what is difference between microcontroller and microprocessor?
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A microcontroller is by definition a is a computer on a chip. It includes all the necessary parts (including the memory) all in one IC. You just need to apply the power (and possibly clock signal) to that device and it starts executing the program programmed to it. A microcontroller generally has the main CPU core, ROM/EPROM/EEPROM/FLASH, RAM and some accessry functions (like timers and I/O controllers) all intergated into one chip. The original idea behind the microcontroller was to limit the capabilities of the CPU itself, allowing a complete computer (memory, I/O, interrupts, etc) to fit on the available silicon real estate. \n\nMicrocontrollers are typically used where processing power isn't so important. More important are generally compact construction, small size, low power consumption and that those chips are cheap. For example controlling a microwave oven is easily accomplished with the smallest of microcontrollers. There are countless number of small electronic devices which are nowdays based on microcontroller. A modern home can include easily tens or hundreds of microcontrollers, as almost every modern device which has electronics has a microcontroller (or more than one) inside. \n\nMicroprocessor is generally just the CPU core itself, althoguh nowadays it might have some accessory parts also integrated to the same chip (for example cache memory).
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I believe the term 'microcomputer' was used EONS ago (back in the 70's and 80's) to distinguish between a computer that filled a room or two and one that had all important components in one box. These days they tend to be called P.C.'s.\nThere was a middle stage, called a 'mini-computer'.\n\nIf you're really interested in this subject (and don't want to get treatment) check out the history of computers. Fascinating stuff (yawn)
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Its a vague question, but it has an easy answer. There are several things required to "control" a computer, none more important than the other. The first is of course the CPU, which handles all the instructions the computer executes and generates many control signals for the rest of the computer. The CPU also performs aritimetic and logic functions. Next is the clock generator/controller, a circuit that generates timing and some control signals for the CPU and rest of the computer. Then there is memory, which comes in two general forms, ROM and RAM. ROM stands for Read Only Memory and RAM stands for Random Access Memory. RAM is the portion of memory where computers store temporary information. These three general circuits make up the control system for computers. But for a computer to be of any use it needs Input/Output circuits like USB, parallel, serial, video, etc.
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Hardware is the physical componentry of a computer system.  Memory chips, mice, monitors, and keyboards are all hardware.  \n\nSoftware is the information stored on the computer, so programs and data are considered to be software.  Basically, if you can email it to someone, it's software.
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Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) of systems of transistor-based circuits into integrated circuits on a single chip first occurred in the 1980s as part of the semiconductor and communication technologies that were being developed.\n\nThe first semiconductor chips held one transistor each. Subsequent advances added more and more transistors, and as a consequence more individual functions or systems were integrated over time. The microprocessor is a VLSI device.\n\nThe first "generation" of computers relied on vacuum tubes. Then came discrete semiconductor devices, followed by integrated circuits. The first Small-Scale Integration (SSI) ICs had small numbers of devices on a single chip – diodes, transistors, resistors and capacitors (no inductors though), making it possible to fabricate one or more logic gates on a single device. The fourth generation consisted of Large-Scale Integration (LSI), i.e. systems with at least a thousand logic gates. The natural successor to LSI was VLSI (many tens of thousands of gates on a single chip). Current technology has moved far past this mark and today's microprocessors have many millions of gates and hundreds of millions of individual transistors.\n\nAs of mid-2004, billion-transistor processors are not yet economically feasible for most uses, but they are achievable in laboratory settings, and they are clearly on the horizon as semiconductor fabrication moves from the current generation of 90 nanometer (90nm) processes to the next 65nm and 45nm generations.\n\nAt one time, there was an effort to name and calibrate various levels of large-scale integration above VLSI. Terms like Ultra-large-scale Integration (ULSI) were used. But the huge number of gates and transistors available on common devices has rendered such fine distinctions moot. Terms suggesting more-than-VLSI levels of integration are no longer in widespread use. Even VLSI is now somewhat quaint, given the common assumption that all microprocessors are VLSI or better.
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A memory chip allows you to store & retrieve data.  A logic chip performs a function on given data.\n\nFor example, a logic chip designed to be an Adder would take in two inputs and return one output (the addition of the two numbers).
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I'll try to keep this simple...\n\nThe processor is the primary "computing" part of the computer.\n\nThe vast majority of computers have a "single core" processor.  The thing runs so fast for most applications that when doing multiple applications, such as opening up several windows/programs, it appears as if everything is happening at the same time.  But, in reality, it is doing what is called, "multitasking."  The processor gives some time to this application, sort of puts a bookmark where it left off, goest to the next application, sort of puts a book mark where it left off, etc., until each process has had a share of time, then it goes back to the book mark of the first process, and the cycle continues.\n\nDual core processors are capable of true parallel processing, which means doing 2 applications at the same time.  To effectively use this, the operating system and software have to be able to perform this.  Windows XP can do it, but again, the application software needs the ability.\n\nQuad core processors means 4 parallel processes running simultaneously.  The same considerations are given to the operating system and software capabilities.\n\nBoth dual and quad processors have all the processors on the same chip, which means things execute quicker than if there are 2 or more separate processors on the same motherboard.  It takes longer to process with separate processors because the information has to run on the system bus, with speed limitations due to several factors.  \n\nI hope this helps.
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I am doin my BSC in Electronics n I've got a list of projects that use the 8085 microprocessor , Some of them are\nElectric motor speed Controller\nTraffic Light controller   n many more
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Centrino is not a processor you probably are refering to a Pentium M with Centrino technology. The difference is in the performance a Pentium M at 1.6 ghz can perform at much faster clocks speeds and handle more than an Intel Celeron M at 1.6 ghz.
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static implies memeory that does not lose information when power is removed.\nI have never heard of micro-controllers refered to as "static chips"\nMIKE
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Hi.  A PLC is a special microcontroller designed for industrial use, that is for controlling machinery or processes.  Usually a PLC is programmed using Ladder diagrams and specialized control software.  A microcontroller is a microprocessor that can be used for any type of application, but there some for special applications, like a PLC.  Here's a link.  Hope this helps.
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well. it looks tiny to all of us, but infact it has millions of transistors arranged in particular circuitry within itself doing the job. \n\nthis link will help you in detail\nhttp://computer.howstuffworks.com/microprocessor.htm
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hey there, here's a link I found when i was searching like you as I'm also an electronic engineering student\nhttp://www.commlinx.com.au/microcontroller.htm\nthis link has a lot of simple projects... but the links below have my favorite projects, i didn't make any yet though\nhttp://www.bobblick.com/techref/projects/propclock/propclock.html\nhttp://www.luberth.com/analog.htm\nhave fun and good luck
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It is very simple.\n\nMicro controller contains a micro processor, memory and interfacing circuits.\n\nMicro processor needs many external circuits to make it work.\n\nBut a microcontroller can work with few external circuit connections. They are most probablly, the power supply and the oscillator circuits.\n\nA micorprocessor needs lot more than this.\n\nThis is why a microcontroller is also called micro computer.
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CMOS - There is a small battery in your computer which acts as a watch. - similar to those small batteries we have on watches.
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I would say just about any, depending on what you want to control and with what (computer, microcontroller). Usually C, or C++, but also BASIC, VB, and Assembly among others.
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I would tend to think that the hardware is more advanced than the software.  Hardware, of course, was around first with simple electrical circuits; however, over time, fabrication processes for CPUs has become more refined, allowing for more components per chip, smaller chip size and thickness, heat reduction, lower power consumption, etc.  Also, newer processors have several cores working in tandem on the same chip, which is the same as having multiple processors in one small package.\n\nAnother important note is that other pieces of hardware which run independently (and can be controlled by software drivers) are keyboards, scanners, monitors, network adapters, etc.\n\nSoftware, however, has been key in designing these new processors and other pieces of hardware, simulating them, designing board layout, etc.  One key point though, software cannot completely simulate an Input/Output device.  While there are design / emulation packages out there (even virtual PC software that allows one to simulate more advanced processors on lower end hardware), I have yet to see software completely replace the following *without* any hardware whatsoever: Keyboard, mouse, scanner, printer, monitor, CD/DVD drive, speakers, wireless data transfer, etc.\n\nI would have to say that hardware is more advanced.