what is the basic reaction when chloroform evaporates to get fainting?
962654
There is no chemical reaction -- just the vaporization of liquid chloroform.  The reason the individual faints is not from the chloroform, but from the absence of air (specifically oxygen). \n\nSince chloroform is a very dense gas a compared to oxygen, it can displace the surrounding air and render a person unconscious.  But, again,  this comes not so much from the PRESENCE of chloroform, as from the ABSENCE of oxygen (pushed aside by the denser chloroform vapor).
1110638
The reaction is triggered by the contact of a cold substance with the roof of the mouth. It irritates the nerves in the region, causing them to spasm. These nerves cause the blood vessels in the brain to dilate. When this happens you get a brain freeze.
234662
It's called orthostats, try this...  Lie down and relax for about 10 minutes and then take your pulse.  Slowly stand up and then after a minute take your pulse again.  If there is a huge difference, say more than 20 beats, you're probably dehydrated...
1110988
Signs and symptoms\nHypovolaemic shock \nAnxiety, restlessness, altered mental state due to decreased cerebral perfusion and and subsequent hypoxia. \nHypotension due to decrease in circulatory volume. \nA rapid, weak, thready pulse due to decreased blood flow combined with tachycardia. \nCool, clammy skin due to vasoconstriction and stimulation of sweat glands. \nOliguria (low urine output) due to renal artery vasonconstriction. \nRapid and deep respirations due to sympathetic nervous system stimulation and acidosis. \nHypothermia due to decreased perfusion and evaporation of sweat. \nThirst and dry mouth, due to fluid depeletion. \nFatigue due to inadequate oxygenation. \nCold and mottled skin (cutis marmorata), especially exteremities, due to insufficient perfusion of the skin. \nCardiogenic shock, similar to hypovolaemic shock but in addition: \nDistended jugular veins due to increased jugular venous pressure. \nAbsent pulse due to tachyarrhythmia. \nObstructive shock, similar to hypovolaemic shock but in addition: \nDistended jugular veins due to increased jugular venous pressure. \nPulsus paradoxus in case of tamponade \nSeptic shock, similar to hypovolaemic shock except in the first stages: \nPyrexia and fever, or hypothermia, due to overwhelming bacterial infection. \nVasodilation and increased cardiac output due to sepsis. \nNeurogenic shock, similar to hypovolaemic shock in its presentation. \nAnaphylactic shock \nSkin eruptions and large weals. \nLocalised edema, especially around the face. \nWeak and rapid pulse. \nBreathlessness and cough due to occlusion of airways and swelling of the throat. \n[edit]\nTreatment\nIn the early stages, shock requires immediate intervention to preserve life. Therefore, the early recognition and treatment depends on the transfer to a hospital.\n\n[edit]\nFirst aid\nFirst aid treatment of shock includes:\n\nImmediate reassurance and comforting the casualty if conscious. \nIf alone, go for help. If not, send someone to go for help and someone stay with the casualty. \nEnsure the patency of the airway and assess breathing. Position in the recovery position if able. \nAttempt to stem any obvious haemorrhaging. \nCover the patient with a blanket or jacket, but not too thick to cause vasodilation. \nDo not give a drink, moisten lips if requested. \nPrepare for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. \nGive as much information when the ambulance arrives. \nThe management of shock requires immediate intervention, even before a diagnosis is made. Re-establishing perfusion to the organs is the primary goal through restoring and maintaining the blood circulating volume ensuring oxygenation and blood pressure are adequate; achieving and maintaining effective cardiac function and preventing complications. Patients attending with the symptoms of shock will have, regardless of the type of shock, their airway managed and oxygen therapy initiated. In case of respiratory insufficiency (i.e. diminished levels of consciousness, hyperventilation due to acid-base disturbances or pneumonia) intubation and mechanical ventilation may be necessary. A paramedic may intubate in emergencies outside the hospital, whereas a patient with respiratory insufficiency in-hospital will be intubated usually by a physician.
299245
Sounds more serious than bronchitis. It could be that you're developing pneumonia. The fainting could be from depleting your blood of carbon dioxide (like when a person hyperventilates), or a thing called the Valsalva Effect if you're coughing REALLY REALLY hard.
965002
It is a reaction that will eventually dissipate.  The more times you make it make that taste, the faster it will go away.
863240
Since you had recently suffered from flu, and having sat around during the party in the night where you could have lost your body’s core temperature.  Your body had reacted to it by curtailing the circulation of the skin (goose pimples) and other non essential parts of the body so conserve heat of your body.  But once you were back in your bed, the outside temperature being returned back to normal, blood would have started flowing out to the skin, which was so far curtailed by your body mechanism.  This caused the body losing heat and this started the shivering and this way the muscular activity generated had built up your core body temperature while diverting your blood to the splanchnic pool (the blood pool which supplies to the viscera of the body).  \n\nNow since your blood was pooled in your visceral area and therefore could not reach the brain in sufficient quantities while you were straining to void your bladder, it caused you a spell of dizziness/fainting.  MICTURATION SYNCOPES are known to occur, but in the old and the frail, after prolonged illnesses, or in those with obstruction like BPH (Benign Prostate Hypertrophy) where one has to strain more to pass out urine through the obstructed tract.   \n\nDo not be unduly worried.  Start taking plenty of warm fluids, soups etc.  Keep your body well protected from cold and do not jump out of the bed, get out slowly and do not hurry.  Do not strain too much while standing to void your bladder.  Good luck.
225438
It is caused by a vasovagal reaction where your heart beat slows down and your blood pressure drops causing less blood flow to the brain. Happens to me with needles and its kind of embarrassing.
118569
Many times it's not adrenaline that is causing someone to pass out, but rather when the body processes what happened and the brain panics, it produces insulin to try to help calm you down, many times this insulin rush is what causes people to pass out.
1075772
the covalent reaction it undergoes is a dehydration reaction
628182
HCl would work best.  Sulfamic acid is a weak acid that although easier to handle is more expensive and less effective.  HCl is cheap, but when concentrated can fume, and is more likely to produce Chlorine gas if you acidify something chlorinated with it.
1093317
Most of the time, when people recieve additional fluid (such as glucose or shots) people get a little vertigo.  This usually happens because lack of fluid intake proir to recieving medication.  A rush of medication has been entered into your system without enough water to keep you "level".  It enters the body and take effect faster than a pill.  At this point vertigo begins to take effect.  Making you dizzy, light-headed and have some shortness of breathing.  The best way to avoid this in the future would be to hydrate before recieving fluid medication.
818627
The medical term for the condition caused by hyperventilation is RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS. This is caused by the exhalation of excess CO2 due to rapid breathing. \n\nAs you breath deeper and quicker your pCO2 drops substantially and CO2 is released from carbonic acid in the blood. This results is an increase in blood pH. Breathing into a bag ensures that you inhale a greater percentage of CO2 and thus balance your blood pH. \n\nRespiratory alkalosis can result in loss of consciousness and coma in worst-case scenarios.\n\nThere are two observations based on this that anyone can try for themselves. First, try and hold your breath after a big breath in. Time it. Now, inhale and exhale as deep as you can as rapidly as you can for about 20-30 seconds. Now exhale strongly and hold your breath with empty lungs. You'll almost cetainly be able to beat the other time.\n\nHOWEVER, you must stop immediately after. The reason you have less of a reflex to inhale is because you have lowered your pCO2 which is the measurement the body uses to detect possible lack of oxygen. Your body does not measure oxygen levels only CO2.\n\nIt is actually possible to put yourself into a coma this way unless you make yourself inhale. This is why rebreather that filter out CO2 can be deadly if they malfunction. If you run out of oxygen but there is not build up of CO2 you will simply slip into a coma unaware.\n\nThe other phenomenon occurs when you vomit. The massive loss of acid from your stomach causes the body to go into METABOLIC ALKALOSIS. The automatic response of the body is to lower you breathing rate so that you accumulate CO2 in the blood and thus counter the alkalosis.\n\nNot that you'll be thinking, wow I'm breathing really slow now, next time you puke. But it's true.
782442
could be several things\n\nhigh blood pressure-when your blood pressure gets to high-your body's autoimmune response is to try and shut itself down for protection. this means causing severe dizziness,faintness,complete loss of consciousness, chest pain,numbness,and blurry vision\n\nlow blood sugar-when the body's blood sugar gets too low-one can have feelings of extreme weakness or fatigue,dizziness,passing out,breaking out into sweats,confusion or disorientation.\n\npanic/anxiety attack. symptoms of these are:\n\n-overwhelming feeling of panic ( like you are going to die)\n-chest pain/tightness\n-dizziness or faintness\n-confusion or disorientation\n-blurry vision\n-heart palpitations\n\nany one of these situations can require immediate medical attention. but first try these things\n\n-lie down in a dark,quiet,and comfortable room\n-place a cold washcloth on your forehead\n-take slow,deep breaths and try to focus on relaxing\n-have someone get you something cold to drink or get it yourself before lying down. take small,frequent sips\n\nrest for about 20-30 mins. if you are still having the same symptoms have someone take you to the emergency room. if there is nobody available to drive you-call 911 and have an ambulance come get you. since you are having vision problems-it is not safe for you to drive.
861130
A person flushed into space would remain conscious for about ten seconds and die in about ninety seconds.  It's best if I quote from the "Bioastronautics Data Book" from NASA:\n\n"Some degree of consciousness will probably be retained for 9 to 11 seconds (see chapter 2 under Hypoxia). In rapid sequence thereafter, paralysis will be followed by generalized convulsions and paralysis once again. During this time, water vapor will form rapidly in the soft tissues and somewhat less rapidly in the venous blood. This evolution of water vapor will cause marked swelling of the body to perhaps twice its normal volume unless it is restrained by a pressure suit. (It has been demonstrated that a properly fitted elastic garment can entirely prevent ebullism at pressures as low as 15 mm Hg absolute [Webb, 1969, 1970].) Heart rate may rise initially, but will fall rapidly thereafter. Arterial blood pressure will also fall over a period of 30 to 60 seconds, while venous pressure rises due to distention of the venous system by gas and vapor. Venous pressure will meet or exceed arterial pressure within one minute. There will be virtually no effective circulation of blood. After an initial rush of gas from the lungs during decompression, gas and water vapor will continue to flow outward through the airways. This continual evaporation of water will cool the mouth and nose to near-freezing temperatures; the remainder of the body will also become cooled, but more slowly. \n\n"Cook and Bancroft (1966) reported occasional deaths of animals due to fibrillation of the heart during the first minute of exposure to near vacuum conditions. Ordinarily, however, survival was the rule if recompression occurred within about 90 seconds. ... Once heart action ceased, death was inevitable, despite attempts at resuscitation...."\n\nNOT FUN would be my summation.  It bears mention that there are examples of people who have been exposed to vacuum and recovered with virtuall no ill effects and people who have died because they were exposed to vacuum.  They tend to fall very well within the guidelines laid down above.  For more information and accounts, follow the link.\n\nOf course, if you're just asking how long it's possible to live in a space station, then the answer is indefinitely.  The current record-holder for a space stay is Valeri Polyakov who stayed in orbit for 14 months.  It was only staying on Earth afterward that was the hard part.
811688
I would have to guess that it involves the neutralization reaction of more than 2 substances.\n\nJust a guess
1132950
Caffeine is soluble to some extent in both water and chloroform, however water and chloroform do not mix.  Therefore if we have an aqueous solution of caffeine in physical contact with some liquid cloroform (as in a separation funnel) then some of the caffeine will move from the water and spread into the chloroform.  We can represent this kind of reaction by the following equation:\n\ncaf(aq)  <-->  caf(ch)\n\nThe caffeine can move back and forth between the water(aq) and the chloroform(ch). We say that the caffeine partitions between the water and the chloroform.   Just like any other reaction there is an equillibrium associated with the partioning reaction, and the equillibrium constant (it is called a distribution constant or partition constant in this case) is defined in the same way as for other reactions:  concentration of products over concentration of reactants.  In this case the distribution constant would be given by:\n\nKd = [caf(ch)] / [caf(aq)]  or rearanging  [caf(aq)] * Kd = [caf(ch)].\n\nSuppose we have an initial volume of aqueous caffeine solution V(aq), and we mix it with a volume of chloroform V(ch).  After we have mixed them and let them come to equillibrium.  There will be a certian concentration of caffeine in the aqueous phase of [caf(aq)], and a certian concentration of caffeine in the chloroform of [caf(ch)].  \n\nThe moles of caffeine in the water can be calculated by the following:\n\nmoles caffeine in water = V(aq)[caf(aq)]\n\nThe moles of caffeine in the chloroform can be calculated in a simmilar manner:\n\nmoles caffeine in chloroform = V(ch)[caf(ch)]\n\nThe total moles of caffeine in the system will be the moles of caffeine in the water plus the moles of caffeine in the chloroform.\n\ntotal moles caffeine = V(aq)[caf(aq)] + V(ch)[caf(ch)]\n\nNow, the fraction of caffeine left in the water (fraction left = fl) is the moles of caffeine in the water at equillibrium divided by the total moles of caffeine in the system as shown below.\n\nfraction left in water at equillibrium = (moles caffeine in water) / (total moles caffeine)  or in other words:\n\nfl = V(aq)[caf(aq)]  / (V(aq)[caf(aq)] + V(ch)[caf(ch)])\n\nUsing the equillibrium expression we may make the following substitution in the above equation:  [caf(aq)]*Kd = [caf(ch)].\n\nsubstituting this in we get the following:\n\nfl = V(aq)[caf(aq)]  / (V(aq)[caf(aq)] + V(ch)[caf(aq)]*Kd)\n\nNow we see that all the [caf(aq)] factors cancel leaving us with:\n\nfl = V(aq) / (V(aq) + V(ch)Kd)\n\nSince we are not actually interested in the fraction left but are rather interested in the fraction extracted (fe) the equation for the fraction extracted will simply be one minus the fraction left or:\n\nfe = 1 - fl = 1 - V(aq) / (V(aq) + V(ch)Kd).\n\nIf a percent is desired we simply multiply the fraction by 100% or:\n\n%fe = (1 - V(aq) / (V(aq) + V(ch)Kd))*100%.\n\nFor this particular problem you want an 85% extraction, you have 120ml of aqueous volume, and a Kd of 0.0714.  Putting these values into the above equation we arrive at:\n\n85% = (1 - 120ml / (120ml + V(ch)0.0714))*100%.\n\nAll that is left to do is solve for the volume of chloroform needed (V(ch)).  I will leave the rest of the algebra to you, but I will give you a multiple choice so you can check your answer.\n\nVolume of chloroform needed is:\nA) 11.9ml\nB) 97.5ml\nC) 524ml\nD) 982ml\nE) 2210ml\nF) 9520ml\nG) 10500ml\nH) 53600ml