Difference between substrate phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?
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Substrate-level: production of ATP molecules via transfer of a phosphate group from an intermediate high-energy substrate directly to ADP.\n\nOxidative: production of ATP molecules from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain\n\nGylcolysis and Krebs cycle use substrate-level phosphorylation.  Electron transport chain uses oxidative phosphorylation.\n\nAlso, check out the link for a complete explanation: http://www.csun.edu/~hcbio029/BIOL315/Substrate_vs_oxidative.pdf#search='substrate%20oxidative%20phosphorylation%20difference'
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cellular respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen.\nit involves glycolysis and then the krebs cycle and then the electron transport chain.\nte end product of the whole process is the synthesis of ATP which is the energy used in most cellular work. \n\nthat's as simple and general as i can put it. look it up on the net if you need more info. lotsa websites out there.
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Mitochondria and cytosol\nIn cellular respiration
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The answer is C.  Six molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate is produced per turn of the Calvin cycle (in the first step).  One full turn of the Calvin cycle requires the fixation of three CO2 molecules.  Also ATP and NADPH is used in the Calvin cycle and both are oxidized to lower energy forms.  Only 1 RuBP is produced per cycle.
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Different chemical composition, one has a reaction the other doesn't..☺
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Cells  store energy in the hooking of that third phosphate changing Adenosene-DiPhosphate to Adenosyne-TriPhosphate.\n\nThat terminal bond is the high energy one. Breaking it is what releases the spendable energy needed for protein synthesis. A good place to spend your money if you are a cell.\n\nThe terminal phosphate group is usually not just sloughed off but may be attached to other molecules in the cell.\n\nW + ATP -----> W~P + ADP where W is any compound, for example:\n\nglucose + ATP -----> glucose~P + ADP\n\nThis process is called phosphorylation.
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Aerobic respiration requires oxygen in order to generate energy. It is the preferred method of pyruvate breakdown from glycolysis and requires that pyruvate enter the mitochondrion to be fully oxidized by the Krebs cycle. The product of this process is energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), by substrate-level phosphorylation, NADH and FADH2. The reducing potential of NADH and FADH2 is converted to more ATP via an electron transport chain with oxygen as the "terminal electron acceptor". Most of the ATP produced by cellular respiration is by oxidative phosphorylation, ATP molecules are made due to the chemiosmotic potential driving ATP synthase. Respiration is the process by which cells obtain energy when oxygen is present in the cell.\n\nTheoretically, 36 ATP molecules can be made per glucose during cellular respiration, however, such conditions are generally not realized due to such losses as the cost of moving pyruvate into mitochondria. Aerobic metabolism is rather more efficient than anaerobic metabolism. They share the initial pathway of glycolysis but aerobic metabolism continues with the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. The post glycolytic reactions take place in the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells, and at the cell membrane in prokaryotic cells.\n\nGlycolysis\nMain article: Glycolysis \nGlycolysis is a metabolic pathway that is found in all living organisms and does not require oxygen. The process converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, and makes energy in the form of two net molecules of ATP. Four molecules of ATP per glucose are actually produced but two are consumed for the preparatory phase. The initial phosphorylation of glucose is required to destablise the molecule for cleavage into two triose sugars. During the pay-off phase of glycolysis four phosphate groups are transfered to ADP by substrate-level phosphorylation to make four ATP and two NADH are produced when the triose sugars are oxidised. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. The overall reaction can be expressed this way:\n\nGlucose + 2 ATP + 2 NAD+ + 2 Pi + 4 ADP → 2 pyruvate + 2 ADP + 2 NADH + 4 ATP + 2 H2O + 4 H+ \n\nOxidative decarboxylation\nMain article: Oxidative decarboxylation \nProduces acetyl-CoA from pyruvate. This oxidation reaction also releases carbon dioxide as a product.\n\nKrebs cycle/Citric Acid cycle\nMain article: Citric acid cycle \nWhen oxygen is present, acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, and gets oxidised to CO2 while at the same time reducing NAD to NADH. NADH can be used by the electron transport chain to create further ATP as part of oxidative phosphorylation. To fully oxidise the equivalent of one glucose molecule two acetyl-CoA must be metabolised by the Krebs cycle. Two waste products, H2O and CO2 are created during this cycle, .\n\nOxidative phosphorylation\nMain articles: Oxidative phosphorylation , Electron transport chain , Electrochemical gradient, and ATP synthase\n\nIn eukaryotes, oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria. It comprises of the electron transport chain that establishes a proton gradient (chemiosmotic potential) across the inner membrane by oxidising the NADH produced from the Krebs cycle. ATP is synthesised by the ATP synthase enzyme when the chemiosmotic gradient is used to drive the phosphorylation of ADP.\n\nTheoretical yields\nThe yields in the table below are for one glucose and molecule being fully oxidised to carbon dioxide. It is assumed that all the reduced coenzymes are oxidised by the electron transport chain and used for oxidative phosphorylation.
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ATP, NADH, FADH2, AND CO2\nGlycolsis start with glucose synthesis and goes through the Krebb Cycle with beginning of oxidation of Pyruvate,the end result is in the Transport Chain system with C02.
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Oxidizing agents remove electrons from other atoms to complete a stable outer octet.  Therefore, oxygen and fluorine are oxidzers.  (Hydrogen and lithium, because they can lose electrons more easily than accept them, are reducing agents.)\nSo, of the two oxidizers which is better?  It will be the one that is more electronegative.  Electronegativity increases left to right on a row in the periodic table*.  F is therefore more electronegative than O, so the winner is F.\n'Chemistry is full of exceptions and this rule does not hold for the noble family (VIIIa) because their electron structures are fully satisfied.
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In addition to what Jen said, I would also like to point out that although isoenzymes by definition catalyze the same reaction, they often do it with different kinetic parameters.\n\nFor example, there may be different reaction order, affinities (K-constants), and the like, between two isozenzymes, even though they both perform the same product-to-substrate conversion.
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hope this helps!\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krebs_cycle\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis
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Oxygen is made as a result of photosynthesis only.\n\nGlucose is also made as a result of photosynthesis.\n(Or due to the breakdown of fats, or complex sugars.)\n\nCarbon Dioxide is produced as a result of cellular respiration.\n\nThe source of energy released from glucose is the bond energy between the carbons in the molecule and the reductive properties of the electrons in the bond.\n\nCellular respiration occurs is parts.\n\nGlycolysis occurs in the cell cytoplasm (cytosol).  The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.\nThe electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation occurs at the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
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Substrate-level phosphorylation is the direct transfer of a phosphate group from some compound onto ADP to make ATP.  \n\nIn the glycolytic pathway, there are two specific steps where substrate-level phosphorylation occurs.  If you're counting ATPs produced from a single glucose molecule, then 4 ATPs are produced by the substrate level phosphorylation reactions during glycolysis. \n\nIn the citric acid cycle, there is another point where substrate-level phosphorylation occurs.  Again, if you're counting ATPs from a single glucose molecule, this accounts for 2 more ATPs.\n\nSo, adding those up, you have 6 ATPs produced from the metabolism of one glucose molecule by substrate-level phosphorylation reactions...
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This weblink will explain the differance between the 2\nhttp://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gorry/eg2069/async.html
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No. The Krebs cycle produces 36 ATP, while glycolysis produces only 2 ATP.
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Step 1 - ATP is invested by adding a P to glucose\n          Step 2 - Glucose-6-P is convertedinto Fructose-6-P\nStep 3 - A second ATP is invested \nStep 4 - The 6 carbon molecule issplit into two three carbon molecules.\nStep 4.5 - Dihydroxyacetone -P is converted into 3-P-glyceraldehyde\nStep 6 - every subsequent step occurs 2xNADH is produced as another P is added\nStep 7 - (2) ATP is recovered\nStep 8 - The P is moved from the 3-carbon to the 2-carbon\nStep 9 - A structural change is made\nStep 10 - (2) ATP is recovered\nStep 11 - NADH is produced anda CO2 is produced\n2 pyruvate are made from the process
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They're the parts of the subunits that form the core, where bis-phosphoglycerate can bind to inhibit oxygen binding.\n\n(The C-terminals of the Amino acid chains on the subunits)