who are the officials of the game volleyball and what are their functions /duties?
926970
There are two primary officials in volleyball.  The up judge and the down judge.  The up judge is the official who dictates points, blows the whistle to start play and calls tips, net violations and whatever other violations he sees.  The down judge is responsible for making sure there are not rotation violations, net violations or centerline violations and whatever other violations he sees.  The down judge is also responsible for keeping track of substitutions and permitting substitutions to occur.\n\nThere are quite often line judges.  They are responsible for calling in/out calls on their respective lines, foot faults and tips.  The up and down judges have the authority to overrule calls mad by the line judges.
142236
I don't know how fun this is to read, but Volleyball, depending on the type Beach or indoor is fun to play no matter what! \nFor Beach a team consists of 2 players, while in indoor it consists of six. \n\nI kno the rules for indoor a lot better considering I'm a player. Well the rules are pretty complicated as you get into it but the players rotate each time their team receives a new possession of the serve. There are three main types of serves, underhand, overhand and jump, with underhand being the easiest to learn. There are a series of moves. First there is the pass or the bump. Then there is the set and then there is the hit, attack or the spike. As you get into the sport more there are blocks, digs, pancakes and a lot of other technniques to keep the ball in play.
1072701
The most frustating part of sport competition are the judges. I think that somthing has to be done. Like adding referees in charge of different zones on the field. In football soccer, videos won't be of much help. If they determine after a review that a player wasn't offside, the adventage is lost.
222984
The NHL has four on ice officials, two referees and two linesmen, as well as a host of off ice officials (two goal judges, video replay judge, time keeper, etc). The referees are responsible for supervising all other officials. They may consult with the other officials, but they're decision is final. Linesmen handle face offs (they drop the puck), call offsides and penalties. They tell the referees what they saw and the ref makes the decision on the linesmen's call.
1098959
First off, if you are joining at the entry level, they will teach you all the basic rules and skills that you need.  But to be a bit more specific, volleyball is a team game which can be played with 2 to 6 members on the court.  A ball is served from behind the service line (the back line of the rectangle on the floor) and the other team receives the ball.  They have three hits to get the ball back to the other side, where that team will have three hits to get the ball back over.   The goal is to hit the ball to the other side, inside the boundaries, and have it hit the floor. This is how you score a point.  \n\nThere are many techniques and hits that you will learn.  It's a lot of fun and good exercise!  Have fun and enjoy!
944861
you have 2 line judges, their duties are to call the ball in or out, let the up ref know if the blocker touches the ball, and also looks for foot faults on the serve\n\nyou have a scorekeeper, this person keeps track of the score, as well as the correct server and any sanctions handed out by the up ref\n\nYou have a score flipper. this person is in charge of keeping the visible score for the players and aduiance to see. wether it's an electronical scoreboard or a flip scoreboard they operate it.\n\nYou have a down ref (or R2) their job is to check the receiving teams line up, to make sure that they are in proper line up before each serve. Then they watch the net for any net violations. They also assist the Up ref in making lifts, double contacts, in out calls, or anything else the up ref might see. They onyly blow a whistle for net violations and out of service errors. For all other calls they are only allowed to suggest their opinion to the up ref\n\nyou have a libero tracker, who does just that they track the libero. They note who the libero comes in for and who the libero comes back out.\n\nFinally you have the up ref or (R1) they control the game. The blow a whistle to start play, they make sure the serving team is in proper rotaion, they have the final say on all in out calls and can over rule any other work team members desicion.\n\nTo get a complete list of all the officials duties go to USAV official website and look up the rule book srction. If you purchase a rule book for $6.95 you will see the officials list of duties located within the 1st 15 pages or so.\nGood Luck with your assignment\nCoach Brian Allen\nGenerations Sports CLub\nAttleboro Ma 02703
970977
http://www.ragmuffin.com/books/sports/volleyba.htm\n\nBasic principles\n\nCoaching for volleyball can be classified under two main categories: match coaching and developmental coaching. The objective of match coaching is to win a match by managing a team's strategy. Developmental coaching emphasizes player development through the re-enforcement of basic skills during exercises known as "drills". Drills promote repetition and refinement of volleyball movements, particularly in footwork patterns, body positioning relative to others, and ball contact. A coach will construct drills that simulate match situations thereby encouraging speed of movement, anticipation, timing, and team-work. At the various stages of a player's career, a coach will tailor drills to meet the strategic requirements of the team.:-)\n\nhttp://www.mycoachonline.com/Volleyball/richardson/drillsandskills.lasso?UnqID=0510NCAGNH
597684
The man who has refereed most matches is Frenchman Joël Quiniou. He was in charge of 8 matches between 1986-1994
1061590
It depends on their level of experience in the game. Referees who have been players or coaches or both tend to do a better job. Similarly, players who have been referees or coaches who have reffed or played all do better.
1182329
This has happened several times throughout the history in football. These days - in additon to a referee and two referee's assistants - there is a "4 official" and a replacement. In such circumstances, the 4th official will replace the referee,with the standby replacement taking over the duties of the 4th official.\nIn the olden days, a linesman would take over the duties of the referee, and there has been cases, where they have had to request spectators who are qualified referees to make themselves known and be a linesman.
339388
(m)\n\nThe basic rules of the game of volleyball are actually quite simple. A team must score 15 points to win a game. However, a team must win by at least two points. For example, a game that is at 15-14 must continue until one team has a two point lead. Depending on the age level or league, either the best two-of-three or the best three-of-five games wins the match.\n\nOnly the team serving the ball can score a point. If they score, they continue serving. If they fail to score, a "side out" is called and the other team gets the serve. The game is played with six players on a side, three in the front and three in the back. The player on the right side in the back row is the server.\n\nUnlike other sports, in volleyball a player gets to play all six positions. Each time the team gets the ball back to serve, the players rotate one position. They move clockwise during the entire match. Which ever player moves into the right back position, gets to be the next server.\n\nThe server must hit the ball either underhand or overhand with one hand from the serving area, behind the endline. The ball must clear the net and come down in bounds on the other side. It cannot touch the net, or a player on the server's side. If the serve is good, and the other team fails to return it, the serving team gets a point and the same player serves again. If the serve is not good, or the serving team fails to return the ball, the other team gets a "side out" and also gets the serve. They do not score a point.\n\nThe ball must always be hit before it lands on the court. Each team is allowed up to three hits to return the ball, however the third hit must put the ball over the net. A player is not allowed to hit the ball twice in a row. The ball may be hit with the hands, fists, arms, or any part of the body from the waist up. Catching, scooping or carrying the ball are all not allowed. Some of the most common fouls are reaching over the net to play a ball, a player crossing the center line when the ball is in play, touching the net during play, and a player out of position on the court
106657
Badminton uses a judge I think. I think Volletball does as well. Tennis may also have a judge to watch the net and serves. Not 100% on this. Football has the Refferee but also has a back judge, line judge, field judge and side judges. Each official in American football watches a different part of the field to ensure no penalties take place. They are usually very good about their jobs except during Superbowls like this last catastrophe Superbowl 40. YUCK!!!!
1025720
Those who say that the fourth official determines the stoppage time are incorrect.  The 4th official merely indicates to the public (using his board) the amount of time the referee has decided to add on.\n\nFIFA Law 7 states that the referee acts as timekeeper and must add on time to compensate for time lost through injury, substitution, time wasting, or any other cause.
121592
eh? good ... but does this got to do with volleyball?
438651
First you need to understand all the rules of the game being played or it will just look like weird anarchy interrupted by officials stopping the flow for mysterious reasons. Then all the terminology and jargon associated with the sport. Then the history of each sport to provide context as the commentators are always referencing this or that last season or 20 years ago. Then the players and on and on. But start with the rules or all the rest will not mean anything.
616957
Perhaps  the referee??
828523
Volleyball Basic Rules\n\nTHE SERVE\n\n( A ) Server must serve from behind the restraining line ( end line ) until after contact.\n\n( B ) Ball may be served underhand or overhand.\n\n( C ) Ball must be clearly visible to opponents before serve.\n\n( D ) Served ball may graze the net and drop to the other side for point.\n\n( E ) First game serve is determined by a volley, each subsequent game shall be served by the previous game loser.\n\n( F ) Serve must be returned by a bump only. no setting or attacking a serve.\nSCORING\n\n   1. Rally scoring will be used.\n   2. There will be a point scored on every score of the ball.\n   3. Offense will score on a defense miss or out of bounds hit.\n   4. Defense will score on an offensive miss, out of bounds hit, or serve into the net.\n   5. Game will be played to 25 pts.\n   6. Must win by 2 points.\n\nROTATION\n\n( A ) Team will rotate each time they win the serve.\n\n( B ) Players shall rotate in a clockwise manner.\n\n( C ) There shall be 4-6 players on each side.\nPLAYING THE GAME ( VOLLEY )\n\n( A ) Maximum of three hits per side.\n\n( B ) Player may not hit the ball twice in succession ( A block is not considered a hit ).\n\n( C ) Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on serve.\n\n( D ) A ball touching a boundary line is good.\n\n( E ) A legal hit is contact with the ball by a player body above and including the waist which does not allow the ball to visibly come to a rest.\n\n( F ) If two or more players contact the ball simultaneously, it is considered one play and the players involved may not participate in the next play.\n\n( G ) A player must not block or attack a serve.\n\n( H ) Switching positions will be allowed only between front line players. ( After the serve only ).\nBASIC VIOLATIONS\n\n( A ) Stepping on or over the line on a serve.\n\n( B ) Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully.\n\n( C ) Hitting the ball illegally ( Carrying, Palming, Throwing, etc. ).\n\n( D ) Touches of the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play. If the ball is driven into the net with such force that it causes the net to contact an opposing player, no foul will be called, and the ball shall continue to be in play.\n\n( E ) Reaching over the net, except under these conditions:\n\n1 - When executing a follow-through.\n\n2 - When blocking a ball which is in the opponents court but is being returned ( the blocker must not contact the ball until after the opponent who is attempting to return the ball makes contact). Except to block the third play.\n\n( F ) Reaches under the net ( if it interferes with the ball or opposing player ).\n\n( G ) Failure to serve in the correct order.\n\n( H ) Blocks or spikes from a position which is clearly not behind the 10-foot line while in a back row position:-)