How can heat be converted directly into electricity ?
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Heat can be compared to magnetism or gravity.  You need the movement or change of heat energy to generate electricity, just like you need movement or change of a magnetic field to generate electricity.\n\nYou can generate electricity from DIFFERENCES in heat energy levels (Seebeck effect)\n\n\nIf you're looking for a non-mechanical device, check out a Peltier junction.   This is an array of dissimilar metals (thermocouples) that will generate electricity as heat energy moves through it.   It is also a reciprocating device, meaning that if you put an electrical current through it, one side will get hot, and the other cool.  It is the technology used in portable electric travel coolers that you see these days.
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All energy eventually ends up as heat.  It's a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics
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In the laws of thermodynamics, it is stated that energy can not be created nor destroyed, but may be converted from one form of energy to another.  So, it might be better to ask how does one convert various forms of energy into thermal energy?\n\nWell, in the world of HVAC, we can burn a hydrocarbon fuel such as oil or gas (energy), and the products of the combustion process will be heat energy, light, water vapor, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide (we try to create very little of this stuff), and vaporous and particulate matter (smoke .. again, we try to create very little of this stuff too).  The heat and light energy can be placed next to, or mixed within substances that have a lower temperature, and thus heat energy will flow from the hotter products of combustion to areas and substances that are cooler (heat energy always travels from areas of higher temperature to areas of lower temperature).  If a heat exchanger is used, the above products of combustion will be on one side of the heat exchanger, and substances such as cool air or relatively cool water will be on the other side, heat energy will flow from the hot products of combustion to and through the cooler heat exchanger material, and then will flow from the heat exchanger to the even cooler substance your trying to heat such as the water or air.\n\nElectrical energy can be converted to heat energy (thermal energy) by passing a current through a device that has resistance (a resistor).  It takes electrical pressure (voltage) to push the electrons through a resistive material, but any flow of electrons through the resistive material will cause the material to heat up.  The formula P = I x E applies here and “P” will be the rate of power measured in watts, “I” stands for flow of electrons measured in amps, and “E” is electrical pressure measured in volts.  To convert watt hours to BTU's (a watt hour can be a watt that is running for one full hour), you multiply watt hours times 3.413 (I have seen conversion factors ranging from 3.412 to 3.415, I’m not sure what the exact conversion is, but any number in this range will be pretty accurate).\n\nThere are other ways of converting other forms of energy to heat energy, including mechanical energy (friction), other chemical reactions, solar radiation, nuclear reactions  etc.
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STEAM TURBINE IS THE BEST EXAMPLE\n in this process steam rotates the turbine convert heat anergy to mechanical energy, and then mechanical turbine rotates the dynamo which creates electricity.
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as hydrogen is highly combustible it can be directly used to warm water\nand to generate electricity fusion reaction can be used which give enormous amount of heat
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Heat is energy. It can be transformed from heat to another form of energy like mechanical energy, but the the second law of thermodynamics states that for a closed system entropy either increases or stays the same. This means that wasted heat energy in any system either increases or stays the same unless additional energy enters or leaves the system. If the system is the entire universe, then anytime work is done, either none or more heat is produced . . . the universe can't "unheat" or cool itself (as a whole). Pockets of the universe can reduce entropy, but only by shifting that entropy to another location in the universe.\n\nWhat does this mean? It means that all forms of work produce heat as a byproduct. Even wind produces frictional heat, and wind comes from temperature gradients (uneven heat). Electricity is produced by heat (even nuclear fission power or future fusion power heat water to produce steam to turn a turbine which turns a generator that produces electricity). Hydrogen is produced by reforming technology in refineries and requires heat. Hydrogen can be produced from water by using electricity which uses heat. Ion thrusters use electricity (currently from small nuclear power systems in space probes which produce heat to produce the needed electricity). \n\nI don't think that we're going to get away from heat energy anytime soon.
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copper can't produce electricity. it conducts electricity
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To harness the electricity usefully would be huge, but exceedingly difficult.\n\nYou could fly a kite with a wire string in a thunderstorm. \n\nDON"T TRY THIS UNLESS YOU FULLY UNDERSTAND WHAT HAPPENS WHEN 100,000,000 VOLTS DOES WHEN TRAVELING THROUGH ANYTHING IN ITS PATH!
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heat is a form of energy.
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eletricity pasess through a metal wire and then pasess through filiment which not alot of electricity can pas so it is given off as heat and electricity that does make it through goes down another metal wire.
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I dont understand your question.  How can things work without electricity?  Electricity is power.  And power is essential for any instrument to work.  Do you mean to ask about using alternative electricity?\n\nYeah you can put the fridge in snowpacked mountains which will make things inside cool.
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All power plants convert heat into electricity using steam. At nuclear power plants, the heat to make the steam is created when atoms split apart.
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heat mainly - the energy is wasted in the form of heat instead of transferable energy
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increases because there is electricity used for working the fridge and it is transformed into heat
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The basics....\n\n1. Burn something\n2. Whatever is burnt, boils water that turns into steam.\n3. The steam is used to turn turbines \n4. the turbines generate electricity\n\nFor a more detailed answer, go to howstuffworks.com or wikipedia.
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electricity is either made by chemical reactions, or by moving a magnetnic field over a copper wire, as i am sure you allready know, so the problem is geting a force that can move the magnet, to give inductance in the wire. causing a current to flow.\nwater turns the blades of a fan, or tubine whitch is conected to a magnet witch turns inside a copper coil.\nso any natural way that can generate enough force to move the magnet, can be used.\nwith nuclear the heat is made in a chamber called a reactor whitch turns the water to steam the steam turns the turbine whitch is conected to the magnet.\nif you have a propella connected to a magnet that is moved by wind that is driven by the sun, inside a copper coil you get some electricity\nin water fall the downward force of the water turns the blades, withch turn the magnet, inside a coil,\nall diffrent ways of doing the same thing.\nnot sure about forrest though, unless you burn the wood to make steam, to guess what turn the magnet inside the copper coil. or maybe you could cover the tree in magnets, and buld a copper coil next to it, then wait for the wind to sway the tree
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There are many ways to take advantage of the energy produced by the sun.  A good place to start is with a passive solar energy water heater.  They are inexpensive to install and easy to maintain.  The simplest ones use the radiant energy of the sun and convert that to thermal energy using a material that absorbs the light instead of reflecting it, in layman's terms, something black.  \n\nPhotovoltaic (solar cell) systems convert sunlight directly into electricity. A solar or Photovoltaic cell consists of semiconducting material that absorbs the sunlight. The solar energy knocks electrons loose from their atoms in a semiconductor, allowing the electrons to flow through the material to produce electricity.\n\nFor a more in-depth explanation of photovoltaic technology try this site.