whare are solution caves in carbonate rock?
915724
the form just about everywhere in the world.  slightly acidic water (which most rain water is...it picks up CO2 on the way down....and makes a mild carbonic acid) dissolves limestone over long amounts of time.   it also happens with dolomite, marble, and gypsum....and it can happen with sandstone, as well - in the case of sandstone, carbonates act as a binder.
704222
rain water is mildly acidic (carbonic acid) and so will dissolve minerals found in rock.  For example, if you look at an old building made from limestone the corners will be slightly round and the surface will be pitted.  This is because limestone is made from calcium carbonate which is easily dissolved by acids.\nThis is also the same effect which produces limstone caves and why the surface of rocks appear discoloured and weathered.
962846
heyyy iam from Trinidad! ummm i visited these caves there i forgot what they are called but it was really cool and you should go to maracas beach that beach is awesome eat shark and bake very good ! have fun.
80631
I am not sure I understand your question so I will answer it two ways. Fossils are found in sedimentary rock because they originate as living organisms, and their remains will be carried away or buried by the same processes that create sedimentary rocks. Windblown sand will build and move sand dunes, moving water will transport sediment, gravity will cause piles of rock to build up at the base of mountains, and all sorts of sediment and remains will settle to the bottom of the sea. All are possible sedimentary rocks. Since igneous rocks were once melted, and metamorphic rocks undergo chemical changes from heat and pressure, it is not possible to find fossils in these rocks. \n\nMy second answer is how sedimentary rocks (and fossils) end up in layers. Many of the processes that move the sediment, like wind, flowing water, and some gravity driven events, only happen periodically. Storms create windstorms, heavy rainfall causes rivers to flood, and often things like heavy rain will trigger a sudden landslide. These events are distinct, and each one will create a new layer of deposits somewhere. Another way these layers are created is that rivers will often change course due to changes in flow. This will cause areas that have accumulated sand to now be covered by silt or shale when the river overflows its new channel. As the river builds a delta outward into the ocean, the part of the delta where the river first meets the ocean will deposit sand, while clays and silt are carried further out into the ocean. This will create layers of shale that are later covered by sand. Within each of these layers fossils of any organism that died while those were being deposited will be trapped, and the fossils in turn can be used to calculate the age of those deposits. Every layer of a sedimentary rock represents some event in the history of the earth. \n\nIn limestone, which has a very high content of fossils, the reason for this is that the limestone is built by the accumulation of the body parts left behind by those organisms. The fossils in limestone may not be transported at all, and instead may be in same place the organism lived (in relation to the immediate rock). Layers in limestone are more often created by rising and falling of sea level. As sea level raises many organisms that end up as limestone will die off. They will then be covered by a layer of sediment falling from the overlying water, and if sea level drops again, new organisms will begin to colonize the shallower water and build another layer of limestone.
950237
they are called aquifers
851560
solution...Bicarbonate and sodium. :)
364418
Wow, what a question... This was the best I could come up with...\n\n"The characteristics of granitoid-related tungsten deposits hosted in siliceous (carbonate-free) rocks (e.g., Panasqueira, Cligga Head, Pasto Bueno) are reviewed and the ranges of physicochemical parameters of the ore-forming fluids are summarized. The two important tungsten minerals in these deposits are wolframite and scheelite, which were deposited mostly between 200° and 500°C and 200 and 1,500 bars. The salinities of the mineralizing fluids were typically less than 15 wt percent but commonly were significantly higher (up to 55 wt %). The two predominant dissolved components are Na+ and Cl– with subordinate Ca2+, K+, and carbonate species (/HCO3–). The contents of CO2 are highly variable, but XCO2 values typically range from 0 to 0.1. Limited pH and fO2 estimates indicate a moderately acidic fluid with oxygen fugacities between those of the QFM and HM buffers. These parameters were used to guide solubility and speciation modeling of W in hydrothermal fluids in granitoid environments."\n\nThanks for expanding my thinking!
838558
Of course. Take any compound that is not very soluble in water.\nThe saturated solution will have a very low concentration of this compound. E.g a saturated solution of CaCO3 is approximately 5.8*10^-5 M
295930
Cave maps are often difficult to obtain because they are made by private groups of individuals that have built considerable expertise and experience, and have strong ethics about protecting underground environments. \n\nIf you own land that has a cave on it you may be able to get help from cavers who contact you about visiting the cave, contact the SEMO Grotto which I have listed below. \n\nOtherwise, your best resource is going to be contacting the local chapters of the National Speleological Society. If they feel you have a valid need for a map, and trust you they may share their maps with you. Keep in mind that since the maps are private property, they may not be willing to share the information. \n\nIf you are a sport caver and would like to learn more about caving I suggest you join the National Speleological Society and find a local grotto to join as well.\nThe NSS is at:\nhttp://www.caves.org/\nThe Grottos active in Perry County are:\nSEMO Grotto in Perryville:\nhttp://semogrotto.com/\nMeramac Valley Grotto in Saint Ann, MO\nhttp://www.meramecvalleygrotto.org/\nLittle Egypt Grotto in Carbondale IL:\nhttp://home.globaleyes.net/carbide/\nMiddle Ozark Lower Earth Society in AR\nhttp://www.caves.org/io/iolookup.php?ionum=000286
733767
Groundwater dissolves the rock underground.  This mainly occurs in carbonates because they are common and easily dissolved.
58110
It is quite simple really. There is no 'theory' as some of the posts have indicated. The earth is composed of a number of large plates, which move constantly (the Pacific Ocean today is spreading at 4-5 cm per year). As these plates move, they sometimes slide under one another. As this happens, the upper plate is lifted. This moves rock that was deposited in an ocean environment slowly upwards and often to the top of mountains. The process takes millions of years, so it is likely the rocks that contain the shells on the top of the mountain your husband refers to are tens of millions of years old, or older. \n\nA perfect example is Mount Everest, which has carbonate rocks (with shells) at the peak. Other examples are many parts of the Rocky Mountains in North America, and the Alps in Europe. The Sierra's in California also contain carbonate rocks in many places that did in fact originate in what is now the Pacific Ocean. It is not rare and not mysterious or theoretical. \n\nThe names of these processes, in case you want to learn more, are plate tectonics (previously called continental drift), subduction (one plate under another), orogeny (mountain building), and carbonate sedimentology( deposition of carbonate rocks).  I'm including some links with basic explanation of the concepts. \n\nAnimated illustrations of plate tectonics:\nhttp://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/tectonics.html\n\nIllustration of subduction:\nhttp://www.platetectonics.com/book/page_12.asp\n\nOrogeny:\nhttp://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/platetec/orogeny.htm\n\nCarbonate sedimentology (great pictures of carbonates in mountains (sea shells):http://epswww.unm.edu/sed/home.htm\nOther carbonate sedimentology links:\nhttp://www.unige.ch/sciences/terre/geologie/w_groups/carbonate_sedimentology/webmain.html\n\nIf you want to see my explanation for how sea shells form in the ocean go to this question:\nhttp://answers.yahoo.com/question/index;_ylt=AiyMjODIRNiCqQ3uGA0_ICPsy6IX?qid=1006011004317
974717
Simple answer?\n\nC - Groundwater\n\nWater and air fill the spaces down to the zone of saturation, i.e. the water table, though its not really a flat surface in the ground. As one goes deeper, saltwater encroaches becoming brines.\n\nIn some areas where the geology is right and structural traps exist in the formations, oil and natural gas can occupy fractures and pore spaces.
16100
It is interesting that there are conflicting answers on the web (see references).  Some sources say it is more dangerous in a cave, but most claim it is less dangerous in a cave. I would expect that the rock around the cave would be at least partially conductive, and would act like a Faraday cage (like a car but better), so a cave would be a relatively safe place to be, especially away from the mouth of the cave, as long as it wasn't subject to flash floods.\n\nThe third reference claims the main risk in caves is the water, which creates a conductive path through the cave.
406328
Okay listen carefully,\n\nOil is not found in caves for Heaven's sake! Oil is found inside porous permeable rocks. That means that tiny holes are interconnected together like a network of capillaries. When you pump out the oil there is no real big void left to cave in. Besides water is sometimes found w/ the oil. Since oil is less dense it rides over the top of the water. So if anything fills the spaces left behind it will be water!\n\nNow the ground will cave in where they pump massive amounts of groundwater out of aquifers found in limestone bedrock.\n\nLimestone dissolves due to natural acids such as carbonic acid. Voids or caverns or caves, whichever you prefer to call them are created & fill w/ water. When the water is pumped out, there is nothing left to support the structures above. The ground caves in & poof you have a sinkhole.\n\nSinkholes have been known to swallow whole blocks in cities. Florida is entirely underlain w/ limestone bedrock. The whole state has sinkholes everywhere.\n\nSo don't be concerned about pumping oil out & leaving gaping holes behind. Those you don't have to worry about. You do have to worry about pumping too much groundwater.\n\nTurn off the water while you are brushing your teeth next time.
124214
carbonate + acid = salt + carbon dioxide + water, so:\n\nsodium carbonate + sulphuric acid = sodium sulphate + carbon dioxide + water.
214007
Do you mean customers?\n\nI can't imagine that costumers would need limestone. \n\nCheck with local highway departments- it's under state/county in the phone book.
1056060
Caves form in limestone rock. I believe you are asking about the process. So here it goes...\n\nAs water moves through the ground it becomes slightly acidic due to the decomposition of organic material. The acid formed is a mild carbonic acid.\n\nAs this mildly acidic water reaches the rock it permeates the cracks and crevices. Over time, the acid reacts w/ the limestone (calcium carbonate - CaCO3) & dissolves it.\n\nThe cracks get larger. Over long periods of time these cracks can get extremely large resulting in a cave.\n\nIf a cave gets large enough it will be considered a cavern.\n\nSometimes a cavern will collapse due to the weight of the overlying material. When this happens a sinkhole occurs.\n\nSinkholes can be small or large depending upon the size of the cavern beneath & the area of structural weakness.\n\nSometimes a cavern collapses b/c groundwater is pumped out for local supplies. When this happens, there is no support left holding up the roof of the cavern & it gives way.\n\nFlorida is notorious for the number of sinkholes that occurs there. Of course, Florida has limestone bedrock underlying the entire state so this is bound to happen on a regular basis. Also, Florida's population is growing & so is their need for water.\n\nKarst topography is the term given to areas that are dominated by limestone landforms that were created from dissolution by acidic groundwater.