What does the  "Ireland the eighteenth and Scotland the fifty-fourth" mean in the mayflower compact?
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In context, it sounds as if King James was the 18th sovereign of England and Ireland (apparently counting from the conquest of William the Conqueror) and the 54th of Scotland, but that can't be right about Scotland. At any rate, he was James II of England and James VII of Scotland.\n\n"in ye year of the raigne of our soveraigne lord King James of England, France, & Ireland ye eighteenth, and of Scotland ye fiftie fourth. "
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It was formally signed on August 2, 1776, with some members adding their names after that date.  \n\nHistoric US document stating the theory of government on which the USA was founded, based on the right ‘to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness’. The statement was issued by the Continental Congress on 4 July 1776, renouncing all allegiance to the British crown and ending the political connection with Britain.\n\nFollowing a resolution moved on 7 June, by Richard Henry Lee, ‘that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States’, a committee including Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin was set up to draft a declaration; most of the work was done by Jefferson.\n\nThe resolution, coming almost a year after the outbreak of hostilities, was adopted by the representatives of 12 colonies (New York abstained initially) on 2 July, and the Declaration on 4 July; the latter date has ever since been celebrated as Independence Day in the USA. The representatives of New York announced their adhesion on 15 July, and the Declaration was afterwards signed by the members of Congress on 2 August.\n\nThe declaration enumerated the grievances the colonists harboured against the British crown, which included its use of American Indians to attack colonists, taxation without representation, and denial of civil liberties
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the difference in attitude between the colonists (who wanted their independence) and the parliament/king of england.\n\nalso the belief of indirect representation, which basically means that parliament thought that they could rule the colonies indirectly from overseas, but colonists believed in direct representation
111344
It sevrved notice to the King of England that the revolt that started in the Colonies in April 1775 was actually a total revolution for Independence.  This let the world know what our intentions were as well and helped in getting us aid in our battle with the English.  The Declaration of Independence also set the tone for the constitution we still have today.
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some of the answers got very close ......but no cigar.\nAlbany is a corruption of the Gaelic word for Scotland. Alba, which was then a title bestowed on Blah Blah the first duke of  Albany.\n\nChris
11407
Between 1770 and 1830, the Tories were the dominant force in the House of Commons. The Tories were strongly opposed to increasing the number of people who could vote. However, in November, 1830, Earl Grey, a Whig, became Prime Minister. Grey explained to William IV that he wanted to introduce proposals that would get rid of some of the rotten boroughs. Grey also planned to give Britain's fast growing industrial towns such as Manchester, Birmingham, Bradford and Leeds, representation in the House of Commons. \n\nIn April 1831 Grey asked William IV to dissolve Parliament so that the Whigs could secure a larger majority in the House of Commons. Grey explained this would help his government to carry their proposals for parliamentary reform. William agreed to Grey's request and after making his speech in the House of Lords, walked back through cheering crowds to Buckingham Palace. \n\nAfter Lord Grey's election victory, he tried again to introduce parliamentary reform. On 22nd September 1831, the House of Commons passed the Reform Bill. However, the Tories still dominated the House of Lords, and after a long debate the bill was defeated. When people heard the news, Reform Riots took place in several British towns; the most serious of these being in Bristol in October 1831.\n\nOn 7th May 1832, Grey and Henry Brougham met the king and asked him to create a large number of Wigg peers in order to get the Reform Bill passed in the House of Lords. William was now having doubts about the wisdom of parliamentary reform and refused. \n\nLord Grey's government resigned and William IV now asked the leader of the Tories, the Duke of Wellington, to form a new government. Wellington tried to do this but some Tories, including Sir Robert Peel, were unwilling to join a cabinet that was in opposition to the views of the vast majority of the people in Britain. Peel argued that if the king and Wellington went ahead with their plan there was a strong danger of a civil war in Britain. \n\nWhen the Duke of Wellington failed to recruit other significant figures into his cabinet, William was forced to ask Grey to return to office. In his attempts to frustrate the will of the electorate, William IV lost the popularity he had enjoyed during the first part of his reign. Once again Lord Grey asked the king to create a large number of new Whig peers. William agreed that he would do this and when the Lords heard the news, they agreed to pass the Reform Act. \n\nMany people were disappointed with the 1832 Reform Bill. Voting in the boroughs was restricted to men who occupied homes with an annual value of £10. There were also property qualifications for people living in rural areas. As a result, only one in seven adult males had the vote. Nor were the constituencies of equal size. Whereas 35 constituencies had less than 300 electors, Liverpool had a constituency of over 11,000.
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5280\n\n\n"in Old England, the mile - derived from the Roman "mille \npassus" or 1000 double steps - was originally 5000 feet long as in the \nRoman definition (1 "passus" = 5 feet). Later, it took 5280 feet to \naccommodate exactly 8 furlongs, the most popular measure of the time.\n\nActually, the usual happened: the foot and the rod went slowly their\nseparate ways, being used by different industries (the weaver and the \nfarmer ....) Things had to be straightened up and, as the foot and the \nrod were already entrenched, we find these strange figures: 16.5 ft/rod \nand 5280 ft/mile. This was voted by the House under Queen Elizabeth I \nin 1595.\n\nIt should be noted that the furlong comes from the Greek and Roman \nstadion, which they themselves inherited from more ancient times. It \nseems to be the optimal length for the traditional plough.\n\nThe rod was determined by lining up 16 men (after the Sunday Service, \nthe story goes) and measuring the combined length of all their left \nfeet. These 16 feet make up 16.5 "feet." Thickness of the shoes? Gaps \nbetween feet? This is tradition ...."
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A stupid question these nations are allies.However some contributers to this question seem to be under the impression that the last conflict between these two countries was an american victory. This of course is untrue in fact the british made deep incursions into the us and burnt the whitehouseto the ground.Of course if they mean the war of independance, every one was british.The settlers were revolting about unfair taxes,but they were british How many of the founding fathers were british.I can never envisage a time when britain and america would even be in different camps in any conflict of war
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The term Glorious Revolution refers to the generally popular overthrow of James II of England in 1688 by a conspiracy between some Parliamentarians and the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau. The revolution was the last successful invasion of England. It is sometimes referred to as the Bloodless Revolution but this name is a misnomer as there was much fighting with loss of life in Ireland and, to a lesser degree, in Scotland. Some modern historians, alternatively, prefer the more neutral Revolution of 1688.\n\nLegacy:\nThe Glorious Revolution was one of the most important events in the long evolution of powers possessed by Parliament and by the Crown in England. With the passage of the Bill of Rights, it stamped out any final possibility of a Catholic monarchy, and ended moves towards monarchical absolutism in the British Isles by circumscribing the monarch's powers. The King's powers were greatly restricted; he could no longer suspend laws, levy taxes, or maintain a standing army during peacetime without Parliament's permission. Since 1689, England, and later the United Kingdom, has been governed under a system of constitutional monarchy, which has been uninterrupted. Since then, Parliament has gained more and more power, and the Crown has progressively lost it.\n\nThe success of the revolution came three years after the failure of the Monmouth Rebellion to overthrow the king.\n\nThe Williamite victory in Ireland is still commemorated by the Orange Order for preserving British and Protestant dominance in the country.\n\nFor more see:\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glorious_Revolution\n\nPS \n(For the other ansewer(s) )\nThere was bloodshed.\n\nSee \n"It is sometimes referred to as the Bloodless Revolution but this name is a misnomer as there was much fighting with loss of life in Ireland and, to a lesser degree, in Scotland."
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1775-1783\n\nended with the treaty of paris
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Religion.  Thanksgiving.  Mayflower Compact.  Massachusetts.  Colony.
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It was simply called, a declaration of war. The text is as follows:\n\nCHAP. 189—An Act Declaring that war exists between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain.\nBe it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, First. That war be, and the same is hereby, declared to exist, and that war has existed since the twenty-first day of April, anno Domini eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, including said day, between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain.\nSecond. That the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, directed and empowered to use the entire land and naval forces of the United States, and to call into the actual service of the United States the militia of the several States, to such extent as may be necessary to carry this Act into effect.\nAPPROVED, April 25, 1898.
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The answer is 1776. The person who answered before forgot to add the 12 to it.
1118067
Absolutely British.  As in they hold a British Passport !\n\nThere is no animosity between England and Scotland like there is between England and Ireland because England didn't occupy and segregate a part of Scotland as they did in Northern Ireland.  Secondly, there is no religious warring factions in Scotland as in the case of the Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland.
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The Curse of Cromwell\nOn 15 August 1649 Oliver Cromwell landed at Ringsend, near Dublin, with an army of 3,000 battle-hardened Ironsides. The civil war in England had ended, and King Charles I had been executed seven months earlier. In Ireland, however, the Roman Catholics had been in revolt since 1641 and held much of the island. They had generally taken the King's side, though some had seen in England's turmoil a chance to restore Irish independence. Cromwell entered Dublin as "lord lieutenant and general for the parliament of England". A fanatical Protestant, he intended to offer no quarter to papist rebels who had massacred English and Scottish settlers. In Ireland, he could use confiscated land to pay off debts to his troops and to the so-called "Adventurers" who had financed the parliamentary cause. \nFrom Dublin Cromwell marched north to Drogheda, which was defended by an English Catholic and royalist, Sir Arthur Aston. When his surrender demand was ignored, Cromwell stormed the city and ordered the death of every man in the garrison, describing this as "a righteous judgment of God upon these barbarous wretches". The nearby garrisons of Dundalk and Trim took flight. Having secured the route to Ulster, Cromwell turned on the south eastern port of Wexford, this time slaughtering townspeople and garrison alike. Neighbouring towns quickly submitted. \n\nCromwell's campaign ended with an assault on Clonmel where, after stout resistance, the defenders withdrew by night. In May 1650 he returned to England, leaving his son-in-law, Henry Ireton, in command. Within two years Catholic resistance was at an end. Many Irish soldiers were allowed to seek their fortunes in Europe. Catholic land-owners were largely dispossessed, but some were given the option of settling on less fertile land in Connacht. Cromwell himself had been in Ireland a mere nine months, but his brutality left an indelible impression on the native Irish. "The curse of Cromwell on you" became an Irish oath. \n\nThe rebellion of 1641 had made an equal impression on the Protestant settlers in Ulster. The plantation of Ulster had been entrusted to three classes of land-owner. From England and Scotland came "undertakers", who were required to bring in their tenants. Secondly, there were "servitors", who had served the Crown in Ireland, and who were allowed to take Irish tenants as well as newcomers. Finally, some native Irish were allowed to own land, if they were deemed trustworthy and agreed to adopt English farming practices. In the event, too few immigrants were attracted to Ireland, and the undertakers found they had to accept Irish tenants. This intermingling of the two religious groups was to prove a dangerous cocktail. \n\nThe worsening conflict between King and parliament in England encouraged the native Irish to seek to recapture their forfeited lands. They were also impelled by a fear that if the Puritans triumphed in England, the Catholic religion would be suppressed. On 23 October 1641 a series of uprisings in Ulster spread panic among the Protestant settlers. Those who were not killed by the rebels fled for safety into the defended towns, where plague and starvation soon took their toll. Modern historians suggest that first accounts of the rebellion exaggerated the number of deaths and the extent of atrocities committed by the native Irish. Wherever the truth lies, the rebellion created in Protestant minds a distrust of their Catholic neighbours which has survived to modern times. \n\nThe hostilities gradually spread throughout Ireland, and in 1642 a Catholic government was formed in Kilkenny. The rebels found an experienced commander in Owen Roe O'Neill, nephew of Hugh O'Neill, who won a famous victory at Benburb in 1646. However, the Catholic cause was always prone to internal dissension, and O'Neill died before he could test his generalship against Cromwell. \n\n\nI ho
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The current design (which is used as the national Flag of the United Kingdom) dates from the Union of Ireland and Great Britain in 1801.\n\nOn 12 April 1606, a new flag between England and Scotland was specified in a royal decree, according to which the flag of England (a red cross with a white background, known as St George's Cross) and the flag of Scotland (a white saltire with a blue background, known as the Saltire or Saint Andrew's Cross)
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I was wrong with my earlier answer. I thought you had asked about 1787. The answer is New Hampshire and Virginia. NH on June 21, 1788 and VA on June 26, 1788. I really should start taking my Aderole again, my apologizes for my earlier incorrect answer.