Why is the sun's corona the hottest layer when it is farther from the sun's core than other layers are?
931417
This is actually an unsolved question in solar physics.\n\nFirst off, \n- There is no carbon dioxide on the Sun, \n- There is no flame on the Sun\n- There is no fusion in the corona as it's the outermost layer of the sun, so the densities are too low for fusion to occur.\n\nNow, there are some good theories as to why the corona is 1-2 million degrees, but most of them involve waving your hands a lot and repeating the word "magnetic fields".\n\nThe basic idea is that the Sun is made of hot hydrogen gas.  Hot enough, in fact, to ionize that hydrogen and turn it into a plasma.  Now plasmas are electromagnetically charged...they move like a gas, but carry magnetic fields and electric currents...you can almost think of it as a metallic gas.\n\nBecause all this plasma is rotating with quite a good bit of angular momentum, it generates large magnetic fields in the Sun's interior (the details on this are still a bit sketchy, but we think we know how this works).  Now, as the plasma near the surface moves about like a gas would, it carries this magnetic field with it.    The magnetic field lines can get tied up and strengthened...it's a bit like storing energy in a rubber band.  When too much energy is stored, the magnetic field breaks (i.e. the rubber band snaps) and lets loose a solar flare.\n\nThese surface magnetic loops are a huge storage of energy, and form a sort of carpet over the photosphere of the Sun.  Low-density hydrogen plasma can get swept up into them, accelerated to very high temperatures, and get trapped as coronal gas in a magnetic "bottle".
634626
Well, it doesn't really.  We're pretty well protected by the VanAllen belts, and we're not really physically affected by any coronal radiation.  Might be a few more sunburns, that's all.
999593
Because they have land closest to the poles. Since our planet is tilted on its axis, the poles are the furthest from the sun and thus have the coldest average temperatures.\n\nOn the opposite side, the equator is often closest to the sun at all times and receives the most sunlight, leading to tropical temperatures throughout the year. Which is why south american and africa also have regions of tropical/desert climates.\n\nHope this sheds some light on things.
199309
In the summer we have the sun shining the most in our region and therefore making our weather hot. So cold fronts are not really noticed or in other words weak. In the case of warm fronts, well, it is already hot so...
523421
The simplest answer I can give you is that the air doesn't absorb much heat from the sun (sunlight passes through it), while the ground does (the exception is ozone, which does absorb more radiation, and thus higher up in the atmosphere, there is actually a warm layer).  So the ground is actually what is doing the heating, and the higher you go in the atmosphere, the further you are from the ground, the cooler the temperatures.\nOf course mountains are ground... but air at the same height mixes about quite a lot, so while air near a mountain might be a bit warmer... the air in other places at the same height is well above the ground, so it's cooler overall.\n\nIn addition, air cools as rises, a second reason why its cooler higher up in the troposphere.\n\n\nSpace is really really really cold!  It's for the same reason.  The light from the sun itself isn't hot... it's when its absorbed by something, which heats it up.\n\nHope this makes sense, let me know if there is anymore I can help with here,\nGod bless,\nShane
659288
are you asking for second layer from the bottom or form the top.\nFrom the bottom it is stratosphere, whichi houses the ozone layer. Many jet aircrafts fly in this layer because it is veru stable.\nFrom the top, it is the thermosphere. Auroras take place in this layer. It is also where the space shuttle orbits. It is also the layer in which space shuttles orbit.
624577
In the surface of the sun, the hydrogen and helium are get reacted and generate the heat energy. This power is a main reason to sun is very hot. Due to cenre of gravity all bodies get link with sun and rotate.
1148338
The sun is about 15 million degrees C. at its core and about 11000 degrees C. on its surface. Way too hot for anyone to get anywhere close to it.
453537
There are in fact many different atmospheric layers as you move upward away from the earth. However, there are NOT different layers of gases. All the gases are sort of mixed.\n\nThe troposphere, the atmospheric layer that we live in, contains the most gases. This is due to gravity. Anything that has mass will be attracted to earth's gravity.\n\nThat is why when you move away from the earth there is less air. Less gravity = less air!\n\nThe higher you go in the troposphere, the colder it gets. That is also due to less air (holds heat).\n\nThe next layer up is the stratosphere. This layer is where most jets fly & where the atmospheric ozone layer exists.\n\nTemperatures in the stratosphere will get warmer due to the ozone layer. Ozone is an insulator & traps heat.\n\nAs you move higher, you will reach the mesosphere. And, as you may have already guessed, this layer contains even less air. It also gets pretty darn cold as you move away from the ozone layer. "Shooting stars" occur in this layer. Meteorites burn up as they enter our atmosphere.\n\nThe last layer is called the thermosphere. It has the least amount of air. But the odd thing is that this is the hottest layer!!!\n\nSounds strange??? Well here is why...\n\nAlthough there is less air to hold heat, there is still some present. Mind you, it is few & far between. Imagine being in the Astrodome & someone across the field threw a BB at you! That is how sparse the air particles are.\n\nHowever, we have said there is air! That air that is present is constantly bombarded with nasty cosmic rays! By this time, here is so much energy in the air particles that the temperature is astronomical (no pun intended).\n\nBecause of this, the thermosphere is often called the "heat sphere", just as it's name implies.\n\nSatellites are put into orbit in the thermosphere.\n\nTo get directly to your question... there are different layers because scientists decided to name them according to temperature changes.
948421
The Sun is the most prominent feature in our solar system. It is the largest object and contains approximately 98% of the total solar system mass. One hundred and nine Earths would be required to fit across the Sun's disk, and its interior could hold over 1.3 million Earths. The Sun's outer visible layer is called the photosphere and has a temperature of 6,000°C (11,000°F). This layer has a mottled appearance due to the turbulent eruptions of energy at the surface. \nSolar energy is created deep within the core of the Sun. It is here that the temperature (15,000,000° C; 27,000,000° F) and pressure (340 billion times Earth's air pressure at sea level) is so intense that nuclear reactions take place. This reaction causes four protons or hydrogen nuclei to fuse together to form one alpha particle or helium nucleus. The alpha particle is about .7 percent less massive than the four protons. The difference in mass is expelled as energy and is carried to the surface of the Sun, through a process known as convection, where it is released as light and heat. Energy generated in the Sun's core takes a million years to reach its surface. Every second 700 million tons of hydrogen are converted into helium ashes. In the process 5 million tons of pure energy is released; therefore, as time goes on the Sun is becoming lighter. \n\n \n\nThe chromosphere is above the photosphere. Solar energy passes through this region on its way out from the center of the Sun. Faculae and flares arise in the chromosphere. Faculae are bright luminous hydrogen clouds which form above regions where sunspots are about to form. Flares are bright filaments of hot gas emerging from sunspot regions. Sunspots are dark depressions on the photosphere with a typical temperature of 4,000°C (7,000°F). \n\nThe corona is the outer part of the Sun's atmosphere. It is in this region that prominences appears. Prominences are immense clouds of glowing gas that erupt from the upper chromosphere. The outer region of the corona stretches far into space and consists of particles traveling slowly away from the Sun. The corona can only be seen during total solar eclipses. (See Solar Eclipse Image). \n\nThe Sun appears to have been active for 4.6 billion years and has enough fuel to go on for another five billion years or so. At the end of its life, the Sun will start to fuse helium into heavier elements and begin to swell up, ultimately growing so large that it will swallow the Earth. After a billion years as a red giant, it will suddenly collapse into a white dwarf -- the final end product of a star like ours. It may take a trillion years to cool off completely. \n\n\nSun Statistics \nMass (kg) 1.989e+30 \nMass (Earth = 1) 332,830 \nEquatorial radius (km) 695,000 \nEquatorial radius (Earth = 1) 108.97 \nMean density (gm/cm^3) 1.410 \nRotational period (days) 25-36* \nEscape velocity (km/sec) 618.02 \nLuminosity (ergs/sec) 3.827e33 \nMagnitude (Vo) -26.8 \nMean surface temperature 6,000°C \nAge (billion years) 4.5 \nPrincipal chemistry \nHydrogen\nHelium\nOxygen \nCarbon\nNitrogen\nNeon\nIron\nSilicon\nMagnesium\nSulfur\nAll others  \n92.1%\n7.8%\n0.061%\n0.030%\n0.0084%\n0.0076%\n0.0037%\n0.0031%\n0.0024%\n0.0015%\n0.0015% \n\n* The Sun's period of rotation at the surface varies from approximately 25 days at the equator to 36 days at the poles. Deep down, below the convective zone, everything appears to rotate with a period of 27 days. \n\n\nEclipse & Sun Movies\n\nSOHO - Halo Mass Ejection Event. \nSOHO - Halo Mass Ejection Event - Zoomed Out. \nSOHO - Explosive Coronal Mass Ejections from the Sun. \nSOHO-6 Comet at 2-6 solar radii from the Sun. \nSolar Magnetic Field Map \nMan's Fascination of the Sun. \nThe Sun's interior, photosphere, and corona. \nSun's magnetic field, prominences, solar wind, aurora. \nCorona Animation of Solar Prominences. \n1993-1994 animation of the Sun as seen in soft x-rays. \n1994 Eclipse. \nA QuickTime movie (15
218291
Lightning can heat nearby air up to even 10 times the temperature of the Sun's surface. Actually, the Sun's surface isn't so hot — some welding torches are hotter. ( The Sun's center, though, is 2500 times hotter: 15 million degrees Kelvin compared with 6 thousand degrees.)\n\nIt isn't the Sun's temperature, however, that accounts for the heat we feel on Earth. Rather, it's her size. The Sun has a surface area a hundred million billion times the surface area of a typical lightning bolt. We receive only 1 billionth of the Sun's energy. Even so, Earth gets much more energy from the Sun than from a lightning bolt over the same time period — a hundred million times more energy. \n\nOf course, close to the lightning strike, we can get blazing hot. Lightning striking a tree can set it afire. The distance to the target, however, must be small for us to feel the heat because lightning's radiant energy pales compared with the Sun
170430
I think - not sure just think- the sun is much bigger?!!!!\n\nand it is made of gas, helium! \nandddd it's so hot!
255712
The temperature at the centre of the sun is 15 million degrees Celsius, whilst temperatures on the edge of the sun can be as low as 4,000 degrees Celsius. \n\nIt may also interest you to know that a laboratory here on Earth has created a temperature of 510 million degrees Celsius, many times hotter than the hottest part of the sun.
231124
Sunspots are places where the sun's magnetic field has "kinked" and is poking upward above the sun's surface.  They are darker because they are cooler than the surrounding regions.  The gas is cooler because the magnetic "cork" blocks energy from flowing upward.\n\nThe kinks in the magnetic field happen because the sun is a "ball of gas" and does not rotate at the same rate at all latitudes.  Regions near the equator rotate faster than regions near the poles.  The magnetic field is dragged along, causing it to wind around the sun and developing the kinks which cause sunspots.
21533
The Sun's outer visible layer is called the photosphere and has a temperature of 6,000°C (11,000°F). This layer has a mottled appearance due to the turbulent eruptions of energy at the surface. \n\nSolar energy is created deep within the core of the Sun. It is here that the temperature (15,000,000° C; 27,000,000° F) and pressure (340 billion times Earth's air pressure at sea level) is so intense that nuclear reactions take place.
865349
Energy in the form of photons is generated in the sun's core. Photons like to take off at the speed of light, so they do. But they move only 1micron before running into(being absorbed by) a gas molecule. That's because the gas atoms at the center of the sun has a pressure of 250 billion times the earth atmosphere's sea level pressure. That is why gas atoms are so hard for photons to miss. But the gas atom gets so excited with the extra energy it carries from that hot photon that it lets go of another photon, that promptly runs into another gas atom. This emitting & absorption occurs 100 million trillion times PER YEAR.  You'd think all this elbowing going on that it would get to the sun's surface fairly quickly. But this radiative process takes from 30,000 to 200,000 years to make it only about 55% of the way to the sun's surface. But once it makes it to this higher convective layer of the sun(like the earth atmosphere's lower convective atmosphere), then the energy is transported fairly quickly to the sun's surface.
579263
The sun 'burns' hydrogen and turns it into helium and lots and lots of light and heat and other kinds of radiation. It's a giant unshielded nuclear fusion reactor, and it's only 93,000,000 miles away...don't forget your sunscreen.