what type of articulation are the zygapophyseal (apophyseal) joints of the spine?
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Now for the correct answer. These joints are indeed synovial or diathrotic joints. The articular surfaces are flat, so they are NOT a hinge joint. They are a Facet or plane joint. The movement is the surfaces gliding over each other so there is no axis of rotation.
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There is a slight amount of gas in the joints that builds over a short period of time.  The "pop" is what you hear when the gas is released from the joints.
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The term 'articular cartilage' refers to the cartilage found on the 'articular' surfaces of bones (ie. the surfaces of bones that make a joint). This type of cartilage is referred to as hyaline cartilage and helps to protect the bones from wear and tear. Cartilage is also found between the ribs and their attachments to the sternum (breastbone). This cartilage is elastic and allows for the mobility required of the ribcage when we inhale and exhale. Yet another type of cartilage is found in our ear, and nose. This type of cartilage is more firm and its role is to provide structure.
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The posterior projection of a single vertebra is known as the spinous process. It is an attachment for various ligaments and muscles.
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http://www.bio.psu.edu/people/faculty/strauss/anatomy/skel/skeletal.htm
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It's "diarthrotic" joints.  They are freely movable joints such as the elbow and knee.
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The hyoid bone.  It is a U-shaped bone in the upper neck, at the base of the tongue.  It is the only bone that is not "articulated" to another.  It is also the one that gets broken when someone is strangled, but strangely enough, not when they hang themselves.
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The knee is a complex, compound, condyloid variety of a synovial joint. It actually comprises two separate joints. The femoro-patellar joint consists of the patella, or "kneecap", a so-called "sesamoid bone" which sits within the tendon of the anterior thigh muscles, and the patellar groove on the front of the femur through which it slides. The femoro-tibial joint links the femur, or thigh bone, with the tibia, the main bone of the (lower) leg. The joint is bathed in a viscous fluid which is contained inside the "synovial" membrane, or "joint capsule". The recess behind the knee is called the "popliteal fossa".
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1.  long bones like the humerus and femur and tibia\n2.  cuboidal bones like those in the foot or hand:  cuboid, navicular\n3.  flat bones like those in the cranial vault:  zygomatic, maxilla, ethmoid\n4.  special bones like the stapes and hammer in the ear; sesamoid bones is another sub type like the patella and the foot sesamoids
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Your vertebrae are the bones making up your backbone.
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The axle or cervical bone that is arranged in the spinal cord.
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osteochondrosis, aka osteochondritis is the inflammation of the bone and marrow cavities of the afflicted bone(s), juvinile being childhood onset and pelvis specifying the bone afflicted
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synovial- gliding,hinge,pivot,condyloid,saddle,ball & socket\n\nsuture-lambdoid, styloid, sagital ( joints between skull bones)\n\ncartilaginous- pubic symphisis
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Humerus\nUlna\nRadius
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Car·ti·lage    \n \nA tough, elastic, fibrous connective tissue found in various parts of the body, such as the joints, outer ear, and larynx. A major constituent of the embryonic and young vertebrate skeleton, it is converted largely to bone with maturation.\n\nBone    \n\nThe dense, semirigid, porous, calcified connective tissue forming the major portion of the skeleton of most vertebrates. It consists of a dense organic matrix and an inorganic, mineral component. \n\nThe definitions do not make it entirely clear, but basics first! \n\nCartilage is flexible connective tissue, bone is rigid, inflexible, and calcified. Try bending your upper ear, easy right? That's cartilage. Bone is not flexible (Like your skull.)  \n\nYour question was cut off, did you want to know the difference between a shark skeleton and a human's? A shark skeleton is almost entirely cartilage, a man's is mostly bone, with some connective cartilage.
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A bony protrusion on either side of the arch of a vertebra, from the junction of the lamina and pedicle, which functions as a lever for attached muscles
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I only know the ramus to be a part of the jaw. It's the corner where the condylar and coronoid processes meet the body of the mandible.