How bacteria becomes resistant to antiobiotics?
964800
Bacteria is constantly mutating. Sooner or later it'll mutate into a strain that is resistant to antibiotics
821240
First of all antibiotics are designed to kill microorganisms like bacteria and fungi by interacting specifically with some of their molecules. Therefore antibiotics anyway do not harm human cells (otherwise they would poison/kill us) since they don't interact with the human cellular machinery and in a way we are already "resistant" to antibiotics.\n\nWhen you digest food proteins that provide resistance to antibiotics are broken down and the genes encoding for these proteins are also broken down. So no they will not enter into your cells or change your DNA...\n\nThe only issue is that there is the possibility that this gene might be transfered through viruses to microorganisms and make them resistant to that antibiotic. Then you could have e.g. a bacterium that is resistant to that antibiotic and therefore infection by it will not be treatable with this antibiotic. HOWEVER it can be treated by other antibiotics. Or it might be specific for microorganisms that are pathogenic eg for plants  but not humans so anyway there wouldn't be any risk for humans.\nMoreover there are other methods that ensure that the final GMO will not have an anibiotic resistance gene.\n\nInserting "new" genes or genes from other organisms in organisms that will be consumed has the risk of generating allergies. It would be poisonous only if you clone a gene that  codes for a toxin but that would be stupid or ill-purposed.
1083576
Bacteria dies with anti-biotics
241963
When an infection enters your body your immune system increases the white blood cell count which controls the spread of the bacterial or virus.Your temperature rises to "fry" the infection.Antibiotics don't actually destroy bacteria,they prevent them from multiplying,and your immune system does the rest.
70348
Bacteria, if thats what you meant, isn't made. It is a life form that grows. Bacteria can be grown on a nutrient agar culture in a petri dish. Or, just leave some bread or an old peice of fruit out and you'll get all sorts of bacteria. By the way, there is bacteria all over your body right now.
60234
I think you might be refering to plasmids.\nA plasmid is a small circular piece of DNA found in bacteria. A plasmid will often include genes which encode a protein that confers resistance to antibiotics. They can be transferred fromn one bacterium to another and replicate separately from the bacterial genomic DNA. One bacterium can contain many copies of a particular plasmid.\n\nLook it up & see if it is relevant to your enquiry.
79560
If you do a Culture & Sensitivity Lab, it will show on the Sensitivity part of the lab what antibiotics the bacteria is suseptible and resistant to.  For example, I recently came across a patient with a VRE or Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci, and the only antibiotic it was still suseptible to was Tetracycline.... yes Tetracycline
328841
Natural Selection is a process where the weaker individuals are "culled out" and only the stronger ones survive.  A good example of this concerning bacteria is the overuse of antibiotics.  Eventually, the resilient individuals will survive antibiotic treatment and become resistant to that particular antibiotic.  Eventually, that population will grow enough and be untreatable with that particular treatment and another antibiotic will have to be used.  Some speculate (myself included) that this is how Bird Flu was created except on a viral level instead of bacterial.  In summary, new environment (heat, cold, antibiotics, etc.) weaker bacteria die off, strong ones survive and propagate and therefore, live on. . . thus adaptation.  Hope this helps.
1054868
The concept of antibiotic immunity is a misnomer that can lead people to believe that they may become "immune" or "resistant" to an antibiotic if they take it too frequently or inappropriately. This notion stems from a misunderstanding in the general public of the concept of antibiotic resistance.\nIt is not people who become immune or resistant to an antibiotic. Rather it is the bacteria responsible for infections that become resistant. The purpose of an antibiotic is to kill--or at least inhibit the growth of--bacteria to quell an infection. Bacteria have been around for thousands of years and have had to survive in hostile environments. As a result, they are able to adapt and have a number of mechanisms for survival, one of which is the development of resistance to antibiotics.\n\nMisuse or overuse of antibiotics selects for resistant bacteria. In a bacterial infection, billions of bacteria are present. Taking an antibiotic will kill or inhibit those bacteria that are susceptible to its effects and leave behind a subpopulation of bacteria that are resistant to the antibiotic. These remaining bacteria can survive and continue to grow. If they then spread from person to person, they may become the norm, and all future infections caused by these resistant bacteria will withstand the original antibiotic, rendering it useless for treatment. For many infections, patients often begin to feel better before all the bacteria have been eliminated. But it is important to complete a full course of antibiotics, even if one’s symptoms have improved, to ensure that as many bacteria as possible are destroyed.\n\nBacteria have a variety of mechanisms by which they become resistant to antibiotics, depending on the particular antibiotic (or class of antibiotic) and the type of bacteria involved. Because antibiotics work differently to attack an essential function of bacteria, it is necessary to consider both the phenotypic mechanism of resistance and the underlying genotypic mechanism of resistance.\n\nFrom a physical or biochemical perspective, there are a number of factors that contribute to antiobiotic resistance. First, the cell wall of a bacterium can be altered so that an antibiotic cannot penetrate it. Second, some bacteria produce enzymes that can destroy antibiotics before they can work. Third, certain bacteria have developed mechanisms known as efflux pumps, which are able to "eject" antibiotics from the bacterial cell before they have a chance to exert any effect. Finally, the antibiotic target site within the bacteria can be altered. In this situation, when an antibiotic enters the bacterial cell it must bind to its intended target in order to have an effect on the bacteria. If the target within the bacteria has been changed to make this binding impossible, the bacteria will be resistant to the medicine’s effects.\n\nUnderlying the phenotypic mechanisms of antibiotic resistance are the genetics of antibiotic resistance. Bacteria, like other living organisms, possess DNA that codes for the proteins and enzymes it requires for survival. Changes to the DNA can result in alterations in the final proteins or enzymes, which in turn can lead to antibiotic resistance. A common genetic mechanism for the development of antibiotic resistance is the acquisition of tiny fragments of DNA known as plasmids or transposons. Transposons may code for a specific antibiotic-inactivating enzyme, which, when produced by the bacteria, destroys an incoming antibiotic before it has an opportunity to work. These tiny fragments may be passed directly from one bacterium to another by a process known as conjugation. Alternatively, small viruses may attack certain bacteria and inject DNA fragments by a process known as transduction. \nAnother genetic mechanism of antibiotic resistance is the acquisition and accumulation of resistance genes from neighboring bacteria through a process known as transformation. A good example of thi
310739
Here is a short answer for you.  :)\n\nGram negative bacteria have a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule attached to their outer cell membrane.  LPS is an endotoxin that triggers an immune response in the form of fever and eventually shock as the toxin accumulates in the bloodstream.  \n\nGram positive bacteria do not have LPS.\n\nP.S.  There is no such species as Pseudomonas aureus  :)
716418
Hi,\nI went to Lab Tests Online and could only find the following when searching for the word...resistance.\nInsulin Resistance\nHIV Genotypic Resistance Testing\nSusceptibility Testing (bacterial resistance)\n\nNot sure which one is the best fit, but I think it might be bacterial resistance. Bacteria are often resistance to antibiotics (and other drugs) for many reasons. Some bacteria are resistant because of properties of their cell wall, metabolism (meaning they can actually destroy the antibiotics if the ingest ("eat") them ), or by multiplying quickly they effectively dilute the antibiotic. Some bacteria can mutate, or change, so that a given antibiotic will be ineffective. The above article explains acquired resistance through a selection process. If a person doesn't take the full course of antibiotics (say only 3 days of a 7 day course), the stronger bacteria will survive, and the next generations of bacteria will also survive that same antibiotic.\nA resistance test assay, I believe, would involve testing the ability of two or more antibiotics in destroying a certain bacteria.\n(sorry I couldn't find anything on the Internet to back this belief up,\nI am doing my best to think back on a few biology classes).
438015
Certain bacteria have evolved into a symbiotic relationship with their human host.  In exchange for producing a vitamin that humans are unable to synthesis on their own, the body’s immune system does not mount a strong immune response against the bacteria.\n\nThis was advantageous for the host (humans) in areas where diets rich in vitamin K were rare or seasonal and beneficial for the bacteria.\n\nOr if you prefer Creationism to evolutionary theory… “Because God said so”
955458
your body is susceptible to infection.
553054
When you friend had pharyngitis first, the doc administered penicillin. Over time however the bacteria got 'resistant' to penicillin (most probably because either she took too much of it or did not take the penicillin on time/at regular intervals like she should have) meaning that it now has a new gene that prevents it from being affected by penicillin - thats the prob with antibiotics - on long term use most bacteria get resistant. \n\nSo now the remedy is use a stronger antibiotic that would work against the bacterial infection. Ask the doc to prescribe a stronger antibiotic, however if it is not taken regulalry, the bacteria can become antibiotic tolerant.
247215
it mostly depends on the vitamin. some vitamins help certain bacteria to grow and some make them die. it all has to do with the vitamin
698417
Antibiotics fight bacteria, not virus; so this is indeed a dangerous problem when people ask for antibiotic all the time, as this just gives an opportunity for pathogens that are not already virulent to learn to fight off and resist said antibiotics.  Next thing you'll know, the antibiotic resistant bacteria will meet with a dangerous one, will mutate and become virulent, dangerous AND antibiotic resistant.
702611
Your body will adapt to antibiotics, prevention however, is easy, wash your hands (alot), avoid anti-bacterial soap (they will also kill the good bacterias that we need), eat right and take vitamins. Simple, yet affective.