which set of terms below correctly pairs a generations of computers with a key innovation associated with pair
915504
Second Generation Computers (1956-1963) \n\nThe invention of Transistors marked the start of the second generation. These transistors took place of the vacuum tubes used in the first generation computers. First large scale machines were made using these technologies to meet the requirements of atomic energy laboratories. One of the other benefits to the programming group was that the second generation replaced Machine language with the assembly language. Even though complex in itself Assemly language was much easier than the binary code. \n\nSecond generation computers also started showing the characteristics of modern day computers with utilities such as printers, disk storage and operating systems. Many financial information was processed using these computers. \n\nIn Second Generation computers, the instructions(program) could be stored inside the computer's memory. High-level languages such as COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) and FORTRAN (Formula Translator) were used, and they are still used for some applications nowdays. \n\nThird Generation Computers (1964-1971) \n\nAlthough transistors were great deal of improvement over the vacuum tubes, they generated heat and damaged the sensitive areas of the computer. The Intergreated Circuit(IC) was invented in 1958 by Jack Kilby. It combined electronic components onto a small silicon disc, made from quartz. More advancement made possible the fitings of even more components on a small chip or a semi conductor. Also in third generation computers, the operating systems allowed the machines to run many different applications. These applications were monitored and coordinated by the computer's memory. \n\nFourth Generation (1971-Present) \n\nFourth Generation computers are the modern day computers. The Size started to go down with the improvement in the integerated circuits. Very Large Scale(VLSI) and Ultra Large scale(ULSI) ensured that millions of components could be fit into a small chip. It reduced the size and price of the computers at the same time increasing power, efficiency and reliability. "The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, took the integrated circuit one step further by locating all the components of a computer (central processing unit, memory, and input and output controls) on a minuscule chip." \n\nDue to the reduction of cost and the availability of the computers power at a small place allowed everyday user to benefit. First came the minicomputers, which offered users different applications, most famous of these the word processors and spreadsheets, which could be used by non-technical users. Video game systems like Atari 2600 generated the interest of general populace in the computers. \n\nIn 1981, IBM introduced personal computers for home and office use. "The number of personal computers in use more than doubled from 2 million in 1981 to 5.5 million in 1982. Ten years later, 65 million PCs were being used." Computer size kept getting reduced during the years. It went down from Desktop to laptops to Palmtops. Machintosh introduecd Graphic User Interface in which the users didnt' have to type instructions but could use Mouse for the purpose. \n\nThe continued improvement allowed the networking of computers for the sharing of data. Local Area Networks(LAN) and Wide Area Network(WAN), were potential benefits, in that they could be implemented in corporations and everybody could share data over it. Soon the internet aand World Wide Web appeared on the computer scene and formented the Hi-Tech revolution of 90's.\n\nFifth Generation (Present and Beyond) \n\nFifth generations computers are only in the minds of advance research scientiets and being tested out in the laboratories. These computers will be under Artifical Intelligence(AI), They will be able to take commands in a audio visual way and carry out instructions. Many of the operations which requires low human intelligence will be perfomed by these computers. \n\nParal
773338
Post Charles Darwin and his theory of evolution.\n\nDarwin's theory of evolution was a landmark in science, and hence is used as a time-line in referring to advances in similar areas.\n\nAs a similar reference for comparison\n\n"The computer is the greatest labour saving device in the post industrial era"\n\nThe industrial era is when labour saving machines began to proliferate - steam driven engines powering weaving machines etc.\n\nThe statement is saying since we have had labour saving devices the computer has saved more labour than any other machine.\n\nThe finding of the "missing link" would be the greatest discovery in the post Darwinian era.\n\nMeans:\n\nThe finding of the missing link would be the greatest boon to evolutionary science since Darwins theory of evolution.
185573
6th generation?  Reference?\n\n6th Gen computers have 8 Floating Point CPU registers
137686
Computers and family members.
357192
You're a little broad on this. are you talking about web designers, graphic designers, software designers, hardware designers? They all engineer a unique material that coexist with other elements to better suit the end users. :-)
428562
Supercomputer? That term is a bit outdated.\nFollow this link and you should be able to find everything you need.
841938
even-tech,memorable,eventual,
140741
Hopefully the Y2K "concern" forced us to look more to the future in regards to programming and data storage. I think all developments now are just building and improving on previous designs and processes, so there should be greater adaptability.
1062645
Owned by different companies based on different technology
1054129
science+new idea ----------> technology,products frm---------->used by society\nscience+new idea ----------> technology,draw backs of tech---------->Destroy  Environment
948226
With the current hardware technology about to reach its outer limits of physics will the next revolution be in streamlining software? \n\nI have worked in technology since the ‘60’s. In the 60’s it was not uncommon for a major company to run its payroll programs on machines with as little as 16 kilobytes of main memory. I know that the missions to the moon were calculated on computers with one megabyte of main memory or less. Today we are looking at machines with 4-8 gigabytes of memory and it takes 5-minutes just to boot up a PC. It looks like there is plenty of room to improve operating systems and applications.\n\nGranted today’s computers have slicker user interfaces and are easier to use by the general public, but they have become very inefficient users of software. The object code era has allowed really poor coding to become imbedded in most of today’s applications. \n\nOnce the hardware reaches the point where adding processors adds zero throughput won’t it be time to take a look at the sloppy code written over the past twenty-five to thirty years? Isn’t there room for a revolution in software redevelopment?
422403
First generation language was purely numerical machine code, meaning binary strings standing for a series of instructions often intermixed with data, it was the only way to Program the real first Generation computers that were developed around the 1950's. These were built from electronic valve technology. Consequently they were large, consumed a great deal of electrical power, and were not reliable enough for continuous operation.
261922
product\nprice\nplace\npromote
475823
I believe it will take a similar course as electronics and computer technology over the past century, with some of the same benefits as well as consequences.\n\nFirst, don't expect miracles.  Remember people were expecting robots to do and know virtually everything by 2000.  We have progressed a long way, but that was just unrealistic.  I predict nanotechnology within the next 20 years will be comparable to electronics before the discovery of the transistor.\n\nWithin 50 years, I predict something similar to the dot.com boom/bomb.  There will be some very amazing advancements which will spur investment into all kinds of faulty business models.  In the end, a lot of people will lose money but things will settle out at a higher economic level.\n\nAnd as nanotech gets into the hands of common folks, "hackers" will emerge.  I could only make wild guesses on what kind of hacking that would be, but it will be there.  I guarantee that.  Perhaps we will all need to install genetic firewalls to prevent hackers from hijacking our brains! :)
1020201
As regards future usefulness it is hard to beat Computing.\n\nBest of luck !
1158372
ofcourse new generation b/cos we information technology.
675236
Indoor plumbing, the transistor (without which there would be no digital electronics), plastics.  I would agree with the "wheel" answer, except that it came around long before the engineering profession and was probably invented by some caveman.  You could also include scientific principles that have been discovered and subsequently led to great engineering feats.  For instance, Maxwell's Laws of Electromagnetism (the principle on which all wireless devices work), Bernoulli's Principle (the basis for airplane wing design) and so on.