what is the difference between microfluidics and macrofluidics?
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I think what's meant is the difference made by your point of view or how you describe a fluid.\n\n\nmicroscopic:\n\nThe fluid described as discrete particles m[i] and their interactions F[i,j]. On a microscopic level each particle moves according to Newton's law.\n\nm[i] d²x[i]/dt² == F[i] == ∑ F[i,j] + external forces\n\n\nmacroscopic:\n\nThe fluid described as a continuum. Averaging over a mesoscopic Volume ∆V yields the macroscopic fields such as density ρ(x,t), velocity v(x,t), pressure p(x,t) which satisfy a continuity equation and the Euler or Navier-Stokes equation.\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navier-Stokes_equations\n\n\nThe microscopic approach is obiously a n-body problem, while the continuum "can't handle" phenomenons like phase transitions, cavitation or turbulence.
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nanotechnology is working with microchips and tiny electrical stuff.
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The term "nanotechnology" has evolved over the years via terminology drift to mean "anything smaller than microtechnology," such as nano powders, and other things that are nanoscale in size, but not referring to mechanisms that have been purposefully built from nanoscale components.\n\nPls go through following link...it will definately help you...\n\nhttp://www.nanotech-now.com/introduction.htm
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The difference is that "inline functions" are part of the language, whereas "macro functions" are really compiler directives.\n\nAs they are compiler directives, macros are handled at or before compile time by the compiler. Inline code, on the other hand, is compiled as it is written. According to the Wikipedia article about inline functions, Bjarne Stroustrup, creator of C++, recommends that macros should not be used very much.\n\nOften times, reliance on macros is considered bad coding practice and they may be less efficient -- they are definitely less intuitive. Generally, marcos are accepted in cross platform hacks, translating certain system dependent code to what it should be on a particular system (in that case, usually a particular system, like POSIX, is coded for, and hacks are used to let the code properly compile for Windows and other non-POSIX systems).
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I think you are talking about diameter and that too about graduated cylinder.\n\nThen a small measuring cylinder is more accurate than large measuring cylinder.\n\nGenerally, as a cylinder is narrowed, more precise measurements can be obtained in readings, as the graduation markings are farther apart for the same volume.
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Two substances must flow through the medium at different rates. High performance liquid chromatography operates by running a liquid through a solid column. The molecules with the same chemical properties as the solid will take longer to go through the column. If the solid is polar and the liquid is non-polar, then non-polar molecules will move through faster because they do not get stuck in the solid. Bead chromatography involves running a liquid through a column loaded with gel beads that contain some holes. Smaller molecules spend some time in the holes, but molecules too large to enter the holes go straight past the beads and exit the column first. There are different ways to separate substances and there are a ton of different chromatography methods.
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They are completely different as it was explained above. But other important difference is that a PLC could accept Analog Signals, Microcontroller is digital.
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I think you are asking something like:\n\nWhat does it mean when we say "Nanotechnology plays by different rules"?\n\nWhen we start to work on the atomic scale as is done in nanotech, classical physics can't explain the phenomena that we sometimes encounter.  Instead, quantum mechanics is used to help determine the operation of many nanoscale devices.  So nanotechnology sort of "plays by different rules" than macroscopic technology.
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It is the cross disciplinary study of merging nanotechnology and genetics; i.e using nanostructure to create nanometer size machine. For example, a nanosize red blood cell would be used to cure some ailments.
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An erythrocyte ( red blood cell ) is about 7 MICROMETRES in diameter i.e. 0.000 007 m   -->  7x10^-6 m\n\nPLEASE NOTE nanometres are a billionth of a metre i.e. a thousandth of a micrometre!!\n\nAn atom is about 0.2nm in diameter - the haemoglobin molecule itself is made of hundreds of atoms, and there are about 250,000 haemoglobin molecules in an erythrocyte!!\n\nNO CELL IS SMALLER THAN ABOUT 0.5 micrometre!!!
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Flow cytometry is a technique for counting, examining and sorting microscopic particles suspended in a stream of fluid. It allows simultaneous multiparametric analysis of the physical and/or chemical characteristics of single cells flowing through an optical/electronic detection apparatus.
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A pipette (also called a pipet) is a laboratory instrument used to transport a measured volume of liquid. Pipettes are commonly used in chemistry and molecular biology research as well as medical tests. Pipettes come in several designs for various purposes with differing levels of accuracy and precision, from single piece flexible plastic transfer pipettes to more complex adjustable pipettes. A pipette works by creating a vacuum above the liquid-holding chamber and selectively releasing this vacuum to draw and dispense liquid.\n\nPipettes that dispense between 100 and 1000 μl are termed micropipettes, while macropipettes dispense a greater volume of liquid.
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dissolve in water, like salt in water dissolves into Na & Cl  \n\nfiltration separates solids & liquids w/ dissolved solids  \n\nelectrophoresis is a technique for separating ions based on their charge-to-mass ratios\n\nHPLC \nHigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a key instrumental technique in bioanalysis, since analysis of biological samples requires the separation of an analyte, often at trace levels, from a complex matrix containing countless interfering components\ndistillation example is separating out oil from seeds
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By looking at it. A colloid has pieces that are large that will not mix in. A crystalloid has small pieces that will normall dissolve. Colloids are typically with liquids, and crystalloids, solids.
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Search these for your specific application.\n\nhttp://www.scienceresearch.com/search/\n\nhttp://www.scirus.com/srsapp/
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Similarities: They both move down a concentration gradient & they do not need ATP.\n\nDifferences: Osmosis is only for water molecules & it happens through a partially permeable membrane.
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Nanotechnology is a catch-all phrase for materials and devices that operate at the nanoscale. In the metric system of measurement, “Nano” equals a billionth and therefore a nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. References to nano materials, nanoelectronics, nano devices and nanopowders simply mean the material or activity can be measured in nanometers. To appreciate the size, a human red blood cell is over 2,000 nanometers long, virtually outside the nanoscale range!\n \n  \n \nRecently, government and private institutions have devoted substantial research into finding potential valuable uses at this scale, as discussed below.