define  fractional distillation.?
341062
Fractional Distillation\n\nseparation of components from volatile liquid: the process of separating components that have different boiling points from a volatile liquid, by first heating the liquid and then condensing and collecting the components as they vaporize\n\nMicrosoft® Encarta® Reference Library 2004. © 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
573664
Multiple Effect Distillation (MED) is the most efficient common way using 2-4 kWh/kL
89817
a simple distillation unit can be made using a bucket or nother resevior and placing plastic or plexiglass slightly above it at an angle that will direct the water that condensates on the glass into another container. this however will only remove the minerals. the water changes to a gas and then condense on the glass into a liquid again, the minerals do not
95618
basically you're talking about distilling water, which is a purification technique.  collect the water vapor and let it condense. the result is pure water.
273947
Distillation is a method used to seperate substanced based on their boiling points.\n\nIf you have a mixture of say....water and sand, one way to seperate them would be to evaporate away the water, leaving the dry sand behind.  This also works for other things, like a solution of water and alcohol.  Since alcohol has a lower boiling point (meaning that it has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature than water), it will evaporate quicker than water when you heat the solution.\n\nWhen you lower the pressure above a liquid, the liquid boils at a lower temperature.  A liquid will boil when its vapor pressure eqauls the pressure above the liquid, so if you lower pressure, you lower its boiling point.\nWhen you lower the pressure substancially (like with a vacuum) liquids will boil much easier (some even at room temperature), meaning that you do not have to heat them up quite as much in order to boil them.
968956
It appears what you really need is the heat of vaporization.  Cp lets you calculate the amount of heat needed to raise or lower the temperature of a certain mass of liquid, but that's insignificant compared to the amount of heat gained or lost with a liquid-vapor phase change.
49605
Distillation involves boiling water and then collecting only the vapor that condenses. The condensed vapor will not include salt or most other impurities. To distill, fill a pot halfway with water. Tie a cup to the handle on the pot's lid so that the cup will hang right-side-up when the lid is upside-down (make sure the cup is not dangling into the water) and boil the water for 20 minutes. The water that drips from the lid into the cup is distilled.
164163
Evaporation is vaporization of a liquid below its boiling point.
1084683
Distillation is distillation.\n\nFractional distillation makes distinct steps up the fractionating column where the distillate is chosen for it's specific properties.\n\nThe distillation of crude oil is a classic example.\n\nYou start off low down with heavy oils. Higher up you get petrols and then higher you get alcohols etc up and up to some pretty exotic stuff, all highly flammable and carcinogenic!!!
615342
Double distilled?  Probably zero.
990083
You don't give us which lab you are doing, so results would be hard to find..  For general information, do a good web search with the name of what you distilled.  I don't think you will find everything you want, but there is a large number of websites on the general subject.
1168680
To purify (separate) the product you want from impurities. For example, if you wanted to separate a mix of alcohol and water, you would use the distillation flask along with a heating mantle (like a Bunsen burner, but designed for flasks) to heat the mixture; because alcohol has a lower boiling point than water, it would evaporate faster and re-condense in the collection flask, leaving water in the distillation flask.
4591
sugars + yeast + water = ethanol ;I wouldn't drink it though unless you know what you are doing. There is always the possibility of methanol contamination that's the reason for distillation. IF YOU DRINK IT YOU COULD GO BLIND!!!
159750
Commercially:\n=============\nFractional distillation of liquified air. This method involves:\n\n1. Liquifying air which is mostly Oxygen and Nitrogen\n2. Heating liquid air.\n3. Cooling at different temperatures to collect different gases.\n\nOne of the major bi-products of this method is Nitrogen. \n\nLaboratory:\n===========\nHeating some oxide in presence of a catalyst or electrolysis.
911003
As Petroleum processing is nothing but refining Crude Oil in stages,that is mostly concerned with Distillation.Chemistry plays its main role providing details like boiling point,density,viscosity and other physical properties of the individual compounds which is extracted separately at each level of distillation column, though the process is chemical engineering.
240972
If you have a system which has, say, A, B, C and D mols of substances 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, then:\nmol fraction of substance 1 is A/(A+B+C+D) and so on for the other 3 substances, e.g. for substance 2 it's B/(A+B+C+D)
1025083
I've always assumed it was an economic choice based on the cost of the reboiler and the fractionator it serves. \n\nFor large fractionators with reboilers having a relatively large vapor load the kettle type would be more economic.  \n\nFor very small fractionators with relatively small vapor loads the thermosiphon might be more economical.