arrange alpha rays, beta rays and gamma rays according to penetration power?
927238
Alpha is least -- can be stopped by a piece of paper.  Beta is more so, and gamma more so yet -- it can take a foot or more of concrete to ablate gamma rays.
811375
actually....no.... \nthe power range of nuclear fission and the operational MHZ of a generator and completely differant. Your comapring apples and oranges.
50619
well, a couple i can think of:\n\n- NMR (which, from looking at your gyromagnetic ratio question, i suspect is your thing, so i wont explain it)\n- hyperfine structure of spectral lines (comes from the coupling of nuclear to electronic spins)\n- you can also stick 'em in the path of a highly accelerated particle beam and measure the scattering as a function of azimuthal angle.  when i worked at SLAC we ran an experiment that did just this.\n\nthat's all i can come up with off the top of my head!
527581
Expansion coefficients for air can be determined using the attached link.\n\nBest wishes !
164348
Paint the protons one color, the neutrons another, and the electrons another. Put the nucleus together with the correct number of protons & neutrons. Put the correct # of electrons on it so that they appear to have some distance between them and the nucleus in an evenly spread manner. pretty simple. Styrofoam balls and toothpicks work great.
216960
They are alll electromagnetic waves.  They all have different frequencies.  Radio waves have the lowest and gamma rays have the highest.
161347
a and b.  Radiation (nuclear type) does not necessarily need matter as a medium.  Convection and Conduction however do.  Hope this helps
778260
You could also write an alpha particle as:\n\n(4,2)He\n\nand a beta particle as:\n\n(0,-1)e.\n\nThese notations are useful in nuclear reactions.
609476
gamma rays\nvisible light\ninfrared light\nmicrowaves
758598
Gamma rays, heat and, in the case of a few highly-radioactive elements, light; they glow in the dark.  Beta particles which are high-energy electrons.   Their kinetic energy can be converted into light by a phosphor such as zinc sulphide, or if they enter a transparent medium with a high refractive index, they emit blue Cerenkov radiation.  Radioactive materials are warmer than their surroundings because alpha particles, beta rays and neutrons are all fast-moving particles and when they are absorbed their kinetic energy is converted into heat.  In a nuclear reactor the heat is used to raise steam which drives a turbine.  In the thermionic generators used on deep space probes it is converted directly into about 200 watts or so of electricity.
436244
here's a link to a picture of the em spectrum along with corresponding wavelengths for each type of radiation:\n\nhttp://kingfish.coastal.edu/marine/Animations/Images/Electromagnetic-Spectrum-2.png
580964
Gamma decay is probably the one you are after.\nTransitions in the energy levels of the nucleons is the process behind it.\nNuclear Magnetic Resonance is also a nuclear process and would make a better answer as the wavelength of radiation is much safer.
324857
Found a good diagram here\nhttp://www.laynetworks.com/Block%20diagram%20of%20the%20Pentium.htm
54140
Gamma rays (often denoted by the Greek letter gamma, γ) are an energetic form of electromagnetic radiation produced by radioactivity or other nuclear or subatomic processes such as electron-positron annihilation.\n\nGamma rays form the highest-energy end of the electromagnetic spectrum. They are often defined to begin at an energy of 10 keV, a frequency of/ 2.42 EHz, or a wavelength of/ 124 pm, although electromagnetic radiation from around 10 keV to several hundred keV is also referred to as hard X rays. It is important to note that there is no physical difference between gamma rays and X rays of the same energy — they are two names for the same electromagnetic radiation, just as sunlight and moonlight are two names for visible light. Rather, gamma rays are distinguished from X rays by their origin. Gamma ray is a term for high-energy electromagnetic radiation produced by nuclear transitions, while X ray is a term for high-energy electromagnetic radiation produced by energy transitions due to accelerating electrons. Because it is possible for some electron transitions to be of higher energy than some nuclear transitions, there is an overlap between what we call low energy gamma rays and high energy X-rays.\n\nGamma rays are a form of ionizing radiation; they are more penetrating than either alpha or beta radiation (neither of which is electromagnetic radiation), but less ionizing. They produce damage similar to that caused by X-rays, such as burns, cancer, and genetic mutations. Gamma rays from nuclear fallout would probably cause the largest number of casualties in the event of the use of nuclear weapons in a nuclear war. An effective fallout shelter reduces human exposure at least 1000 times.
119057
Hmmm...alpha rays are helium nuclei (two protons and two neutrons, all tightly bound) and gamma rays are photons of very high energy. \n\nYou can't control the the output from anything radioactive, so I guess you'll have to crank up your particle accelerator.\n\nAdded:\nDrat! Useless Troll has a better answer!
711676
http://www.burtonreport.com/InfForensic/HumanExperPlutonium.htm\n\n\nhttp://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/radiation/dir/mstreet/commeet/meet10/brief10/tab_i/br10i2j.txt
1058287
First, this is a topic that is of continual annoyance for people who work with radiation.  Let's tackle this in sections...\n\nFirst let's start with the Roentgen.  The Roentgen (R) is defined as charge per unit mass.  Historically, it was defined as the amount of gamma or x-rays that produced one electrostatic unit of charge in 1 mL of air at STP (1.293E-3 g).  More currently, R=2.58E-4 C/Kg (C=Coulombs).\n\nOk, back to it.  A RAD is defined as 100 erg/g.  This is basically the same thing as R; a unit of charge per unit mass.  This is the "old" system unit.  This was supplanted by the SI unit of the Gray (Gy).  A Gy is defined as 1 J/kg (seeing the trend?).  Both units are a measure of Absorbed Dose (D).  Ok, if you would like to move between them, the conversion is 1 Gy = 100 RAD.  Why?\n\nOk, 1 J/Kg = 10^7 erg/10^3 g = 10^4 erg/g = 100 RAD\n\nNow, onto the Dose Equivalents.  A dose equivalent, H, is the effective dose received from ionizing radiation.  However, not all radiations are created equal.  A 1 RAD exposure to x-rays is far less harmful that a 1 RAD exposure to >10 keV neutrons.  So, a sliding scale was introduced.  For a given exposure to radiation, \n\nH=QF * D\n\nwhere QF is the quality factor and D is the absorbed dose.  Ok, back to your question.  A REM is the Dose Equivalent corresponding to Absorbed Dose in RAD.  Confused?  Ok, take a dose in RAD, multiply by the quality factor, and you get an answer in REM.  For the SI system, take a dose in Gy, multiply by the QF, and your answer is in Sieverts (Sv).  Generalized quality factors are:\n\nX and GammaRays - 1\nElectrons and Positrons - 1\nNeutrons E < 10 keV - 3\nNeutrons E > 10 keV - 10\nProtons  - 1 to 10\nAlphas - 1 to 20\nHeavy Ions - 20\n\nFor reference to the annoyance caused by the dual systems, as a radiological worker, my DOE imposed dose limit is 5 REM.  This dose is very easy to remember and seems intuitive.  However, under the SI system, my dose limit is 50 mSv, which seems small, though they represent the same physical quantity.