What is multi-gene Expression?
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multi gene means a lot of gene many many of them
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I think you might be refering to plasmids.\nA plasmid is a small circular piece of DNA found in bacteria. A plasmid will often include genes which encode a protein that confers resistance to antibiotics. They can be transferred fromn one bacterium to another and replicate separately from the bacterial genomic DNA. One bacterium can contain many copies of a particular plasmid.\n\nLook it up & see if it is relevant to your enquiry.
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I'm guessing, you are talking a gene whose expression levels are controled by other proteins, and the "local regulator" is the bit of DNA close to the gene that those other proteins bind to, to upregulate, or down regulate the gene in question.
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a- multi\nb-both\nc-both (plants like bacteria and animals)\nd-single celled
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Proteins are the workhorses of an organism, providing everything from immunoresponse, enzymatic reactions, hormones and hormone receptors, and transport and channel proteins that move things in and out of cells. On top of all this proteins are the ultimate expression of our genes, since DNA codes for amino acids which form polypeptides which form proteins. Everything that makes you... you and all the features of other animals is the result of your genes expression in the form of proteins, like the color of your hairs and eyes. Proteins can also be a source of energy .\n\nI was going to complement Always Right's answer until I saw the wikipedia entry which it is copied and pasted from, it's fine to use sources (I'm using my bio 101 notes) but at least reference them, not say "Life"\n\nIt's also important to note that DNA is NOT a protein, DNA is a nucleic acid, a biological molecule separate from proteins.
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Biology has become such a vast research enterprise that it is not generally regarded as a single discipline, but as a number of clustered sub-disciplines. This article considers four broad groupings. The first group consists of those disciplines that study the basic structures of living systems: cells, genes etc.; the second group considers the operation of these structures at the level of tissues, organs, and bodies; the third group considers organisms and their histories; the final constellation of disciplines focuses on their interactions. It is important to note, however, that these boundaries, groupings, and descriptions are a simplified characterization of biological research. In reality, the boundaries between disciplines are fluid, and most disciplines frequently borrow techniques from each other. For example, evolutionary biology leans heavily on techniques from molecular biology to determine DNA sequences, which assist in understanding the genetic variation of a population; and physiology borrows extensively from cell biology in describing the function of organ systems.
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The DNA has to be wrapped up very tightly to fit all of it into the nucleus.  This is a complex process involving chromatin (DNA and associated proteins).  For example, histones are groups of protein molecules that the DNA strand wraps around to help compact its shape.  For a gene to be expressed (transcribed) a section of the the DNA has to become 'unwrapped' and 'exposed' to the transcription machinery.  Methylation and Acetylation of histones play significant roles in this process.\n\nAny good, recent, biochemistry textbook will explain these issues.  If you go to pubmed, they have an online book section.  Click on any of the biochemistry books and enter into the search field "DNA, chromatin", or "DNA, histones", or "gene expression, chromatin" and you will find lots of info. and probably pictures too.\n\nBest wishes and good luck.
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A promoter is a stretch of DNA that 'drives' a gene's expression and causes it to be expressed. So this fusion would be the promoter fused to the lac-z gene.
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Come on StingRay, the question wasn't that obscure. A google search for "gene array" brings up 146,000 hits. It's also known as a micro array. A micro array tests an array of genes. The idea is based on Northern blots, which is another way of testing interactions between RNA and DNA.\n\nThe question a micro array tries to answer has to do with gene expression. It is useful to know, in a given type of cell, which genes are expressed, meaning that they are turned on, and which are not. The array basically looks at the content of transcripts in a cell, meaning the genes that have been made into RNA. When a gene is activated, RNA is produced from that segment of DNA, and then the protein is produced from the RNA (non-coding RNAs are a different topic). Looking at the messenger RNA transcripts, or mRNA, is a way of looking at gene activation.\n\nThere are various ways of doing it, and you can check the links below for more specific technical information. The short story is that a slide is made that contains a set of short sequences that correspond specifically to different genes. An array might contain tens of thousands of genes. This slide is exposed to transcripts from a cell, and where there are matches, they will hybridize, or interact. So if a slide had 10,000 representations, you could  expose it to, say, transcripts from a normal colon cell, and a certain number of genes would interact, meaning that those were turned on in that cell. You could also test lines from various colon cancers, and then see which interactions are the same, and which are different. This is a way of getting information about which genes may be involved in cancer, as well as in the development process that causes cells to define what type they will be.\n\nThere are various ways of reading out the interaction. Typically, there is a fluorescent signal, and the strength of the signal tells how strong the interaction is, which indicates how highly the gene is expressed. This is all read by computer, and output into a graphic which typically shows upregulated genes in green, and downregulated genes in red. The results are analyzed by statistical methods, and to be sure they are valid, they need to be tested again in biological systems.
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Some traits are determined by the combined effect of more than one pair of genes.  These are referred to as polygenic, or continuous, traits.  An example of this is human stature.  The combined size of all of the body parts from head to foot determines the height of an individual.  There is an additive effect.  The sizes of all of these body parts are, in turn, determined by numerous genes.   Human skin, hair, and eye color are also polygenic traits because they are influenced by more than one allele at different loci.  The result is the perception of continuous gradation in the expression of these traits.\n\nWhoops!  I didn't realize I used the same source as the answer above!  :o)  Sorry.
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I don't know how helpful my answer will be, but i will keep it short. The real answer for this question will be in a Biology textbook. \nBasicly, Genes are sequences of chemical pairings in a protein called DNA, found in the Nucleus of all living cells. There are many parts of a gene, each consisting of segments of these pairs of chemicals. When a special protein called a ribosome 'reads' these sequences, it produces other chemicals, proteins and enzymes which regulate your body's functions. \nFor example, There is a gene in your body for the color of your hair. If you are a red-head, your genes code for the release of more red-pigment by your hair follicles. \nThis control can be exerted on anything. Chemicals regulated by genes can stimulate your hypothalmus in your brain, and, for example, make you grow taller, or regulate otehr body functions that affect how you look. \n\nIn your vegetable, a gene might encode for a chemical that prtects it from bacteria or fungus, possibly slowing the decaying process caused by these organisms.
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Those terms are for individual genes, not people. A gene is made up of a pair of alleles, one from each gamete. These alleles can be one of many variations. If the alleles are identical, the gene is homozygous.
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there are databases with which you can do homology searches. best to know what genes you are looking for though as genome wide homology may be difficult to search for\ntry the ensemble database:\nhttp://www.ensembl.org/index.html\notherwise a broad literature search might be better suited. odds are someone else has already done a similar comparison.\n\nfound this old review\n\nhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6VS0-45765F9-2J-1&_cdi=6248&_user=911953&_orig=search&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F1997&_qd=1&_sk=999929996&view=c&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkWA&md5=03f894feac6d92afb553850237f34bcf&ie=/sdarticle.pdf\n\nmight be of some help. if the link doesnt work, can be found using a Pubmed search.
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There is no 'one gene' associated with asthma.  Asthma, like most chronic diseases is multifactorial (many factors) and polygenic (many different genes are involved).
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dna and genetic coding of chromosomes.
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Well, you have definitions for two different concepts: homologous genes and homologous chromosomes.\nHomologous chromosomes are essentially the ones that become paired during meiosis. They code for the same proteins and each has one version  (=allele) of the protein code. Simply put, the dominant allele will be the one that is expressed (i.e. actually codes for the protein) while the other will be inactive. Of course, there are alternative situations such as codominance in which both alleles are expressed, etc.\nThe DNA strands of the two homologous chromosomes are extremely similar, because they have the same genes, either exactly the same sequence (same alleles) or a slightly different one (different alleles). \n\nHomologous genes are those genes that occur in different species but have a hypothetical common origin. For example, some mutations result in duplicate segments of a chromosome. If the mutation is not lethal, there will be segment of DNA strand with "extra" copies of one or more genes, which are able to evolve separately and sometimes acquire a new function. \nThe researchers have to compare the DNA sequences from different species, and align them (this can be done manually or with the aid of computer algorithms) by finding characteristic DNA regions. These strands are not "identical" but rather have these comparable regions in different taxa. In addition, many homologous genes have similar functions in different species.\nFor instance, the aminoacid sequences of a protein involved in eye development are the same in humans, mice, and zebrafish, and only differ by 6 aminoacids from the same protein in the fruit fly. Therefore the codon sequence will be almost the same for this homologous gene in all these species.\nThere are entire "gene families" that presumably arose from duplication events during the evolutionary history of vertebrates.
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You have 10 to 100 Trillion cells in your body.  Every cell has the same genetic code.  How would you change that code in so many cells?\n\nAdditionally, the genome is turning out to be much more complicated than was thought just a few years ago.  Much of a gene's 'performance' is determined by 'epigenetic' regulation of the gene's expression.  You can have 'normal' genes, but if they are not being expressed properly, that is the same as having defective genes.\n\nThis is a very, very complex issue.