When two electrodes in a solution are closer together why is the current stronger?
931066
I am assuming the electrodes are two large parallel plates, facing each other, separated by a distance (d).  When you apply a voltage (V) across, there will be an electric field created between the plates, which will be :\n\nE = V / d\n\nThe smaller d, the higher the electric field.\n\nThe higher electric field will produce a higher acceleration in the ions, which will result in higher average ion velocities\n\nSince current is the rate of flow of charge, higher velocity will be seen as higher current.
469936
quite high but the HF will dissolve the electrode lol
1015592
An ampere is a measure of current -- how much electricity is passing through your wire at any given time.  An ohm is a measure of resistance -- how much is the wire resisting the flow electricity through the wire.  Although many electrical engineers frown on this analogy, I find it useful: Think of your wire as a big garden hose.  You turn on the water and charge the hose.  The water pressure is kind of analogous to voltage -- it's the difference between the pressure at the source and the open end of the hose, and is a measure of potential between the two points.  Amperage is kind of like flow rate -- how many gallons a minute are you getting out of that hose?  And resistance is a measure of the friction slowing the flow down, as well as any back-pressure if you stuck your finger over the end or if the hose develops a kink.  If you got a bigger hose, you could obviously move more water and it is less likely to get constricted (thicker wire means it can handle more amps, and has less resistance to flow) but you'd have to have a bigger pressure source to push that much water through it (needs a higher voltage to maintain the same level of current through a thicker wire)  Does that help?
1159791
Sometimes. For instance, in circuit feeding a half-wave rectifier the impedance is much higher in one direction than the other.\n\nBut in general the impedances should closely match. IN fact, the electric system designed to have closely matched impedances.
981166
I assume that you mean that the resistance of the solution kkeps rising with time. If you are using a Dc based system, then depending on the conductivity (1 over the resistance) electrolysis products may be building up at the electrodes and increasing the resistance. A yourself a good conductivity meter and this should eliminate the problem.\n\nThe resistance of a solution will dpend on the area of your electrodes, the distance bewteen them ,the concentration of dissolved salts in the water and the solution temperature. You will have a few things you will need to keep standard.
158260
Need more information. Why are you people bellow suggesting you can just increase current?, you cannot if your load (resistance/impeadance) and voltage remain the same. Current is the result, Voltage and resistance are the only two forces that can be manipulated directly. Just because you read something, doesn't mean it can be applied in the real world.
884612
Because electrodes are either reducing agents or oxidizing agents, meaning, either of them are willing to give or recieve electrons. Cathodes are willing to donate electrons. Anodes are willing to take electrons. These are their chemical properties. If they do not have these properties, they wont be good electrodes. Now since ions are charged, they are less stable. To achieve stability, an ion, say a cation, will need to go to the cathode where the material is more than willing to give out extra electrons. Because of the electron donation, the cation will then be nuetral, thus more stable. Nature always favors the more stable.
758851
This is because the nuclear attraction over the electrons increases.\nRemember Coulombs law of electro_nuclear forces.
454802
it's basically from the movement of electron transfer from one of the metal to the other. to know the flow of electrons from which metal to which, u need to know their standard reduction potentials
14403
It's because of the number of valence electrons they have. They are both willing to give 3 electrons away (which is why the have a negative three charge), so they also share the same affinity for electrons.
173205
If you say that C is correct and I agree, this is because in the diagram you see that U is the positive end of the battery,  and thus at a higher potential. V is the negative end and thus less(zero). At W, the potential is same as V because there is no resistance(negligible) in the wire. \nAs R is directly proportional to resistance potential, thus X is at a higher potential. Then, Y is same as X, and Z is higher than Y because of the same reason.
471231
If the bundle diameter is the same and the individual wires are round in cross-section, then obviously the area of wire metal in the cross section is less in the bundle than in the solid wire so the bundle has a higher resistance. But let's say you mean that the bundle is enough larger in diameter that the metal areas of both cross sections are equal as assumed by answer 2. Suppose there are N strands in the bundle and the solid wire has a resistance R. Then each strand's resistance is N*R. Contrary to answer 2 (if I am reading it correctly), it makes no difference if the individual wires are connected side-by-side or not, as long as they are connected together at each end. Connecting them thus in parallel makes the bundle's resistance equal to R. Since the strands are identical in resistance and therefore carry the same current, the voltage at any distance along one strand is exactly the same as at the same distance along any other strand. Connect them together at that point and what happens? No change in current flow because no change in voltage, and therefore no change in resistance.
655581
In the redox-series Mn(0)/Mn(2+) has E(0) = -1,18 Volt and Pb(0)/Pb(2+) has E(0) = -0,13 Volt.\n\nThis means, that Mn is a stronger reducing agent than Pb; if you would do an electrolysis of two salts in a solution, one salt  being e. g. MnCl2 and the other one PbCl2, first the cathode would be covered by Pb-metal and after all Pb(2+)-ions are gone from the solution, then the cathode would start to be covered by Mn-metal. At the anode would run an oxidation process developing chlorinegas from the chloride-ions having a redoxpotential E(0) = +1,40 Volt, which depending on pH-value of the solution might react to hypochlorite-ions OCl(-). But also in parallel and depending on the applied voltage of your experiment some Mn(2+)-ions in the region of the anode could even be oxidized to permanganate-ions MnO4(-) having a redox-potential of E(0) = +1,51 Volt and giving that area a violet color.\n\nReferring to elements the strongest reducing agent is Li-metal having a redox-potential of E(0) = -3,03 Volt. But you can create an even stronger reducing agent: the electrode, because its redox-potential can be adjusted by the voltage which you apply.
1015158
initailly it was believed that current flows from+ve to -ve. but actually its electrons moving from -ve to +ve. so it became - current flows from +ve to -ve (thoritically) electrons from -ve to +ve (actually)\n\nhope that answeres
941082
If you consider 2 nodes in a circuit, node A and node B, and you consider that node A has a higher potential than node B, then the current between A and B is 0.30 A, but the current between Node B and Node A is -0.30 A. See Kirchoff's laws.
810698
1. VERY PURE water is a poor conductor of electricity. However, very small \namounts of impurities, especially salts, greatly increase the electrical\nconductivity of water.\n2. The main carriers of electrical current are dissolved ions. If a \nbattery is connected to a container of water so that\nthe (+) and (-) poles of the battery are immersed in the water, the\npositive ions will migrate toward the (-) pole and the negative ions will\nmigrate toward the (+) pole (electrical opposites attract). This closes the\n"switch" and electric current flows through the solution.\n3. Different ions can help carry the electric current, some more / some \nless, depending upon their electrical charge and their size. More highly charged, \nsmaller ions are more efficient carriers of the electrical current.\n4. The higher the concentration of ions, the greater is the conductance of \nthe solution.\n5. There is a complication however, the water and / or certain of the ions \nmay undergo a chemical reaction to one or the other, or both of the electrodes.\nYou may not want to introduce this in the beginning but it does happen.\n6. None of the ion electrical current carriers of salts dissolved in water \nare as mobile as "free" electrons in a metal are. And the differences are very\nlarge. For example, if the conductivity of  VERY PURE WATER is 0.000004\nconductivity units, the conductivity of a saturated solution of common\ntable salt NaCl is 23 conductivity units, and the conductivity of a typical\nmetal such as copper wire is 60, 000, 000 conductivity units. So while the\nions in a dissolved salt behave something like "free" electrons, they are\nvery slow and sluggish moving. \nCompletely demineralized water actually does not conduct electricity, and is\nwidely used as a coolant in high powered radio amplifiers.  However, when\nexposed to even small amounts of impurities, (even normal air), It becomes a\nfair conductor.  It is not the water conducting this electricity so much as\nthe dissolved minerals in it.  Some of these minerals are decent insulators\nthemselves, but when dissolved in water still allow conduction because the\nmolecules are now free to move around.\nIn ionic liquids these electrons remain \nstuck to big, round atoms,\nand these atoms do the swimming around, relatively slowly, dragged by \ntheir electric charge.\nSort of a ball and chain thing.\nElectrons in metal are "free"; they slip rather freely across all the \natoms, and do not need to drag one around with them.\nSo, carrier mobilities in ionic liquids are some orders of magnitude lower \nthan carrier mobilities in metals.\nSo their resistance is higher.\nIf you had a snail-trail of salt-water or molten salt with the same length \nand cross-section as a metal wire,\nit would use up half the voltage and get hot trying to pass one tenth the \ncurrent the wire can handle.\nIn a metal, each metal atom contributes about one mobile electron that \nhelps the current flow.\nIn molten salts like NaCl, every atom has a + or - charge and contributes \nto the current flow.\nSo there are just as many carriers per unit volume as in a metal.\nBut in water-solutions of salts, the salt is a minority.\nUsually less than 10%  of the solution is ions, so that makes the \nconductivity even poorer.\nThat is part of why we will never make our power lines out of seawater in \npipes.
491001
Homework, huh?\n\nWell, it's because K+ contains more electrons than the Na+. Which means that K+ has 3 layers of electrons (filled in the 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6) while while Na+ has only 2 layers of Electrons (1s2 2s2 2p6)