How has architecture progressed across civilizations?
963723
Architecture has progressed alot. Before, we used to live in houses that fell down easily everything used to be made out of stuff that would fall down from a small hurricane....and we have buildings that are super tall yet can stand up from a hurricane and can now withstand fire (special ceramics for that) electricity too, helped make this come true.
127711
The Tigris and the Euaphrates (check spelling), the area between these two rivers is where civilization is thought to begin.\n Some even say that this was the Garden of Eden.
827707
All the evidence points to a former global technoculture that once thrived upon the Earth as the original builders of the Great Pyramid and the pyramid complex of Giza.  This former civilization predates the Ancient Egyptians.  The Bible Code identifies Joseph of Genesis as the Chief Builder of the pyramids of Egypt.  Our linear and evolutionary history is inaccurate.  Even Plato stated that there have been several "Earth Ages" predating our current Earth Age, and that there were former civilizations in the world whose advance technology far surpassed the height of the Classic Greek culture.  In the temple of Karnak on an upper column are hieroglyphic images depicting aircraft and industrial-type helicopters moving massive stones.  The myth of the destruction of the "fable" Atlantis is actually a record of the cosmo-cataclysmic destruction of a former global technoculture.  Our Solar System is interlocked with the Sirius Binary System, the other half of our system.  The two were formerly united, but split in half when our paternal star, Sirius B, exploded into a Nebula Discontinuity Event, creating the celestial dynamics that split our original Osirian Trinary Stellar System in half.  The two systems interpenetrate through each other in an extinction level transversion, the Sirian-Solar Reconvergence, a 12,000-year recurrent and cyclic event.  It is this event that destroys each global technoculture when they are at their zenith of technological sophistication, catapulting the few catastrophic survivors back into a State of Neobarbarism to begin the slow and incremental process of re-civilization all over again.  Additionally, Plato stated that the Great Pyramid was constructed to determine the arrival of Sirius (the Sirian-Solar Reconvergence).  It is a “stone calculator” along with the Great Sphinx (the same goes for Stonehenge), aligned to the three stars in Orion’s Belt that represent the three stars that once formed our trinary system, the Sirian Trichotomy, Sirius B (Osiris), Sirius A (Isis) and Sirius C (our Sun, Sol).  Simultaneously, the three pyramids are symbolic of the three Orion stars, and are also synonymous with the Sirian Trichotomy.  The Sphinx is aligned to the Constellation Orion, which ascends to its zenith in 6,000 years, and descends to the horizon in another 6,000 years.  When Orion is at its zenith maximum, then the Sirian-Solar Convergence and the subsequent destruction of the Earth and the annihilation of our current civilization will ensue.  This will occur in about 15 years.
215895
Probably the age of ancient empires, though you should mention to your teacher that an archaeologist told you that none of those answers are very correct.
946394
square and triangle areas introduces by archemides beside circle\nall other shapes areas and volumes came as a resul fo calclus which invented by sir issac newton\nin 800-1500 muslims contributed a lotin circular geometry and arc lengths so they build mosqe with alot of arcs and domes in it \nwhat i wrote abouve is to my kowlege and ont enough for ur project so this site may help \nhttp://www.free-ed.net/free-ed/Math/default.asp
173909
The Peruvian Andes are stunning: folds of steep mountains draped in tropical foliage and dotted with surprisingly intact remains of the Inca world. I was on the Inca Trail, an ancient footpath, a necklace studded with jewels known as “the Hanging Cities.” It culminates with the most famous, if not the most precious, of these cities, Machu Picchu. Each ruin, or marca, is unique—the siting, the apparent function, the formal and spatial organization—yet they are all of the same family, held together by common architectural language, materials, and craft. And each is absolutely extraordinary. Hobbling along the trail, I pondered the parade of visual wonders. Everyone knows the Incas were expert stonemasons; the revelation is that they were such masterful designers. There is much to learn here.\n\nThe Incas were the Romans of South America. Their orderly empire extended from Ecuador to Chile, from the Andes to the Pacific, over mountains and forests and desert. In this vast area they assimilated a collection of disparate cultures. As lands were absorbed into the domain, architects and engineers were dispatched to unify the empire with roads and water, urbanism and architecture. The significant work was completed in an unbelievably short time, about 80 years. In 1532, Pizarro swiftly conquered, razing much of the Incan architecture. However, the Inca Trail and Machu Picchu were unknown to the Spanish and thus were virtually untouched when discovered early this century.\n\n\n\n\n\nThis journey is a pilgrimage for an architect. For me it was dreamy: breathtaking vistas, terraces, and public rooms carved into the landscape, buildings perched and nested in impossible places, sculptural stonework. Often, most memorably at Machu Picchu, clouds danced about teasingly, veiling the whole yet revealing glimpses of details. And so I saw a way to frame my thoughts. By focusing on the pieces, the architectural principles, I would analyze and describe the power of this place.\n\nSketchbook in hand, I looked for the elements of composition we teach beginning architecture students: line, point, solid and void, rhythm, symmetry and asymmetry, repetition, hierarchy, transition. I found the Incas applied these design basics in the development of a simple formal language and a set of patterns or rules. From there, they deferred to the particularities of the topography, taking every advantage of aesthetic and ritualistic opportunities. In form and in space, the built environment poetically merged with the landscape. Perhaps most significantly, they systematically applied the basic elements of design and language in the creation of complex urban interventions. Suddenly the essence of the whole, so mystifying at first, became coherent through the understanding of elemental ideas.\n\n\n\n\n"Machu Picchu not only epitomizes the piercing excitement of architectural experience, but also in the interaction of man and his environment provides a fleeting glimpse of some elemental reality."
427221
At around half the height of the Eiffel Tower, the Great Pyramid in Egypt was the world’s tallest building for over 4,000 years. An engineering feat of magnificent scale and astonishing precision, its four triangular sides rise at an angle of 51.5 degrees. By each side of the pyramid meets at the apex – 146.5m above its perfectly level base – they deviate by just half a metre.\n\n An amazing 2.3 million blocks, weighing between two and 70 tons, were all hand-carved to create the structure.
660986
The differences were many, but the similarities are common too. The romans discovered concrete and mortor. Ancient roman homes were made of concrete, stone and mortor with wooden beams to support a roof of clay pottery like shingles. The homes were comfortable but also served as a defensive area against criminals and intruders. The homes were double level to afford tall outside walls difficult to scale. The windows open to the outside were few, The doorways were strong stone arcways proven to carry heavy load from above. From the inside the center is an open plaza with fountains and greenery and lavash structural designs of form to pleasure the eyes from all perspecives. Open and covered hallways and stairs gave access to the living quarters in predominantly fair weather and protection from storms and windy maritime afternoons.\nThe walls were white and clean and the tile floors are generously decorated with masterpiece mozaics. Statuetts of intimate family scenes scantilly dressed in linens, curved forms in contrast to the flat walls. The open channels  provided sound of running water flowing from the aqueduct which rivals our water delivery systems today. The common bath house had a heated shallow pool the size of four hot tubs. Family portraits are etched into the walls as permanent gifts to loved ones. Beauty and sensuality grace every turn of the living space, by sight, sound, and aroma.\n\nNeed I describe modern buildings: concrete foundation, heating and cooling systems, artificial lights, electronics, computers, televisions, stereos, closets, sheetrock, plumbing, tight spaces, carpets, rectangles, 90 degree corners inside and out, tar and composite roof, plastic and nylon incidentals , polyester, all materials most unnatural, except for the wood frames.\n\nThere you have it.
78719
No.  All civilization has the mean to change and resurrect itself.  The openness of the Western Civilization helps it to reinvent itself when needed.
727669
Where and when did human civilization begin? The origin of human civilization is a great mystery presently clouded by the myths of historians. A date is half-heartedly pointed to, 8000 BC, referring to Sumeria, which is only ten thousand years ago. Actually, our modern historians are like the chickadees, which live only for one day and cannot journey outside of that narrow framework. Putting a ten thousand-year cap on human civilization is cramping an ancient, far-reaching heritage into a little box. All human civilization has come from a universal source, whose pre-eminence antedates Sumeria by tens of thousands of years. Like a puzzle, the ancient records and traditions of the offspring cultures can piece this remarkable civilization's illustrious origins, growth, and decay together. Secondly, the cutting edge of archaeological research is proving beyond the shadow of a doubt the existence of the original source of all human civilization. With all of this evidence resurfacing from the depths of time, human history is about to be rewritten.
1036493
architecture: The art and science of designing and erecting buildings. \nBuildings and other large structures: the low, brick-and-adobe architecture of the Southwest. \nA style and method of design and construction: Byzantine architecture. \nOrderly arrangement of parts; structure: the architecture of the federal bureaucracy; the architecture of a novel. \nComputer Science The overall design or structure of a computer system, including the hardware and the software required to run it, especially the internal structure of the microprocessor.
717466
The art and science of designing and erecting buildings.
1058021
The Greeks prefered to use marble and limestone in their buildings. Cement is one of the three components of concrete, along with water and an aggregate. Concrete was not to become a popular or successful building material until the Romans employed it in nearly everything they built. \n\nThe Greeks had a passion for proportions. Every building or sculpture was designed with a set of rules governing how the pieces should be sized in relation to each other. This makes their buildings attratctive, if a little formal.\n\nThe principle element of Greek architecture is the column. Columns developed through the ages, and eventually evolved into three main types. Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. These are listed in order of increasing complexity and ornamentation. Columns often have grooves in the shaft called flutings. Columns sit on a base, and terminate in a capital. Columns were often connected by a large triangular section called a pediment. Pediments were often filled with sculpture depicting mythical events. Other parts of the building were decorated with friezes, triglyphs and metopes, and many other features. Every part of a Greek building has a name, and it would take the next four days to list and explain them all. This very short list should be enough for your question.
28919
Few answers to this really, for some people its ahrd to belive that a civilization of 4000 years ago could build something we would have a hell of a hard time building so precisely and also so durable today. I also belive that some people will never belive that anyone in an "uncivilized" area like Africa could build a monument that makes anything that we know about, before it or after pale in comparison, excepting maybe the Great Wall
135414
Earth ?\n\nPlease look over the following site,\none of the best sites about 'earthen buildings'\n\nhttp://www.earth-auroville.com/
466354
It's a pattern that shows how something has evolved over many thousands of years, or even millions.
1104507
The list comprises the seven most impressive monuments of the Ancient World, some of which barely survived to the Middle Ages.  For their builders, the Seven Wonders were a celebration of religion, mythology, art, power, and science. For us, they reflect the ability of humans to change the surrounding landscape by building massive yet beautiful structures, one of which stood the test of time to this very day. \n\n\nThe Great Pyramid of Giza \nThe Hanging Gardens of Babylon \nThe Statue of Zeus at Olympia \nThe Temple of Artemis at Ephesus \nThe Mausoleum at Halicarnassus \nThe Colossus of Rhodes \nThe Lighthouse of Alexandria