what are some concepts to the physics of the hydraulic car jack and the regular car jack?
926824
Mechanical jacks are classic levers (fulcrums).  You apply a lesser force through a longer distance on the input in order to achieve a greater force over a lesser distance on the output.\n\nHydraulic jacks are based on the property of non-compressibility of liquids and uniform pressure throughout a static liquid.  You apply a given force to a small area on the input (the pump) which transfers that pressure to a larger area (the piston) thus amplifying the force (but again, reducing the distance).
781624
Look at flexions at the point of supprt:\n1 is the support solid so its flexure can be ignored\n2 is the steel rod held by a grub screw. If it extends any distance to lock the rod then some rotation will occur due to it bending\n3 if held in a chuck check slippage.\n\nIn motor cars torque transmission is usually accomplished using splined shafts, but for small oscillations the backlish in these will be large.
89786
are we talking engine parts like block, cam, head, ect....if so try hear.  the second one goes more in depth
960455
1.  Aside from the fact that the superhero is, in the first place,  defying the laws of gravity there is one other major flaw in this scenario.  For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction.  The superhero has imparted momentum to the piano and yet we do not see the "opposite and equal reaction".   Perhaps you have seen the true, real life, effect in other movies you may have seen.  Movies in which cannon are being fired.  When the cannon fires it does what?  It recoils.  Armies and Navies for that matter take great pains to control the flight of the cannon upon recoil.  Our superhero seems to be immune to recoil, immune to the conservation of momentum and thereby immune to the laws of physics.  I call "Foul"!\n\n2.  If the truck is at rest when struck by the car, then the car loses KE while the truck gains KE.  If the truck is in motion when struck by the car, in an inelastic collision, meaning the car an truck become entangled and inseparable, then the truck most certainly loses the most KE.  KE= 1/2 * m* v^2.  Velocity (v) is the key here, velocity and it's relationship to momentum (p=m * v; p - momentum). \n\nIn an inelastic collision, conservation of energy is maintained but conservation of KE is not.  (Some of the kenetic energy will be converted to the energy of deformation, sound of the collision)  The Truck will retain most of it's velocity whlie the lower mass car will accelerate largely in what ever direction the truck was headed, most likely causing a net loss of absolute velocity and therefore a loss of kenetic energy for the car.  But the mass of the truck is much larger than the mass of the car.  So the answer to the original question actualy depends on the speed of the truck compared to the speed of the car before the collision.  Why?  Because the collision is inelastic.\n\n"Perfectly elastic collisions are those in which no kinetic energy is lost in the collision. Macroscopic collisions are generally inelastic and do not conserve kinetic energy, though of course the total energy is conserved. The extreme inelastic collision is one in which the colliding objects stick together after the collision, and this case may be analyzed in general terms"\n\n3.  Force and Pressure.   Pressure is simply force exerted over a specified area.  In a car crash, pressure is what kills us and in the case of the airbag, Counter-Force over a wider area is what saves us.  Pounds per square inch, Phyiscs calls that Pressure.  Pressue = Force / Area while Force = M * a^2.  We know that an object in motion tends to stay in motion.  And we know that the law of conservation of momentum guarentees the universe that what is in motion tends to stay in motion and what is at rest tends to stay at rest.  That being said, Force exerted over a given area is called Pressure.  During a collision, a human body has, prior to the collision, a velocity, a mass and therefore a momentum.  And that momentum drives that human being to "stay in motion" even after a collision occurs.  In order to decelerate the body, a force must be imparted.  Enter the airbag.  The airbag inflates.  As the body presses against the airbag, the airbag compresses.  As the air bag compresses and it's overall volume is reduced, the area over which the air pressure acts is less therefore the force / area is more causing a "push back" or Counter-Force affect on the body pressing into it.   Opposite and Equal.  As long as the airbag is strong enough to withstand the surge of pressure (force/area (pounds per sqaure inch)) then the human body will be protected by the absorption of energy that is required to deform the plastic membrane that is the "airbag".  The human frame will be allowed to more slowly decelerate from the collision.  That deceleration will be slow enough to allow the cells and musculature of the human body to maintain its functionality.
344556
JetDoc is correct in his answer.  \n\nYou should keep in mind that hydraulics uses liquids that are considered non-compressible, while pneumatics use gases which are compressible.  Hydraulics are generally used for applications that require higher pressures.  For example, hydraulics are used for elevators, bulldozer blade adjustments, and the brakes on your car.  \n\nPneumatics are more often seen in lower pressure applications such as actuators on valves and controllers.  (Although you also see pneumatic brake systems).  \n\nThe reason for the difference in applications is due to the difference in compressibility between the two media.
818860
I'm not going to give you the complete answer because you'll learn more by working through it yourself, but I'll give a few pointers.\n\nAny object travelling in a circle at a constant speed has a centripital acceleration that can be calculated from the velocity and the radius of the circle.\n\nNewton tells us that F[net] = ma, so the object must be experiencing a net centripetal force equal to its mass multiplied by its centripetal acceleration.\n\nWhere does this force come from?  In your problem, it sounds as though the only force that could be pulling the box toward the center of the circle (the centripetal force) is the friction between the box and the bed of the truck.  So, when you add up all the (horizontal) forces to get the net force, the olny one is going to be friction.  F[net] = F[friction] \n\nNow all you need to do set F[friction]  equal to the F[net] that you calculated above (remember that F[net] was equal to your centripetal force), and solve for the coefficient of friction (your textbook shold have the formula for static friction, which will include the coefficient of static friction).\n\nGood luck!
627120
a)\ncross-sectional of the small piston: A1 = 25 cm²\ncross-sectional of the large piston: A2 = 400 cm²\nMass on the small piston: m1 = ?\nMass on the large piston: m2 = 1200 kg\n\nby Pascal's Principle:\nF1/A1 = F2/A2\nm1*g/A1 = m2*g/A2\nm1 = m2*(A1/A2)\nm1 = 1200 kg (25 cm²/400 cm²) = 75 kg\n\n\nb)\nwhen a person enter into the car, the person on the small piston will be elevated a heigh h1 over initial level and the car is going down a lenght h2, and height difference in the fluid levels in the pistons is H = h1 + h2.\nMass on the small piston: m1 = 75 kg\nMass on the large piston: m2 = 1290 kg\n\npressure by 75 kg person + hydrostatic pressure by column of fluid = pressure by (90 kg person and 1200 kg car)\nm1*g*A1 + d*g*H = m2*g*A2\nH = (m2*A2 - m1*A1)/d\nH = {(1290 kg * 0.04 m²) - (75 kg * 0.0025 m²)}/(720 kg/m³)\nH = 0.0714 m = 7.14 cm\n\n\nc)\nvolume displaces is the same in both pistons:\nA1*h1 = A2*h2\nA1*(H - h2) = A2*h2\nA1*H = h2*(A1 + A2)\nh2 = H*{A1/(A1+A2)}\nh2 = 7.14 cm (25 cm²/425 cm²)\nh2 = 0.42 cm = 4.2 mm
521020
Mechanics of rigid bodies, deformable bodies and fluids\nthermodynamics, thermal engineering, heattransfer,automobiles and internal combustion engines.\ntheory of machines, vibrations, manufacturing sciences\ndesign concepts of machine members.\ncomputer and electronic applications to mechanical engg
226848
You have some very good answers here but I can add a little more.  Consider a pipe to be elastic (true!) but imagine that it is made of rubber.  Consider water to be nearly incompressible (a cubic inch of water at the bottom of the 7 mile deep Mariana trench still measures nearly a cubic inch).  Water can possess energy in two ways (neglecting heat); pressure energy or velocity energy and can easily convert back and forth.  When you extinguish velocity of a slug (or stream) of water you produce pressure and the pressure when relaxed can produce velocity.  This can go on and on until the energy is dissipated for example by friction.\n\nWhen a stream of water is flowing along an elastic pipe (think rubber) and you suddenly trip shut a guillotine valve (very fast acting) the velocity of the column of water is instantly extinguished and converted to pressure which starts as a shock wave stretching the rubber pipe toward the upstream end perhaps until it reaches the vessel supplying the water.  But the stream is then reversed as the rubber pipe relaxes squeezing out the water toward the vessel and continues until the rubber pipe is under a partial vacuum and shrinks.  In an ideal system (no friction), pressure waves would continue the travel back and forth along the pipe converting pressure to velocity and back to presure as the pipe expands and contracts under the changing pressure.  They call it water hammer because it actually can sound like someone hitting the pipe with a hammer.  Actually the pipe expands suddenly sending off a sound wave through the air.\n\nWater hammer can be avoided several ways.  For example if the pipe also contains air bubbles (accidently or on purpose) the bubbles will absorb any hydraulic shock wave preventing the elastic pipe from expanding and the bubbles re-expand slowly, slowing down the entire procedure.  The plumbing leading to many sinks in homes has a small "empty" vertical section near the sink to hold an air bubble which avoids a water hammer if the sink faucet is shut too fast.  It is sometimes necessary to drain the system with valves open to refill the air trap with air if it gets waterlogged.\n\nWater hammer can be avoided by shutting valves slowly rather than instantly.  Water hammer can occur in a pipe filled with steam because steam is easily compressed compared to an air bubble and a slug of water can be accelerated along a pipe by condensing steam until it "strikes" the end of the run and converts velocity to over-pressure.  I once got a frantic call at home (3 AM?) from a power plant under construction.  While testing a large pipe run for the first time under steam, the long say 12-inch pipe began to jump around threatening to break its pipe hangers and making a terrific racket.  Almost without waking up I told them to crack open any lowpoint valves or fittings to drain off all condensation and the pipe went back to sleep too.  In the finished plant there were automatic condensation drain valves to avoid water hammer which could damage the steam turbines too, etc.
710026
Hydraulic systems have two major advantages over pneumatic;\n1. Hydraulic systems can develop much higher pressures, thereby producing much higher forces in actuated components.\n2. The hydraulic fluids are incompressible (virtually).\n\nThe second advantage listed above has many byproducts of advantage on its own;\n1 Hydraulics give very smooth motion of actuated components, since there is no "bounce" due the the fluid compressing and expanding as in pneumatics.\n2. Hydraulics can easily stop motion in the middle of actuator movement, where pneumatics (without a lot of additional effort) only accurately position at the end stops of actuator movement.\n3. The speed of actuator movement can be more accurately controlled in pneumatics because of the smooth motion as described above.\n\nPneumatic systems are often used instead because pneumatic pressure is usually cheaper to obtain, especially since most industrial facilities already have compressed air available.\n\nSince many systems don't require extremelly high forces, and only need to make movements from one position to another, and dont need to stop in between, pneumatics is the easier and cheaper way to go.\n\nAlso, hydraulic systems are dirtier than pneumatic systems. There is a saying that I can personally attest to being true, that is that there are only two type of hydraulic systems, those that leak, and those that will eventually leak.\n\nWhen a hydraulic system leaks it is leaking hydraulic fluid, where as when pneumatics leak, it only leaks air, and the air can be kept very clean with proper equipment. This can be very important  in food and pharmaceutical facilities where cleanliness is important.\n\nI just looked up on line and read where the 777 has hydraulic control surfaces.
604852
Here are a couple of web sites that approach this in different ways. \n\nhttp://www.circletrack.com/techarticles/84199/\n\nhttp://www.diracdelta.co.uk/science/source/e/n/engine%20excitation%20mechanisms/source.html\n\nHope these help.
323464
Someone has used a gasifier and captive-piston engine to make a one-moving part alternating-current generator. The piston is magnetized and the coils are in the body of the cylinder. The trapped air in the cylinder at each end of the piston acts as an air shock to eliminate rebound and impact damage. No sensors needed. No make and break circuit. The voltage drops to zero at the end-points of travel of the piston. Search on this and you can probably find the same one I saw. I think this is where they got the idea for those new shake-up LED flashlights.
134934
If you cut a grapefruit in half at its equator and scoop out the flesh leaving the partitions, you would have something similar to a hudraulic transmisstion, but you would make it of steel, etc.  If you mount each half onto turning rods facing the halves together (as in the original grapefruit) and placed the combination within a chamber filled with hydraulic fluid, you could use your engine to rotate one half.  As you bring the other half closer and closer to the first, hydraulic friction increases and the second half begins to rotate, transmitting driving force to the wheels of the car.  If you brake the car, the two halves will merely slip and the tires will not move.  Of course you will need to shift gears to provide different speed ranges (low, drive, overdrive, reverse and park).  Although modern hydromatic transmissions are quite efficient they often still get less gass milage than manual transmissions because of slip (getting perhaps about 1 MPG less).
385368
CHk this out\n\nhttp://www.autohelm.com/raymarine/SubmittedFiles/Handbooks/Autopilots/cr_pump.pdf\n\nhttp://www.autohelm.com/raymarine/SubmittedFiles/Handbooks/Autopilots/hydraulic_linear_drive.pdf\n\nhttp://www.raymarine.com/raymarine/SubmittedFiles/Handbooks/Autopilots/hydraulic_pump.pdf\n\nhttp://www.rockbreaker.com/parts/PDFs/serv_docs/150-4056%20-%20Testing%20&%20Adjusting%20Pumps%20&%20Valves.pdf\n\nhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/hydraulic-crane1.htm\n\nhttp://www.elevatorcontrols.com/downloads/files/NordicInstBook.pdf\n\nmng.1432@gmail.com
620886
(m)\n\ngoto the following website for your question with neat diagrams\n\nhttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/HBASE/electric/gaulaw.html
926519
had a red button on my first car. It was a Golf and the red button wasn't wired to anything. It was a cool square big red button that I was told not to touch when I first got the car. No one knew what its purpose ever was, but when I drove I'd pretend I was hitting turbo whenever I hit the button!
368874
think pully or wrench. \nwhy do we use pully to lift things, we replace distance for force.\nbut the total work = force *distace is fixed.\nanother example when you use a pipe to make a wrench handel longer fo you can turn the screw. \nIt is technically torque but similar concept.