what does this mean a cell converts the chemical energy contained in a glucose to high energy bonds of ATP?
920258
The cells takes up glucose that you eat.  Glucose enters Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle.  These are both reactions that convert glucose to ATP.  ATP has three phosphate bonds.  Bonds hold atoms together and they require energy.  Our bodies then break the third phosphate bond (it holds the most energy).  When this energy is released from the bond, we can use it for energy.
803241
Every 1 (Kreb's) cycle (note that for each glucose molecule 2 cycles take place) yields 3 NADH, 1 FADH2 and 1 molecule of ATP. \n\nThus NADH acquires most of the energy from the Kreb's Cycle. And in turn, it is the same NADH molecules that give off their electrons to the electron transport chain.
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Chromosones record genetic information. And aren't even organelles, they're part of the nucleus. ---> X\nNucleus ----> X\n\nMitochondria turn sugar into AtP (energy).\nChlorpasts store solar energy in the form of sugar.\n\nMitochondria function whenever oxygen is present and sugar is available.\nChloroplasts whenever CO2 and sun-light are available.
157808
It's a molecule of PO4.  These can link to an -OH moiety on a sugar or nucleotide molecule, or they can link to another phosphate group.  When they link to another phostphate group, the bond is a high-energy bond.  Hence AMP, ADP, and ATP are all adensine with either 1, 2, or 3 linked phosphate groups.  ATP has the most energy, and the act of removing either one or two phosphates from the ATP can be coupled with some other process taht isn't energetically favorable, in order to power important changes.  That's why ATP is used as the primary power source of the cell.\n\nThe shape of the phosphate ion is a phosphorus atom surrounded by 4 oxygen atoms.  One oxygen is double-bonded, and the other four oxygens have a negative charge (ie, H3PO4 usually loses its hydrogen in solution, and hence phosphoric acid is highly acidic).\n\nPhosphate in solution is usually denoted as Pi (P with an I subscript) meaning "inorganic phosphate."  There is a lot of this floating around in biological systems.  You'll usually see something like\n\nATP --> ADP + Pi\n\nto denote the loss of a phosphate group by adensine.
820766
glucose is fuel for the body.  glycolysis makes ATP which is essential for the body to function
942048
The electrons ae transfered by nadph and energy is made by water through atp pump
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cellular respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen.\nit involves glycolysis and then the krebs cycle and then the electron transport chain.\nte end product of the whole process is the synthesis of ATP which is the energy used in most cellular work. \n\nthat's as simple and general as i can put it. look it up on the net if you need more info. lotsa websites out there.
784297
It can be broken down to AMP however there is not as much energy and the reaction of ADP to AMP would not be great for intracellular energy consideration.  The three phopshate bonds in ATP that place a large amount of negative charge in a confined location makes the ATP final phosphate bond so unstable and highly energetic.  ADP does not have as high of a negative charge concentration so the final phosphate bond of ADP does not contain as much energy and would not allow certain cellular processes to occur.  ATP does not just break its bonds and create free energy that is used by the body to do work (although some ATP bonds are simply broken to generate heat to warm up a cell).  What happens is that the energy of one ATP bond is transferred to a protein through a transfer of the terminal phosphate bond to a specific amino acid on the protein.  This phosphorylates the protein which alters its function or confromation which is how ATP allows the cell to do work.  The ADP phosphate bond would not have the energy to phosphorylate many proteins so it is just not used like ATP is.
786178
In glycolysis, glucose eventually becomes pyruvate. Glucose and pyruvate are small molecules. The production of pyruvate does not happen at once: glucose first has a phosphate molecule attached to it, then it's oxygen bonds get tweaked a bit, then another phosphate gets attached... After ten small alterations, we have two pyruvates (glucose gets split in half along the line). The pathway starts with glucose and ends with pyruvate, but after the first step, it is not just glucose anymore, it is glucose-6-phosphate. After the second step it is fructose-6-phosphate. These molecules that are not the start or the finish of a pathway are called intermediates.\n\nAll the intermediates are small molecules. Enzymes are not small molecules (relatively speaking). Enzymes are proteins, the smallest of which are still hundreds of times more massive than glucose, pyruvate, and the glycolysis intermediates. Enzymes serve very specific functions and the transformation of glucose into the first intermediate of glycolysis is controlled by an enzyme. The transformation of the first intermediate into the second is also controlled by an enzyme (a different one). Just about every molecular transformation occuring in any organism is controlled by an enzyme. The enzymes do not change. They just cause the molecular transformation of other molecules to occur much faster than they would naturally.
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Adenosine Triphosphate, of course... or ATP for short.  All cells use ATP to generate energy, which the cells accomplish by breaking off one phosphate ion, which triggers a release of energy and turns the ATP molecule into an ADP molecule.
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7 - B.  The typical diamater of a cell is 10 micrometers.\n\n8 - A.  An enzyme is a catalyst, which means it lowers the activation energy of the reaction, causing it to proceed faster.  The enzyme may react briefly with the reactants, but is not consumed in the reaction (i.e. there's the same amount of enzyme at the end as there was before the reaction started).\n\n9 - C. Plants use energy from the sun and carbon from carbon dioxide to make glucose.  They also need water to supply electrons in an early stage of photosynthesis.\n\n10 - B.  I'm not sure "by-product" is quite the right word as it is the desired product, but ATP is the only one of those four compounds during any stage of celluar respiration.  Starch can be broken down into glucose, and glucose is the sugar that is burned during cellular respiration.  Chlorophyll is found in plants and is involved in photosynthesis, but has no role in cellular respiration.
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From respiration: Here, glucose molecules in the cell are broken down; the molecules have strong bond between them and so when they are broken, energy is provided(by mitochondria) and when new molecules are formed, energy is released, which the cell uses for various processes.\n\nFrom protein synthesis: It occurs on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, and aminoacids are combined to form proteins and this releases energy.\n\nFrom ATP(adenosine tri-phosphate): The ATP molecule is a packet of energy which stores the energy released during any process going on in the cell and then releases the energy as and when required by the cell.
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If you mean that it needs to generate lots of ATP from glycolysis and not from Krebs or ETC, then the cell is very inefficient and needs to spend lots of resources on fueling glycolysis for not alot of results
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Aerobic respiration requires oxygen in order to generate energy. It is the preferred method of pyruvate breakdown from glycolysis and requires that pyruvate enter the mitochondrion to be fully oxidized by the Krebs cycle. The product of this process is energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), by substrate-level phosphorylation, NADH and FADH2. The reducing potential of NADH and FADH2 is converted to more ATP via an electron transport chain with oxygen as the "terminal electron acceptor". Most of the ATP produced by cellular respiration is by oxidative phosphorylation, ATP molecules are made due to the chemiosmotic potential driving ATP synthase. Respiration is the process by which cells obtain energy when oxygen is present in the cell.\n\nTheoretically, 36 ATP molecules can be made per glucose during cellular respiration, however, such conditions are generally not realized due to such losses as the cost of moving pyruvate into mitochondria. Aerobic metabolism is rather more efficient than anaerobic metabolism. They share the initial pathway of glycolysis but aerobic metabolism continues with the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. The post glycolytic reactions take place in the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells, and at the cell membrane in prokaryotic cells.\n\nGlycolysis\nMain article: Glycolysis \nGlycolysis is a metabolic pathway that is found in all living organisms and does not require oxygen. The process converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, and makes energy in the form of two net molecules of ATP. Four molecules of ATP per glucose are actually produced but two are consumed for the preparatory phase. The initial phosphorylation of glucose is required to destablise the molecule for cleavage into two triose sugars. During the pay-off phase of glycolysis four phosphate groups are transfered to ADP by substrate-level phosphorylation to make four ATP and two NADH are produced when the triose sugars are oxidised. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. The overall reaction can be expressed this way:\n\nGlucose + 2 ATP + 2 NAD+ + 2 Pi + 4 ADP → 2 pyruvate + 2 ADP + 2 NADH + 4 ATP + 2 H2O + 4 H+ \n\nOxidative decarboxylation\nMain article: Oxidative decarboxylation \nProduces acetyl-CoA from pyruvate. This oxidation reaction also releases carbon dioxide as a product.\n\nKrebs cycle/Citric Acid cycle\nMain article: Citric acid cycle \nWhen oxygen is present, acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, and gets oxidised to CO2 while at the same time reducing NAD to NADH. NADH can be used by the electron transport chain to create further ATP as part of oxidative phosphorylation. To fully oxidise the equivalent of one glucose molecule two acetyl-CoA must be metabolised by the Krebs cycle. Two waste products, H2O and CO2 are created during this cycle, .\n\nOxidative phosphorylation\nMain articles: Oxidative phosphorylation , Electron transport chain , Electrochemical gradient, and ATP synthase\n\nIn eukaryotes, oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria. It comprises of the electron transport chain that establishes a proton gradient (chemiosmotic potential) across the inner membrane by oxidising the NADH produced from the Krebs cycle. ATP is synthesised by the ATP synthase enzyme when the chemiosmotic gradient is used to drive the phosphorylation of ADP.\n\nTheoretical yields\nThe yields in the table below are for one glucose and molecule being fully oxidised to carbon dioxide. It is assumed that all the reduced coenzymes are oxidised by the electron transport chain and used for oxidative phosphorylation.
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Oxygen is made as a result of photosynthesis only.\n\nGlucose is also made as a result of photosynthesis.\n(Or due to the breakdown of fats, or complex sugars.)\n\nCarbon Dioxide is produced as a result of cellular respiration.\n\nThe source of energy released from glucose is the bond energy between the carbons in the molecule and the reductive properties of the electrons in the bond.\n\nCellular respiration occurs is parts.\n\nGlycolysis occurs in the cell cytoplasm (cytosol).  The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.\nThe electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation occurs at the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
803817
In Photosynthesis, plants use the sun's energy as light to transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose.  In cellular respiration,  glucose is ultimately broken down to yield carbon dioxide and water, and the energy from this process is stored as ATP molecules.
59980
thats a pretty loaded question there...the best I can summarize is:\nglycolysis:\nglucose + 2ATP + 2NAD+ +4ADP + 2Pi= 2 pyruvate + 2 ADP + 2 NADH + 2H+ + 2ATP + 2H20\nthis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell\n\nKreb's/TCA/Citric Acid Cycle:\n3 NADH + FADH2 + 2CO2 for each turn of the cycle\nthis happens in the mitochondria\n\nETC:\nhappens in the mitochondrial matrix but is hard to explain without diagrams...basically you get +2.5ATP for each NADH that goes through and +1.5 ATP for each FADH2 that goes through