is substrate abiotic or biotic?
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depends on what kind of substrate...if its barnacles on coral, substrate is biotic. It seems to be abiotic usually.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_life
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abiotic=water temperature, wave height\nbiotic=algae, coral, sharks
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biotic:\n\nalgae, protozoans, snails, worms, leeches, dragonflies, frogs, giant water bugs, water striders, backdivers, cattails, spirogira, etc.\n\nabiotic:\n\ntin cans, plastic bags, oil, coins
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culture media is the media in which necessary elements for the growth of cells or organism. \n\nthese media are designed to give appropriate nurients to the organism for their development. the various parts as carbohydrates(usually a sugar glucose or fructose or complex media), amino acids, various salts etc are present.\n\nthe culture media can be classified in many ways as:\n\n1. complex or defined media: - \ncomlex is the one in which extracts of various organisms are used\ndefined media are those in which each component is added to make the final media.\n\n2. selective media and general media:-\nselective media is one in which we have added somethings which can be used by some perticular organisms only.\nwhereas general media are general for a large population.as the LB(luria bertani) is a general media.\nand many more classifications are there.\n\nso in a way culture media are the way to grow and develop organisms in artificial conditions for being used for studied.
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This doesn't really belong in Earth Sciences.  Biology or Botany are more specific categories for questions about living matter.  However, I'm in a good mood because it's Friday.  Check the link.
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generally glucose is the intial substrate in glycolysis .......
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In what context do you mean?  substrate could be any material.  By transition you could mean migration, proliferation in terms of cell culturing.  By physics terms you could be discussing the transition of a phase of the substrate.. like poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA).  This material breaks down into naturally abbsorbed metabolic particles (ie, easily broken down and disposed of in the body).  Transition here could describe its break down over time.\n\nExpand a little bit on the question.
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the proportion for the best soil medium to plant in is 30% OM (organic matter), that is, 30% humus! this is actually the proportion for loam soils where plants grows best!!!  =)
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Most plants grow best in soil that contains large amounts of\na)clay b)humus c)water d)sand\n\nWATER\n\nLiving things in the enviroment are ______ factors\na)abiotic b)community c)biotic d)light\n\nCOMMUNITY\n\nA community is made up of \na)factors b)enviroments c) population d)ecosystems\n\nPOPULATION\n\nFor a coral reef, ocean water is a(n)_________\na)organism b)biotic factor c)abiotic factor d)population \n\nORGANISM
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A biome is a climax ecosystem that is stable through time and characterizes a certain region. Biomes are described in terms of their physiognomy (=structure of the vegetation), and of course the types of plants that can grow anywhere depend on many factors, among them: 1) soil, 2) temperature, 3) precipitations, 4) other living beings. \nThe American botanist and ecologist Robert Whittaker was the first to come up with a diagram (now known as the Whittaker biome system) that summarized the effects of precipitations and temperature as the two major factors that determine the development of biomes, in 1975. \nSee different versions of this diagram at the links: \nhttp://www.msstate.edu/dept/biosciences/fishbein/whittaker.jpg\nhttp://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/whittaker.jpg\nhttp://raieh.homelinux.net/imgdb/B/Biome/WhittakerBiomeDiagram.gif\nThis diagram is a simple but good representation of the relationship between climate (Tº and precipitations) and biomes.
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Biodegradation\nBiodegradation is nature's way of recycling wastes, or breaking down organic matter into nutrients that can be used by other organisms. "Degradation" means decay, and the "bio-" prefix means that the decay is carried out by a huge assortment of bacteria, fungi, insects, worms, and other organisms that eat dead material and recycle it into new forms. \n\nIn nature, there is no waste because everything gets recycled. The waste products from one organism become the food for others, providing nutrients and energy while breaking down the waste organic matter. Some organic materials will break down much faster than others, but all will eventually decay.\nBy harnessing these natural forces of biodegradation, people can reduce wastes and clean up some types of environmental contaminants. Through composting, we accelerate natural biodegradation and convert organic wastes to a valuable resource. Wastewater treatment also accelerates natural forces of biodegradation. In this case the purpose is to break down organic matter so that it will not cause pollution problems when the water is released into the environment. Through bioremediation, microorganisms are used to clean up oil spills and other types of organic pollution. Composting and bioremediation provide many possibililites for student research. \n\n\n\nhttp://ei.cornell.edu/biodeg/\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradation\nhttp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=biodegradation
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organic and inorganic
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log on to\n\nhttp://technology.infomine.com/biometmine/biopapers/biomet_advance.pdf\n\n:)
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Bacteria appeared on earth between 3.4 and 4 billion years ago. Precambrian evidence of filamentous bacteria-like structures, found making up fossilized sediments called stromalites, has been discovered in Australia and southern Africa. These fossils date back between 3.4 and 3.5 billion years old. Environmental conditions of earth 4 billion years ago were much different than those of today. It has been theorized that the atmosphere was a reducing atmosphere with intense lightning, tremendous volcanic activity, very little oxygen, intense ultraviolet radiation, and meteorite bombardment. These conditions made it impossible for any type of aerobic life to exist. The first cells may have originated by chemical evolution in an anaerobic environment.\n\nAbiotic Synthesis Theory of Life: A.I.Oparin postulated, in the 1920's, that primitive earth with its reducing atmosphere favored chemical reactions that produced simple monomers that eventually formed complex organic compounds necessary for life. Stanley Miller and Harold Urey tested this hypothesis by building an apparatus to simulate the conditions of the earth at that time.\nTheir experiments produced 20 amino acids and other organic compounds including: ATP, lipids, some sugars, and the bases of RNA and DNA. The main problem of organic synthesis is how did these molecules develop without the aid of enzymes to speed up the reactions? Sidney Fox, of the University of Miami, dripped a dilute solution of organic monomers onto hot sand, clay , and rock. The water vaporized and left behind polypeptides he called proteinoids. Clay was abundant in prebiotic earth. Clay has the ability to act as a substrate for this type of chemical reaction. The charged sites on the clay attracted monomers in such concentrations to bring them into close proximity for chemical binding. Once these organic compounds were produced, aggregates of these proteinoids self-assembled into small spheres called protobionts. These small spheres were capable of osmotic swelling and shrinking and even able to produce a membrane potential.\n\nRNA the first Genetic Material: Evidence to support the idea that RNA was the first genetic material includes: short polymers of self-replicating RNA have been abiotically produced in a test tube without enzymes. RNA has the ability to act as a catalyst to help make mRNA, tRNA or rRNA. The RNA folding is unique depending on its sequence. This along with mutations, creates a variety of closely related molecules. Through chance this self-replicating material was captured by the protobionts and the entire structure developed under the guide of natural selection.\n\nOther Origin Theories:\n\nPanspermia. Extraterrestrial organic compounds located on the surface of meteorites could well have contributed to the pool of material found on prebiotic earth. Modern meteorites have given up specimens of simple organic compounds such as amino acids.\n\nSome researchers believe that life began on the sea floor away from the harsh surface environments. The discovery of deep sea vents showed the scientific community that the materials needed for life to begin were present away from the harsh surface.\n\nJulius Rebek produced a simple organic molecule in 1991 that served as a template for self-replication. This discovery suggests that RNA was too complex to have come first and a much simpler self-replicating molecule preceded it.
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Microorganisms (soil bacteria) are the most important component of any soil. They dissolve rock particles and release nutrients to the plants through decomposition. The microorganisms release carbon dioxide gas into the film of water surrounding soil particles, making the water slightly acid. This causes it to react with the rock particles and dissolve them, providing a slow, steady release of nutrients.\n\nAll microorganisms decompose decayed vegetation or other microorganisms. The decayed vegetation, called humus, is the basis for soil life. Without humus, we get no naturally formed nitrogen, and plants become weak and more susceptible to insect attack. Humus has other beneficial effects besides feeding soil microorganisms. It mechanically loosens the soil itself and creates a texture called good tilth.\n\nWhen soil has good tilth, it is soft, porous and easy to work and crumbles easily into fine pieces. Water penetrates the soil better and the soil also holds more water.\n\nTilth prevents the formation of hard crusts on the soil's surface. It allows plants to put out larger root systems easily. When there is lots of air in the soil, microorganisms flourish and speed mineral release. Good tilth allows delicate seedlings to get a good start. Focusing on the basics: \n\nAbundant Soil Microorganisms \nImproving Humus and Tilth \nis the first step and the foundation for long-lived successful reclamation, and restoration of the soil ecosystem.
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In ecology, the word ecosystem is an abbreviation of the term, ecological system. Some consider this the basic unit in ecology.\n\nIn general terms an ecological system can be thought of as an assemblage of organisms (plant, animal and other living organisms—also referred to as a biotic community or biocoenosis) living together with their environment (or biotope), functioning as a loose unit. That is, a dynamic and complex whole, interacting as an "ecological unit".\n\nEarly conceptions of this unit were as a structured functional unit in equilibrium. This equilibrium was characterized by energy and matter flows between its constituent elements. Others considered this vision limited, and preferred to understand an ecosystem in terms of cybernetics. From this view an ecological system is not a structured functional unit in equilibrium, but a functional organisation at dynamic equilibrium, or what was also called steady state. This branch of ecology that gave rise to this view has become known as Systems Ecology. Steady state is understood as the phase of an ecological systems evolution when the organisms are "balanced" with each other and their environment. This balance is achieved through various types of symbiosis, such as predation, parasitism, mutualism, commensalism, competition, and amensalism. Introduction of new elements, whether abiotic or biotic, into an ecosystem tend to have a disruptive effect. In some cases, this can lead to ecological collapse and the death of many native species. The abstract notion of ecological health attempts to measure the robustness and recovery capacity for an ecosystem. That is, how far the ecosystem is away from steady state.\n\nThe size and scale of an ecosystem can vary widely. It may be a whole forest, as well as a small pond, or even the geobiosphere itself. Different ecosystems are often separated by geographical barriers, like deserts, mountains or oceans, or are isolated otherwise, like lakes or rivers. As these borders are never rigid, ecosystems tend to blend into each other. As a result, the whole earth can be seen as a single ecosystem, or a lake can be divided into several ecosystems, depending on the scale used.