What is the effect of increase/decrease of calcium conc.on the heart-particularly effect on cardiac output?
918119
since Ca+ is critical for muscles to contract, it would have great effects!
577255
A type of cardiac arrest, known as torsades de pointes, is the most severe consequence I can think of for a magnesium deficiency. Read below for more details.  There are many, many more serious consequences of hypomagnesemia, such as preeclampsia in pregnant women, asthma, and ataxia, to name a few. However, cardiac arrest gets the vote for "most severe" consequence.\n\n\nArrhythmia\n\nMagnesium is needed for the adequate function of the Na-K-ATPase pump in the heart. A lack of it depolarises and results in tachyarrythmia. Magnesium inhibits release of potassium, a lack of magnesium increases loss of potassium. Intracellular levels of potassium decrease and the cells depolarise. Digoxin increases this effect. Both digoxin and hypomagnesemia inhibit the Na-K-pump resulting in decreased intracellular potassium.\n\nMagnesium intravenously helps in refractory arrhythmia, most notably torsade de pointes. Others are ventricular tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation.\n\nThe effect is based upon decreased excitability by depolarisation and slowing down of electric signals in the AV-node. Magnesium is negative inotrope as a result of decrease calcium influx and calcium release from intracellular storage. It is just as effective as verapamil. In myocardial infarction there is a functional lack of magnesium, suppletion will decrease mortality.
651567
Burns, fibrillation of the heart and neurological effects. See: \n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_shock
589170
I'm guessing you mean the results of a stress test.\nThe short answer is, almost nothing. Stress tests (depending on the type) will show the pumping funciton of the heart and whether (or not) it is getting enough oxygen via the blood.\n\nA healthy diet, exercise, and taking the medication regimen prescribed will help the patient strengthen.\n\nIf the test showed ischemia, then revascularization (heart cath or CABG) is needed.
1113809
absolutely! Having low or high e'lytes can irritate the heart setting you up for potentially fatal heart rhythms.
464420
because the regulatory mechanisms that control rr and tv are mainly controlled by the autonomic nervous system ie hormonal control, low o2 conc does not affect these as the there are no feedback mechanisms from the tissues that need the o2, the systems, in other words , are not intrinsically linked
353736
Blood pressure = Cardiac output * total peripheral resistance.\n\ncardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out by the left ventrical per minute~5L/min\n\nCardiac output= heart rate * stroke volume\n\nheart rate is number of times the heart beats per minute and stroke volume is End systolic volume - end diastolic volume. \n\nWhen your start to run, there will be a mass sympathetic discharge from your brain. So your hearts pumps harder and faster. Heart rate increases and heart contractility increases. so cardiac output increases from 5 L to say 8L or more. However BP does not increase as much because total peripheral resistance acturally decreases instead of incrases. As you run, the mucles that are oxygen starved release vasodilators into the blood vessels. These cause the smooth muscle around the arterioles to vasodilate. Therefore resistance to blood flow actually decreases. Hope this explains what you've been looking for.
810354
Hypertension can multi-system effects. It is a risk factor for stroke and heart disease. Hypertension can increase the workload that the heart has to pump against, the heart overtime can develop what health care professionals call left ventricular hypertrophy (the left ventricle of the heart becomes overly thickened) which can lead to heart failure. Patients with heart failure will present with shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling of the legs, chest  pain etc due to the heart's inability to pump adequate amounts of oxygenated blood to meet the the body's physiological needs. \n\nHypertension is a modifiable risk factor for heart disease and stroke which can be controlled with lifestyle modification such as diet and exercise, medications and proper care of a trained healthcare professional.  Hope this helps.
1038985
Amlodipine-\nMode of action- Same as calcium channel blockers. It reduces the amount of calcium entering the muscle cells of arteries causing them to relax. This leads to the blood flow to heart increasing and reducing the work, the heart has to do to pump blood around the body.\nOnset of action- gradual.\nDuration of action- > 24 hours.\nAdverse effects- Headache, flushing, hypotension, nausea, abdominal pain, peripheral oedema, fatigue, dizziness, palpitation, rash.\nContraindication- Hypersensitivity.\nSpecial precautions- Liver dysfunction, children.\nMetformin- Please see the webpage for more details.\nSimvastatin- do-\nGemfibrozil- do-
138406
I'm not sure what you need to know about this subject.\n\nCoronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle. \nThe coronary arteries regulate the supply of blood to your heart muscle depending on how much oxygen your heart needs at the time, as indicated by:\n\n    * The number of times your heart beats per minute (heart rate).\n    * Your blood pressure.\n    * The force of your heart's contractions.\n    * The thickness of your heart muscle.\n\nSecond link discusses coronary artery disease.
207563
makes your bones stronger, allows for intracellular signalling, and allows for action potential in the nervous system.  In conclusion: you can't do jack w/o calcium.\n\nI am right, those who don't agree with the above statement are wrong.
33775
If the peripheral resistance is decreased,as in case of vasodilation,heart tries to pump more blood to fullfill the requirement,thus increasing cardiac output.
118152
I suspect that the calcium in hard water becomes kidney stones. Buy a calciun suppliment if you need more.
785202
It's not really a question of what's effected - its more of a progression.  The ones to go first really depend on what is causing the loss in homeostasis.  Then these first organs may effect other organs.  For example, if potassium is off - it will effect the heart.  However, if kidneys fail for some reason and affect the balance of ions in the body, then they will eventually affect other organs.  So it is a tough question to answer, but any organs may be affected and it will depend on what the cause is.  \nMostly the big organs you worry about are heart, kidney, liver, CNS (brain), lungs.
949981
Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle are both striated tissue. However, the specific adaptations of cardia tissue allow it to remain contracted for a slightly longer time--but not tetanus (sustained muscle contraction).\nThe calcium release from muscle depolarization is allowed to stay in the muscle slightly longer, letting the myosin bind to the actin molecules. Once calcium is reabsorbed, the myosin can no longer hold onto the actin and the muscle relaxes. This longer contraction allows blood to be efficiently pumped through the heart.\nAlso, skeletal muscle's calcium channels are only activated by depolarization from an action potential from a connecting nerve. Cardiac muscle contracts because of a signal recieved from the pacemaker located at the top side of the right atrium. The cardiac muscle tissue can beat on it's own and does not require signals from the brain to contract. (unconscious operation).\n\nHope that helps!
449693
because they are bloch the B receptors which are responsible for heart contractions\n\nthen heart rate and contraction decrease ,this may lead to fatigue
804419
My best knowledge would be excitment, which gives a boost of adrenaline, causing the heart to have to pump harder due to the adrenaline rush, causing it to sometimes skip a beat.