who first saw these structures and named them cells?
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robert hooke first saw these structures and named them cell as they appeared like the jail cells.... he actually saw the cell wall....
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About 2 billion years ago.\n\nVery little. We are reasonably sure that chloroplasts and mitochondria were bacteria before they joined the collective.
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In 1824, Rene Dutrochet discovered that "the cell is the fundamental element in the structure of living bodies, forming both animals and plants through juxtaposition." However, the first sightings of the internal action of the cell were made by Robert Brown. In Berlin, Johannes Muller created connections between biology and medicine, prompting the connective thinking of his students, such as those of Theodore Schwann. Schwann created the term "cell theory" and declared that plants consisted of cells. This declaration was made after that of Matthias Schlieden's (1804 - 1881) that animals are composed of cells.\n\nLeeuwenhoek was first to describe cells and coined the word more than 100 years before, but he didn't really make the leap to how fundamental the unit was.
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The First microscope was a single lens microscope (invented by anton van leeuwenhoek)and it was the first microscope that detected bacteria(which was used as a model cell to study the structure & function of cells),and after that the microscopes improved and it was able to detect the other microorganisims.every microscope has a Specific magnification power and resolution, the more these are the better the microscope is and the more we can know about the cell we are looking at (structure).
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plant cells have cell walls to give them structure. they would be more box shaped where as animal cells would be more rounded since they dont have a cell wall.
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kooolcha is right, the first forms of life on Earth were most likely bacteria.  They were probably prokaryotic cells (eukaryotes are thought to have evolved from several prokaryotes joining together, organelles are thought to be evidence of this) that lacked internal structures, including the nucleus.
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The Rhesis protein marker was first discovered in Rhesis monkeys on their red cells. That's where the name came from. It wasn't until later that they discovered the same protein cluster was present on some human blood cells.\nThe similarities probably stem back from before primates evolved into man. You will find many similar protiens in monkeys to those in humans, just as you will find the same mechanisms for constructing proteins from DNA in every living cell.\n\nBelieve what you will about Adam & Eve.
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The first living cells were (big word coming up) heterotrophic anaerobes. This meant that they were other feeders (fed on naturally occuring amino acids) without oxygen. It wasn't until later that photosynthetic (organisms able to use energy from the Sun) developed. \n\nhttp://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/kids_space/qlife_ani.html\n\nThere is still debate within the scintific community if viruses are actually living.  The need a living host in order to function and reproduce.\n\nhttp://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/2c.asp
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These cells are called 'spores'.
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Well.. cells were first discovered by a man by the name Robert Hooke in 1663. He made the first microscope and saw MANY types of cells. Then two or three individuals formed the cell theory into three man parts.\n\nOne was Matthias Schleiden...another...Theodor Schwann .\n\nThe three basic parts to the cell theory are:\n1. Cells are the basic unit of all living things.\n2. Every living thing has one or morecells.\n3. All cells come from other cells.\n\nGlad to help\n\n~LG23~
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http://sun.menloschool.org/~cweaver/cells/
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the earliest known form of life is cyanobacteria which grew in bluish green pod like colonies approximately 3.4 billion years ago.
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*Digging out my encyclopedia* The first bacteria were observed by Antony van Leeuwenhoek in 1683 using a single-lens microscope of his own design. The name bacterium was introduced much later, by Ehrenberg in 1828, derived from the Greek word βακτηριον meaning "small stick". Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) and Robert Koch (1843-1910) described the role of bacteria as conveyors and causes of disease or pathogens.\n\nOriginally the bacteria were considered microscopic fungi (called Schizomycetes), except for the photosynthetic cyanobacteria, which were considered a group of algae (called Cyanophyta or blue-green algae). It was only with the study of detailed cell structure that it was realized they formed a fundamental group, separate from the other organisms. In 1956 Copeland gave them their own kingdom Mychota, later renamed Monera, Prokaryota, or Bacteria. During the 1960s the concept was refined and bacteria (now including cyanobacteria) were recognized as one of two major divisions of the living world, together with the eukaryotes. Eukaryotes were generally believed to have evolved from bacteria, later from assemblies of bacteria.\nhttp://www.aaaah.org/wiki/en/ba/Bacterium.htm\nBacteria (singular: bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. Most are microscopic and unicellular, with a relatively simple cell structure lacking a cell nucleus, and organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Their cell structure is further described in the article about prokaryotes, because bacteria are prokaryotes, in contrast to organisms with more complex cells, called eukaryotes.\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria
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All previous answers are wrong. Aristotle is credited with being the first scientist, because he used observation rather than unverifiable references. Mind you, the progress was halting. Even he still detected "anima" in frogs, as some sort of soul. The whole concept of purely using observation had not really sunk in. However, he is generally credited...\n\n\nSupport novel transit solutions: http://www.hallisystem.bravehost.com
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Gregor Mendel\nThe Beginning of Biomathematics\n\n\nWithout being really noticed by contemporary scientists, the book titled Versuche über Pflanzen-Hybride (Treatises on Plant Hybrids) and written by the Austrian (Moravian-Silesian) Augustinian monk Gregor Mendel appeared in 1865. Mendel’s treatise described his observations on the inheritance of various characteristics ("factors") in cross-bred pea plants as manifested in the phenotypes of subsequent generations. Later known as Mendel’s Laws, his famous principles of hereditary transmission were to revolutionise the cultivation of plants and the breeding of domesticated animals in the twentieth century. Biochemistry and molecular biology have found the molecular basis of Mendel’s Laws in form of gene expression in cells and gene transmission in the germline. Mendel’s work made it possible for the first time to exploit the genetic resources of organisms systematically. Mendel’s name marks not only the beginning of genetics as a scientific discipline in its own right but also the beginning of the systematic use of mathematics, quantified measurements and applied statistics in biology.\n\nMendel at the University in Vienna\n\nGregor Mendel was born on either 20th or 22nd July, 1822 in Heizendorf (today Hynice in the Czech Republic), a village near the border between northern Moravia and Silesia. From 1851 to 1853, Gregor Mendel studied zoology, botany, chemistry, and physics at the University of Vienna. He became a member of the Zoologico-Botanical Society of Austria and has published two scientific treatises in the "Verhandlungen" of this scientific organization (1853 and 1854). Probabely due to health reasons (epilepsia ?), Mendel has returned to Brno without formally finishing the University in Vienna.\n\nExperimentation in the monastery garden results in laws of inheritance ...\n\nWith the support of the Abbot of the Augustinian monastery in Brno, Cyrill Franz Napp, who took a lively interest in the natural sciences and plant cultivation, Mendel began his experiments with the hybrid cultivation of pea plants in 1856. After spending eight years carrying out experimental work in the monastery garden, he reported on the results of his observations at the meetings of the Association for Natural Research in Brno on the evenings of February 8th and March 8th, 1865. The Association published the written accounts of these observations in 1866, under the title Versuche über Pflanzen-Hybride. They appeared in Volume 4 of the Association’s records, Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines in Brünn.\n\n The garden of the Augustinian Convent in Brno. This view is looking towards the entrance to the garden, with Mendlovo namesti, Mendel Square, beyond.  In the shadows in front of the tree can just be seen part of the foundations of the greenhouse that Mendel used.  His peas were planted in the beds against the building on the left.\nThe same area in a photograph dating from the 1920s.  This view is looking in the opposite direction and shows a close up of the garden area that can be seen in the shadows of the building in the previous photo. It is precisely here that Mendel grew his peas. \n... but there was little reaction from the scientific community\n\nWe know from contemporary written reports that the audience received Mendel’s lectures courteously but with blank incomprehension. He must have been bitterly disappointed at the indifference with which his revelations were greeted. Mendel’s approach and the nature of his experimentation were simply too unconventional for his age. Nobody before him had ever attempted to use mathematical and statistical analysis as a means of interpreting the results of biological inquiry. Additionally, Mendel was known as a relatively shy person and might not have presented his results with the necessary emphasis and stress. Another reason for the absence of any response from the scientific fraternity of the day w
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or·gan·elle  (ôrg-nl)\nn.\nA differentiated structure within a cell, such as a mitochondrion, vacuole, or chloroplast, that performs a specific function.\n\ncell wall\nn.\nThe rigid outermost cell layer found in plants and certain algae, bacteria, and fungi but characteristically absent from animal cells.\n\ncell membrane\nn.\nThe semipermeable membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell. Also called cytomembrane, plasmalemma, plasma membrane.\n\nnu·cle·us  (nkl-s, ny-)\nn. pl. nu·cle·i (-kl-) or nu·cle·us·es \n1. A central or essential part around which other parts are gathered or grouped; a core: the nucleus of a city.\n2. Something regarded as a basis for future development and growth; a kernel: a few paintings that formed the nucleus of a great art collection.\n3. Biology A large, membrane-bound, usually spherical protoplasmic structure within a living cell, containing the cell's hereditary material and controlling its metabolism, growth, and reproduction.\n4. Botany \na. The central kernel of a nut or seed.\nb. The center of a starch granule.\n5. Anatomy A group of specialized nerve cells or a localized mass of gray matter in the brain or spinal cord.\n6. Physics The positively charged central region of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons and containing almost all of the mass of the atom.\n7. Chemistry A group of atoms bound in a structure, such as a benzene ring, that is resistant to alteration in chemical reactions.\n8. Astronomy \na. The central portion of the head of a comet.\nb. The central or brightest part of a nebula or galaxy.\n9. Meteorology A particle on which water vapor molecules accumulate in free air to form a droplet or ice crystal.\n10. Linguistics The part of a syllable having the greatest sonority. In the word middlemost (mdl-mst) the nuclei of the three syllables are (), (l), and (); in the Czech word krk ("neck"), the nucleus is (r).\n\ncy·to·plasm  (st-plzm)\nn.\nThe protoplasm outside the nucleus of a cell.
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Do you mean "multi-celled"? The term "multi-celled" when applied to a plant or animal means that the organism is made up of several different cell types. The first multi-celled animals (metazoa) evolved over 600 million years ago. \n\nPrimitive metazoa can be grouped in three basic categories: sponge-like animals, cnidarians, and worms. The sponges, and cnidarians (corals and sea anemones), are the most primitive with about 11 specialized cell types. Worms and higher metazoa have approximately 55 specialized cells.\nWith the close of the Precambrian (545 mill. years ago), much of the Ediacara Biota (oldest animal-like multi-celled fossils) would become extinct. Many of them seem to be "failed experiments" in the evolution of life on Earth that became extinct just before the Cambrian "Explosion" of Life. Other Precambrian fossils do appear to be from the ancestors of modern animals. It is generally agreed that simple burrows and trace-fossils (such as Helminthopsis) found in upper Precambrian rocks were made by primitive worms. These worms, and some other members of the Ediacara Biota, survived the extinction event and took part in the greatest evolutionary event in Earth's history: The Cambrian "Explosion" of Life. Within 35 million years of the end of the Precambrian, representatives of essentially all modern phyla were present in the Cambrian seas.\n Hope that helps.