What is the connection between Hypoxia or sickle cell anemia and Pica for foam?
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Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder of the red blood cells characterized by abnormally shaped red cells. This abnormality can result in painful episodes, serious infections, chronic anemia, and damage to body organs. These effects can, however, vary from person to person depending on the type of sickle cell disease the person has.\n\nSome individuals are relatively healthy and others are hospitalized frequently. But thanks to advancements in early diagnosis and treatment, most children born with this disorder grow up to live relatively healthy and productive lives.\n\nA Closer Look at Sickle Cell Disease\nThe different forms of sickle cell disease are determined by the genes that are inherited from the person's parents.\n\nAn individual has the disease if he or she inherits a sickle cell gene from each parent (hemoglobin SS disease, also called sickle cell anemia).\n\nHe or she can also inherit a sickle cell gene from one parent and a different kind of abnormal gene from the other and end up with a different form of sickle cell disease, such as hemoglobin SC disease and hemoglobin S-thalassemia.\n\nIf an individual inherits only one sickle cell gene and a normal gene from the other parent, then he or she will have the sickle cell trait, but not the disease. A blood test can determine whether you have sickle cell disease or carry the sickle cell trait.\n\nPeople with sickle cell trait don't have sickle cell disease or exhibit any signs of the disorder, but they can pass the gene for the disease to their children. When both parents have the sickle cell trait, there's a 25% chance that a child will have sickle cell disease. But when one parent is carrying the trait and the other actually has the disease, the odds increase to 50% that they will pass the disorder on to their child.\n\nWho Does It Affect?\nIn the United States, hemoglobin SS disease (sickle cell anemia) affects mostly African Americans and some Latino Americans. Some forms of sickle cell disease may occur, although less frequently, in people with different ethnic backgrounds such as those whose ancestors came from Mediterranean countries (including Turkey, Greece, and Italy) or East India.\n\nWhat Causes It?\nA child with sickle cell disease has inherited a defective hemoglobin gene. In a child with sickle cell disease, the hemoglobin can take on an abnormal shape, distorting the shape of the red blood cell. The cells change from a normal round, doughnut shape to the elongated shape of a sickle, or the shape of a "C."\n\nUnlike normal red blood cells, which move easily through small blood vessels, sickle cells are hard and pointed. The sickle shape means that they have a tendency to get stuck in narrow blood vessels and block the flow of blood. This can cause episodes of pain and can also lead to damage of the body organs because they aren't getting enough oxygen.\n\nSickle cells have a shorter-than-normal life span, which leads to anemia (low red blood cell count). A normal red blood cell lives for about 120 days, whereas a sickle cell lives for only 10 to 20 days.\n\nHow Is It Diagnosed?\nUsually, sickle cell disease is diagnosed at birth with a blood test. This can be done in conjunction with other routine newborn screening tests. If your child tests positive on the screening test, a second blood test is usually performed to confirm the diagnosis.\n\nBecause children with sickle cell disease are at an increased risk of infection and other health complications, early diagnosis and treatment is important. Currently, more than 40 states have newborn screening programs for sickle cell disease.\n\nWhat Are the Signs and Symptoms?\nSymptoms of sickle cell disease vary and range from mild to severe, and symptoms may be less severe or different in children who have inherited a sickle cell gene from one parent and a different abnormal hemoglobin gene from the other.\n\nMost children with sickle cell disease have some degree of anemia, an
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Absolutely not. In shock, your tissues are not getting as much oxygen and nutrients as they require. Nothing is happening metabolically to the glucose (sugar) in your blood. Your cells, on the other hand, may be unable to get enough oxygen, and thus may turn the glucose they do have into a waste product called lactate rather than into something that is further usable metabolically (called pyruvate). A buildup of lactate can pose a serious threat, as it can result in acidosis. For more information, check out the Wikipedia article I have referenced below.\n\nAs a side note, that lactate I mentioned is what we humans make when we do not get enough oxygen. However, if you were a yeast, you would indeed make ethanol (the type of alcohol we drink) in the absence of oxygen.
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Sickle cell disease is much more common in certain ethnic groups, but not unheard of in all. Someone who inherits hemoglobin S from one parent and normal hemoglobin (A) from the other parent will have sickle cell trait. (Hemo. S being the one that reduces the oxygen in blood cells)
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Hbf, is the type oh Hemoglobin that's supposed to be found \n(In high percentages) in fetuses, hence the "F", and almost 0% in adults. Sickle cell anemia is inherited as an autosomal (meaning that the gene is not linked to a sex chromosome) recessive condition whereas sickle cell trait is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. This means that the gene can be passed on from a parent carrying it to male and female children. In order for sickle cell anemia to occur, a sickle cell gene must be inherited from both the mother and the father, so that the child has two sickle cell genes. \n\nThe inheritance of just one sickle gene is called sickle cell trait or the "carrier" state. Sickle cell trait does not cause sickle cell anemia. Persons with sickle cell trait usually do not have many symptoms of disease and have normal hospitalization rates and life expectancies.It's supposed to carry both recessive genes to have the disease.\nSickling of the red blood cells in patients with sickle cell anemia results in cells of abnormal shape and flexibility. The sickling is promoted by conditions which are associated with low oxygen levels, increased acidity, or low volume (dehydration) of the blood. These conditions can occur as a result of injury to the body's tissues, dehydrating states, or anesthesia. \n\n This disease occurs exclusively in Black people for an unknown reason.
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It depends on  type of leukemia,age of the patient ,previous treatment,relapsee or first time and time of diagnosis.Childhood leukemia is well response to chemotherapy and cure rates are good although relaps are quite common.On regarding G6PD deficiency,it is not a fetal disease.you need to avoid certain drugs that can precipitate haemolysis in these patients.For sickle cell anaemia,it can be treated by blood transfusion.Sickle cell crisis are serious complication .If all these diseases are present in a single person,his life expectancy can be reduced.Among these,leukemia is the worst.The patient will need blood transfusion and chemotherapy.Bone marrow transplantation is the best way to treat this disease but it would be difficult .
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How severe sickle cell is depends on genetics. Someone with severe sickle cell is likely to be unhealthy and die.\n\nHowever, light sickle cell anemia is actually very effective in inhibiting the malaria parasite. Because malaria is widespread in africa, this becomes a selection pressure. People with sickle cell  are more likely to survive malaria than people who don't, so there are many africans that have sickle cell - it's an evolutionary advantage.
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The red blood cells contain SS hemoglobin, an abnormal form, and will go into crisis with sludging of blood in small arteries and arterioles throught the body causing severe pain and often death if not treated properly.
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Red blood cell (RBC) count. Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. They also carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs so it can be exhaled. If the RBC count is low (anemia), the body may not be getting the oxygen it needs. If the count is too high (a condition called polycythemia vera), there is a risk that the red blood cells will clump together and block tiny blood vessels (capillaries).
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Dr. James Bryan Herrick discovered sickle cell anemia in 1908.
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Sickle-cell disease is a general term for a group of genetic disorders caused by sickle hemoglobin (HbS). In many forms of the disease, the red blood cells change shape upon deoxygenation because of polymerization of the abnormal sickle hemoglobin.\n\nHbN and HbS are alleles which are alternative forms of gene. All humans have 2 alleles for every gene (one from each parent).\nNormal healthy people have HbN HbN (HbN=normal hemoglobin).\nCarriers have HbN HbS (HbS=sickle hemogloblin).\nPeople suffering from sickle cell anaemia have HbS HbS. \n\nIn people heterozygous for HbS (carriers), the polymerization problems are minor, hence they don't suffer the effects of sickle cell anaemia. In people homozygous for HbS, the presence of long chain polymers of HbS distort the shape of the red blood cell, from a smooth donut-like shape to ragged and full of spikes, making it fragile and susceptible to breaking within capillaries. Carriers only have symptoms if they are deprived of oxygen (for example, while climbing a mountain) or while severely dehydrated.\n\nThe sufferers of the illness have a reduced life span. It is believed that carriers (sickle cell trait) are relatively resistant to malaria. Since the gene is incompletely recessive, carriers have a few sickle red blood cells at all times, not enough to cause symptoms, but enough to give resistance to malaria. Because of this, heterozygotes (HbS HbN) have a higher fitness than either of the homozygotes (HbN HbN & HbS HbS). This is known as heterozygote advantage. Those with HbN HbN are susceptible to malaria while those with HbS HbS will suffer from sickle cell anaemia.  \n\nThe malaria parasite has a complex life cycle and spends part of it in red blood cells. In a carrier, the presence of the malaria parasite causes the red blood cell to rupture, making the plasmodium unable to reproduce. Further, the polymerization of Hb affects the ability of the parasite to digest Hb in the first place. Therefore, in areas where malaria is a problem, people's chances of survival actually increase if they carry sickle cell anaemia.\n\nDue to the above phenomenon, the illness is still prevalent, especially among people with recent ancestry in malaria-stricken areas, such as Africa, the Mediterranean, India and the Middle East. In fact, sickle-cell anemia is the most common genetic disorder among African Americans; about 1 in every 12 is a carrier.
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"There is no cure for the disease, but advancements in treatment have improved median survival to 42 years for men and 48 years for women."\nhttp://www.answers.com/topic/sickle-cell-anaemia\n\nIt is an inherited disease and symptoms may appear in infancy.\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_cell_anemia\n\nhttp://www.umm.edu/blood/sickle.htm
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Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary disorder that mostly affects people of African ancestry, but also occurs in other ethnic groups, including people who are of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern descent. More than 70,000 Americans have sickle cell anemia. And about 2 million Americans - and one in 12 African Americans - have sickle cell trait (this means they carry one gene for the disease, but do not have the disease itself). \n\nSickle cell anemia occurs when a person inherits two abnormal genes (one from each parent) that cause their red blood cells to change shape. Instead of being flexible and round, these cells are more rigid and curved in the shape of the farm tool known as a sickle - that's where the disease gets its name. The shape is similar to a crescent moon.\n\nWhat Is Sickle Cell Anemia? \nSickle cell anemia is a blood disorder that affects hemoglobin (pronounced: hee-muh-glow-bin), a protein found in red blood cells that helps carry oxygen throughout the body. \n\nRed blood cells with normal hemoglobin (HbA) move easily through the bloodstream, delivering oxygen to all of the cells of the body. Normal red blood cells are shaped like doughnuts with the centers partially scooped out and are soft and flexible. \n\nSickle cell anemia occurs when an abnormal form of hemoglobin (HbS) is produced. HbS molecules tend to clump together, making red blood cells sticky, stiff, and more fragile, and causing them to form into a curved, sickle shape. Red blood cells containing HbS can go back and forth between being shaped normally and being sickle shaped until they eventually become sickle shaped permanently. Instead of moving through the bloodstream easily, these sickle cells can clog blood vessels and deprive the body's tissues and organs of the oxygen they need to stay healthy. \n\nUnlike normal red blood cells that last about 4 months in the bloodstream, fragile sickle cells break down after only about 10 to 20 days, which usually causes anemia. Anemia (pronounced: uh-nee-mee-uh) is what happens when the body's number of red blood cells (or amount of hemoglobin) falls below normal. People who are anemic often feel weak and tire more easily.\n\nPeople with sickle cell anemia can also experience complications from blood circulation and infection-fighting problems. These include a higher risk of certain infections and stroke as well as a condition called acute chest syndrome, which is caused by infection or trapped red blood cells in the lungs.\n\nSickle cell anemia is not contagious, so you can't catch it from someone else or pass it to another person like a cold or other infection. People with sickle cell anemia have inherited two sickle cell genes, one from each parent. A child who has inherited the sickle cell gene from only one parent will not develop the disease, but will have sickle cell trait. People who have sickle cell trait don't have sickle cell anemia or symptoms of the disease, but they can pass the sickle cell gene to their own children.\n\nBecause people with sickle cell trait don't have the disease, they may never discover that they carry the gene. That's why it's recommended that teens who are unsure of their sickle cell status ask their doctors about testing. The National Institutes of Health recommends that all newborns be screened for sickle cell disease, and testing at birth is now required in almost every state. This helps infants with sickle cell anemia get the care and treatment they need right away.
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Sickle-cell anemia is encountered almost exclusively in people of African descent, although there are always exceptions.  The reason sickle-cell anemia is so common (compared to other genetic disorders) in certain populations is that carriers of the gene (i.e. people who have only one copy of it) have slightly oddly shaped red blood cells, which don't cause any problems for them but aren't so great for the parasite that causes malaria.  Since carriers are resistant to malaria, the gene that causes sickle-cell is extremely common only within populations from regions where malaria is endemic.  Since malaria is quite prevalent in many regions of Africa, sickle-cell is also prevalent in people whose ancestry traces back to those regions.  Sickle-cell can pop up anywhere, in any population through random mutation (if I remember correctly, it's a single nucleotide mutation), but without malaria to give heterozygous individuals (i.e. carriers) an advantage, it does not become nearly as common as it did in African populations.
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its where the blood picks up the oxygen.
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Sickle cell anaemia isn't caused by a deficiency of anything, it is purely a genetic disease.
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both are needed for cellular respiration\n\noxygen + glucose(food)--> carbon dioxide + water+ energy
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it happens , the partial perassure of o2 is less in cells than in hemaglobin so it diffusses in to cells frm hemoglbin