What is an alpha hydroxy ketone?
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Benzoin is a highly toxic crystalline substance with formula of  C6H5CH(OH)COC6H5, alpha-hydroxy aromatic ketone. It is a white to yellowish crystals; slightly soluble in water, soluble in acetone; melting at 137 C. It is  prepared by the condensation of benzaldehyde in an alkaline cyanide solution. Benzoin and its derivatives are used as intermedaites for the synthesis of organic compounds and as catalysts in photopolymerization. They are used for anticratering in powder coatings.
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I don know exactly what you are looking for, but these two will help you on the way:\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketone\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester
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take a carboxylic acid and couple under normal conditions with an O-alkylated/acylated hydroxylamine.\n\nBy normal conditions, I mean normal peptide coupling conditions usined EDC, DIC/HOBt, CDI, PyBOP, PyBrOP, TBTU etc etc etc
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Specifically: water, pyridine, squalene, urea, acetic acid, lactic acid, complex alcohols and glycols, ketones, and aldehydes.
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Well, an aldehyde can react with a ketone under either mildly acidic or alkaline conditions to form an aldol (or beta-hydroxy aldehyde), in a process called an "Aldol condensation".
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If one was to look at the chemical structure of the testosterone, one can see an alchol group and a ketone group.
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I won't answer this completely, because it looks very much like homework. \n\nI will say that an Aldehyde and a Ketone will yeild different degree alcohols. Reactions that yeild an primary alcohol from an Aldehyde would yeild a secondary alcohol from a ketone. Reactions that yeild an secondary alcohol from an Aldehyde would yeild a tertiary  alcohol from a ketone.
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Methyl ketones do. There is also the possibility of the dreaded false positive.
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acetol?\n\nany of various compounds characterized by the grouping C(OR)2 and obtained especially by heating aldehydes or ketones with alcohols
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NaBH4 functions as BH4-, which donates a hydride (a hydrogen with a negative charge) to the aldehyde or ketone that you're working with. The product is a sodium salt/alkoxide. Water or HCl (acid) will protonate the alkoxide to generate the alcohol that you need. \n\nThe gas formed was probably hydrogen, from when the HCl reacted with the Sodium borohydride.
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Levodopa is an aromatic amino acid - l-dihydroxy phenylalanine. So, you are right on track.  It is designated chemically as\n(—)-L-α-amino-β-(3,4-dihydroxybenzene) propanoic acid.\n\nI hope that your research is going well.  Let me know if there is anything interesting that you explore or learn.\n\nmnilsen@myparkinsonsinfo.com\nhttp://www.myparkinsonsinfo.com
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Go see a doctor. It could be some serious conditions that may result in damage to your body. Don't take a chance. Below are the two most likely. Take care of yourself.\n\n\n\nDiabetic Ketoacidosis signs may refer to those signs only noticable by a doctor: \n\nNausea \nVomiting \nBreath odor \nSweet-smelling fruity acetone breath \nBreathing difficulty \nRapid Pulse \nRapid breathing \nAbdominal pain - usually in children \nDrowsiness \nConfusion \nComa \n\n\n\nKetoacidosis is a type of metabolic acidosis which is caused by high concentrations of keto acids, formed by the deamination of amino acids. This is most common in untreated type 1 diabetes mellitus, when the liver breaks down fat and proteins in response to a perceived need for respiratory substrate. Ketoacidosis should not be confused with ketosis, which is one of the body's normal processes for the metabolism of body fat. In ketoacidosis, the accumulation of keto acids is so severe that the pH of the blood is thrown off.\n\nIn diabetic patients, ketoacidosis is usually accompanied by dehydration, hyperglycemia, and insulin deficiency. Since insulin is required to utilize glucose, lack of insulin means the body cannot utilize glucose and causes an energy crisis and the body goes to extremes to produce more glucose and also provide ketone bodies for energy. Glucose accumulates to the point that the kidney must use water to spill it into the urine, losing that water and causing dehydration in the process. The dehydration exacerbates the acidosis in a vicious cycle.\n\nAlcoholic ketoacidosis is also an energy crisis but of different origin. Because alcohol causes dehydration and blocks the first step of gluconeogenesis, the body is unable to synthesize enough glucose to meet its needs, thus the energy crisis begins.\n\nThe acidity results from the dissociation of the H+ ion at physiological pH of metabolic ketone bodies such as acetoacetate, and β-hydroxybutyrate, produced from ketogenesis and its concentration is increased by dehydration.\n\nSome diets (such as the Atkins diet) are reported to induce a mild-to-moderate state of ketosis, but this does not result in ketoacidosis if the dieter drinks an appropriate amount of water. Any diet which burns fat molecules at a significant rate results in an increased production of ketone bodies.\n\nGenerally, ketosis is well-regulated by the milieu of hormones governing the fasting and fed states, predominantly glucagon and insulin, and dieting (in an otherwise healthy person) is too mild to lead to acidosis. Before the recent abundant and sedentary lifestyles, it was probably normal for most humans to spend some of each year in ketosis, due to seasonal or temporary carbohydrate and/or calorie shortages. Unlike ketoacidosis, for most of human history, ketosis has been a normal condition and an essential capability.\n\nKetoacidosis occurs in two very different situations-- in type 1 diabetes (diabetic ketoacidosis) and in alcohol withdrawal (alcoholic ketoacidosis). The ultimate reason for ketoacidosis in both cases is the same: the cell does not have enough glucose (in the case of diabetes because lack of insulin prevents the cell from taking up glucose, in the case of starvation because there is less glucose around), so it begins metabolizing fat molecules instead of simple sugars. As a result of this metabolic change, acetyl-CoA is mainly produced from the breakdown of fatty acids and fed into the citric acid cycle. The intermediates of the citric acid cycle are used for other anabolic purposes as well and have to be replenished. Normally, this is done by converting pyruvate into oxaloacetate or L-malate (the so-called anaplerotic pathways). But pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, the breakdown of glucose, and glucose levels are lower in the cases we consider. This means that the citric acid cycle intermediates cannot be replenished, the cycle slows down, acetyl-CoA accumulates and ketogenesis becomes more impor
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methanoic acid is included, having only one carbon and formula HCOOH. Ethanoic acid or acetic acid is the next with two carbons and formula CH3COOH. Propanoic, butanoic, pentanoic, hexanoic, heptanoic...
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decaropxylation is the removal of A CARBONYL GROUP AS CO2.\nOCCURS IN 2 STAGES,\nCH3COOH+NAOH-->CH3COONA+H2O\nCH3COONA+NAOH--->NA2CO3+CH4
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4-hydroxy groups when present relative to a carbonyl carbon or any other hydroxy groups form hemiacetals, cyclic esters or cyclic ethers.\n\nEg., ribose sugar
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Are you Diabetic? Have you had a recent "Dipstick Urinalysis"? If so, than Diabetics often demonstrate elevated urinary Ketone levels prior to an elevation in serum levels. You can also have false-positive results in dehydration or in the presence of levodopa metabolites, mesna (sodium mercaptoethanesulfonate), and other sulfhydryl-containing compounds.  Why don't you consult your doctor and get the complete formula or visit the Medical library reference section.
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R-O-R is the general form for an ether.\n    \n\n....O\n....ll\nR-C-R is the general form for a ketone.\n\n....O\n....ll\nR-C-H  is the general form for an aldehyde.\n\nHope this helps.