How are proteins transported into the mitochondria?
965226
no, proteins are not produced there.  proteins are produced in the cytosol and transported to the mitochondria by chaperone proteins that recognize the mitochonrial localization signal in the amino acid sequence of the specific proteins.  these proteins are then shuttled throught specific channel protein complexes across the mitochodrial membrane and into the mitochondria.
800200
Protein synthesis is not the simplest process, but I will try to keep this answer as simple as possible.  Here I present a highly simplified reduction of the process of protein synthesis.\n\nmRNA made in the nucleus of a cell is transported to the cytoplasm of a cell.  When mRNA is in the cytoplasm the ribosome assembles around it.  The ribosome is composed of two subunits, a small ribosomal subunit and a large ribosomal subunit.  Each of the subunits is composed of rRNA and proteins.  The two ribosomal subunits will bind to the ribosome binding site (rbs) of the mRNA.  The rbs is located prior to the open reading frame of the ribosome. When the ribosome binds to the mRNA the ribosome begins to move down the mRNA.  \n\nDuring this time tRNA is binding to the mRNA as well.  tRNA simply carries the amino acid that will compose the protein to the mRNA so that the amino acids of the protein can become bound to one another.  \n\nSo as the ribosome moves down the mRNA it will encounter tRNA.  However, the tRNA's amino acids will not be bound together until the ribosome reads a mRNA sequeunce that indicates an open reading frame is present. An open reading frame is the sequence of mRNA that is translated into protein sequence.  So once an open readin frame is indicated to be present the ribosome moves down the mRNA until it reaches the start codon.  Protein synthesis begins at hte start codon.  At the start codon the tRNA specifying methionine is present.  Methionine will be the first amino acid in any protein because the methionine codon is also the start codon.  So the methionine tRNA will move into the A site.  At this site the ribosome will ensure that the correct tRNA is bound to mRNA.  If the correct tRNA is bound then the ribosome A site moves onto the next codon and the tRNA just found to be correct will move into the P-site, in this case the methionine tRNA will move into the P-site.  The tRNA that just moved into the A-site will now be checked to see if it is the correct tRNA.  When the tRNA is found to be correct then the amino acid on the tRNA in the p-site will form a peptide bond with the amino acid on the tRNA from the a-site. The amino acid chain is connected to the tRNA in the a-site as the amino acid that was connected to the p-site tRNA becomes disconnected as it forms a peptide bond with the a-site tRNA's amino acid. Then the ribosome moves down the mRNA again.  The tRNA from the p-site moves to the e-site and it is allowed to exit the ribosome.  The p-site and a-site perform the same function as before and the peptide chain will get longer until the ribosome reaches a stop codon.  Once the ribosome reaches a stop codon the peptide chain will no longer increase in size.  The ribosome will then move until it finds another start codon or until the mRNA sequence indicates that it should dissociate.
40328
Proteins, including enzymes.
622581
All proteins start being manufactured by ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell. Sodium-potassium pump proteins will probably need to be slightly chemically modified before they are inserted into the plasma membrane, so they will contain a 15-30 amino acid long sequence at their N-terminus (in the middle of which will be a region of around 10 hydrophobic amino acids) which will target them for the endoplasmic reticulum. \n\nOnce these first signal sequence amino acids have been joined together by the ribosome, a protein called a signal recognition particle (SRP) binds to the recognition sequence on the half-synthesised protein. The SRP often halts protein synthesis. Once this has happened, the SRP-protein-ribosome complex docks onto an SRP-receptor (which also contains a ribosome receptor). The SRP then detaches from the protein, and so protein synthesis can resume. The ribosome receptor now acts as a translocation tunnel, allowing the extending protein to transverse the ER membrane. In the case of the sodium-potassium pump protein, the finished protein will emerge into the ER lumen and the pore of the tunnel will close. \n\nThe protein will leave the ER in a transport vesicle which bud off from the specialised ribosome-free regions of the ER situated adjacent to the Golga apparatus. From here they are delivered to the cis face of the Golgi and pass through the Golgi cisternae by repeated cycles of vesicle budding and fusion. \n\nFinally the protein will bud off from the trans cisternae in the golgi body and get directed to the plasma membrane, where it will get recognised and threaded through, forming a channel.\n\nIn summary: The protein is made by a ribosome, translocated to the ER, buds off in a vesicle to the golgi, and moved to the membrane.
736186
Facilitated diffusion (or transport) is the diffusion across a membrane which is aided by a membrane protein usually by a channel or pore this allows molecules that cannot pass through the lipid bilayer to enter the cell. The process still occurs down a concentration gradient, like normal diffusion and it requires no energy unlike active transport. For more information you could try looking up passive transport.\n\nI hope this helps
273088
The process is called as Translation \n\nTranslation takes place on the ribosome which are attached to the mRNA (messenger RNS). \n\nIt is essential for the production of proteins which are the main building blocks of the body and also for the production of enzymes (also proteins) for various metabolic activithes .It is also required for the synthesis of all cell organells.
516806
I can't tell if you are asking about tranport across the plasma membrane or mitochondrial membrane.  Both lactate and pyruvate transport out of the cell (through the plasma membrane) is increased in acidic conditions.
5034
Oxygen (as O2) enters the lungs and diffuses through the thin layer of epithelial cells into the blood stream, where it binds one of four sites on hemoglobin.  The hemoglobin carries the oxygen to the heart, where it is then pumped out to the tissues of the body.  Tissues uptake oxgen as needed, and give CO2 in return to the blood stream.  The CO2 is then carried back to the lungs, where more oxygen is taken up.\n\nOxygen serves as an oxidizer, while fuels (such as sugar and fats) serve as reducers.  The oxygen acts in what are called "Oxidation/reduction" reactions (aka Redox--defined by a transfer of electrons) which release an excess of energy.  That energy is used to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which acts as the energy carrying molecule of choice by the body.  The systems used to make ATP are primarily glycolysis and the electron transport chain.
873448
> *How are the codes for proteins carried from the nucleus to the ribosomes?\nmRNA, messenger RNA, is transcribed from the "template" strand of DNA for that particular gene.  The mRNA may leave the nucleus and enter the cytoplasm, where it will encounter a ribosome.\n\n> A single strand of DNA has the bases AGTAAC. Using letters, show a matching DNA strand from this pattern.\nTCATTG\n\n> *How is tRNA used when cells build proteins?\ntRNA is a sequence of three nucelotides bound to the corresponding amino acid.  The ribosomes "read" the mRNA, match it, in reading frame, with the corresponding tRNA, and add the amino acid to the growing polypeptide.\n\n> *You begin as one cell. Compare the DNA in one of your brain cells to the DNA in one of your heart cells\nGenerally speaking, the nuclear DNA in your heart cell will be the same as the nuclear DNA in your brain cell.
947021
H+ ions are pumped into the intermembrane space in the mitochondria to set up a concentration gradient - they will leak down through ATPase (the transfer of 3 H+ allows the formation of one ATP molecule from ADP and Pi).  The process is called chemiosmosis.\n\nThe hydrogen ions come from reduced FAD and reduced NAD, produced in the Krebs cycle.  Losing the hydrogen means that they can return to accept more hydrogen inthe Krebs cycle, and the entire thing starts again.  Try http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/studies/mitochondria/mitoverview.html
840235
Mitochondria and cytosol\nIn cellular respiration
944110
channel proteins, also called transport protiens\n\nBy the way, tRNA transports amino acids to ribosomes for protein synthesis, and is not protein  but RNA
533126
mitochondria is a power house because thats where all energy comes from. Sugars and oxygen goes into the cell, into the mitochondria, and the mitochondria burns the sugar using oxygen and, this is the process of making ATP, the energy that cells can use to do work. ull find a lot of mitochondria in muscles and the liver.
748153
in cellular respiration, hydrogen ions build up in the intremembrane space of the mitochondria
640413
A transit peptide is a stretch of amino acids on the amino-terminal portion of a protein. that targets the protein to a specific organelle-It could code for entry to a choloroplast, mitochondria, or nucleus.
452841
Yes, it is C, pardner.\n\nHelps cell to continually turn over intracellular proteins before they get too old or nonfunctional. Breaks them up into lttle pieces. On the macro level, keeps you looking like yourself instead of slowly fading away.\n\n"Lysosomes contain various hydrolytic enzymes that are capable of digesting nucleic acids, polysaccharides, fats and proteins. The inside of a lysosome is acidic."\nhttp://biology.about.com/library/weekly/...\n\n2004 Nobel Prize:\n"Proteasomes are complex structures inside cells that break down proteins. Ubiquitin proteasome system is a barrel-shaped multi-protein complex that can specifically digest other proteins into short polypeptides and amiino acids in an ATP-driven reaction."\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/proteasome...\n\n\nHere is a good site for checking out things in this subject area. It is a wonderful biology site.\n\nhttp://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultrane...\n\nThe Golgi apparatus functions in transporting materials out of the cell. \n\nDon't forget to pull up the urls and read more.
1004227
Adenosine Triphosphate, or ATP as it is commonly known, is the cells currency for providing energy. ATP is made in the mitochondria via respiration (more precisely oxidative phosphorylation). This process involves the addition of a phosphate group to a pre-existing adenosine diphosphate group. The ATP is then transported out of the mitochondria and transported around the cell to where reactions occur that require energy input.At these sites ATP is hydrolysed (water added) to form ADP (ATP +  H20 = ADP + P + Energy). The energy is provided in the form of heat energy which is usually used in catabolic reactions to break bonds.