Who created hedge funds?
355373
Actually it is the law that created them.  By defining who was and was not an accredited investor and by defining the rules under the Investment Company Act, it created a need for people who could skirt the rules of the Investment Company Act and the Investment Advisors Act.  Hedge funds, generally speaking, operate outside the disclosure and protection laws (except for true fraud).  Still because they are outside the disclosure laws, true fraud may be impossible to detect.  And some forms of fraud in the common sense understanding are written into the contracts and so are not fraud in the legal sense.  It is fraud if they illegally cheat you not if you contract away common sense rules.  Some of the abuses should be reigned in, but they cannot be because they are legal and contractual rights of the managers.
1033962
no, Fdic was created by the US government for Us funds in deposit.
340170
Zero. Seriously, institutional investors are precisely that: institutions set up to invest funds. They have highly professional staffs whose sole purpose is to evaluate different investment managers with whom they will place their money. Why on earth would they pay money to a "consultant" to do that?
663871
this is not a quick schemes becoz they invest all the investor's money in dredging, forex, project div and so on...\nswisscah is a new sector under swiss mutual fund (1948) and i already get my money from swisscash to my local bank using wire transfer....
946800
Not that I know of. Google was established by Stanford Phd students Larry Page and Sergey Brin as a research project. Both are worth 13 billion in their early 30s. \n\nGoogle just formed a partnership with Sun Microsystems though.
1110673
The biggest hedge funds and investment banks hire Ph.D.s from places like MIT to develop trading strategies.  Any worthwhile positions where arbitrage might exist are immediately exploited.\n\nThink about it like this.  If the masses could earn riskless profits in excess of transaction fees with just a few econ courses in their back pockets, how long do you think the opportunities would exist in an efficient or semi-efficient market?\n\nIf you want to pursue a trading strategy that doesn't simply track a index, read up on some of the persistent return anomalies (i.e. momentum, book to market) in the finance academic literature.  These are still contentious among academicians, so don't expect to find a how-to guide.
483476
My impression from my reading of the financial literature is that there is no combination that gives anywhere near assured returns.  Hedge funds try all sorts of combinations, but they have never hit on anything that is anywhere near a sure bet.  If you can figure out a combination that works, there are people who would like to invest millions of dollars in you.
258186
Fund derivatives are puts and calls on mutual funds, hedge funds, hedge fund indexes, and other specially designed funds. For more info, check out:\nhttp://www.epn-magazine.com/news/fullstory.php/aid/1276/Could_2005_be_the_year_of_the_fund_derivative_.html
1149920
Warren Buffet and Bill Gates.   It's been in all the papers.
946303
Fundamental analysis dates from the time of the origin of banks, the 12-13th centuries. A bank lending money, obviously is interested in the possibility of the debitor being able to repay his debts.\n\nTechnical analysts in the West dates back to the Dow Theory, named after Charles H. Dow. According to the Dow Theory, the stock market averages reflect everything known by the investment community, and their trends can be predicted. The theory describes stock price movements as a combination of primary and seconday movements.\n\nThe Japanese began using technical analysis to trade rice already in the 17th century. While this early version of technical analysis was different from the US version initiated by Charles Dow around 1900, many of the guiding principles were very similar.\nAccording to Steve Nison, candlestick charting first appeared sometime after 1850. Much of the credit for candlestick development and charting goes to a legendary rice trader named Homma from the town of Sakata.
828829
Depends on whether you are planning to serve taxable U.S. clients or international clients and tax-exempt U.S. clients (such as pension funds and university endowments).  To start a U.S. fund, you need to form a limited partnership.  Funds for international clients and tax-exempt U.S. clients are usually structured as corporations domiciled in convenient jurisductions (Caymans, Bermuda, BVI, Jersey, Guernsey, Luxembourg, etc.)\n\nTo start a serious fund, you need an auditor (and not just any auditor, but a specialist firm with an existing hedge fund practice), a legal counsel (in case of off-shore funds, two; one in the U.S., one at the fund's domicile), and an independent administrator.  Needless to say, you are also going to need a prime broker, who will also serve as custodian for fund's assets.\n\nOnce all service providers are in place, you can have your lawyers draft a private placement memorandum and have it reviewed by auditor, administrator, and prime broker.  Once the details are hashed out, you can start marketing the fund on your own or hire a third-party marketing firm to do it for you...
42337
This is unlikely, because of disclosure rules.  At least in the United States, the governors of the Federal Reserve are required to disclose their equity holdings, so that it would be obvious if their actions were being taken for personal gain.  The outgoing chairman of the Fed, Alan Greenspan, holds most of his assets in U.S. Treasury bonds to avoid any appearance of conflict of interest.  Most of the other governor's holdings are primarily in very simple investments, like index mutual funds which literally hold hundreds or thousands of stocks from multiple industries.  Again, these kinds of mutual funds are unlikely to be directly affected by any individual decision by the Fed.  The Fed also bars governors from holding stocks of companies regulated by the Fed, again making it even more difficult for the governors to profit from their decisions.
957363
Here's someone from the 19th and 20th century industrial world:\nJohn D. Rockefeller\nLater in life, he realized how much of an SOB he'd been in his rise to wealth and power and became a philanthropist in order to assuage his guilt and remorse.\n\nSome other ideas:\n- The Romans: Julius Ceasar, Nero, Caligula\n- Henry VIII (wanted a divorce that the Catholic Church wouldn't give him, so he separated from the Vatican and created the Church of England; oh, and he executed some of his wives because they couldn't bear him a son)\n- Suge Knight:  Death Row records; murder; extortion; blackmail; you name it\n\nLook into some of the CEOs of companies in the last 20 years (i.e. Enron) and look at their paychecks.  Some of these people make over $100 million dollars a year in SALARY alone!!!!
986814
hedge fund generally refers to a lightly regulated private investment fund sometimes characterized by unconventional strategies (e.g., strategies other than investing long only in bonds, equities or money markets). They are primarily organized as limited partnerships, and previously were often simply called "limited partnerships" and were grouped with other similar partnerships such as those that invested in oil development.
281407
In general you can't find out that info. I recall one fund manager mentioned that he was going to give frequent updates on portfolio positions. However I don't remember who it was.\n\nSince most fund managers fail to beat the indexes over time, the truth is it does not matter what they are doing. But the index funds for bullish positions, buy the double inverse Rydex or Profunds when in bear mode.
768763
Institutional investors are any large companies that invest money on behalf of individuals.  The answer already given is a prime example - Mutual fund managers.  Institutional investors could also be any bank, investing funds of many of their customers.  Hope this helps.
256508
The Rothschilds are a German Jewish family, not English.\n\nLooking up the history of the Bank of England ... any idea of what time frame we're talking about?