During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made for each original DNA strand. ..?
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Thymine pairs with Guanine.\nCytosine pairs with Adenine.\n\nThus, the complementary strand would be GGATCGA.
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Restriction enzymes, also called restriction nucleases (EcoRI in this example) , surrounds the DNA molecule at the point it seeks(sequence GAATTC). It cuts one strand of the DNA double helix at one point and the second strand at a different, complementary point (between the G and the A base). The separated pieces have single stranded "sticky-ends," which allow the complementary pieces to combine. \n\nThe newly joined pieces are stabilized by DNA ligase.\n\nEcoRI, one of many restriction enzymes, is obtained from the bacteria Escherichia coli.
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Yes, DNA is a polymer composed of four different nucleotides. The nucleotides are composed of phosphate and the sugar 2' deoxyribose, which make up the backbone of a molecule of DNA, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C). Bases on opposite DNA strands can form hydrogen bonds (A with T, and G with C), which hold the double-stranded molecule together. Polymerization of DNA occurs through the enzyme DNA polymerase, which catalyzes the synthesis of one of the DNA strands using the other strand as a template.
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DNA is a double helix, has deoxyribose sugar, and the nitrogen base thymine.\n\nRNA is a single strand, has ribose sugar, and the nitrogen base uracil (instead of thymine).
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a molecule of DNA is made of a double helix of nucleotides.  Inside the cells this double helix is untwisted and spread apart by different enzymes and "read"  These nucleotides that make up the double helix is uncoded in sets of threes to code for different amino acids.  When the amino acids come together they make up different proteins.  So short story short, information is stored in a molecule of DNA by a code of nucleotides.
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Dna undergoes replication first at that time the dna gets translated into protien
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You get a continuous and discontinuous strand because DNA polymerase only makes DNA in 1 direction (5` to 3`).  The continuous strand is in that orientation anyway, so you get a nice long replication.  The opposit strand is oriented 3` to 5` relative to the polymerase, so the replication has to be broken down into multiple, short, 5` to 3` segments so that replication can occur within the same polymerase macromolecule.\n\nI had to mention  DNA polymerase, it's really impossible to explain this without saying something about how it works :P I did leave out RNA primers though!  If anyone else is curious, the RNA primers are the site of the initiation of replication of each little Okazaki fragment.
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The structure of DNA is a double helix, which can most efficiently be split into two new strands when the DNA is getting ready to copy the DNA, because it "unwinds." Another important part of the structure is the hydrogen bond that connects the complimentary bases. When DNA splits into individual strands, these bonds are broken, and you now have two strands with complimentary bases. RNA can then be created by using these individual bases, which is how DNA gets its message out of the nucleus (since it's too large in size to fit through the pores in the nuclear envelope).\n\nSo... I assume this is correct. It's how my Biology teacher explained it to me. I'm not sure if it really answered your question, but I hope it helped a little, instead of confusing you.
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Usually described as about 2 meters for all of the dna in one human cell.  This actually consists of many separate strands of dna.
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Before a cell divides (that is, undergoes mitosis or meiosis), the DNA strands in the cell nucleus replicate, so that each chromatin strand is double. Chromatin condenses before cell division and becomes visible as chromosomes; each chromosome has "twin" strands that appear as arms, these identical copies of the DNA molecule are the chromatids, united to each other at the centromere. \nDuring cell division, they will become separated (due to centromere duplication) and each sister chromatid will go to one of the descendant cells, so that the same genetic information from each chromosome is passed on to the descendant cells.
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Helicase is an enzyme (protein) used when replicating DNA.
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Polymerases are enzymes that use an existing template to synthesize a new strand of nucleic acid.  The enzyme can read single strands of DNA, and synthesize a complementary strand of DNA (DNA replication), or RNA (mRNA synthesis, known as transcription).  \n\nThe DNA strand that is read is referred to as the SENSE strand, and the POLYMERASE enzymes use this template, and free deoxyribonucleotides (or just ribonucleotides) to synthesize a new strand of DNA (or RNA).  Note that REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE is an enzyme found in cells (especially RNA viruses) that synthesizes DNA based on a RNA template.
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How is Recombinant DNA made? \nThere are three different methods by which Recombinant DNA is made. They are \nTransformation, Phage Introduction, and Non-Bacterial Transformation. Each \nare described separately below. \n\nTransformation\nThe first step in transformation is to select a piece of DNA to be inserted \ninto a vector. The second step is to cut that piece of DNA with a restriction \nenzyme and then ligate the DNA insert into the vector with DNA Ligase. The insert contains a selectable \nmarker which allows for identification of recombinant molecules. An antibiotic \nmarker is often used so a host cell without a vector dies when exposed to a certain \nantibiotic, and the host with the vector will live because it is resistant. \n\nThe vector is inserted into a host cell, in a process called transformation. One \nexample of a possible host cell is E. Coli. The host cells must be specially \nprepared to take up the foreign DNA. \n\nSelectable markers can be for antibiotic resistance, color changes, or any other \ncharacteristic which can distinguish transformed hosts from untransformed hosts. \nDifferent vectors have different properties to make them suitable to different \napplications. Some properties can include symmetrical cloning sites, size, and \nhigh copy number. \n\nNon-Bacterial Transformation\nThis is a process very similar to Transformation, which was described above. The \nonly difference between the two is non-bacterial does not use bacteria such as E. Coli \nfor the host. \n\nIn microinjection, the DNA is injected directly into the nucleus of the cell being \ntransformed. In biolistics, the host cells are bombarded with high velocity \nmicroprojectiles, such as particles of gold or tungsten that have been coated \nwith DNA. \n\nPhage Introduction\nPhage introduction is the process of transfection, which is equivalent to transformation, \nexcept a phage is used instead of bacteria. In vitro packagings of a vector is used. \nThis uses lambda or MI3 phages to produce phage plaques which contain recombinants. \nThe recombinants that are created can be identified by differences in the \nrecombinants and non-recombinants using various selection methods.
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new DNA...i dont know in new DNA but normal DNA is composed of sequences of Nucleotides which are molecules of sugar, Phosphate and a Nitric substance... sequences of predetermined Nucletides make genes...Humans have 46 chromosomes so we have 46 DNA Molecules....\n\nThis si complicated i could talk about 3 hours of DNA...why do u want to know that...this is advanced Molecular biology
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In DNA, the bases always appear in complimentary pairs - a DNA molecule is a double-strand of bases.  In this case, each C has a G stuck to it, so the # of each type will be the same.\n\nRNA is a single stranded molecule, so there are no matched pairs and there is no reason for the amount of any two bases to match.
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Chromosome Terms before and after DNA Duplication (Replication)\nNote: Duplication and replication mean exactly the same thing.\n• An unduplicated chromosome is one chromosome. A chromosome more or\nless consists of two arms that extend from a narrow "centralized" region called\nthe centromere. The centromere region is often visible when chromosomes\nduplicate.\n• When a chromosome duplicates, it becomes one duplicated chromosome,\nand the two copies remain attached to each other. Note it is still one\nchromosome.\n• The two exact copies of the duplicated chromosome, which remain attached by\nthe protein cohesin, are called "sister" chromatids. They are identical to\neach other. It is essential that you remember this!\n• At the centromere region of the duplicated chromosome, structures (made of\nprotein and DNA) called kinetochores form during division. The three-layered\nkinetochores attach to microtubules of the spindle during mitosis. The\nkinetochores of the two sister chromatids face in opposite directions.\nKinetochore – TEM\n• After the identical sister chromatids are separated during mitosis, each (called\na "daughter" chromosome now) becomes a single unduplicated chromosome\nagain.\nRemember: A chromatid must be attached to its identical chromatid and the two sister\nchromatids comprise one duplicated chromosome. "Sister" chromatids are not two\nchromosomes. They are one duplicated chromosome that consists of two identical\nchromatids. Once sister chromatids are separated they are no longer chromatids!
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The function of DNA is to allow an organism or cell to synthesize proteins and to pass that cell's/organism's characteristic to future generations of both cells (mitosis) and offspring (meiosis) \n\nIn protein synthesis, the vast DNA base pair sequence contains the blueprints for every protein produced by the body.  Through transcription of certain genes by RNA polymerase a strand of mRNA is produced.  This mRNA then exits the nucleus and enters the ribosome.  There, with the help of tRNA, the ribosome "reads" the mRNA and constructs a chain of amino acids until a complete protein is produced.  \n\nIn order to make sure future cells have the exact genetic makeup of parent cells, DNA Polymerase unzips the double helix and makes an identical copy of the entire DNA sequence.  During mitosis, these identical chromatids separate, and the cell divides into two daughter cells with identical DNA.