How many ATPs are produced through substrate-level phosphorlylation in cellular respiration?
926847
Substrate-level phosphorylation is the direct transfer of a phosphate group from some compound onto ADP to make ATP.  \n\nIn the glycolytic pathway, there are two specific steps where substrate-level phosphorylation occurs.  If you're counting ATPs produced from a single glucose molecule, then 4 ATPs are produced by the substrate level phosphorylation reactions during glycolysis. \n\nIn the citric acid cycle, there is another point where substrate-level phosphorylation occurs.  Again, if you're counting ATPs from a single glucose molecule, this accounts for 2 more ATPs.\n\nSo, adding those up, you have 6 ATPs produced from the metabolism of one glucose molecule by substrate-level phosphorylation reactions...
920258
The cells takes up glucose that you eat.  Glucose enters Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle.  These are both reactions that convert glucose to ATP.  ATP has three phosphate bonds.  Bonds hold atoms together and they require energy.  Our bodies then break the third phosphate bond (it holds the most energy).  When this energy is released from the bond, we can use it for energy.
737389
For each molecule of glucose you use 2 ATP (coverting glucose to glucose-6-phosphate and converting fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate) but you produce a total of 4 (your inital glucose is split into two GAP molecules and you get 2ATP per GAP for a total of 4). Overall you get a net gain of 2ATP, so if you have 5 glucose you would have a net gain of 10.
132983
AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION:\nRespiration is a chemical process, occurring in the mitochondria in the cytoplasm of all living cells, which breaks down sugar to provide energy for the cell\n\n-Aerobic respiration requires the presence of oxygen \n-Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen \n-Glucose is a source of energy in the cell \n-The chemical that transports and transfers energy in the cell is called ATP (adenosine triphosphate). \nD-uring respiration sugar is broken down into CO2 and water \n-During Respiration the energy compund ATP is made from ADP and inorganic phosphate molecules (Pi) \n-ADP + Pi + energy from respiration  ATP \n-Where energy is required within the cell the reverse reaction takes place \n-ATP  ADP + Pi + energy· \n-Some heat is lost as waste during respiration. \n+Stages of respiration:         \n\nGlycolysis· \n-requires glucose as an energy source \n-Broken down aerobically into pyruvic acid \n-The pyruvic acid is broken down aerobically or anaerobically \n-two molecules of ATP are generated in this stage.         \nAerobic Breakdown\n-Only happens in the presence of oxygen: \n-Pyruvic acid enters the aerobic respiration system \n-CO2 is generated as waste \n-Hydrogen is given energy \n-It is passed on to a hydrogen acceptor molecule \n-It is then called a reduced hydrogen acceptor \n-Hydrogen is passed into another chemical system \n-The waste hydrogen is reacted with the oxygen to make water \n-The energy from the hydrogen is used to turn 36 molecules of ADP into 36 molecules of ATP \n-Giving a total of 38 molecules of ATP for aerobic respiration \n  \nAnaerobic Breakdown\n-In the absence of oxygen pyruvic acid is changed to: \nLactic acid in mammals \n-Alcohol (ethanol) and carbon dioxide in plants and fungi (such as yeast) \n-No further energy is produced \n-Giving a total of 2 molecules of ATP for anaerobic respiration. \n-Lactic acid in muscles leads to fatigue: \n-The reaction in animals is reversible – once oxygen is available the lactic acid is converted back to pyruvic acid. \n-The reaction in plants leading to alcohol is not reversible.
731579
Cyclic photophosphorylation exists to provide energy for the Calvin Cycle. It involves only the P680 in photosystem II. The product of the cyclic photophosphorylation is ATP and there is no electron source because all electrons return to the system.\n\nNon-cyclic photophosphorylation is carried out using both P700 in photosystem I and P680 in photosystem II. The primary electron source to replace the electron from photosystem I that has lost its electron is water. Oxygen is released from the water. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation produces both NADPH and ATP. Unlike cyclic photophosphorylation, the terminal electron acceptor is NADP+.
920961
Step 1 - ATP is invested by adding a P to glucose\n          Step 2 - Glucose-6-P is convertedinto Fructose-6-P\nStep 3 - A second ATP is invested \nStep 4 - The 6 carbon molecule issplit into two three carbon molecules.\nStep 4.5 - Dihydroxyacetone -P is converted into 3-P-glyceraldehyde\nStep 6 - every subsequent step occurs 2xNADH is produced as another P is added\nStep 7 - (2) ATP is recovered\nStep 8 - The P is moved from the 3-carbon to the 2-carbon\nStep 9 - A structural change is made\nStep 10 - (2) ATP is recovered\nStep 11 - NADH is produced anda CO2 is produced\n2 pyruvate are made from the process
711970
A) Aerobic respiration\n\nNeurons use an enormous amount of ATP to operate the Na+/K+ pump. Aerobic respiration produces an enormous amount of ATP (36 ATP per 1 glucose). Neurons therefore utilize aerobic respiration.\n\nThe other answers do not make sense. \n\nAnaerobic glycolysis provides very little ATP (2 ATP per 1 glucose). Creatine phosphate provides little ATP and is localized in the muscle. Stored glycogen only directly provides glucose for glycolysis. Catabolism of DNA would lead to the death of the organism, or at least mutagenesis.
59980
thats a pretty loaded question there...the best I can summarize is:\nglycolysis:\nglucose + 2ATP + 2NAD+ +4ADP + 2Pi= 2 pyruvate + 2 ADP + 2 NADH + 2H+ + 2ATP + 2H20\nthis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell\n\nKreb's/TCA/Citric Acid Cycle:\n3 NADH + FADH2 + 2CO2 for each turn of the cycle\nthis happens in the mitochondria\n\nETC:\nhappens in the mitochondrial matrix but is hard to explain without diagrams...basically you get +2.5ATP for each NADH that goes through and +1.5 ATP for each FADH2 that goes through
914156
6 CO2 + 12 NADPH + 12 H+ + 18 ATP → C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 12 NADP+ + 18 ADP + 18 Pi
958445
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis\n\nJust scroll down and look at reaction number 8 for the mechanism.
293996
I dont know what u mean by that but i could still help you.Did u mean this?\nCELLULAR RESPIRATION\n\nC6H12O6 + 6 O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP\ncheck out:\nwww.biology.about.com
735053
You can have anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration. The ultimate result is ATP. Anaerobic is done without oxygen (fermentation) and aerobic is done with oxygen,\n\nit starts with glycolosis which takes place in the cytoplasm. Glucose is turned into two pyruvates through a 10 reaction process meditated my enzymes. you produce one ATP and one NADH\n\nthen the pyruvates go into Krebs Cycle or the TriCarboxylic Acid Cycle and goes into the mitochondria. The pyruvate must be converted to acetyl Coenzyme A. then the acetyl Co A enters Krebs and continuously generates Oxaloacetate among other enery-rich compounds such as ATP, NADH and FADH2 with CO2\n\nthen final process is in the electron transport chain which takes place in the inner membrane if the mitochondria. In this process lots of H+ is pumped out of the membrane, which means that H+ is accumalated outside the inner matrix. then the concentration gradient causes a sudden influx of H+ back into the inner membrane which creates "proton-motive force" which zaps ADP+Pi= ATP. \n\nthe end result is 38 ATP for regular cells or 36 ATP for muscles and brain cells.\n\nOXYGEN IS REQUIRED!!! \n\nhope that helps\n\n*oh and ATP is a form of energy for the cell...
226496
A 5 carbon sugar (ribose), two adenosine particles, and three phosphate groups.\n\nHa Lol22 you obviously didn't pay attention in bio...ribose is the central particle in ATP, its bonded to the adenosine and phosphates.
147120
Aerobic glycolysis of glucose to pyruvate, requires two equivalents of ATP to activate the process, with the subsequent production of four equivalents of ATP and two equivalents of NADH. Thus, conversion of one mole of glucose to two moles of pyruvate is accompanied by the net production of two moles each of ATP and NADH. \n\nGlucose + 2 ADP + 2 NAD+ + 2 Pi -----> 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+\n\nThe NADH generated during glycolysis is used to fuel mitochondrial ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation, producing either two or three equivalents of ATP depending upon whether the glycerol phosphate shuttle or the malate-aspartate shuttle is used to transport the electrons from cytoplasmic NADH into the mitochondria. The net yield from the oxidation of 1 mole of glucose to 2 moles of pyruvate is, therefore, either 6 or 8 moles of ATP. Complete oxidation of the 2 moles of pyruvate, through the TCA cycle, yeilds an additional 30 moles of ATP; the total yield, therefore being either 36 or 38 moles of ATP from the complete oxidation of 1 mole of glucose to CO2 and H2O. Got it?
844885
i would think the mitochondria since ldh is essential in converting lactate to pyruvate which primarily accounts for atp synthesis in an anaerobic setting and mitochondria are the atp producers in the cell?
964937
Cellular respiration is the process in which the chemical bonds of energy-rich molecules such as glucose are converted into energy usable for life processes. Oxidation of organic material—in a bonfire, for example—is an exothermic reaction that releases a large amount of energy rather quickly. The equation for the oxidation of glucose is:\n\nC6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy released (2830 kJ mol−1) \nIn a fire there is a massive uncontrolled release of energy as light and heat. Cellular respiration is the same process but it occurs in gradual steps that result in the conversion of the energy stored in glucose to usable chemical energy in the form of ATP. ATP is known as the universal currency because when the phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP are hydrolyzed in an exergonic reaction, the energy yield is 30kJ per mole under standard conditions. Waste products (CO2 + H2O) are released through exhaled air, sweat and urine.
985705
E is the answer.   i think its about 2 produced during glycolysis,  30 or 32 from TCA cycle and another 2 from going from glycolysis to TCA