What are the reasons when the soil resistivity data (measurments) does not agree with simulation data?
346958
Yes, soil moisture.\n\nBut how about the degree of ionicity of the soil; wouldnt that depend on the kinds of minerals in the soil (which is likely to vary as well)...\n\nCordially,\nJohn\nhttp://www.GodSci.org
412953
An equation that is incorrect.
50978
Google "soil contamination" or clink the link below.
1153169
Depends how contaminated, contaminated w/ what and how much soil. \n\nMost counties have ag agents so start there and ask. Also soil testing is common for house building so call a local realtor or developer if you can't find one in the phone book.
406491
go www.google.ae  use key of civil engineering soil test.  also universities and colledges of civil engineering make the tests.
1117620
Depends on what data the survey collects. If it is numerical data that can be analyzed, then both errors can occur in either a survey or an experiment.\n\nIn the mathematical subfield of numerical analysis the approximation error in some data is the discrepancy between an exact value and some approximation to it. \n\nAn approximation error can occur because the measurement of the data is not precise (due to the instruments), or we use approximations instead of the real data (e.g., 3.14 instead of π). \nOne commonly distinguishes between the relative error and the absolute error.\n\nThe numerical stability of an algorithm in numerical analysis indicates how the error is propagated by the algorithm.
610087
The lab values you have given are not that far off from normal.  Don't jump the gun thinking you have something majorly wrong, talk to your doc!!!
642291
http://natres.psu.ac.th/Link/SoilCongress/bdd/symp9/1375-t.pdf
826531
tiny amounts of chemical can stick to differnt things, like stir bar, stir rod, thermometer and if you remove these items before the experiment is over then you remove some chemicals.  Other kinetics events that your not considering. as in pressure, humididtym and so on.  If you used a Ph probe then maybe it wasn't calibrated right or isn't properly maintained
259654
To get this information will require some work. This website will supply the data you need, but it'll take some time to dig it all out --> http://www.fourmilab.ch/yoursky/
630884
That's completley dependant on what the contaminant is, how large of a site it is, and the site location.  you should consult both a civil and an environmental engineer for the specifics
836010
If you have access to a copy of the ARRL handbook, there are several nomographs in there for RF calculations.  Not exactly a slide rule, but it will do the job.  I copied the graphs and laminated them.  Then I use a dry erase marker to line up the data points and read the results.
632669
http://lakeaccess.org/russ/conductivity.htm
614061
Not real sure what you want to do, but, go here;\nhttp://quake.wr.usgs.gov/research/deformation/modeling/eqmodel.html
1079800
in one case you have half an ohm, in the other you have over 500 ohms.  It seems you may be reading one of the meters incorrectly.  One of the meters could be set to auto, while the other is not.
222877
There are some fields where accurate measurements are not possible.In such cases statistical tools are very useful;eg- significance testing & hypothesis could be very useful where the size of population is either very large or unknown.For this purpous various formulas have been derived.\nhence the statistical tools can be used to analyse situations like change in population after 10 years,degree of defects in blubs manufactured etc.
52091
There is an entire scientific journal dedicated to covering related technology and geophysical problems:\nhttp://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1742-2140/1/1/E01\n\nHere is the introduction from a PhD project on the use of seismic while tunnel boring:\nI quote: "Before boring a tunnel, all possible data about the subsurface of the area is gathered. There is however always a\nshortage of information. All geological sections are based on discontinuous CPT measurements, in combination with\ngeological data of the surroundings. This method gives an insufficient accuracy in heterogeneous areas. Obstacles and\nfast lateral soil variations will seldom be detected and they can have a severe influence on the drilling process. Obstacles\ncan bring serious damage to the TBM. The soil properties partly determine the drilling parameters. An appropriate\nsolution for obtaining a more detailed image of the subsurface around the TBM could be the use seismics during the\nexcavation of the tunnel.\nExperiments have been carried out at the test sites of the Second Heinenoord Tunnel. They have shown that the TBM\nis a source of seismic shear waves. The shear waves are generated by the hydraulic jacks at the end of the machine.\nMeasurements have shown that it is possible to register reflections from obstacles around the TBM. With this set-up,\nthere will however always be a blind zone in front of the machine that can not be imaged. A better system would be to\nhave source and receivers on the head of the TBM, on the cutter wheel."\n\nThis is from a pdf file at: http://www.ctg.tudelft.nl/Research/Progress_reports/2000/Project3.3/Swinnen.pdf\n\nThere are multiple geophysical tools that can be applied to tunnel construction. Shallow seismic surveys can be made prior to tunneling. Boreholes can be drilled and logged using many available logging tools that can determine rock and fluid properties. This can be combined with the seismic data to improve the interpretation of the seismic. \n\nGround Penetrating Radar has been shown to have very high resolution of subsurface features in shallow settings. Here is an exhaustive list of GPR links:\nhttp://www.g-p-r.com/librarie.htm\n\nOther company websites that can give you information:\nhttp://www.parsons.com/transport/tunnel/capabilities/design.asp\nhttp://www.fes.co.uk/