What should I use to make a simple DNA model?
960835
The kits you get from craft stores OR styrafoam balls and like pipe cleaners and tooth pics
1171167
Try this , it really helped me in my first few lectures in cell bio , such as DNA and RNA . Loads of animations and stuff ! \n\nhttp://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAtranscription.html
107116
I jsut did the same project with my 13 year old son.\nThis is what we used\n\nhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/plants/cell/anatomy.GIF\n\nwe had to make a model
743029
Just have a look at the sites\nhttp://www.DNA-NEWS.ORG \nhttp://www.GENETIC.ORG.UK \nhttp://www.cell-stem.com\nhttp://www.dna-research.org\nhttp://www.dna-rna.org\nhttp://www.dnasequencing.info\nhttp://www.junk-dna.com\nhttp://www.testing-dna.org
276127
any biological item has DNA,hair,saliva,blood- doesnt take much to capture a dna sample
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1. Isolate the genome of organism on which the desired gene sits.\n2. Cut it with restriction enzyme with the desired recognition site.\n3. Perform polymerase chain reaction procedure with oligomer primers which have the suspected complimentary sequence with your gene\n4. Perform agarose gel electophoresis to isolate the multiplied sequences\n5. Separate the duplex structure of primer:DNA in alkaline medium.\n6. Perform Southern Blot Transfer (could be found in any molecular biology laboratory manual)\n7. Transform the target organism with the resulting gene fragments from the southern blot. (transformation procedure vary with the varying target organism)
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The four nucleotide bases, the building blocks of every piece of DNA, are represented by the letters A, C, G, and T, which stand for their chemical names: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. The A on one strand always pairs with the T on the other, whereas C always pairs with G. The two strands are said to be complementary to each other. \n\nTo copy DNA, polymerase requires two other components: a supply of the four nucleotide bases and something called a primer. DNA polymerases, whether from humans, bacteria, or viruses, cannot copy a chain of DNA without a short sequence of nucleotides to "prime" the process, or get it started. So the cell has another enzyme called a primase that actually makes the first few nucleotides of the copy. This stretch of DNA is called a primer. Once the primer is made, the polymerase can take over making the rest of the new chain. \n\nA PCR vial contains all the necessary components for DNA duplication: a piece of DNA, large quantities of the four nucleotides, large quantities of the primer sequence, and DNA polymerase. The polymerase is the Taq polymerase, named for Thermus aquaticus, from which it was isolated. \n\nThe three parts of the polymerase chain reaction are carried out in the same vial, but at different temperatures. The first part of the process separates the two DNA chains in the double helix. This is done simply by heating the vial to 90-75 degrees centigrade (about 165 degrees Fahrenheit) for 30 seconds. \n\nBut the primers cannot bind to the DNA strands at such a high temperature, so the vial is cooled to 55 degrees C. At this temperature, the primers bind or "anneal" to the ends of the DNA strands. This takes about 20 seconds. \n\nThe final step of the reaction is to make a complete copy of the templates. Since the Taq polymerase works best at around 75 degrees C (the temperature of the hot springs where the bacterium was discovered), the temperature of the vial is raised. \n\nThe Taq polymerase begins adding nucleotides to the primer and eventually makes a complementary copy of the template. If the template contains an A nucleotide, the enzyme adds on a T nucleotide to the primer. If the template contains a G, it adds a C to the new chain, and so on to the end of the DNA strand. This completes one PCR cycle.  \n\nIf Instead of G if A gets added to C, then its called as mismatch...or mutation which DNA come over by repair mechanism...\n\nhope this helps!!!
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Oligonucleotides synthesized using the standard solid-state phosphoramidite method do not have phosphates at either the 5' or 3' end.  This should not be a problem for PCR.\n\nThe only time you need a phosphate at the 5' end is if you want to ligate that 5' end to a 3' end of another piece of DNA.  Remember that normal DNA ligation occurs between a 3'-OH and a 5'-P.  You can add the phosphate yourself using the enzyme polynucleotide kinase, or most commercial vendors that sell oligos will do it for you for an extra fee.
214979
You can check out this site, it explains a step by step technique:\n\nhttp://www.pall.com/biosepra/34696_7290.asp
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Simply:\nTake sample cells from your body where a mutation is expected, and from a normal site.\n\nUse an enzyme to dissolve the cell's membrane\n\nUse alcohols to separate the DNA from the solution.\n\nTake the solution and use PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) to technically clone the DNA (make copies of it), but add in both normal and abnormal nucleotides (For both the mutated and non-mutated)\n\nPut it in a gel electrophoresis chamber and run electricity through the solution.\n\nYou can actually separate the abnormal nucleotides into specific chambers (A C G T )\n\nThe DNA fragments will separate throughout the gel and will create a pattern which shows the order of the nucleotides so you can find the specific code for the DNA.\n\nCompare the suspected mutated one to the normal cell.\n\n(It's pretty complex but that's the simple version)
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Here are a few sites that have good ones :\nhttp://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/basics/dna\nhttp://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/582dnadoublehelix.html (more a ball and stick model)\nhttp://www.envirohealthtech.com/images/DNA.jpg (this one is just pretty)
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Do not go there.\nLeave the microorganisms in peace.\n\nIf you have not got the entire DNA structure mapped and well understood, you are asking for nothing but trouble.  You might end up with a pathogen which targets human nerve cells or muscle nerve discharges.  Write a sci-fi book about your idea and leave the experiments until you finish a college degree and have a much better idea of just how complicated the Big Picture really is.
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DNA is made up of 3 units- \nDeoxy ribose sugar\nPhosphate\nNitrogen Base\n\nThe sugar and phospate form the backbone and the bases are attached to it at 90 degrees. Another complementary strand makes up this double helix. The bases of one strand are attached to those of the other by hydrogen bonds. \nAdenine//Thymine\nCytosine///Guanine\nThere's still a lot to describe- It's a 10 marks-question at University , you know.\n\nHey Sasha:\n"ALL OF THEM. each three purines (half steps) are called a genome and they code for one amino acid. "\n\nThe half steps, as you call them, could be either purines or pyrimidines. THEY ARE NOT CALLED A GENOME. Three nitrogen bases that code for one amino acid are called  TRIPLET CODONS. \nA genome is the whole genetic material of an organism.
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Yes, you need a lab to do this! If that wasn't clear to you, this may not be the best project to try to copy!\n\nWhy not have an idea of you own, something you can do with what you have at hand at home? You might learn something!
1032144
RNA, most assuredly.\n\nDNA is a great replicator, but a lousy enzyme.\n\nProteins make great enzymes, but lousy replicators.\n\nRNA makes a pretty good replicator, and a pretty good enzyme, so is a much better candidate than DNA for an early replicator that becomes its own catalyst.  However, RNA replication is far more error-prone than DNA, so it is not sufficient for coding for complex organisms.\n\nSo what we have now is DNA which is stable (error-correcting) enough to support *huge* DNA molecules that store information for tens of thousands of genes through an indefinite number of generations ... but RNA is used as an intermediary carrier of information during protein synthesis.
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This would depend on the type of informational models you need to test and how you want the results to be represented.\nI would recommend Access/Excel and VB for database apps that would keep the data in its simplest form and allows access to tools and libraries fit for the purpose.\nMatlab is a mathematical based IDE that enables complex representation of computational methods written in C++ and C.\nVC++ is a good all round IDE that also enables use of an extensive range of libraries and tools.\nDelphi is also relatively a good all rounder and since you know pascal already this might be a good choice.\nLike i say it would depend entirely on how you want to represent the test data and what data is actually tested. If you can furnish me further with this info i can point you in the right direction.
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The main question is: do you want to make transient or stable transfection. If you want to do stable transfections, then you will need a selective marker such as resistance to G418. \n\nSome vectors also code for a fluorescent protein such as GFP or add a tail to your protein such as a His Tag. This helps for the visualization of your protein or the purification but beware of potentially inactivating additions.\n\nYou will always have a polycloning site so what you want to find is a set of enzymes that you have in the lab in a good amount and work with them. Find the vectors that have their restriction site for the insert.\n\nAs for the promoter of use, ask around in the lab for what works the best with your cell line. It's not such a big choice.