Digital Circuits: Two-input State Machines?
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If you can draw it like a circuit it should be a little easier to see.\nClick on this site and go through the 'prev page' and 'next pages' for samples of Boolean logic. \nhttp://computer.howstuffworks.com/boolean2.htm\nHope this helps.\nTry using the output as an input to keep track of state
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The clocked D-latch solves several of the problems of storing output from a combinational circuit, but not all of them. Particularly, if D changes while C is true, the new value of D will appear at the output. Generally this is not what is wanted. If the stored value can change state more than once during a single clock pulse, the result is a hazard that might introduce a glitch later in the circuit. We must design the circuit so that the state can change only once per clock cycle. This can be accomplished by connecting two latches together as shown in Figure 6. The left half of the circuit is the clocked D-latch from the previous section. The right half of the circuit is a clocked S-R latch; however, the clock signal for the output section is the input clock signal inverted. The output of this device can only change once per clock cycle. The change occurs shortly after the falling edge of the clock cycle.
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Sorry but the model TI-83 is an outdated tool, that was used by the Aertms generation, six centuries ago.  This model could only perform 2,000 logic calculations per second.  In this age that is pathetic.  I am sorry all knowledge that is more then 2 centuries old has been deleted from my memory banks.
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Yes, a double-pole switch opens and closes two wires of the same circuit, or two independent circuits.  I believe electro-fogey was thinking of double-throw switches.
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Computer Electrionics
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visit\nhttp://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_3/chpt_7/5.html
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and or and not are logical functions but moreover they are gates not switches. Microcontrollers are made of thousands of transistors (sometimes referred to as switches.) as they are configured to create logical units and buffers. \n\nHowever to correct the author of the question, it is not a matter of switch type (transistor, such as HMOS, CMOS, NMOS for example) But more than that, one kind of switch could you not use to create a "CPU" and the answer to that is it depends on how slow  or fast it has to be. We could create one made up of Bi-polar Transistors it would be huge and very hot in comparison , however it can be done and has been. How do you think we got them to size and speed they are today..
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booth%27s_algorithm\nBooth's multiplication algorithm will multiply two signed numbers in two's complement notation
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look at a few examples and it will make sense\n\nfor example \n\n02 (where the 2 is small)   -> _ O    (the _ is where a number goes)  (2)
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http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0430102-120529/unrestricted/gaubatz.pdf\n\nmentions a VHDL implementation and generation of test vectors using Maple V.
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Conductors and insulators are only building materials that provide the means for directing data from one point to another. The functionality of manipulating data comes from the special properties of semiconductors, which can be made to amplify a signal (i.e., a variation in voltage). \nWhen connected together, two very simple amplifiers (possibly as simple as one transistor each) can make a bistable circuit, one which always has one transistor conducting and the other cut off. These bistable circuits, called flipflops, can store one binary digit (bit) of information: one state, with transistor A on and B off, is considered "0" and the opposite state is "1". So a single flipflop can take the role of one bit of memory. A flipflop can be triggered to go from one state to another. When connected so one flipflop's change of state in one direction (say from 1 to 0) triggers a change (from 0 to 1 or from 1 to 0) in the next flipflop, you have the beginning of a binary counter. Similarly, flipflops in other connections can form arithmetic registers, in which two binary numbers can be compared, added, and otherise manipulated. Building on these simple forms, complex logical and arithmetic functions can be implemented.\nThe above only describes digital circuits. Semiconductor amplifiers are also used in analog and hybrid (part digital, part analog) microcircuits.
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A digital circuit is based on a small number of (usually\ntwo) distinct voltage levels -- consider these high and low\nor 0 and 1.  Contrast this with analog circuits which are\nbased on a continuously variable signal.\n\nThe typical digital circuit has (conceptually at least)\ntwo states, 0 and 1, and are designed using boolean \nalgebra (think AND, OR, NAND, NOT gates).\n\nContrast that with an analog circuit, which instead\nof interpretting "high" voltages as "1" and "low"\nvoltages as "0", interpret voltages (at least\nconceptually) as a floating point number.\n\nThe circuits have very different characteristics.\nAn analog signal often has some amount of signal\nloss (think of the "hiss" from old analog phonograph\nrecords), but they degrade gradually (ie. they\nslowly get more and more noisy, but can often\nstill operate even with significant signal loss).\nA digital circuit, however, will typically have\n*no* noise because they often have error correction\nbuilt in to handle up to some threshold of signal\nloss.  However, at some point, rather than degrading\ngradually, they just fail.  Consider the difference\nbetween the older-style cell phones (which would\nsometimes get a little "noisy") vs. current digital\nsignal cell phones which are usually crystal clear\nuntil they just "cut out".  That's a common signature\nof digital vs. analog processing.\n\nFor more discussion, see the wikipedia entries for\nboth "digital circuits" and "analog circuits".
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this might prove to be useful:\nhttp://islab.oregonstate.edu/koc/ece575/02Project/Mor/
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This site has a wealth of information. I often use it as a starting point when looking for a new type of circuit:\nhttp://www.discovercircuits.com/list.htm
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Full example and circuit diagram on http://www.padre.ca/house/multiplier_example_web.pdf
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Below you will find the specifications for the AES (Rijndael) and Three-DES algorithms.  \n\nAs for the writing of the programs themselves, I'm almost done with my CSE degree--sounds like your pain is just beginning :-D
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algorithms, data structures, computer organization