what is psychoanalytic theory?
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The theory is, that one bunch of people can figure out what another bunch (or individuals) are up to.  And they mostly fail miserably!
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Dialectical Behaviour Therapy is based on a bio-social theory of borderline personality disorder. Linehan hypothesises that the disorder is a consequence of an emotionally vulnerable individual growing up within a particular set of environmental circumstances which she refers to as the 'Invalidating Environment'.\n\nFor Details:\n\nhttp://www.priory.com/dbt.htm\n\nMay be this is what u looking for.
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Holism. The Gestalt school of psychology demonstrated that when you take a reductionistic approach to understanding behaviour, for example by reducing everything to neural signals, you miss out on something fundamental because "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts". By understanding humans or stimuli as a whole (i.e. holism), we can potentially better understand psychology (according to this school)
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The Oedipus Complex was a term coined by Freud and is supposedly an innate characteristic.  If you ask me, Freud was a little crazy.  I'm sure it didn't help that his mother was beautiful.
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Dr Albert Levis, M.D., psychiatrist and author of Conflict Analysis, the Formal Theory of Behavior, introducing the scientific study of creativity as a unit conflict resolution process . This unit process is measurable and predictable, serving as the integrative paradigm of the social sciences, reconciling them into the rigorous Moral Science
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Methods and philosophies abound along with consultants and consulting companies willing to take your money. The current methodology is what the current favorite of the consultants happens to be leading to the program of the year for larger companies. To me, they are all transactional analysis wrapped up with pretty bows and ribbons. I've always tried to go back to what I consider the tried and true. It has stood me well over 40 years in supervision and management.\n\nTransactional analysis, commonly known as TA to its adherents, is a psychoanalytic theory of psychology developed by psychiatrist Eric Berne during the late 1950s.\n\nRevising Freud's concept of the human psyche as composed of the Superego, the Ego and the Id, Berne postulated instead three "ego states", the Parent, Adult and Child states [1], which were largely shaped through childhood experiences.\n\nUnhealthy childhood experiences could damage the Child or Parent ego states, which would bring discomfort to an individual and/or others, in a variety of forms including many types of mental illness.\n\nBerne considered how individuals interact with one another, and how the ego states affected each set of transactions. Unproductive or counterproductive transactions were considered to be signs of ego state problems. Analysing these transactions, according to the person's individual developmental history, would enable the person to "get better". Berne thought that virtually everyone has something problematic about their ego states and that negative behaviour would not be addressed by 'treating' only the problematic individual.\n\nBerne identified a typology of common counterproductive social interactions, identifying these as "games".\n\nBerne presented his theories in two popular books on transactional analysis. As a result, TA came to be disdained in many mainstream mental health circles as an example of "pop psychology". A light rock song, "Games People Play", reinforced the idea of lightweight inanity.\n\nTA was also dismissed by the conventional psychoanalytic community because of its radical departures from Freudian theory. However, by the 1970s, because of its non-technical and non-threatening jargon and model of the human psyche, many of its terms and concepts were adopted by eclectic therapists as part of their individual approaches to psychotherapy. It also served well as a therapy model for groups of patients, or marital/family counselees, where interpersonal (rather that intrapsychic disturbances) were the focus of treatment.\n\nThe more dedicated TA purists banded together in 1964 with Berne to form a research and professional accrediting body, the International Transactional Analysis Association, or ITAA. The organization is still active as of 2006.
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systems theory is an interdisciplinary field which studies relationships among the systems as a whole.a system is composed of regularly interacting or interdependent groups .
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check out Jungian analysis
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Jacques Lacan, "A Materialist Definition of the Phenomenon of Consciousness," The Seminar of Jacques Lacan. Book II: The Ego in Freud’s Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis 1954-1955, trans. S. Tomaselli (London: Cambridge University Press, 1988).
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Psychotherapist is a generic term for someone who provides psychological therapy. It does not by itself describe a particular mental health professional or a particular approach to therapy. \n\nA Psychoanalyst is a mental health professional who uses Freud's psychoanalytic therapy to treat emotional problems. A traditional psychoanalyst does fairly intensive treatment that tends to take a long period of time to take effect. There is some controversy over the effectiveness of psychoanalytic treatment, and what are the appropriate types of problems for psychoanalytic treatment. \n\nA psychologist is a mental health professional that is trained in psychology. Psychologists who provide treatment--clinical psychologists, counseling psychologists, and school psychologists, for example--have training in psychological foundations, clinical assessment, and psychotherapy and counseling. They do talk therapy as well as do psychological testing. They may use a variety of different treatment approaches, including psychoanalysis, cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, and other types. \n\nA psychiatrist, by the way, is a medical doctor who specializes in treating emotional problems. They can do talk therapy and can also prescribe medication and admit persons to hospitals where needed. Because of their training they tend to work with persons with serious mental illnesses and issues where there is possible medical complications.\n\nA few things to remember when selecting a therapist. First make sure that they hold a license to practice their specialty (psychology, counseling, social work, or psychiatry). All psychotherapists typically do talk therapy, although each may have a particular approach that they use. Make sure that the professional that you go to has experience and training in the problem area with which you want help. Psychotherapy is a relationship with someone, so how well your personality and the personality of your therapist fit make a difference. Some folks find that they have to shop around to find a therapist that they feel they click with. For more information on selecting a therapist and on psychological problems go to the American Psychological Association website at http://www.apahelpcenter.org/. Very good articles on choosing a therapist, when you need help, and other topics are available on the North Carolina Psychological Association website at http://www.ncpsychology.org/html/GeneralPublic.htm\n\nAs far as addictions go, you should find someone who specifically works with addictions. Typically that isn't a psychoanalyst. Addictions treatment often includes the use of 12 step type group support programs. More information on this is available at the National Institute of Drug Abuse website http://www.nida.nih.gov/drugpages/treatment.html\nand the Alcholics Anonomous website http://www.aa.org/default/en_about.cfm.
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Policy analysis is the systematic evaluation of alternative means of achieving social goals. It is frequently deployed in the public sector but is equally applicable to other kinds of organizations. Most policy analysts have graduated from public policy school.\n\nPolicy analysis refers to the analysis of existing or prospective policies with the intention of improving social welfare. One common methodology is to define the problem and evaluation criteria; identify all alternatives; evaluate them; and recommend the best policy option.\n\nPolicy analysis differs from program evaluation in that it attempts to evaluate changes to policies and programs rather than evaluating their current performance. Policy analysts can come from many backgrounds including sociology, psychology, economics, law, political science, public policy, social work and public administration.
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Whoa, deep stuff and big words!\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycho-Cybernetics
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Hypnotic Seance, by Richard Bergh\n\nHypnosis is understood to be a psychological condition in which an individual may be induced to show apparent differences in behavior and thinking. Although some individuals experience an increase in suggestibility and subjective feelings of an 'altered state of consciousness', this is not true for everyone. In fact, supposed hypnotic indicators and subjective changes can be achieved without relaxation or a lengthy induction, a fact which increases the controversy around hypnosis.\n\nIntense debate surrounds the topic of hypnosis. Some scientists dispute its very existence, while many therapists insist upon its value. One potential source of controversy is the wide variety of theories of hypnosis which have traditionally been split into 'state' and 'non-state' camps. This controversy may be decreasing as the value of both perspectives is increasingly recognized. Modern brain-imaging techniques offer hope for an increased understanding of the nature of hypnosis.
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I've dragged out my old 1st year psych paper for you, I hope it helps!\n\nThe Humanistic approach was introduced in response to the limitations of psychodynamic theories, namely that it failed to address the meaning of behaviour and healthy growth. Humanistic psychology emphasises the study of the entire person, and that one’s behaviour is associated with self-image and emotions. This approach has philosophical roots in phenomenology and existentialism (Gross, 1996). Cohen coined the phrase ‘Humanistic Psychology’ in his book of the same name (1958, as cited in Gross 1996), and Maslow first introduced the ‘third force’ of psychological approaches, the other two being the psychoanalytic theory and behaviourism, in the same year. Fundamentally, the humanistic approach considers that a person’s behaviour is determined principally by the world around them but is not exclusively a product of the environment, and that people are driven to fulfill their potential. Rogers and Maslow are considered the most well known humanistic psychologists.\n \nCarl Rogers’ theory of self states that healthy development occurs through how the individual perceives their own being. The self is an ordered series of beliefs and perceptions, and most behaviour is explained in terms of endeavors to achieve constancy between self-image and actions (Gross, 1996).  It is when this congruence is not attained, such as through divergent actions and feelings, that defense mechanisms and distortion may deny access to awareness, and as a result threat, anxiety, and depression may be experienced (Butcher et al., 2004). Severe and persistent incongruence can lead to a disintegration of personality: psychoticism. The level of congruence can therefore be seen as a measure of mental health. However, Rogers regarded people as highly individual and unique and thus did not believe in diagnostic labeling. Roger’s view of humanity is also very positive; he said “There is no beast in man, there is only man in man” (1961, as cited in Gross 1996). He believes that there is a drive toward self-actualisation in every person, a concept that was also shared by Maslow. \n\nAbraham Maslow’s theory emphasises motivation as the impetus to understanding behaviour. He established the hierarchy of needs; a general pattern of needs recognition that needs to be satisfied in order to reach self-actualisation. It is often shown in the shape of a pyramid, with the basic needs at the broad-bottom.  It rises from physiological needs at the bottom, safety, love and belonging, and esteem, to self-actualisation at the peak. Prepotency, satisfaction at each level, is required to finally reach self-actualisation: the ambition of every person’s life (Gawel, 1997, as cited in Eysenck 1998). \n\nHumanistic therapy therefore combines aspects from both these theories to understand how to treat mental disorders. Humanistic psychologists are not concerned with past experiences or instinctual drives; instead they focus on integrating and actualising the self. Conscious choices, internal needs and response, and present circumstances form the basis of humanistic therapy. The therapist attempts to create a therapeutic atmosphere where clients can integrate the self. It is often referred to as client-centered therapy because the word ‘client’ as opposed to ‘patient’ implies that the person is responsible for the treatment. The objective of therapy is to allow the client to be himself, free from threat. The therapist has three main duties. The first is to show genuineness and emotional involvement, and not to hide behind professional impersonality. Secondly, the therapist must show unconditional positive regard: complete acceptance of the client as they are at the current time and non-judgement of any of the client’s feelings or actions. Finally, emphatic understanding is essential. The therapist must attempt to enter the inner world of the client through careful listening a
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Different theories of psychology would answer your question differently.  Freud's psychoanalytic theory would say that you had an experience when you were an infant with a clown and it stuck in your unconscious.  The more common theory would go with the behaviorist theory (watson, skinner) who would say that you were either classically or operantly conditioned to fear clowns.  If you were classically conditioned to fear clowns you saw one, and associated it with fear instead of happiness and that is how it became encoded in your brain.  If you were operantly conditioned to fear them, you were reinforced repeatedly when you saw them.  I.E. you saw one, cried, and were given attention for being scared, this process would lead you to fear clowns.  More likely it is classically conditioned. \nA fourth option is the social learning theory.  If your parents or friends are afraid of clowns it is very possible that you picked it up from them subconsciously.  This happens a lot with spiders and snakes too. \nIf you think your fear of clowns is taking a toll on your life, a behavioral therapist would be best to help with the problem and they will walk you through a process called systematic desensitization. or you can just avoid clowns :-)
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salient - prominent \n\nmodern social and management research \n\n"positivism" and "idealism" are avenues toward (nurture) ie. behaviorism as a tool to control populations and idividuals. \n\nTo understand the basic starting point one looks at (nature) with evolutionary psych as a tool to understand basic drives.
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Metaphysic is a branch of speculative philosophy concerned with explaining the world. A central branch of metaphysics is ontology, the investigation into what categories of things are in the world and what relations these things bear to one another. The metaphysician also attempts to clarify the notions by which people understand the world, including existence, objecthood, property, space, time, causality, and possibility.