why salt is less soluble in butanol than in water?
926599
There is a mnemonic to easily remember the basic tenet of solubility: "Like dissolves like.." Salt, NaCl, is an ionic compound. Water is a polar compound. That is why water dissolves salt, becuase they could both be considered polar, they have a positive and negative end. Butanol is non-polar. That is why it dissolves napthalene, which is also non-polar, better than water.
1020573
it does but it's diluted.Some bodies of water have higher salt content than others.
1183305
Because water (H2O) is a polar substance... meaning that the molecules are balanced... positives and negatives.\nOil, on the other hand, is a non-polar substance.\n\nIf you follow the theory of "like dissolves like", a non-polar solute (oil) would NOT dissolve in a polar solvent (H2O).\n\nSo... they don't dissolve in each other... they just kind of sit on top of each other.\n\nI hope that made sense!
806495
A solution of alcohol in water drops its melting point.  A lot of things, in fact, drops the melting point of water when added to it, like salt for example, or ethyl glycol, which is the reason why it's added to radiator water to keep it from freezing.
95222
Potassium Chloride (KCl) has a solubility of .4 g/mL in Ethanol (at room 25 C I would assume), yes, it does dissolve, but barely.
665709
not "drunk" but you can overhydrate yourself.\n\nWhen too much water enters the body's cells, the tissues swell with the excess fluid. Your cells maintain a specific concentration gradient, so excess water outside the cells (the serum) draws sodium from within the cells out into the serum in an attempt to re-establish the necessary concentration. As more water accumulates, the serum sodium concentration drops -- a condition known as hyponatremia. The other way cells try to regain the electrolyte balance is for water outside the cells to rush into the cells via osmosis. The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from higher to lower concentration is called osmosis. Although electrolytes are more concentrated inside the cells than outside, the water outside the cells is 'more concentrated' or 'less dilute' since it contains fewer electrolytes. Both electrolytes and water move across the cell membrane in an effort to balance concentration. Theoretically, cells could swell to the point of bursting.
666223
methane wouldnt really dissolve in water.  KCl would ionize in water to become K+ and Cl-.  Helium wouldn't dissolve in water.  MgSO4 would also ionize in water.  Sucrose would dissolve in water to a significant extent, because of hydrogen bonding.  Sucrose has lost of hydroxyl groups in its structure and allow it to hydrogen bond in water, therefore dissolving.  Sodium bicarb would also just ionize.
124074
In short: Any solution will boil at a higher temperature than the pure solvent. \nBoiling point elevation is a colligative property. Use the formula provided by emilyrose. The addition of salt to water causes vapor pressure reduction of the water. This is because the addition of a non-volatile solute causes a reduction in the surface area available to water molecules, reducing the likelihood of evaporation. This vapor pressure lowering is described by Raoults Law (see link).\nInterestingly, if you have a salt solution, and you heat it till it boils, as the water evaporates, the boiling temperature of the solution will continuously increase, because its molality increases. Please see the link below for a more detailed discussion.
641015
Simple:\n\nEthanol is polar (Formula is CH3CH2OH) the lst OH group make the diference.. because of extensive "hydrogenbonding" property it behaves like polar solvent and  polar solvents dissolves in polar media such as water.\n\nWhere as Heptanol, thoug it is having OH group (CH2(CH2)5-CH2-OH), because of long aliphatic chain, the "Hydrogen bonds" formed by these molecule are weak and rare.\n\nso it behaves as non-polar compare to water\nso it cant dissolve Ethanol
582091
Oil and water don't mix. Pouring 10 mL of olive oil into 10 mL of water results in two distinct layers, clearly separated by a curved meniscus. Each layer has the same volume and essentially the same composition as the original liquids. Because very little mixing has apparently occured, the liquids are called "immisicible" or unmixable [1]. \nPouring grain alcohol into water results in a single liquid phase. No meniscus forms between the alcohol and the water, and the two liquids are considered "miscible". Nearly any pair of liquids are miscible if only a trace amount of one of the liquids is present. \n\nMany liquid mixtures fall between these two extremes. Two liquids are "partially miscible" if shaking equal volumes of the liquids together results in a meniscus visible between two layers of liquid, but the volumes of the layers are not identical to the volumes of the liquids originally mixed. For example, shaking water with certain organic acids results in two clearly separate layers, but each layer contains water and acid (with one layer mostly water and the other, rich in acid.) \n\nLiquids tend to be immiscible when attractions between like molecules are much stronger than attractions between mixed pairs. Thermodynamics can provide a more complete explanation of why liquids sometimes won't mix completely [2]. \n\nNotes\nActually extremely low concentrations of oil can be found in the water, and the oil layer contains detectable amounts of water. Complete immiscibility is rare. \nFor a thermodynamic explanation of why liquids don't always mix, see S. R. Logan's "The Behavior of a Pair of Partially Miscible Liquids", J. Chem. Educ., 75, 339 (1998).
822453
The boiling point series for short alcohols is dominated by hydrogen bonding.  That's where the H on the hydroxyl group (OH)  on one molecule is attracted to the O on a nearby molecule.\nEven tough "normal alcohol" (I imagine you mean n-butanol from the context of your question) is just as heavy, it will have a higher boiling point because its structure makes hydrogen bonding easier.  It is basically alike to a bunch of strings with the magnets on their ends with nothing to impede the other strings from glomming on.\nTert-butanol, on the other hand, is like a bunch of knotted strings with magnets at the base of the knot.  The hydroxyl group on these molecules are not all that available for their neighboring molecules to find and be attracted to.  This is called "steric hinderance" and is more a physical and spatial consideration than a chemical phenomenon.
1420
Good question.   Could be a number of reason, but my guess would be that you have some salt in your boiling water.    When NaCl solution is placed in a flame the Na cation gets ionized and yellow light is given off.    It doesn't take much salt for you to see this effect.   You will see this even with regular tap water, since it also has a small amount of salts dissolved in it.    \nIn fact, standard distilled water is usually not pure enough to avoid this effect.    That's why chemist buy special stills to make ultrapure water for experiments.
75373
A previous answerer almost got it right.  Many drugs are practically insoluble in water, yet they are basic.  Such drugs, being bases, can react with acids to form salts.  These salts, if properly chosen, can be quite water soluble.  Very commonly, salts formed by reacting bases with hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid (HCl) are quite water soluble.  It is often important to have good water solubility in a drug to aid its dissolution in the stomach or to make it appropriate for percutaneous (injection, intravenous, etc.) use.  These hydrochloride salts are designated by listing "HCl" after the drug name.
118663
I'll take a stab at this one.  \n\nIf you're comparing the two, water will disolve more NaCl than it will Sodium bicarbonate because it dissociates a lot faster and effienciently (due to its electronegativitiy and other factors).  \n\nOn that same note, if you are asking directly if both dissolve faster in cold or hot water, hot water is always your best bet with solids dissolving in water.  On another note, if you want to disolve a gas in water lower temperatures are pretty much the only way to accomplish this (but thats a different topic).  \n\nSo in short, both will disolve better in hot water!\n\nCheck out the source below it is very helpful.  Oh and by the way, Sodium bicarbonate does dissolve in water.
482786
Isopropyl alcohol is completely miscible with water, as it can hydrogen bond to water.\n\nCalcium chloride is soluble because water is polar and the attractive forces between the calcium ions and chloride ions can be overcome by water.
1010626
Could be that different chemical compounds freeze at different temperatures.  Water freezes at a lower temperature than 36 degrees but not everything does.  That is also like why you put salt on ice to thaw it, it lowers the freezing point, so it has to be a lot colder before you get ice.
429768
To perform a solution-based separation, you need a solvent in which one or some of the solutes (in the mixture to be separated) is/are highly soluble, and in which the other components are highly insoluble.\n\nA simple example might be separating an ethanol/pentane mixture by using water.  Ethanol, being polar, will readily dissolve in water; but the nonpolar pentane will not.