What exactly are Quarks made of?
917656
Honestly, we don't know.
474775
You would expect the sum of the rest masses of the quarks to be less than the mass of the proton or neutron.  A proton/neutron is a bound state of quarks made up of quarks and gluons.  With the gluons in there, you get more mass.  It has also been shown that the mass of a nucleus is greater than the mass of its constituent protons and neutrons.  This is because the "binding energy"  that is, the energy it takes to stick the nucleus together also adds to the mass of the nucleus.  \n\nSo, the quarks+gluons+binding energy=mass of proton/neutron\nYou can't really find out a velocity from that...
401330
Quarks are fundamental subatomic particles. Your and my school physics probably stopped at electrons protons and neutrons, but leptons and quarks are now widely regarded as "more fundamental" i.e. the building blocks out of which protons and electrons and neutrons (known collectively as hadrons) are built.\n\nAs you might expect if there is a top quark, there is a bottom quark, too. In fact there are six types of quark in all. With various properties ...\n\nEach quark is assigned a baryon number, B  =  1/3, and a vanishing lepton number L  =  0. They have fractional electric charge, Q, either Q  =  +2/3 or Q  =  −1/3. The former are called up-type quarks, the latter, down-type quarks. \n\nEach quark is assigned a weak isospin: Tz  =  +1/2 for an up-type quark and Tz  =  −1/2 for a down-type quark. Each doublet of weak isospin defines a generation of quarks. There are three generations, and hence six flavours of quarks — the up-type quark flavours are up, charm and top; the down-type quark flavours are down, strange, and bottom (each list is in the order of increasing mass).\n\nThe fractional electric charges are worth a comment.\n\nAs you know electrons have a charge of -1 and protons a charge of + 1. This means that electrons contain three quarks with Q = -1/3 and protons contain three quarks, two of them having Q = +2/3 and one of them having Q - -1/3. And neutrons (charge 0) contain 3 quarks, one of them having Q = +2/3, and two of them having Q = -1/3\n\nQuarks are not seen in isolation as separate entities, they are contained within (or "confined" to) the hadrons of which they are part.
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Any of a group of six elementary particles having electric charges of a magnitude one-third or two-thirds that of the electron, regarded as constituents of all hadrons.\n\n\nA soft creamy acid-cured cheese of central Europe made from whole milk.\n\n\nhypothetical truly fundamental particle in mesons and baryons; there are supposed to be six flavors of quarks (and their antiquarks), which come in pairs; each has an electric charge of +2/3 or -1/3 2: fresh unripened cheese of a smooth texture made from pasteurized milk, a starter, and rennet.
465055
A photon is a quark, yes-it isnt made of quark(s), it is a type of quark.
507428
The proton is made up of 3 quarks; 2 up, 1 down.
461329
no one knows what existing in the earliest fractions of a second (i.e. nano seconds) - but in the first millisecond or so all the matter in the universe was quarks and gluons - this quickly cooled and these particles combined to form HARDONS (the subatomic particles we know today - protons, neutrons, etc.), but they existed in a plasma (like lightening)  After about 380,000 years the hardons cooled enough to form neutral atoms
341412
There are some theories that suggest that quarks and leptons are composed of smaller "fundamental" particles known as Preons or Rishons (depending on the theory you read). The rishon theory nicely shows why electrons and quarks always have a charge that's a multiple of e/3 by having the same rishons or antirishons inside them.\n\nAlso they have a hypercolour property similar to the colour property of quarks that explains why the particles we see (leptons or confined quarks) always have an integer multiple of e charge.\n\nThese theories also have downsides too, such as Heisenbergs uncertainty principle stating that a particle that small must have a large amount of energy, which is more than the mass of an electron!
113847
These particles include atomic constituents such as electrons, protons, and neutrons (protons and neutrons are actually composite particles, made up of quarks), as well as other particles such as photons and neutrinos which are produced copiously in the sun. However, most of the particles that have been discovered and studied are not encountered under normal earth conditions; they are produced in cosmic rays and during scattering processes in particle accelerators.
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http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=en&q=quark+tutorial&btnG=Search&meta=
99964
So lets learn cell structure. We are made of cells. Cells form tissues and tissues form organs and organs form systems and systems make the organism so we are made from cells (Microbes.). Or if you want to be very specific and start from everything before atoms then We are made up of Gluon cells inside atoms.The structure of a cell is a cytoplasm or liquid bag in the center. Cell tissue inside most of it and and a nucleus inside the cytoplasm. I hope sincerely that this answers your question.
128928
Protons, neutrons and electrons.  Of course the first two are composed of something else, but that probably isn't what they are going for here.
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That is a very good question. We currently do not know definitively the answer to this question. Thousands of years ago, the Greeks believed that all matter were composed of some indivisble units called "atoms". This was irrefutably proven by Einstein at the turn of the 20th century (and he received a Nobel Prize for it). However, as we probe further, we discovered that even atoms has internal structure: protons, neutrons and electrons. For awhile we thought that was it, but then later we found that protons and neutrons were also made of more fundamental particles called quarks (now confirmed by experiements).\n\nSo is this it? Quarks is the final indivisible unit? It turns out that it is most likely not the case. The reason is not that we have discovered anything smaller than quarks. The reason is because our 2 current theories of the physical world, quantum mechanics and theory of general relativity, are not compatible with each other. What this means is that these 2 theories are not completely correct. They are good for most situations, but they can not explain objects like black holes or explain the big bang (the beginning of the universe). There are other things that these 2 theories can't explain, but I won't go into that right now.\n\nThese serious flaws has been the mother of all physics problems for the most of the 20th century. The Holy Grail of modern physics is to find a single theory that can combine the 2 theories together and explain all physical phenonmenons. So far we have one candidate: Superstring Theory.\n\nSo in our effort to solve this problem, we created String Theory, which tells us that quarks are not the fundamental building blocks of matter, but tiny filaments of vibrating energy called Strings. They are much much smaller than quarks. Quarks are estimated to be about to 10^-16 centimeters, but strings are around 10^-33 centimeters. So is this it? We really don't know for sure, but all the signs points to a yes (I won't explain why here because it's too long and it wasn't your question.).\n\nSo does this imply that matter/energy always existed? The answer is NO. because the universe is about 14 billion years old. That's how long anything has existed, including all the matter and energy.
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We dont know, but to the best of our knowledge, matter is composed of atoms composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.  Protons and neutrons are composed of hadrons which are composed of quarks (electrons are quarks).\n\nQuarks may be composed of strings, which are 1 dimensional particles, but we cant really say.  Thats our best theory.\n\nSome people believe strings are the absolute smallest things out there.  In fact, at the 'size' of strings, distance and size dosent really make sense, so if they exist they are proably as small as anything else.  That is not to say that they are not composed of more fundamental things, whatever they might be.  It is to say that size dosent make much sense beyond strings, so they can be called the smallest.\n\nEnjoy.
296566
By using particle collisions, it is possible to show that there is *something* inside of protons, for example. These 'somethings' have the properties that the theorists predict that quarks will have. Furthermore, the theoretical predictions made by the quark models (such as decay rates, reaction cross sections, etc) are in agreement with what is actually seen in the accelerators. This is why we say that quarks exist even though nobody has seen an isolated quark (and there are good theoretical reasons why we may never see one).\n\nOn the other hand, the strings in string theory are *incredibly* small, which means we need very high energies to probe them. No particle accelerator that we have right now will produce these energies. Also, the strings are what would describe the nature of the quarks, not show they don't exist. The question is whether they are point particles or extended to some (small!) degree.
1160697
Don't know who told you that "atoms only consist of energy", but in general, that's nonsense. Atoms consist of electrons and the nucleus (protons and neutrons, which again are made up from quarks), and these particles have a well defined rest mass. Einsteins theory of relativity is well proved and gives us the famous equation E=mc^2 for the energy equivalence of a rest mass, *which does not mean that energy and mass are the same*. It just means that you can transform energy and mass into each other and are equivalent in a certain (relativistic) way.\n\nSo if you want to make a fool out of yourself: Go ahead and try to disproof Einstein, like thousands of fools have tried before. If you're really interested in physics, go and get some good books about the basics, and you're welcome to come back with some more serious questions.
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An atom is made up of electrons, protons and neutrons\n\nProtons are made of two Up and one Down Quarks. The neutron is made of two Down and one Up Quarks.\n\nProtons have a diameter of about 1.5×10−15 m\nNeutrons have a radius of about 0.8 × 10−15 m\nElectrons have a radius of about 3x10^-15 m\n\nQuarks must be smaller than 10^-18 m. This determination is based on the highest energy collisions currently available