Why is the water surface the location of pollination?
343568
Its not.  What you see on top of water is hydrocarbon polution.  most really deadly polutants such as hexa valent chromium deposit in the river bed or lake floor and continue to contaminate the water for several years.
199557
water is always flowing. there are currents within a stand-alone puddle. waves constantly crash onto a beach, proving there is no specific point in which they stop. They can go further under the right circumstances. The only reason they don't is due to angular force of gravity. gravity pulls all matter toward the core, including water. should land reach higher above the water's level, the water shall not overtake the land, unless as specified above. since land is solid, or several solid objects, and water is a fluid, land shall not dissolve quickly to a flat line as water does.
472454
During winter the water at the surface of lake or pond gets cooled.\n\nDue to cooling density of water increases; denser water\ngoes down, while the relatively hot water comes up. This is convection.\n\nBut water has a peculiar property that below 4 degree C it becomes less dense.\n\nTherefore when the surface temperature is 4degree and below, the water at the surface cannot go down. Hence convection of water is stopped. \n\nThe temperature increases relative to water surface.  If the temperature of the water surface reaches freezing temperature, ice is formed on the surface and the freezing takes place from top to bottom.\n\nThus lives of water living creatures are saved from freezing.
1055798
The problem is the transport of water to the top. Depending on the species, the power of the capillaries is limited (perhaps the wrong word, I'm not so common with biology in English).
1000627
to have a good idea have a look at the article below. hoppe it helps... it's a bit long but will have what you need properly explained...\n\n\n\nPollination Adaptations\nFlowers need to be pollinated. Pollination is the process of moving the pollen grain from the anther of a stamen to the stigma of a carpel. There are a few flowers that can self-pollinate all on their own, but this limits them to inbreeding. Most species rely upon some kind of pollination vector to accomplish pollination. The vector can be any agent that can move pollen from anther to stigma. \n\nThere is evidence of water and wind as the pollination vector in certain species, but many species do not depend upon the random or downstream-only pollination pathways offered by these vectors. Indeed such vectors are only useful in situations where large populations of a very limited number of species are present. \n\nMost flowers have evolved to use a "smart bomb" or "magic bullet" vector...animals! These vectors have sensory organs to locate flowers, they have locomotion to get them to the flowers in spite of large spaces between individuals, and they have enough intelligence to remember that they can depend upon a reward if they visit one particular species repeatedly. \n\nAttracting the Pollinator\nIn order to effectively use an animal pollination vector, a flower needs to attract the animal for the first visit. This can be done in one of two ways: visual cues and olfactory cues. \n\nVisual Cues\nSome species use a color pattern known as a "bull's eye" to mark their position in the environment...to stand out against a background of green foliage. Obviously not too many animal-pollinated flowers are leaf-green! \n\na black-eyed susan...recall that there are over 100 species of unrelated black-eyed susans...one of the problems of common names. This one is in the genus, Rudbeckia. Notice its obvious bull's eye target appearance. The bull's eye is black and the yellow ring surrounds it to make it quite noticeable. \n\n\nThe daylily (Hemerocallis) also shows a prominent bull's eye, but notice how the color pattern is reversed. The bull's eye is light in color and the ring around it is very dark. The effect is the same however, the flower is going to be obvious to a potential pollinator flying overhead. \n\n\nIt is important that whatever color pattern is used is within the visible range of colors observable by the pollinator. Colors obvious to one animal may be invisible to another. Gaillardia (painted daisy). This species obviously uses a yellow bull's eye with surrounding red and yellow rings. One gets the appearance of a dartboard just looking at it. The pollinator visiting is butterflies. Butterflies definitely are attracted to red/yellow patterns, and they need the large landing platform provided by this wide flower. \n\n\nOn the other hand, Gaillardia does not limit its pollination to just butterflies. An afternoon of observation will tell you that even more visits are made by honeybees! Bees have no ability to perceive red colors, so how does that red/yellow pattern look to a bee? This requires some mental translation and some special photography for a human to appreciate what a bee might observe. \n\nFirst we need to eliminate red from the image. This can only be accomplished with fancy video work or black-and-white photography.\n\n\nBee vision does not include red, but it does extend into the ultraviolet. In other words, bees see colors that are invisible to us! Our film is not very sensitive to ultraviolet because it has been developed for showing images visible to humans. To correct that and see the ultraviolet patterns in these flowers, we need to use yet another filter. This filter blocks visible light and allows ultraviolet light to expose the film. Below is the ultraviolet image of the same two daisies taken seconds later with both filters in place: \n\n\ncenter of each daisy is totally absorbin
353029
The same way dead flowers get pollinated.
367774
Water is denser than air (or sunlight).
674848
It could be that lol or it may be due to the bacteria that lives within the body of water, such as blue algae. :)
889442
Islands are pretty much the peaks of underwater mountains.  They stay above water because they've got more land underwater sitting on the ocean floor.
232794
gravity pulls water down and adhesion and cohesion hold water up. While gravity is a greater force, it helps to maintain a balance of water leaving the stomata.
193750
This is due to the seawater having a greater heat capacity than the land, thus they heat and cool off at different rates, causing pressure differentials in the air above them. See the source for details.
365541
this does in fact relate to surface tension.  But if we want to look at this a little further...water is held together by intermolecular forces with one of the strongest being hydrogen bonding.  This is the reason there are water drops.  When a paper clip is set on clean water the hydrogen bonding and other intermolecular forces are strong enough to keep the paperclip afloat.  When soap is added to the water it begins to weaken the intermolecular forces of the water molecule.  When the paper clip is placed on top it will sink to the bottom.  These same ideas work for the little water bugs "walking on water".
146103
Surface tension refers to hydrogen bonds between water molecules.  Basically, these molecules are held together very tightly by the h-bonds.\n\nWhen one water molecule evaporates from a leaf, it pulls the column of water up via the h-bonds.  The water potential outside the plant is much, much less than that inside the plant, so the water is trying to leave the plant.  This puts stress on the water column in the form of negative pressure within the xylem- you can think of it like sucking on a straw.  With this water potential system, the plant is able to suck water out of the soil and transport it to different parts of its body.  The water potential is also a component of the nutrient transport system.
973436
d's has it, but is missing a couple of things:\n\n1.  Some insect-pollinated flowers have a sugary liquid ("nectar") that insects eat or collect.\n\n2.  Some insect-pollinated flowers have a distinctive scent.  This odor will let the appropriate insects know that the flower is open (and ready for collecting of pollen or nectar).
600189
Water (rain, snow, dew, ...) which ends up higher than sea level will flow toward the sea if there is any possible path. Since even a mountainous 'bowl' is likely to have a porous bottom, or to fill enough to find an outlet, there will almost always be a flow to lower levels. \n\nFlowing water is not a neglibible force. It will, over geologic time move, dissolve, pulverize, and remove material. Freeze/thaw cycles contribute more than a bit; the Old Stone Face in new Hampshire in N America has recently fallen (literally) to this. Some of that material will be dropped downstream, filling in an existing channel. Spring floods (in places in which snow and ice accumulate on high ground) will provide an annual increase in this erosion, and if they break over channel banks, will accelerate the deposition process (eg, the Nile floods until the installation of dams to stop them). \n\nOver geologic time, a stream (or river) will fill channels repeatedly and will find new flow paths after doing so. What with dumping material from higher levels, and doing it in channels here and there across the gap between highlands, there will be a gradual acretion of soil in that gap. \n\nEventually, the flowing water, combined on occasion with wind and plant and animal soil processing (earthworms, for instance), there will be a more or less level filiing of the gap between highlands, with water flowing across it on the way to the sea. \n\nThat space, with a history more or less as sketched is a valley. Tehy can be narrow (a kilometer or less) or wide (several hundred kilometes). In fact, they can be so wide that it's not possible for a human to see both highlands between which the water flows at the same time. Valleys can also be very long if the highlands are arranged to permit. Consider the Nile, the Danube, the Volga, the Mississippi, or the Ganges. \n\nIn short, highlands erode, flatten out, and fill in the gaps between them. This can be seen in Britain (whose hills and mountains wer once higher) and in the North American Appalacians (whcih were once very very impressively tall). The N American Rockies, S American Andes, and Asian Himalyas are examples of the early stages in this process. Some millions of years hence, all three of these mountain ranges will be much lower and rounder.
557230
to maximize surface area for the collection of sunlight and minimize weight and material used. also, yes it helps transport water and nutrients.
71124
Actually there is land surface more than the water one, but its under water.