What is an abstract and how do I make one?
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an abstract is simply a fancy word for a summary, are you talking about science fair?\n\nbecause if you are, there is a set format for you to write it, its on the form. You have to talk about your hypothesis, problem, methods (briefly), and conclusion, and if you want, how this will affect our knowledge of the subject.
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http://abstractvb.com/code.asp?F=1&P=1&A=1032
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Try google seach - too complex to explaiun here.
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http://www.intuitive.com/coolweb/entities.html
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We need the notion of a parent class (from which we can inherit) that is prohibitted from being instantiated.\n\nThink about abstract classes as semicomplete generalised implementations that can not exist as objects on their own, they can only exist as parts of child objects. \n\nFor example, think of a "Shape" hierarchy with subclasses such as Rectangle, Circle, Line etc. As shapes share data and implementation (i.e. coordinates, ability to paint themselves) it makes sense generalising, that is, creating a parent class (Shape) that contains all common aspects of the shapes. So at this point "Shape" is just a superclass.\nIt does not make sense however being able to instantiate an object of the class Shape because it misses critical information. To prohibit it,we make the class an abstract class.\nFor quick info on abstract classes & methods look at:\nhttp://www.thanassis.com/java/java%20training%20course/java%20and%20object%20orientation.htm#JavaAbstractClasses\nhope it helps :)
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Abstract algebra is the field of mathematics concerned with the study of algebraic structures, such as groups, rings, fields, modules, vector spaces, and algebras.\nLinear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with the study of vectors, vector spaces (also called linear spaces), linear transformations, and systems of linear equations in finite dimensions.\nIn abstract algebra, a Boolean algebra is an algebraic structure (a collection of elements and operations on them obeying defining axioms) that captures essential properties of both set operations and logic operations. Specifically, it deals with the set operations of intersection, union, complement; and the logic operations of AND, OR, NOT.\n\nCollege algebra covers Algebraic operations, Equations and inequalities, Functions and their properties, Number systems and operations.\nThe easiest one is College Algebra
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The idea behind an abstract class is that you can't instantiate it. It is a class that is "missing" something.\n\nAre you familiar with how memory allocation works in Java? When a class is loaded the first time it needs to have some tables initialized - for instance, transfer tables for methods, and storage for static variables. Abstract classes are the same as any other class, the tables are initialized. When an object is created the memory is allocated for all its instance variables. Since an abstract class cannot be instantiated, its instance variables are not allocated directly. When a subclass object is created the memory for all superclass objects, including abstract superclasses, is created.\n\nSo it is actually in 2 places, once when the class is initially loaded and once when a subclass is instantiated.
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I think it's more properly called a research paper abstract.\n\nIt's a short summary of the findings of a research paper. A hundred pages in a hundred words, without citations, that kind of thing.
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it's easy to make a library - simply write one. i'd suggest you store it into a .js file and then you can access it easily across many websites/pages\n\ntypically a library consists of parameterized functions that would have global appeal, much as the javascript api functions themselves serve.\n\nmost likely what you need is already out there, but if you have special localized needs, then rock on. you're of course able to make different .js files if you have functions that you wish to selectively include as you need
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Do you mean the framework, or the common runtime language?
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go into 'program' and make a new one.  you can save from there for formulas and programs you make.  get the manual and it will explain more
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How to work it? It's not very difficult. You just need to write your code and compile it.\n\nUnfortunately I can't send you anything, but you can check out my first source for more information.
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No easily. Its opensource. Get the source comment out the lines that allow you get to the menu and recompile. (this is much more work than an average computer want to get into)
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try:\nhttp://www.computer.org\nhere you can find the abstract. To download full papers, ask you institution to help. Almost all the universities has a subscription for that, they will download it for you.
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APA formatting was hard for me at first, but after doing it over and over, i begun to understand it a bit more. What i ALWAYS find tedious and troublesome is when i have an abstract from a paper which features in a book with editors... i can never figure out how to lay that one out.. hehe :D
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Abstraction supports encapsulation.\n\nAbstraction is a way to access a given class via an alternative means / syntax. For example, in ASP.NET, there's a new abstraction layer for data access; instead of creating ADO-based connections and physically binding data to a given control programmatically, you can enter a tag that gives all the properties you want to use in binding your data, and the abstraction layer will do the "grunt" work for you.\n\nThat's possible because of encapsulation, which is taking many smaller parts and making them into a larger whole. For example, again in .NET, there are namespaces, organized by functionality, which contain classes, each of which performs a smaller task but, when combined with other classes and other namespaces, can do more work.\n\nFor example, in the System. Data. SqlClient namespace of .NET, there is a SqlConnection, which allows you to connect to a database; SqlCommand, which allows you to execute commands on the database once connected; SqlParameter, which allows you to specify parameters to be used as part of the SqlCommand; etc., etc.\n\nBy encapsulating all these functions in a single namespace, we can combine them for use as we need; we can be very specific in the manner in which we go about getting data, if we like.\n\nBy adding the abstraction layer to use a tag to employ these classes in this namespace, we can further simplify how we go about getting data for a specific task.
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Well, if you want to save yourself a lot of work, you can start by modifying one that already exists. Look, for instance, at Maxima (http://maxima.sourceforge.net/ ), and its integrate function. It's open-source, so you can look at the inside of the program to get an idea of how it works.