Is there a one chromosome organism?
913347
Bacteria have very few chromosomes compared to us, so there must be a very simple bacteria with only 1 chromosome.  Their chromosomes are circular and are called plasmids.
271518
two copies of chromosomes ion the same cell
778145
http://www.pathlights.com/ce_encyclopedia/15sim03.htm\n\nsmall monkey (Macaca rhesus): 42 \n\n48 chimp chromosomes.\n\nhttp://www.ridgecrest.ca.us/~do_while/sage/v7i4f.htm\n\nBut the human DNA sequence was just recently decoded. (It was published in the 16 February, 2001, issue of the journal Science.) Work on decoding the DNA sequence of chimps is just beginning. (See Monkey Business, in the Evolution in the News column in this issue.) How could they have been able to calculate the similarity of two sequences “decades” ago when neither had been decoded? How can they calculate it now when only one of them has been decoded? Did they just pull 98% out of the air?\n\nPerhaps they compared the 46 human chromosomes with the 48 chimp chromosomes. They could not possibly have done that and come up with a figure exceeding 97.8% Here’s why:\n\nLet’s compare the chromosomes of a boy and his mother. A boy gets 23 of his chromosomes from his mother and 23 from his father. Clearly, at least 23 of the chromosomes will be identical to his mother. Therefore, the similarity will be at least 50%.\n\nBut one of the chromosomes he gets from his father must be different because his mother has two X chromosomes (if she didn’t, she wouldn’t be female), and the son has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome (because he is male). Therefore, at most, 45 of the 46 (97.8%) chromosomes will be identical.\n\nSo, the boy’s Y chromosome is guaranteed to be different from his mother. What about the other 22 chromosomes he gets from his father? Societies generally try to discourage incestuous relationships, and scientists have discovered that there is a good reason for this. It reduces the chance that a baby will inherit the same defective gene from both mother and father. If the boy’s father and mother come from unrelated families, it is almost certain that most of those 22 chromosomes will have at least one different gene.\n\nSo, if you determine genetic similarity by counting identical chromosomes, the genetic similarity of a boy to his mother is likely to be closer to 50% than 100%. “Scientists” certainly could not have found that humans and chimpanzees are 98% alike by counting chromosomes.\n\nOf course we know that they didn’t count chromosomes when making the comparison. We only mention it to make the point that what you count will affect the result you get. You can use a method of counting that gives close to 50%, or you can use a different method that gives a much higher number........\n\n\nclick on link to read more.
273434
There are multiple start codons, depending on the species.  But I'm pretty sure that there are always a few oddities in how different species might encode information is slightly non-standard ways.
1068360
dna and genetic coding of chromosomes.
759610
Mitosis:\n\nOccurs during cell division of somatic cells\n\nA full set of chromosomes is passed on to each daughter cell. This s the diploid number of chromosomess\n\nthe choromosomes and genes in each daughter cell are identical.\n\nIf new organisms are produced by mitosis is asexual reproduction they will all resemble each other and their parents. they are said to form a 'clone'.\n\n\nMeiosis;\n\nOccurs in the final stages of cell division leading to production of gametes.\n\nOnly half the chromosomes are passed on to the daughter cells, i.e. the haploid number of chromosomes.\n\nThe homologous chromosomes and their genes are radomly assorted between the gametes.\n\nNew organisms produced by meiosis in sexual reproduction will show variations from each other and form their own parents.
299526
As far as we know, Earth life specifically uses only one chirality, and in fact this is one reason we may not be able to live on other planets that have life (science fiction premise).  If you have found a life-form, then that would be one way.  A more direct way would be to partially sequence the DNA, to determine if there are shared genes (all life shares some genes, from human to bacteria, that shows the evolutionary relationship).  You might also examine the cells to determine if the intracellular organelles are normal (presence of mitochondria, etc), and sequence the tRNA-transfer RNA in eukaryotes (multi-cellular cells) is all very similar, and that of prokaryotes is similar.  Also, run an analysis of the amino acids- Earth life uses a small minority of the types of amino acids that are possible-presumably alien life would use at least some different ones.
957887
Each chromosome in your body has an "identical pair"- there are two chromosomes that code for the same functions- one from your mother and one from your father.\n\nBecause they come from two sources, they are coding for the same functions, but may code differently for them (ie blue eyes as opposed to brown eyes).\n\nDuring prophase one, each chromosome duplicates into two sister chromatids joined by a centromere, and then the double stranded chromosome finds it's partner which is coding for the same thing (just came from the opposite parent), and is also double stranded.  Now you have a 4 stranded tetrad.\n\nGenetic variability comes from crossing over.  This is where the two chromatids closest together in the tetrad exchange some genetic information.\n\nFor example, two of the chromatids code for blue eyes, brown hair and shortsightedness.\nThe other two chromatids code for brown eyes, red hair and normal vision.\n\nDuring crossing over one chromatid from each pair forming the tetrad literally have ends "crossing over" and bits of information are exchanged.\n\nAfter crossing over, you have 4 chromatids with unique codings.  Using the example above, we may now have:\n-blue eyes, brown hair, shortsightedness\n-blue eyes, red hair, normal vision\n-brown eyes, brown hair, shortsightedness\n-brown eyes, red hair, normal vision\n\nWe now have genetic variability in each gamete produced from this meiotic division.
695785
Are you looking for all known orthologues of the individual genes in the operon (I assume) or for all occurences of these particular genes in an operon in other organisms (bacteria)?\n\n\n\n/////////\nI would try to look at "HomoloGENE", "Genome" and "UniGene" at the Entrez gateway at the US National Library of Medicine, Nat'l Ctr. for Biotechnology Info. (NCBI) \n\nhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gquery/gquery.fcgi?itool=toolbar
890925
Men typically have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome in each diploid cell of their bodies. Women typically have two X chromosomes.
870786
a. anaphase 1 as that is when you have two chromosomes each with two chromatids.  They are called tetrads, coming from the word tetra, meaning 4
1180475
Tetraploid. (Probably a plant)
382853
Chromatids or sister chromatids.
564944
Absolutely nothing to do with chromosome count.\n\n>>>> How closely related are humans to apes and \n>>>> other animals?\n\nIt varies depending on the animal obviously. Around 95% relatedness to chimpanzees. Around 92% for gorillas, as little as 80% for orang-utans. It gets progressively less the  more distant the other species are in evolutionary terms.\n\n>>>>How do scientists measure that?\n\nThere are two basic ways. One is to measure the degree of similarity of the genes, that is the functional parts of the DNA. That generally produces figures quite a bit higher than the ones I gave above. The other is to sequence the entire genome, or large stretches of it and compare it that way. Because those long stretches contain non-coding material they are generally more dissimilar between species.\n\n>>>>Are humans related to plants at all?\n\n\nYep. All living things on this planet are related to some degree. IIRC humans share around 15% of their genes with bananas.
1127866
For humans, we need a 1 pair of chromosomes (#1-23).  If we didn't reduce our chromosome, the next generation would carry 2 pairs of chromosomes and that would be incompatible with life.  Our sexual cells (sperm and egg) has 1 set (not a pair of them) of chromosomes so that the set from the egg and the set from for sperm together makes a human with 1 pair of chromosomes.
252661
If it is a diploid (2n) and has 30 chromosomes, then it has 30 chromosoms obviously but one usually addresses these as 15 pairs and not 30 chromosomes. The haploid of this would thus be 15 single chromosomes.
184754
multicellular organisms