how are permanent magnets made?
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You can take a magnetizable substance and change the polarity with electric coil or by rubbing another magnet in the same direction against the substance.  This will allign the mollecules changing the polarity of the object.
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A simple magnetorheological fluid can be home-made out of small magnetic particles mixed with mineral or vegetable oil. Iron filings do not work well; they are too big. Good sources for small magnetic particles are:\n\n    * magnetic inspection powder from welding shops\n    * particles from burned steel wool (after mortar and pestle)\n    * particles scraped from the surface of video tapes\n    * particles "mined" from sand with a plastic bag and a magnet (see external links)\n\nThese fluids are not very stable, however. The particles will tend to clump and the fluid properties will be lost quickly. Fluids created for professional purposes use emulsifiers to suspend very small oily (octane or kerosene) magnetic particles in water. The particles are very fine; less than a micrometre in diameter.
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http://www.vrml.k12.la.us/mike/Intech2/learning_about_magnets.htm\n\nCHECK IT OUT
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magnet \n\nAn object that attracts iron and some other materials. Magnets are said to generate a magnetic field around themselves. Every magnet has two poles, called the north and south poles. Magnetic poles exert forces on each other in such a way that like poles repel and unlike poles attract each other. A compass is a small magnet that is affected by the magnetic field of the Earth in such a way that it points to a magnetic pole of the Earth. (See magnetic field and magnetism.)
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When a current passes thru spring a magnetic feid is produced since the current pases in same direction in all coils of spring the magnetic feild will have same direction i all coils. So the N and S poles of adjascent magnets (coils) come near and thus attract. This causes the epring to reduce its length
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Basic electricmagnet....wrap thin insulated wire around a nail....connect the ends of a wire to a battery.  Increase the size of the nail....increase the number of wraps of thin insulated wire.....and lastly increase the amount of battery and you will increase the strength of the magnet.
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No one has answered for 5 hours probably because no one has heard of an incandescent magnet.\n\nA permanent magnet is usually formed from cooling a ferromagnetic material  in the presence of a strong magnetic field.  The field causes the individual magnetic domains to align parallel to the field.  When the material cools and solidifies, these small particles are no longer free to move.\n\nIf you heat such a magnet enough for it to incandesce, the tiny particles are again free to move, and will randomize their orientation to minimize the total energy of the system.
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You are misunderstanding what energy actually is.\n\nA permanent magnet has no energy as such. It just exerts a force. The works is actually done moveing the object against the force. This means if an object was far away, it already had that "potential" energy with respect to the magnet. It loses this being pulled in. It regains it if you pull it away, and you supply that energy.
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See the listing of suppliers given in the source below.  If you want to do magnetic separation, you'll want multi-domain particles, which means using particles *larger* than about 100 nm (depending on the material).
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Because the magnet is just Iron, which can be heated up a LOT without disintergrating.  In fact, the pressure keeps it as a solid, which wouldn't normally happen at that temperature.
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Electromagnets are made out of metal that can easily be magnetized by applying DC voltage. Electromagnets do not occur naturally in nature but are manmade. Their magnetism can be turned on and off.\n\nPermanent magnets occur naturally in nature.
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Mostly they use magnetic fields.
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Paramagnetic materials like Aluminum have magnetic properties, but cannot sustain a permanent dipole moment alignment. Hence it qualifies as a candidate for your question.\n\nAlso ferromagnetic materials (common ones are Cobalt, Iron, and Nickel) above their associated curie temperatures behave the same way. No permanent magnetization.
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The north and south poles will be at opposite ends of the object and will lie along the axis of the applied magnetic field that was used to produce the ring or marble magnet.\n\nThe poles in the case of the ring can be produced  on a line (axis) perpendicular to the ring (circle), or it can be produced along a line (axis) that passes through the ring material (the circle). Using the iron filings and multiple orientations will assist you in determining the general direction of the axis of the field, but will not tell you precisely where the poles are.
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Well even though humans have known about magnets for thousands of years, the real reason they work is still somewhat mysterious. Depending on how deep you want to investigate, it can be a very complicated phenomenon. \n\nA magnet is, at its foundation, caused by the movement of electrical charge (yes this is the Biot-Savart Law). When charges (like electrons for example) move, they produce magnetic fields. If a charge moves in a loop, it creates a magnetic field. The magnetic field can be basically represented by an invisible set of arrows in space, that point in a direction. In the case of the loop, the arrows of the magnetic field will point out of the loop for a positive charge moving counter clockwise (this is the so-called "right hand rule"), and into the loop for a charge moving clockwise (some pictures are in the reference attached). \n\nThe magnetic field has a "north" end and a "south end". The little arrows from our moving charge are pointing in the "north" magnetic direction, and away from the "south" magnetic direction. It is a mysterious and interesting property of electromagnetism that two objects with fields that oppose each other, i.e., the little arrows of the field do not line up, so either the north end of one field is facing the north end of the other field, or the two south ends are facing each other, repel, or resist movement of the two objects towards each other with some force. \n\nOn the other hand, if the little arrows line up, the two objects attract each other with some force. \n\nThe forces that result from magnetic fields (and for that matter, electric fields) are fundamental forces, and part of the four fundamental forces of the universe (strong, weak, electromagnetic and gravity).  It is believed that these forces are caused, at their base, by particles passing "messenger particles" back and forth. In the case of electromagnetism, the messenger particle is a photon. How this actually works is still somewhat poorly understood, and is involved with the world of quantum mechanics, which is very counterintuitive but interesting. \n\nHowever, what is important is that we understand it well enough to make models of magnetism, and to make predictions based on those models which we can verify and use. All of electricity and electric motors are based on our ability to design systems with magnets and to be able to build and use them.
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piece of metal that is exposed to an electromagnetic field\n\n\nBasically the individual atoms of the material are polarized to begin with, but they're scrambled among each other. Putting them in a magnetic field just makes many of them align and have a higher degree of directional attraction.
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Methods\n\n\nDiamagnetism\n\nA substance which is diamagnetic repels a magnetic field. Earnshaw's theorem does not apply to diamagnets since they behave in the opposite manner of a typical magnet (relative permeability μr < 1). All materials have diamagnetic properties, but the effect is very weak, and usually overcome by the object's paramagnetic or ferromagnetic properties. A material which is predominantly diamagnetic will be repelled by a magnet, although typical objects only feel a very small force. This can be used to levitate light pieces of pyrolytic graphite or bismuth above a moderately strong permanent magnet. As water is predominantly diamagnetic, this property has been used to levitate water droplets and even live animals, such as a grasshopper and a frog. The magnetic fields required for this are very high, however; in the range of 16 teslas, and create significant problems if ferromagnetic materials are nearby.\n\n\n\n\nSuperconductivity\n\nDue to the Meissner effect, a superconductor also expels magnetic fields (μr = 0), much better than a diamagnet. Due to this (and flux pinning) the magnet is held at a fixed distance from the superconductor or vice versa. This is the principle in place behind EDS (electrodynamic suspension) magnetic levitation trains.\n\n\nFeedback control systems\n\nIf the position and trajectory of the object to be levitated can be measured, the field of nearby electromagnets (or even the position of permanent magnets) can be continuously adjusted via feedback control systems to keep the levitated object in the desired position.\n\nThis is the principle in place behind common tabletop levitation demonstrations, which use a beam of light to measure the position of an object. The electromagnet (arranged to pull the ferromagnetic object upwards) is turned off whenever the beam of light is broken by the object, and turned back on when it falls beyond the beam. This is a very simple example, and not very robust. Much more complicated and effective measurement, magnetic, and control systems are possible.\n\nThis is also the principle upon which EMS (electromagnetic suspension) magnetic levitation trains are based. The train wraps around the track, and is pulled upwards from below.\n\n\nOscillating fields\n\nA conductor can be levitated above an electromagnet with a high frequency alternating current flowing through it. This causes any regular conductor to behave like a diamagnet, due to the eddy currents generated in the conductor. Since the eddy currents create their own fields which oppose the magnetic field, the conductive object is repelled from the electromagnet.\n\nThis effect requires high frequencies and non-ferromagnetic conductive materials like aluminium or copper, as the ferromagnetic ones are attracted to the electromagnet.\n\n\nHalbach arrays\n\nAnother way of stabilizing the repulsive effect is to use fields that move in space, rather than just time. This effect can be demonstrated with a rotating conductive disc and a permanent magnet, which will repel each other.\n\nThis is the principle of the Inductrack maglev train system, which avoids the problems inherent in both the EMS and EDS systems. It uses only permanent magnets (in a Halbach array) and unpowered conductors to provide levitation. The only restriction is that the train must already be moving at a few kilometers per hour (about human walking speed) to levitate. The energy for suspension comes entirely from forward motion, efficiency is good, and no extremely low temperature suspension magnets are required.\n\nHalbach arrays are also well-suited to magnetic levitation of gyroscope, motor and generator spindles.\n\n\nGyroscopic motion\n\nThe reason a permanent magnet suspended above another magnet is unstable is because the levitated magnet will easily overturn and the force will become attractive. If the levitated magnet is rotated, the gyroscopic forces from spinning and precession can prevent the magnet fro