why is heart valve catherization done?
923823
My Dad had a heart cath done to see where his blockage was.  He had so many they decided that stents would not be for him so they did bypass surgery on him.  Here is more on it.  \n\n\nIn most cases, cardiac catheterization is recommended when a partial or complete arterial blockage is suspected. It is used to evaluate how well the heart is functioning and to obtain information about blockages. \n\nCardiac catheterization is performed in a hospital. Usually, the procedure takes 2 to 3 hours to perform and patients are required to remain immobile for 4 to 6 hours following cardiac catheterization. \n\nIndications \nIndications for the procedure include the following: \n\nAngina that is not easily controlled with medication, that disrupts daily routine, occurs at rest, or recurs after heart attack \nHeart failure with suspected coronary artery disease \nHeart valve disease with symptoms (e.g., shortness of breath) \nMarkedly abnormal stress test results \nRecurring chest pain of unidentified cause \nNot everyone with angina needs a cardiac catheterization. Patients who have very rare or easily controlled episodes of angina may desire to continue with medical therapy rather than undergo angioplasty or bypass surgery. Many patients who have suffered a heart attack can initially undergo a stress test rather than cardiac catheterization. \nCardiac catheterization usually is not performed in patients who have infrequent episodes of angina (chest pain) or angina that is easily controlled.
520723
Angioplasty, often called balloon angioplasty, involves a catheter with a small inflatable region near its tip. When the catheter gets to a point in the artery with significant plaque buildup (usually decreased by 80% or more), the balloon is inflated, squishing the plaque against the walls and thereby increasing the opening and thus the amount of blood that can go through the artery at that point. Catheterization can also be used to place stents, little mesh-like things that are sometimes placed in arteries with plaque buildup to keep them open; sometimes used in combination with angioplasty. It's possible that a catheter could be used to reach a mechanical valve, but I don't know if it could be repaired via the catheter. If so, you'd need to find a large hospital specializing in that sort of thing. Open heart surgery might be necessary.
697355
to become a cardiac cath tech you need to do a 4 year degree in university - BSc clinical physiology.  You will not just be qualified to do cath lab but also other investigations e.g. exercise tolerance tests, pacing and obtain experience with echo (ultrasound of the heart).  The starting salary is around £23,000 which isn't a lot for the amount of work needed to become qualified.
116351
You should first use a torniquette upon the area you need to do the cannulation.After engorgement of veins beneath your torniquette and after using antiseptic solutions for cleaning the skin area you have to use an angiocath introducing to your vein , when pushing in piercing the skin in the direction of vein with almost 15 degree slope, you will see blood in the hub , in this time stop going in and hold the metal part firmly and push the plastic part in .then fix the angiocath .\nI think using this way you can successfully perform what you asked.\ngood luck.
1051040
why don't you ask your teacher? I find it very disturbing that the person that drew my blood the other day may have been taught how to do it by someone on yahoo. Gee whats next a Dr. asking the best way to perform a heart transplant.
37811
The aortic valve is the gateway between the left ventricle and the aorta.  This is where fresh oxygenated blood is pumped out to the entire body.  There are a variety of diseases that can require replacement of this valve, including aortic stenosis where the valve does not properly open and close, or an aortic insufficiency where the valve allows backflow of blood from the aorta back into the left ventricle of the heart.\n\nThere are two major types of aortic valve replacements - mechanical valves and biologic/tissue valves.  Mechanical valves have been around longer and subsequently have a very refined safety and efficacy profile.  The downside is that after the procedure, the patient must be put on blood thinners for the rest of their life.  Biologic/tissue valves do not need subsequent blood thinner treatment and therefore may benefit younger, generally healthy patients.  However, it has been shown that the durability of tissue valves may be lower than mechanical valves, which may require a repeat operation later in life.\n\nThere is a variation to the above procedures called the Ross procedure.  This procedure replaces the faulty aortic valve with the patient's own pulmonary valve.  The pulmonary valve is then replaced with a tissue valve.  The rationale for doing this is that more strain is put on the aortic valve and therefore having the person's own anatomy in that place is preferable to having a weaker mechanical or tissue valve.  The pulmonary valve, which only pumps to the lungs (and therefore doesn't have to pump as hard) can withstand having a tissue valve, which isn't as durable.  In addition, this approach does not require blood thinners after the operation.\n\nCurrent cardiac surgery research is trying to investigate if valve replacement can be done in a minimally invasive way using catheter devices.
434835
Blockage of the heart!! ???? :S\n\nwhen you get a blood cloth and it stops the blood from pumping further.. ..
273451
There was a segment on Good Morning America last week. Dr. Tim Johnson (a candidate for the procedure himself) discussed it. A laser catheter is inserted through the thigh (like angioplasty) and the muscles above the atrium are "zapped" to prevent their irregular spasms. My cousin had it done, and it worked for her. I looked on ABC's website but I couldn't find aynthing. Talk to your cardiologist.
693386
I believe it developed on time as a practical ecomonic choice or industry standard.\n\nYou would want to use a very low pressure if possible but still it needs to be high enough to actuate instuments and control devices.
162784
Yes - and no - certain types of valves, such as globe and needle valves are more suitable for control than others, such as ball valves.  A ball valve will achieve 90% flow at approximately 10% open.  It doesn't give you a lot of room for control.  A globe valve, on the other hand, has a much more linear "open vs. flow" response.\n\nIf your control, however, is purely "ON/OFF" then a ball valve is perfectly suitable.\n\nOf course, in actual practive, if there is any way possible to mis-apply a valve, somebody has probably done it.
956384
There is a more technical name for it but I think so normal people understand it they call it cauterizatio. My mom is having it done today. They go through the groin area as they would do the catheterization. Anyway, she is having the cauterization done because she has tachycardia (abnormally fast heart rate) The last time they just shocked her heart to get it back into normal rythym. Since it is doing it again, they are going to cauterize the bad spots in her heart that are making it not beat correctly and this way it will just skip over the cauterized portion and beat normal.  Hope this helps.
284071
In general, the mechanical valves will last much longer, but require chronic anticoagulation (blood thinning with a medication called Coumadin to prevent clots from forming on the valve). They are offered to the younger people, who want to avoid another surgery 10-20 years down the line.  The cow or rahter pig valves last about that much time.  They will wear down sooner, but they have the benefit of not requiring life long anticoagulation, which may have bleeding complications (though is generally safe..hundreds of thousands of people are on anticoagulation and they are doing fine). So in general, the younger patients get mechanical valves and the older patients get pig valves.  It is all about choice...possibility of another surgery down the line vs. lifelong coagulation.  Both valves work equally well otherwise. I would encourage you to talk to your cardiovascular surgeon about this in depth.  Good luck!
1154701
The ventricles are larger. Why this makes a difference is unknown.
283165
Interesting question.  Coronography (we usually say coronary angiography) refers to the intravascular study of the coronary vessels.  It is a crude technique if you think about it.  Dye gets injected into your coronary arteries and a special xray camera is able to see the contours of these vessels.  If there is a narrowing (or blockage), you are told you have advanced coronary artery disease and are presented with options (stenting, drugs, surgery, etc.). I said it was crude, because in the future, we hope to develop purely radiologic systems that will not require the use of the dye (many people are allergic to it, it can affect the kidney function, etc.).  \n\nTissue doppler is a sonographic technique allowing for detection of regional wall motion abnormalities in a beating heart.  Usually it is used in the context of a "stress test," where your heart gets exposed to excercise or a drug called dobutamine.  Such "dobutamine stress echo," with the help of tissue doppler techniques allows the echocardiographer to see if any parts of your heart are beating incorrectly (they could be hypokinetic=weak beating, or akinetic=no beating at all).  \n\nThe correlation between coronarography and tissue doppler results is this:  A blocked coronary artery that is seen on angiography may result in either death or stunning of the heart muscle, resulting in diminished wall motion on the tissue doppler.  So in a sense, both of these techniques are complementary in establishing that you have a clinically significant coroanry artery disease that needs some intervention.  Hope that helps!
1024838
I'm not a surgeon but have a lot of personal experience with angioplasty.  Arrhythmia can be detected on an ECG as it is an abnormal beat.  If it develops there are numerous options to control from pace makers to medication.  Just depends on the type.  Aortic diseases refer to blockage in the aorta.  This is the major artery in the body as all blood flows through it and it supplies all organs except the lungs with oxygenated blood.  Like any artery it can become diseased and block off.  This artery is checked when the doctor performs the angiogram.  (If the doctor accessed the heart by going through the groin then he entered the aorta to get to the heart) This artery can be cleared as any other and if the blockage is serious enough they can bypass it using an artificial artery.\n\nRelaxing will be a key to feeling better.  Any heart procedure can be scary and it takes awhile to get a good mental control over the episode.  Just don't dwell on it.  It may not be a bad idea to consult a mental health clinic.  Just like any organ the brain is subject to some strange reactions.  Mental health clinics are a good source of professionals trained to deal with things such as anxiety and depression which can occur after a heart procedure.\n\nGood luck and i hope your father is soon better.
585746
I am 19 and was born with a leaky aortic valve, ie heart murmur. I have never had a valve replacement, and generally things tend to worsen before they get better.\nDoctors generally tend to expect the worst outcome, and your son probably wont need a transplant.However He may need a few simple though painful procedures were they insert cathoders, but if leakage is mild, transplants are rarely needed.
1098099
First I would ask for an echocardiogram with & without saline (water bubbles); this will show any & hopefully all holes in your heart. I had it done & they found I was missing a chamber and had holes on the opposite side of my heart which required them to "cath" my heart. They make a small slice in the groin area & go through a main artery in your leg up to your heart. I'm only 5' & 100 lbs & they couldn't knock me out with morphine (I watched the entire procedure & ticked off my cardiologist -lol). My personal opinion would be 1. ask questions, make a list if you have to, 2. check out the surgeons & their history, & 3. if they are as good as they check out to be the procedure will be a cakewalk for you. I was 38 when they found all of this & now I'm 43 and alive to see my baby (23) get married this coming August to a wonderful young lady. My Dad had 2 triple arterial bypasses & he lost a leg in Korea and God bless him, he'll be 79 this July. Yes, I had a good role model but it is normal to get upset when a Dr mentions a prob w/the heart & that you have to face surgery. I now know how a lobster feels having its chest cracked but thorasic & cardiac surgery is so advanced that I can promise you that you'll be fine. Try to keep a positive attitude and have faith; they told me after 3 days that if I could walk up & down a flight of stairs 4 times, I could go home..........I bolted & got my boney butt outta that hospital & back into my own home in no time. My thoughts & prayers are with you (Navy brat here) but above all : keep the faith.\nBeth