what is a charterer in international trade law?
925615
A party which charters a ship under a charter party agreement. A charter party is a contract, arranged usually by a shipbroker, between a shipper of goods, and the owner of a ship upon which the goods are to be carried. It is legally binding, internationally recognised and is perhaps one of the most important facilitators of trade and transport. The charter party sets out all the terms upon which the deal is to be done and the freight rate, which is effectively the price of the hire, which may be a sum per tonne shipped or a daily "rental" for the vessel. A fair deal, giving a reasonable rate and conditions to both shipper and shipowner, ought to be the consequence of a properly arranged fixture, using documents that have been carefully thought out to provide for this equity between the parties. \n\nThere are many different types of charter, perhaps the simplest being a voyage charter under which the ship provides transport for a specific cargo - such as wheat or coal - between a loading port and a discharge port at terms which specify a rate per tonne. The charter party will usually set out the dates for the ship's arrival at the loading port, estimated time for loading and discharge and for the voyage itself, the speed of the ship being known. And if there are variations because of heavy weather on the voyage, port congestion or berths not being available, or if the ship undertakes the operation faster than had been provided, then there are adjustments which will be provided for.\n\nA time charter is another common form of agreement, with the owner of the ship operating his ship as instructed by the charterer between certain agreed dates for an agreed daily or monthly rate. During this period, it will be the charterer who will pay for the running costs of the ship such as the fuel and insurance. An analogy would be a contract to hire a car.\n\nA more long term agreement is what is known as a "bareboat" charter where the owner of the ship effectively hands the operation of that vessel to a charterer, who will then operate the ship during the agreed period as if he owned it, like a shore side leasing agreement. The charterer will be responsible for the repairs and running costs, the crewing and insurance, and he may even paint the ship in his company's own colours.\n\nAnother type of charter is the contract of affreightment, which is a convenient way of operating for a charter who has a large quantity of cargo to move over time and involving many voyages. Under this agreement, the owner will agree to carry the cargo for an agreed price per tonne and usually specify to deliver a certain tonnage per month, or per voyage. "Industrial" cargoes such as coal or iron ore are often shipped under contracts of affreightment, with the owners agreeing to carry, say 100,000 tons per month, from South Africa to Rotterdam, but within these constraints, leaving the shipowners free to arrange their ships to fulfil this contract.\n\nCharter parties are an essential tool for sea trading and the avoidance of disputes between the two parties that are involved, and they can be tailored to virtually every kind of trade or ship-type.
984762
It is called customs. It is the customs agent's job to do it.
305215
You would probably need to talk to a lawyer that is certified or has experience with international law/cases. International cases are kind of complicated.
400386
Countries who trade and do business with each other is the Global Market.  Politics, war, weather, trends, laws and many other things can affect the global marketplace.  Another term is Globalization.  This is the process of transforming a business accross borders.
240235
Contact law firms that specialize in international law
35990
bill of entry\n\nA listing of goods received at a customhouse as imports or for export.
806413
IR, or Industrial Relations, law are the body of laws, administrative rulings, and precedents which addresses the legal rights of, and restrictions on, workers and their organizations. As such, it mediates many aspects of the relationship between trade unions, employers and employees. In some countries (such as Canada), employment laws related to unionised workplaces are differentiated from those relating to particular individuals. In most countries however, no such distinction is made. The labour movement has been instrumental in the enacting of laws protecting labour rights in the 19th and 20th centuries.
462807
A Manufacturer or a producer of goods in the first instance pays the duty. Component of the duty is added to the cost of the product which is utimately borne by the end user.
226880
I suggest you read up the following resources:\n\nThe Role of the Customs Broker http://www.itds.treas.gov/broker.html\nNational Customs Brokers & Forwarders Association of America, Inc.  http://www.ncbfaa.org/ \nBecoming a Customs Broker http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/import/broker_management/brokers.xml
263701
Your best bet would be to contact a local Customs Broker as they deal with import regulations all day.  Also, a lot of Couriers have their own in house brokerage department. So if you know what courier you will be using, contact them and ask if you can speak to someone in the Customs Brokerage department, they should be able to either transfer you or give you another phone number to call.\nIf I knew what country you are from, and if this was being imported for personal or business use, I might be able to give you some more information.
987962
hope this helps\n\n\nsorry should be this \nhttp://www.ita.doc.gov/td/tic/tariff/import_duties.htm
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Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the United States Constitution, known as the Commerce Clause, empowers the United States Congress "To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes."
373184
english, international business, political science, teaching for sick children, international law...
255359
Any industry which is involved in some form of international trade, although they are not just taking. These companies are engaging in free trade. One end provides a product or service, while the other end provides some form of payment.  It is simply a matter of give and take.  This is free trade.
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Trade debtors are persons who owe you money. When a person bought goods from you and tell you he will pay you another day it means that he become a debtor. At the same time you become a creditor - a person that let its customers to pay at a later time.
580148
I am going to assume you mean you are looking for the HS code to classify the goods for Customs.\nI would need to know what kind of machinery you are talking about. The best I can give you with this information is that it would most likely fall under chapter's 84 or 85.\nIf you would provide more information such as what kind of machinery, what it does and what it is used for, I would be able to find it for you.\nIf you would like to try and find it yourself you can visit the site below.  It is free to register.  Make sure you click on the link of of the country the goods will be going to as that is the country that would determine the duties and taxes.\nhttp://www.apectariff.org/\nI hope this helps
618081
Look for it at, wikipedia.com, under international law. good luck