Those chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual are known as __________________.?
920293
gonosomes.    which are the sex chromosomes ! Hope this is it !! :o)
912119
The last two chromosomes decide sex.  Chromosomes carry DNA and decide in essense who we are when we start out life.  the lst chromosomes are special, they decide gender.  The egg will always carry an X.  The sperm can carry an X or a Y.  When it is XY then the baby will be male, XX is a female.  \n\nBut gender is not decided by the chromosomes in the same way that we do not simply see with our eyes.  Many sections of the brain are devoted to seeing, some people can see and now know what they see, some lack emotion responses to vision, and the like.  We are beginning to understand that what the chromosomes say do not totally influence gender.  Part of the mind decides what gender we feel, and despite what some feminists say about equality there are differences in the brains of males and females.  Horomones can have an affect on the developement in the womb as well.\n\nAnd yes it is true.  We are all females by default.  Since animals start off this way, I do wonder about Hyenas.  Er... yeah, if you know about the species than that weird comment makes sense...
193025
kinda throws a kink in the debate about homosexuality hermaphrodites can be either male or female only a genetic test at the beginning of their life can tell as they get older and go through puberty their true sex becomes evident
412260
Dr.Hargobind Khurana,Nobel laureate, who cracked the genetic code.If you mean gender,Its  due to 'x' and 'y' chromosome.Female of species possess xx chromosome,whereas male part possess a 'x' and a 'y' chromosome.There are two chance that can occur during fertilization between male and female gametes, XX and XY.So father part of 'x' and 'y' play a vital role in determining sex of offspring.
317556
Flower\nIf both sexes are in the same flower (and plant) then it is a HERMAPHRODITE\nIf not, then they will be female and male plants (of the same species)
1154323
First off, the effects of the X and Y genes aren't "averaged out" but rather regulated.  A female does have two X chromosomes, but the genes on those chromosomes are being regulated by protein production which is regulated by hormones.  Basically what is happening is that the female cell is recognizing that there are two copies of a certain gene (like one on the X chromosome) and it down regulates this gene, essentially terminating its transcription.  A "normal" male however, only has one X chromosome and therefor the genes on this chromosome must be upreguated to produce enough gene product.  Earlier I said "normal" male meaning one with XY genotype, this is because you can have other genotypes such as XYY.  The sex of an individual on the genomic level is determined by the RATIO of sex chromosomes to autosomes, not neccesarily the number of chromosomes.  \nFurthermore, a males body is built with larger thicker bones that allow for more muscle mass.  The physiological composition of a female just doesn't allow for the gain of that much muscle.  For example you can use a toothpick to pick up a cocktail weenie, the same toothpick would surely break if you tried picking up a steak... It's just too much mass for the small structure.  \nHope this helps!
230124
Humans have 23 unique chromosomes (called the haploid number) Each one of the chromosome is different from the all the others (unique). \nHowever we have two copies of each type of chromosome hence making 2x23=46 chromosomes called the diploid number).\nHomologous chromosome or homologs as you refer to them are the pair of chromosomes which are of the same type, and in normal humans there are always TWO of each type. Therefore the number of homologs or pairs of same chromosomes is the same as the haploid number of chromosomes i.e. 23 in normal human beings.\nAn autosome is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome (i.e. neither a Y nor an X chromosome)
124945
It depends on the technique employed and the species involved.\n\nIf u carry out chromosome analysis, it's from right after fertilization.\n\nFor human, sexual differentiation occours ~6 weeks after fertilization.
931359
Still studying the genetic link to angelman's syndrome.  From the research I have done, and who knows how much information on the internet is correct but I believe it is a sex-linked gene.
92735
the presence (or absence) of a "y" sex chromosome.  If the "y" chromosome is present, male genetals develop.  Otherwise (two "x" chromosomes), the genetals will develop as female.  The sperm (male sex cell) has the "x" and the "y" possibilities.  (each only gets one).  The female sex cell (egg) only has the possibility of an "x" chromosome for the sex.  There is a possibility that an egg can form incorrectly and have two "x" chromosomes.  If the sperm for this type of egg is a "y" sperm, it will still develop as male.
169848
"The term "hermaphrodite" has historically been used to describe people with ambiguous genitalia or biological sex. The broader term intersexual is often used and is preferred by many such individuals and medical professionals. The term is still used by the pornography industry, though often as a synonym for transsexual, as true human intersexuals are rare."\n\nIntrasexuality is not necessarily chimerism and chimerism is not necessarily intarsexuality or hermaphroditism\n\n"Tetragametic chimerism is a less common cause of congenital chimerism. It occurs through the fertilization of two ova by two spermatozoa, followed by the fusion of the zygotes and the development of an organism with intermingled cell lines. This happens at a very early stage of development, such as that of the blastocyst. Such an organism is called a tetragametic chimera as it is formed from four gametes — two eggs and two sperm.\n\nAs the organism develops, the resulting chimera can come to possess organs that have different sets of chromosomes. For example, the chimera may have a liver composed of cells with one set of chromosomes and have a kidney composed of cells with a second set of chromosomes. This has occurred in humans, though it is considered extremely rare."\n\n"Affected persons are identified by the finding of two populations of red cells or ambiguous genitalia and hermaphroditism alone or in combination; such persons sometimes also have patchy skin or eye pigmentation. If the blastocysts are of the same sex, it can only be detected through DNA testing, which itself is currently rare, and it may be more common than currently believed. If the blastocysts are of opposite sex, genitals of both sexes are formed, either ovary and testis, or combined ovotestes, in one rare form of intersexuality, a condition previously known as true hermaphroditism. As of 2003, there were about 40 human cases in the literature, according to New Scientist.\n\n\n\n\nAccording to the New England Journal of Medicine, vol 338, p 166, physicians in the Western General Hospital of Edinburgh have reported on a child with a penis, one testicle, and an ovary and fallopian tube instead of a second testicle. Some of this child's body cells are XY (male), and some are XX (female). The child was conceived as the result of in-vitro fertilization, and it appears most likely that two embryos, a male embryo and a female embryo, fused before or soon after embryos were transferred to the mother's uterus.\n\nThis kind of condition, where there is more than one set of cell lines with different sets of chromosomes making up the body is known as chimerism. This kind of tetraploid chimerism can also occur naturally, without in-vitro fertilization (see New England Journal of Medicine, vol 346, p 1545).\n\nNot all cases of Chimerism involve intersexuality, however. There have been about 40 known cases worldwide of humans reproducing naturally and producing offspring with absolutely no genetic similarities between mother and child. Discovery Health Channel has produced a documentary on two families and their issues in dealing with chimerism. It was called "I Am My Own Twin.""
168127
To tell you the truth, nobody really knows. The best explanation I've been able to find (and frankly it doesn't explain very much) is that nipples aren't a sex-linked characteristic. In other words, nipples are just one of those sexually neutral pieces of equipment, like arms or brains, that humans get regardless of sex. \n\nAs you may know, every human being gets a unique set of 23 pairs of chromosomes at conception. These fall into two categories. One pair of chromosomes determines sex--the XX combination means you become female, the XY combination means you become male. \n\nThe other 22 pairs, the non-sex chromosomes (they're called autosomes), supply what we might call the standard equipment that all humans get. These 22 pairs constitute an all-purpose genetic blueprint that in effect is programmed for either maleness or femaleness by the sex chromosomes. The programming is done by the hormones secreted by the sex glands.\n\n\nWebMD\nMales and females, though very different, have a great deal in common. In the earliest part of our embryonic development, we all start out much the same. Though the sex of an embryo is determined when sperm meets egg, the genital anatomy of males and females cannot be visually distinguished with the use of ultrasound until the 15th week of pregnancy. \n\n\nFrom the beginning, we all have the tissues that later develop into functioning parts, depending on whether we are genetically coded to be male or female. (The genetic coding that leads to people who have both male and female anatomical traits is much more complex than we'll get into here.) \n\n\nMales have nipples because they develop with the capacity to be female should their chromosomes dictate. Females call upon this capacity when they hit puberty and their breasts develop. Later, if they become pregnant, they call upon it again as milk is created in their breasts. Generally, males do not have a reason for the nipple to function, although, from time to time, adolescent and adult males develop a condition called gynecomastia, in which hormonal levels fool the breasts into beginning to develop. \n\n\nBut for the most part, nipples are on men's chests not for ornamentation, but because we all initially originate from the same kinds of tissues. Males just don't need their breast tissue to be a functioning part of their anatomy
731941
Since gender/sex is not dependent upon genetics, there is always a 50/50 chance or 50% probability that the child will be one sex. Use that to narrow down the eye color chances for those questions.
528965
Hermaphrodite is the correct name...This person is both male and female...it depends which sex/genda is more domineering as to what stands out.\n\nFor example:  A person looks female, but has a penis, but also has a uterus and ovaries for baby production.\nOr u can have a person that looks male but has a vagina.\n\nTo correct it depends on what the person wants there sex to be.  If they look female and want to be male they can have a hysterectomy where they remove all the uterus and leave them with a penis if they have them.\n\nIf it looks male then they do the opposite and can do the same surgery as above and make them female.
706287
Chromosomes are allotted numbers according to their sizes. So, chromosome 1 is largest and chromosome 22 is smallest. The 23rd pair of chromosomes i.e., X and Y are sex chromosomes and hence they're allotted different representations. However, X lies between 7th and 8th chromosome if arranged according to the size while Y is the smallest (smaller than the chromosome 22).
705722
In every cell of the human body there are 46 chromosomes: 44 somatic coding chromosomes (body coding) and 2 sex chromosomes.\n\nEach chromosome is part of a pair.  Each one of the pair codes for the same thing, though not necessarily the identical way (for example, one of the set may code for blue eyes, one may code for brown eyes). \n\nThe idea of homologous pairs is important during meiosis, when the chromosomes replicate, and find their homologous pairing, forming a tetrad (a structure with 4 chromatids from the joining of 2 replicated homologous chromosomes).\n\nHope this helps.
832734
A karyotype can tell two sorts of information to a genetic counselor about an unborn child. First, it can show the sex of the child (XX=girl, XY=boy). Secondly, it can tell the counselor if there are any chromosomal abnormalities with the unborn child. One more common abnormality seen is Down's Syndrome, which occurs from an extra # 13 chromosome. Turner's Syndrome is when there is only one X sex chromosome. Klienfelter's Syndrome occurs when a fetus inherits 2 X and 1 Y sex chromosome (XXY). Patau's Syndrome is an extra # 18 chromosome. These are the sorts of things a karyotype can tell a genetic counselor.\nGood luck with your assignment!