studio. The first track has been lowered but the next track has begun working. After the second track is lowered to a certain point the third track begins working. You get the idea. Hypothesize that we can slow the immune response without hindering the power of the immune system. In other words the immune system is too good for its own good sometimes so we will slow it down and it will be able to destroy virus before the virus enters the immune cells. This new approach does work. The medical term for these new type of drugs is called entry inhibiters. The top AIDS researcher in the world could explain how peppermint oil lozenges can work the same way as these new drugs. Peppermint oil lozenges could be an alternative to help people who can't afford the new drugs or those people in third world countries. The virus could be contained in this way.\n My best hypothesis for a cure for AIDS would be to first reduce the virus load (this can be done with something as simple as alcohol ) in the bloodstream and then use this new approach to slow the immune response. You would need to use these first steps on a consistent basis along with a good diet and excercise to rebuild the "tracks" which have been lowered. After a period of consistency then the next step would be to introduce a vaccine into the bloodstream ( even a non-specific one ) which would help rebuild the immune system. It could in fact be possible to have an immunity to the virus although there is still virus hiding in tissue as well as fat cells in the body. This would in essence be a cure for AIDS.
11052
i do not think he had it to begin with. i think they had just messed up on the test or something. or maybe he has something in his body to make the test positive. no one can escape the aids virus once they have it, unless it is just a miracle from GOD
758211
HIV will survive as long as the blood is still wet. If the blood has dried, the HIV virus is no longer alive. keep in mind, the outer layer of the blood could be dry and appear dry, but underneath may still be wet. also, the infected blood would need to get into the blood stream of another person in order to pass on the infection.
1097809
Well, while what many people were saying was true: HIV is an RNA retrovirus, this doesnt make it unique. There are many RNA viruses and also other retroviruses as well. What is important that I didnt really see yet was that the enzymes Reverse Transcriptase and Protease are imperitave for the replication of the virus within the host cells.\n\nHIV infects and destroys T cells (important components of the immune system), creating an immunodeficiency. They also infect Macrophages as well, but do not kill them. Instead of lysing macrophages, they bud out of them. Thus they multiply by means of two different cells of the immune system.\n\nWhat is TRUELY unique about the virus are its host receptors though. Viruses don't usually have a very big host range and are typically limited to one type of specific cell per one specific virus. The HIV/AIDS virus binds to protein receptors on the surface of their host cells, in HIV's case, it needs a receptor AND a co-receptor. Both receptors must be present in order for the virus to attach to and infect a cell. It's receptor is CD4 and co-receptor is CCR5.\n\nEDIT: the reason why it's difficult to create a vaccine for the HIV/AIDS virus is because it infects the immune cells, which means that any immune responses are attacking itself. It is an autoimmune disorder. Vaccines are created in order to present a weakened or killed form on the virus to the body so a small-scale immune response can take place. The next time the body is exposed to that particular virus, it then can recognize it and fight it more quickly and effectively. A vaccine introducing the HIV/AIDS virus would cause an immune response on the immune system, which can still be detrimental to the host's health. Other viruses commonly infect other bodily cells which can be destroyed by the immune system without effecting the host whatsoever. It is easier to create a vaccine for other viruses because it wont cause the immune response to attack itself.
430852
because HIV gets inside your cells and reprograms them to produce the HIV virus.  Your body doesnt attack the cells that it recognizes as its own so the virus is not destroyed.
1022070
it doesnt....it just doesnt reproduce. Now, the body can get rid of certain infections on its own which is where the virus load actually decreases.Hope that was helpful. I'm sure you were expecting some big long drawn out answer which I could give you about how antibodies in the body work....but thats not what you asked.
890484
The virus is transmitted through close contact of mucous membranes, when bodily fluid is present. So, head of penis inside vagina or anus, head of penis to mouth. It's not an easy virus to transmit - it requires a certain amount of the virus to be present. The critical amounts are:\n\n1 drop of blood, or\n1 teaspoon of male ejaculate, or\n1 pint of saliva.\n\nIn other words, just kissing an HIV+ person can't pass the virus; but if someone has bleeding gums, then tiny amounts of blood in the mouth can pass the virus on through the head of a penis.\n\nIn all cases, use condoms to avoid infection.
950194
click here:http://www.bestandworst.com/r/?id=4429\nhttp://www.gibbsmagazine.com/Where%20AIDS%20Came%20From.htm\nhttp://www.alldeaf.com/topic-debates/25274-where-did-aids-come.html\nhttp://beatnikboy.tripod.com/aids.htm\nhttp://www.natap.org/2002/9retro/day0.htm\n\n\nThe origin of AIDS and HIV has puzzled scientists ever since the illness first came to light in the early 1980s. For over twenty years it has been the subject of fierce debate and the cause of countless arguments, with everything from a promiscuous flight attendant to a suspect vaccine programme being blamed. So what it the truth? Just where did AIDS come from?\n\nThe first recognised cases of AIDS occurred in the USA in the early 1980s (more about this period can be found on our history page). A number of gay men in New York and San Francisco suddenly began to develop rare opportunistic infections and cancers that seemed stubbornly resistant to any treatment. At this time, AIDS did not yet have a name, but it quickly became obvious that all the men were suffering from a common syndrome. The discovery of HIV, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus that causes AIDS was made soon after. While some were initially resistant to the connection (and indeed remain so today), there is now clear evidence to prove that HIV does cause AIDS. So, in order to find the source of AIDS, it is necessary to look for the origin of HIV, and find out How, When and Where HIV first began to cause disease in humans.
598202
Acquired (or acute) Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome.\n\nIt had other names in the past, most people are unaware of that and think of it as a sudden plague but it's been around for a very long time. \nOccasionally an aggressive strain of the HIV virus can cause it to be very deadly but HIV is not the only cause of a deficient immune system.