who is sir isaac newton?
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Isaac Newton was the greatest English mathematician of his generation. \nHe laid the foundation for differential and integral calculus.\nHis work on optics and gravitation make him one of the greatest scientists the world has known\n\nI also feel he made a step towards the understanding the workings of Karma as one of his laws of physic states. \n-- For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. --\n\nIts all food for thought.
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I'm assuming you mean Einstein, but I would have to go with Newton. He invented calculus and was absolutely revolutionary in developing elementary physics. Now, obviously Einstein was brilliant too, but at least he had a long background of physicists to build on. He stood on the shoulders of giants, one of which is newton.
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Charles Darwin\n\nIssac Newton
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Try this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_method
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he wrote the three laws of motion .\nJump to: navigation, search\n   Sir Isaac Newton \n\nSir Isaac Newton at 46 in Godfrey Kneller's 1689 portrait. \nBorn \n4 January [O.S. 25 December 1642] 1643\nWoolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, Lincolnshire, England \nDied \n31 March [O.S. 20 March] 1727\nKensington, London \nSir Isaac Newton, President of the Royal Society, (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727) [OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727] was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, chemist, inventor, and natural philosopher who is generally regarded as one of the greatest scientists and mathematicians in history.\n\nNewton wrote the Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica in which he described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, laying the groundwork for classical mechanics. By deriving Kepler's laws of planetary motion from this system, he was the first to show that the motion of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by the same set of natural laws. The unifying and deterministic power of his laws was integral to the scientific revolution and the advancement of heliocentrism.\n\nAmong other scientific discoveries, Newton realized that the spectrum of colours observed when white light passes through a prism is inherent in the white light and not added by the prism (as Roger Bacon had claimed in the thirteenth century), and notably argued that light is composed of particles. He also developed a law of cooling, describing the rate of cooling of objects when exposed to air. He enunciated the principles of conservation of momentum and angular momentum. Finally, he studied the speed of sound in air, and voiced a theory of the origin of stars. Despite this renown in mainstream science, Newton actually spent more time working on alchemy than physics, writing considerably more papers on the former than the latter24.\n\nNewton played a major role in the history of calculus, sharing credit with Gottfried Leibniz. He also made contributions to other areas of mathematics, for example the generalized binomial theorem. The mathematician and mathematical physicist Joseph Louis Lagrange (1736–1813), said that "Newton was the greatest genius that ever existed and the most fortunate, for we cannot find more than once a system of the world to establish." 20\n\nfor more info go to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton
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If it were not for the comet that is named after him he would be largely unknown save for a few science historians.  \n\nTwo items do standout however\n\n"In 1705, applying historical astronomy methods, he published Synopsis Astronomia Cometicae, which stated his belief that the comet sightings of 1456, 1531, 1607, and 1682 related to the same comet, which he predicted would return in 1758. When it did it became generally known as Halley's Comet."\n\nand \n\n"One problem that attracted his attention was the proof of Kepler's laws of planetary motion. In August 1684 he went to Cambridge to discuss this with Isaac Newton, only to find that Newton had solved the problem but published nothing. Halley convinced him to write the Principia Mathematica Philosophiae Naturalis (1687), which was published at Halley's expense."\n\nThe last point seems unique and significant.  That particular work of Newton was very important at that time and influenced many other scientists.\n\nMost of Halley's work, while important then, could easily have been completed by other people without consequence.
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Newton was an odd character almost from birth. He was always extremely intelligent, but never took much interest in social settings. Sort of an extreme, classic nerd.\n\nI doubt he sat down and "decided" anything, his interests in mathematics and physics no doubt seemed just the normal thing to do.\n\nBut it is also worth noting that he spent a lot more time on what we would call alchemy, than he did on calculus and physics. He came up with the essense of that in 1666 when he went home because plauge swept London. \n\nLater in life he also got swept up in a horrendous argument with the German philospher Leibnitz over who invented calculus first. (The answer: probably both did independently - we use Leibnitz's notion today).\n\nHere is a bit about his early life from the link below\n\n-------\nIsaac Newton was born in Lincolnshire, near Grantham, on December 25, 1642, and died at Kensington, London, on March 20, 1727. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and lived there from 1661 till 1696, during which time he produced the bulk of his work in mathematics; in 1696 he was appointed to a valuable Government office, and moved to London, where he resided till his death.\n\nHis father, who had died shortly before Newton was born, was a yeoman farmer, and it was intended that Newton should carry on the paternal farm. He was sent to school at Grantham, where his learning and mechanical proficiency excited some attention. In 1656 he returned home to learn the business of a farmer, but spent most of his time solving problems, making experiments, or devising mechanical models; his mother noticing this, sensibly resolved to find some more congenial occupation for him, and his uncle, having been himself educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, recommended that he should be sent there.\n\nIn 1661 Newton accordingly entered as a student at Cambridge, where for the first time he found himself among surroundings which were likely to develop his powers. He seems, however, to have had but little interest for general society or for any pursuits save science and mathematics. Luckily he kept a diary, and we can thus form a fair idea of the course of education of the most advanced students at an English university at that time. He had not read any mathematics before coming into residence, but was acquainted with Sanderson's Logic, which was then frequently read as preliminary to mathematics. At the beginning of his first October term he happened to stroll down to Stourbridge Fair, and there picked up a book on astrology, but could not understand it on account of the geometry and trigonometry. He therefore bought a Euclid, and was surprised to find how obvious the propositions seemed. He thereupon read Oughtred's Clavis and Descartes's Géométrie, the latter of which he managed to master by himself, though with some difficulty. The interest he felt in the subject led him to take up mathematics rather than chemistry as a serious study. His subsequent mathematical reading as an undergraduate was founded on Kepler's Optics, the works of Vieta, van Schooten's Miscellanies, Descartes's Géométrie, and Wallis's Arithmetica Infinitorum: he also attended Barrow's lectures. At a later time, on reading Euclid more carefully, he formed a high opinion of it as an instrument of education, and he used to express his regret that he had not applied himself to geometry before proceeding to algebraic analysis. \n----------
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So Johann Kepler was a German astronomer, living between 1571-1630. He was the one who introduced the three laws of planetary motion. He worked and studied about the (elliptical) oval orbit, planets, and eclipse. He rivaled against the old beliefs on how the heavenly bodies moved in perfect circles...Well, he was one of those who questioned the church's beliefs an teachings. He thought of new ideas, observed things, and experiemented. The church/pope/Catholic and Protestants went against him, too. But those who began to think out of the box probably admired him or something.
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I think it is Albert Einstein... Einstein stated The Theory of Relativity, breaking down Isaac Newton's The laws of Three Motions and Theory of Gravitation, demonstrated that Newton's theories were only partially right. What is more, scientists believe that there will need more than 200 years for another "Einstein" be born in this world to help the innovation of Physics. Current Mathematics is not adequate for solving Physical problems any more.
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sir isaac newton. the man who "discovered" the law of gravity.
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Newton' and Einstein's on relativity
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In the field of math, Newton is generally credited with the binomial theorem, an essential step toward the development of modern analysis. He also discovered Newton's identities, Newton's method, classified polynomials of degree 3 in 2 variables, made substantial contributions to the theory of finite differences, and was the first to use fractional indices and to employ coordinate geometry to derive solutions to diophantine equations. He approximated partial sums of the harmonic series by logarithms (a precursor to Euler's summation formula), and was the first to use power series with confidence and to revert power series. He discovered new formulae for pi.
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Gottfried Wilhelm von LEIBNIZ\n(1646-1716)  . \n\n \n Leibniz, sometimes called the last universal genius, invented at least two things that are essential for the modern world: calculus, and the binary system. \nModern physics, math, engineering would be unthinkable without the former: the fundamental method of dealing with infinitesimal numbers. Leibniz developed it around 1673. In 1679, he perfected the notation for integration and differentiation that everyone is still using today. \n\nThe bit and the binary system he invented around 1679, and published in 1701. This became the basis of virtually all modern computers. \n\nLeibniz' final years were overshadowed by a priority fight with the powerful president of the Royal Society, Isaac Newton, who claimed he had invented calculus before Leibniz (without publishing it), and who made friends sign texts he wrote to support this claim.
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Newton was born in Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth (at Woolsthorpe Manor), a hamlet in the county of Lincolnshire. Newton was prematurely born and no one expected him to live; indeed, his mother, Hannah Ayscough Newton, is reported to have said that his body at that time could have fit inside a quart mug (Bell, 1937). His father, Isaac, had died three months before Newton's birth. When Newton was two, his mother went to live with her new husband, leaving her son in the care of his grandmother.
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Issac Newton\n\nGallileo however proved that gravitational 'time to fall'was the same for 2 objects of different weights. Gallileo died 11 months before Newton's birth. There work was very complimentary. Newton established the gravitational constant that both backs up Gallileo and demonstrated that it is also gravity that causes the planets to orbit the Sun. The apple under the tree is a bit of a myth!
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I say Newton in about 1700:\n\n"Newton’s form of Kepler’s third law shows that one can use orbital motion to determine the masses of the objects."
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Newton\nEinstein\nDarwin\nPasteur