What is the history of PANAMA RED (marijuana) and how did it make its way to the United States?
337781
Panama Red is a legendary cannabis sativa cultivar of the 1960s and 1970s, popular amongst cannabis afficiandos. Panama Red is genetically related to Columbian Red. It is known for causing a racy, paranoia-inducing, psychedelic high. Cannabis culture died off in Panama with the rise of cocaine trafficking. Today, there are still panama red seeds available from collectors.\n\nColumbian Red is a cannabis sativa cultivar genetically related to Panama Red.\n \nCannabis : A History\nby Martin Booth \nThomas Dunne Books, 2004, 368pp.\n\n"...In this densely packed, wide-ranging history, Booth draws on religion, history, ecology, horticulture, linguistics, pop culture and medical research to correct the falsehoods surrounding the oft-banned plant and to painstakingly build his case that the war on cannabis has little to do with concerns for public health or order. Along the way, Booth introduces a dizzying parade of historical persons that includes visionaries, scientists, beatniks, farmers, artists, soldiers and smugglers. Unlike many of the other more partisan books on cannabis, the overall tone of Booth?s volume is objective, unemotional and factual-a stance that makes for fine impartial argument, but also occasionally dull reading. ... In his profile of a plant that can be an intoxicant, fiber, cooking ingredient, medicine and potential source of environmentally friendly products, he gives readers a fascinating sourcebook about "the most widely produced, trafficked and used illicit drug on earth." --Publishers Weekly \n\n\n\nAvaiable at amazon.com
810403
it is illegal because it has to many uses and is far cheaper than what is currently available and so the big company's never want it to become legal but here is the real info.\nWhy is Marijuana Illegal\n\nMany people assume that marijuana was made illegal through some kind of process involving scientific, medical, and government hearings; that it was to protect the citizens from what was determined to be a dangerous drug.\n\nThe actual story shows a much different picture. Those who voted on the legal fate of this plant never had the facts, but were dependent on information supplied by those who had a specific agenda to deceive lawmakers. You'll see below that the very first federal vote to prohibit marijuana was based entirely on a documented lie on the floor of the Senate.\n\nYou'll also see that the history of marijuana's criminalization is filled with:\n\n    * Racism\n    * Fear\n    * Protection of Corporate Profits\n    * Yellow Journalism\n    * Ignorant, Incompetent, and/or Corrupt Legislators\n    * Personal Career Advancement and Greed\n\nThese are the actual reasons marijuana is illegal.\n\nA picture named leaf.gif Background\n\nFor most of human history, marijuana has been completely legal. It's not a recently discovered plant, nor is it a long-standing law. Marijuana has been illegal for less than 1% of the time that it's been in use. Its known uses go back further than 7,000 B.C. and it was legal as recently as when Ronald Reagan was a boy.\n\nThe marijuana (hemp) plant, of course, has an incredible number of uses. The earliest known woven fabric was apparently of hemp, and over the centuries the plant was used for food, incense, cloth, rope, and much more. This adds to some of the confusion over its introduction in the United States, as the plant was well known from the early 1600's, but did not reach public awareness as a recreational drug until the early 1900's.\n\nAmerica's first marijuana law was enacted at Jamestown Colony, Virginia in 1619. It was a law "ordering" all farmers to grow Indian hempseed. There were several other "must grow" laws over the next 200 years (you could be jailed for not growing hemp during times of shortage in Virginia between 1763 and 1767), and during most of that time, hemp was legal tender (you could even pay your taxes with hemp -- try that today!) Hemp was such a critical crop for a number of purposes (including essential war requirements - rope, etc.) that the government went out of its way to encourage growth.\n\nThe United States Census of 1850 counted 8,327 hemp "plantations" (minimum 2,000-acre farm) growing cannabis hemp for cloth, canvas and even the cordage used for baling cotton.\n\nThe Mexican Connection\n\nIn the early 1900s, the western states developed significant tensions regarding the influx of Mexican-Americans. The revolution in Mexico in 1910 spilled over the border, with General Pershing's army clashing with bandit Pancho Villa. Later in that decade, bad feelings developed between the small farmer and the large farms that used cheaper Mexican labor. Then, the depression came and increased tensions, as jobs and welfare resources became scarce.\n\nOne of the "differences" seized upon during this time was the fact that many Mexicans smoked marijuana and had brought the plant with them.\n\nHowever, the first state law outlawing marijuana did so not because of Mexicans using the drug. Oddly enough, it was because of Mormons using it. Mormons who traveled to Mexico in 1910 came back to Salt Lake City with marijuana. The church was not pleased and ruled against use of the drug. Since the state of Utah automatically enshrined church doctrine into law, the first state marijuana prohibition was established in 1915. (Today, Senator Orrin Hatch serves as the prohibition arm of this heavily church-influenced state.)\n\nOther states quickly followed suit with marijuana prohibition laws, inclu
475731
In American culture, the number 420 (pronounced four-twenty) relates to the consumption of cannabis and elements of its associated culture. The exact origin of the term is unknown. Marijuana users gather on April 20 ("4/20" in U.S. dating shorthand) every year to celebrate and consume marijuana.\n\nAccepted origin\nSnopes.com, High Times magazine, The Marijuana-Logues, and The Straight Dope claim that in the early 1970s, a group of teenagers at San Rafael High School in San Rafael, California used to meet every day after school at 4:20 p.m. to smoke marijuana at the water tower. One piece of evidence supporting an origin of the term from the time 4:20 is the fact that the number is always said "four twenty". This theory is also the most cited, and the most widely-accepted. \n\nOther possible suggested origins\nMarijuana grew wild on or near Highway 420 in Ontario in the 1960s. However, Highway 420 only gained its current name in 1972. Whether or not this is true, Highway 420 is the location for an annual legalization protest every April 20th. \nAt some American junior or senior high schools, "after-school detention" ends at 4:20. Thus 4:20 signifies the time when the detainees are finally free to smoke after the school day. \nThe term could have possibly come from H. P. Lovecraft's "Within The Walls of Eryx" which contains the line, "My route must have been far from straight, for it seemed hours before I was free of the mirage-plant's pervasive influence... When I did get wholly clear I looked at my watch and was astonished to find that the time was only 4:20." This theory for the origin of 4:20 was first postulated on the official website for the rock band Tool. \nAn ounce of marijuana sold gram by gram at $15, equals $420. \n\nRefuted urban legends\n420 degrees Fahrenheit is the temperature at which marijuana burns, the primary method of use. (In reality, marijuana burns at or around 450 degrees.) \n420 is a police code for a drug bust or for "marijuana smoking in progress," or that 4:20 is or was the shift change for the police. However, there is no 420 police code. \nThere are 420 chemicals in marijuana (there are actually 315). \nApril 21 is the last day on which one is supposed to plant cannabis seeds (with the variety of planting regions and cannabis genetics, no such date can logically apply to all growing operations). \nApril 20 is approximately the last frost in the American climate, making it time to move pot plants outdoors. In actual fact the date varies from year to year, and from region to region. \n420 Day is celebrated as April 20th was the date of Bob Marley's death. Marley actually died on May 11, 1981.
993692
yes i have :]\nmarijuana is the most commonly uses illegal substance in the United States. it is used by many people, most of which aren't your stereotypical "druggie", with no life agead of them. Many of them hapen to be very successful, good people. Think about it almost if not every person who reads this paper will know (even if they don't realize it) at least one if not several regular users of marijuana. Its often made out to be much more harmful htan it really is, unfortunatly not every one realizes this. \n\nWhat many people don't realize is marijuana is much less harmful than alcohol or tobacco. Yet it's the one of the three that gets a bad rap and is illegal. Marijuana isn't even physicaly addicting. You certanly don't see meetings for marijuana like you do with alcohol and AA. Unfortunatly due to American culture the less harmful of the three is illegal.\n\nThe most common reason why marijuana can be harmful is that people can often come across laced marijuana without realizing it. Marijuana can easily be mixed with other more harmful drugs with out the buyer realizing it, until they have already used it. This is a dangerous thing that causes many people to do more harmful, hard core drugs without realizing it. If it were to be legalized the government could provide guide lines, like it does with alchol  to insure that people knew what they were putting into their bodies.\n\nMarijuana actually has many helpful benefits toward diseases / sicknesses. Marijuana can reduce nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite caused by AIDS. It can Reduce interlobular pressure, which alleviates the pain and slowing and sometimes even stopping the progress of glaucoma. Common side effects of chemotherapy are nausea, loss of appetite, and vomiting, all of which marijuana would help. It can limit muscle pain and relieve tremor nad unsteadiness of gait for multiple sclerosis patients. Marijuana can help prevent epileptic seizures in some patients. It can also alleviate chronic, often debilitating pain caused by myriad disorders and injuries. Each one of these applications have been deemed legitimate by at least one United States court, legislature, and/or government agency.\n\nDue to these reasons and many others many people are going to jail/prison on a daily basis due to simply smoking a little pot These aren't dangerous criminals that would kill or rape someone. Many of them are teachers, lawyers and respected members of their communities. But yet we still pay thousands of dollars of tax payers money to lock up non dangerous "criminals" yearly even though most aren't going to stop after they get out of jail. Don't you think the money spent here is a waste? Couldn't it be going to more useful things such as hospitals, disease research, or better schools? These are the things that would benifit the people of this country. Certanily you would rather benefit the people more than throwing a non violent pot head in jail who was only trying to smoke a joint and relax after a long days work in jail. There is up to forty million regular (note thats just the regular not occasional users) drug users in the United states. If we were to throw all of them in jail it would cost $500,000 per million people, plus the cost and space of building many more prisons. Couldm't that money be spent on building hospitals? There's already about 1.5 million people tax payers are paying to keep in jail over drugs. From 1990 to 2003, nearly 5.9 million people had been arrested for smoking marijuana. Thats a greater number than the entire population of Alaska, Delaware, The District of Columbia, Montania, North and South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming combined. This country simply can't afford to put 40 million more in jail.\n\nMarijuana should be legalized. It has many uses such as helping sick patients. People are going to smoke it no matter what the government sais, and with out govenment guidel
846049
Mariguana is a rare semi-metallic halide mined under the hills of The Netherlands, Mexico, British Columbia, Turkey, Iran and Virginia, primarily by Thracian slaves captured during the Gulf War. Before the 1850s, this ore was known to the ancient Greeks who found it in the rubble of Agean volcanos, as "Fire of Kronos", or "Kronic", due to its luminescent qualities, and the strange way time seemed to slow down when humans were exposed to it. Greek Soldiers believed that The Fire of Kronos was a good luck charm that increased appetite, prevented nausea, and enhanced appreciation of music and sex, and hoplites were known to carry rocks of the ore with them in baggies full of local weeds.
432183
Try going online and look for information on international drug trafficking, how to grow pot, and where you can find some illegal immigrants to help you watch your "garden" They will come to you!
236411
I think pot usage was wider spread back then before the government dug in with all the anti-drug campaigning and subsidies to law enforcement.  The taboo of it has been softened too.  Coke was off the hook back then, really just getting started...but I don't think it's any worse than today, considering how strong the growing darker forces of the Columbian Drug Cartel have become.  So, all-in-all, the same...basing that on information from the media and the occasional creepy book or two covering the subject from Barnes & Noble....
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"Until 1937, consumption and sale of cannabis was legal in most American states. In some areas it could be openly purchased in bulk from grocers or in cigarette form at newsstands, though an increasing number of states had begun to outlaw it. In that year, federal law made possession or transfer of cannabis (without the purchase of a by-then-incriminating tax stamp) illegal throughout the United States. This was contrary to the advice of the American Medical Association at the time. Legal opinions of the time held that the federal government could not outlaw it entirely. The tax was $100 per pound of hemp, even for clothes or rope. The expense, extremely high for that time, was such that people stopped openly buying and making it.\n\nThe decision of the U.S. Congress was based in part on testimony derived from articles in the newspapers owned by William Randolph Hearst, who was heavily interested in DuPont Inc. Some analysts theorize DuPont wanted to boost declining post-war textile sales, and wished to eliminate hemp fiber as competition. Many argue that this seems unlikely given DuPont's lack of concern with the legal status of cotton, wool, and linen; although it should be noted that hemp's textile potential had not yet been largely exploited, while textile factories already had made large investments in equipment to handle cotton, wool, and linen. Others argue that Dupont wanted to eliminate cannabis because its high natural cellulose content made it a viable alternative to the company's developing innovation: modern plastic. Still, others could argue that hemp could never truly compete with the high strength and elasticity of synthetics, such as nylon. Furthermore, hemp would have been an easy target due to its intoxicating effect, while no rational justification could have been made for outlawing cotton, wool, or linen."  (Source: www.Marijuana.com)
860506
Good question. Here is an answer. Opium comes from the poppy harvested in Afghanistan. It is used to fund the Taliban and other terrorist organizations. \n Morphine (INN)  is an extremely powerful opiate analgesic drug and is the principal active agent in opium. \n Heroin....Well you know those wonderful people who make that safe product called aspirin? Bayer... They invented Heroin. They were the first company to synthesis Morphine into Heroine. Look in your dictionary under Heroin. \nCocaine has been around a long time. It is from the coca plant grown in South America. It is processed to make it into a more powerful agent. It is rumored that it was once  in Coke but in an inert way. The type used was not the same as Cocaine. It was closer to the coca leaf. So it is not true that Cocaine was used in Coke. \n IN the case of heroin it was invented to be used as a narcotic to put people under for surgery. Morphine was used to kill pain as was Laudum. People who had cancer used it. \nNow your argument about Pharmaceutical companies is that they make mistakes,push their drugs on the market too soon. They are drug pushers. They contribute heavily to both parties. They are funded by insurance companies and HMO's as well as by doctors. They also invented these opiates.\nMarijuana is an weed or an herb. It is similar to growing Basil. The synthetic extract is THC. It too has been synthesised to make Caneb and angel dust. Both are dangerous.\n Ecstacy was not a harmful drug contrary to what people are told. But when the drug is on the open market with no regulation it is anyones guess what you will get. It was like LSD a legaly made drug. It was experimental and never hit the market because the FDA never approved it. Both were used as psycotropics. The military misused LSD. Therapist used Ecstacy.\nIf the govenment can't collect taxes on it they will be  pressed to iradicate it. \nCigarettes are legal. But alchohol is restricted. Try ordering a case of wine from California to Utah. \nYour God answer assumes there is a God. Maybe but if so man made drugs are chemicals and everything is a chemical. We are chemicals. So God made Chemicals.    \n If you want to smoke pot go ahead but look at the Bong pipe and how encrusted it is. Watch it crack from the resin. That is what is hapening to your lungs. Not to mention it makes you slow in the head. I stopped smoking due to allergys and because I was tired of being as dumb as my friends.\nA safe way to enjoy pot is to put it in brownies. No lung damage and it actually has a stronger effect. You can even use the cheap stuff. You can grow up to six plants in California. It is decriminalized. It should be legal but then plan on it costing more and becoming weaker and regulated.
909819
Pot is illegal because it was competition for the cotton grower. During the civil war it was outlawed mainly because of its fibers. Hemp (Marijuana) can grow faster then most plants and produce much more usable material than the cotton plant. Hemp can grow up to a 30 foot tap root, in search of water. Hemp seed contains more protein then the soy bean. It can be used for so much other than the drug effects. Sadly its outlawed for these reasons. As long as DuPont and DOW chemicals are around hemp will be outlawed. Also take into account all the Drug companies who provide campaign money to all the senators who have drug laws approved and denied. If pot was legal maybe someone would not be on Prozac or Paxil. Alcohol will always be legal. It makes to much revenue. From the people who manufacture alcohol to the distributers. Then the bar owners who mixes a bottle and makes a couple 100$ on it. To the state who pops people for DWI's. Then lawyers who get paid to get you off. Then the insurance comp. who rapes you every year to drive. So alcohol makes to much money and will never be illegal regardless of how many people are killed and families destroyed by alcoholism. I smoke pot when I want, and don't really care what the Feds say. So put me in jail. That's where the good pot is anyways.
595785
Yes, I think it's now the time for the cotton industry toapologize to the people of the US for bringing forth the political will to criminalize hemp and marijuana. Hemp was a competitor to the dominance of cotton. By twisting hemps cousin cannibus into a demonic substance, capable of causing reefer madness, the cotton industry bullied the population into outlawing a plant that our first president smoked. Lets stop the insanity, decriminalize, or even regulate it.
1105927
it wont be because the USA is politically against it ,there have been many studies with positive outcomes and all have been ignored by a sucession of Presidents.\n\nbefore 1920 marijuana was extensively grown by the USA and Mexico for the production of fibre.which made a durable material,cheap and it does not scorch,that was used for all the  jeans,ropes,sails for the sailing ships and millions of jute bags that were used by millions of farmers,representing a multimillion dollars business.\n\nafter 1920 with the coming of synthetic materials,which were products of the petrolium business ,which were owned by the families or associates of most of the presidents,\n\nthis competitive comodity could not be allowed to continue to exist,\nand the war on Mariujana was on.\n\nthe drug factor although it has been proven beyond doubt  by countless tests that it was a relative harmless substance compared to sigarettes,alcohol and others,was blatently ignored and relentlessly the war continued to this day.\nalthough it does worry the church, since people tended to stay up all night and question religious and philosohical beliefs.some times coming to uncomplementary conclusions of what was socially accepted.\n\nalcohol puts people to sleep and they dont question the given standards.\n\ntoday Mariujana fibre is making a come back in Europe and Africa and produce designer pantalons and shirts for very high prices because the quality is superior than linnen.\n\nthese fibre plants do not produce drugs to speak of and are worthless for the drug market .it is the fibre that is the value.\n\nand organically speaking it is an exelent plant to recuporate tired soils ,after cattle and corn field have practically destroyed the land,because the plant is deep rooted grows on most altitudes,and breaks open or loosens compacted soils as well as secreting nitrogen..
68417
Tobacco is native to the North and South America so technically nobody brought it here, it was imported into Europe which is what made it so popular and was one of the first crops to make the colonies profitable. The wikipedia article below has a pretty decent short history if you want to know more.
957314
Panama. You americans are so bloody insular!
534394
before 1920 marijuana was extensively grown by the USA and Mexico for the production of fibre.which made a durable material,cheap and it does not scorch,that was used for all the  jeans,ropes,sails for the sailing ships and millions of jute bags that were used by millions of farmers,representing a multimillion dollars business.\n\nafter 1920 with the coming of synthetic materials,which were products of the petrolium business ,which were owned by the families or associates of most of the presidents,\n\nthis competitive comodity could not be allowed to continue to exist,\nand the war on Mariujana was on.\n\nand to this day the USA does not want to return the biggest competitor to their synthetic business\n\nIn Holland and Africa Hemp fibre is making a comeback and the designer pantalons and shirts sell for very high prices because the quality is superior than linnen.\n\nthese fibre plants do not produce drugs to speak of and are worthless for the drug market .it is the fibre that is the value.\n\nand organically speaking it is an exelent plant to recuporate tired soils ,after cattle and corn field have practically destroyed the land,because the plant is deep rooted grows on most altitudes,and breaks open or loosens compacted soils as well as secreting nitrogen
130521
Do you mean in the US or in the world?\n\nIt was first smoked by the Mayan Indians and they were around from 300 to 900 AD.  Tobacco is indigenous to North America.  It was then adopted by Europeans.
720841
Many people assume that marijuana was made illegal through some kind of process involving scientific, medical, and government hearings; that it was to protect the citizens from what was determined to be a dangerous drug.\n\nThe actual story shows a much different picture. Those who voted on the legal fate of this plant never had the facts, but were dependent on information supplied by those who had a specific agenda to deceive lawmakers. You'll see below that the very first federal vote to prohibit marijuana was based entirely on a documented lie on the floor of the Senate.\n\nYou'll also see that the history of marijuana's criminalization is filled with: \n\nRacism \nFear \nProtection of Corporate Profits \nYellow Journalism \nIgnorant, Incompetent, and/or Corrupt Legislators \nPersonal Career Advancement and Greed \nThese are the actual reasons marijuana is illegal.\n\nThe Mexican Connection\n\nIn the early 1900s, the western states developed significant tensions regarding the influx of Mexican-Americans. The revolution in Mexico in 1910 spilled over the border, with General Pershing's army clashing with bandit Pancho Villa. Later in that decade, bad feelings developed between the small farmer and the large farms that used cheaper Mexican labor. Then, the depression came and increased tensions, as jobs and welfare resources became scarce.\n\nOne of the "differences" seized upon during this time was the fact that many Mexicans smoked marijuana and had brought the plant with them.\n\nHowever, the first state law outlawing marijuana did so not because of Mexicans using the drug. Oddly enough, it was because of Mormons using it. Mormons who traveled to Mexico in 1910 came back to Salt Lake City with marijuana. The church was not pleased and ruled against use of the drug. Since the state of Utah automatically enshrined church doctrine into law, the first state marijuana prohibition was established in 1915. (Today, Senator Orrin Hatch serves as the prohibition arm of this heavily church-influenced state.)\n\nOther states quickly followed suit with marijuana prohibition laws, including Wyoming (1915), Texas (1919), Iowa (1923), Nevada (1923), Oregon (1923), Washington (1923), Arkansas (1923), and Nebraska (1927). These laws tended to be specifically targeted against the Mexican-American population.\n\nWhen Montana outlawed marijuana in 1927, the Butte Montana Standard reported a legislator's comment: "When some beet field peon takes a few traces of this stuff... he thinks he has just been elected president of Mexico, so he starts out to execute all his political enemies." In Texas, a senator said on the floor of the Senate: "All Mexicans are crazy, and this stuff [marijuana] is what makes them crazy."\n\nJazz and Assassins\n\nIn the eastern states, the "problem" was attributed to a combination of Latin Americans and black jazz musicians. Marijuana and jazz traveled from New Orleans to Chicago, and then to Harlem, where marijuana became an indispensable part of the music scene, even entering the language of the black hits of the time (Louis Armstrong's "Muggles", Cab Calloway's "That Funny Reefer Man", Fats Waller's "Viper's Drag").\n\nAgain, racism was part of the charge against marijuana, as newspapers in 1934 editorialized: "Marihuana influences Negroes to look at white people in the eye, step on white men's shadows and look at a white woman twice." \n\nTwo other fear-tactic rumors started to spread: one, that Mexicans, Blacks and other foreigners were snaring white children with marijuana; and two, the story of the "assassins." Early stories of Marco Polo had told of "hasheesh-eaters" or hashashin, from which derived the term "assassin." In the original stories, these professional killers were given large doses of hashish and brought to the ruler's garden (to give them a glimps