Can Pulmonary Tuberculosis be transmitted via saliva?
336079
I know TB can be transmitted through the air so I would imagine it could be easily transmitted through saliva.
24309
Yes. Any exchange of bodily fluids CAN result in the transmission of HIV or AIDS, although the risk is smaller when it is oral. \n\n"HIV is found in varying concentrations or amounts in blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk, saliva, and tears. "\n- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/facts/transmission.htm\n\n"The risk of HIV transmission from an infected partner through oral sex is much smaller than the risk of HIV transmission from anal or vaginal sex. Because of this, measuring the exact risk of HIV transmission as a result of oral sex is very difficult."\n-http://www.avert.org/orlsx.htm#q3
1167388
No one has ever conclusively shown that any HIV infection was spread by mosquito bite.\n\nIt is believed that the virus is unable to survive in the mosquito as the insect is cold-blooded, and the environmental temperature within the insect would fluctuate too much for HIV to survive (which is one reason that HIV is a blood borne disease, instead of being able to be spread by sneezing/coughing and the like).\n\nAlso, the mosquito injects anti-coagulant saliva into a wound through a hollow stylet known as the hypopharynx, but blood is drawn into the mosquito via the labrum/epipharynx - a totally separate hollow tube.  They do not inject blood back into their victim, making transfer by this method highly unlikely.\n\nThe only way that a mosquito could transfer infected blood from one victim to another would be if some blood were left on the maxillae or mandibles that they use to pierce their victim's skin, and they moved to another victim and transfered that blood before the virus expired.  The amount of blood transferred in this fashion would be minute (perhaps a few cells at the most), and it would need to be done soon after the first feeding or the virus would die.\n\nWhen you consider the number of mosquito bites per person in somewhere like sub-Saharan Africa, and the infection rates of people positive for HIV in that region, even something as unlikely as a mosquito transferred case of HIV cannot be completely and totally ruled out.  It might have happened once or twice.  There's no way to know for sure.\n\nIt is exceedingly unlikely though.
295733
lol, miss molly....that should be a bumper sticker.  "Don't share a joints with girls outside the VD clinic!"  Priceless.\n\nAnyhow, I would assume not. If you cannot catch it from the following ways, I would guess a cigarette is not much different:\n\nThere is no evidence that HIV can be spread through the following: kissing; SHARING FOOD UTENSILS, towels or bedding; swimming in pools; using toilet seats; using telephones; or having mosquito or other insect bites. http://www.intelihealth.com/ih/ihtih/wsi...\n\nAND:\n\nYou cannot contract AIDS from: beds, breathing, chewing pencils, clothing, combs or hairbrushes, coughing or sneezing, drinking fountains, door knobs, gum, hot tubs, hugging, kissing, nail files, shaking hands, sharing food or drinks, silverware, sitting in the same classroom, swimming pools, tears, telephones, toilet seats, touching \ntowels \nhttp://www.caps.ucsf.edu/capsweb/curricu...
1054368
No.  There must be an exchange of body fluids to pass on HIV, and the body fluids of the HIV+ person must come in contact with the bloodstream of the other person.  \n\nIn order to pass on the disease, the scratch would have to draw blood and the HIV positive person would have to spit in the scratch or bleed into it.  A simple scratch would not pass the virus along.
1032491
There are other diseases that mosquitos transmit, but TB, AIDS, and Herpes are not among them.  \n\nWhen the mosquito "bites" she injects a certain saliva under the skin to prevent clotting the blood.  If the blood clotted, it would clog her feeding tube.  After taking her blood meal, her feeding tube is wiped clean of blood and she rests for a few hours to digest it, thereby allowing germs on the tube to die.  \n\nMalaria, dengue fever, and west nile are carried because they actually develop inside the mosquito.  The parasite Plasmodium (for malaria) has a host inside the human, and another host inside the mosquito.  (I can send you the whole biology chapter if you want it.)  The parasite develops inside the mosquito and is then sent to the salivary glands, where it is passed on to the next human in that saliva -- about 8 hours after biting the first malaria-infected human.  \n\nAt this time, AIDS has not developed into a disease that can use mosquitos as hosts.  It can be sexually transmitted, because there are virus cells in the reproductive fluids and there are always small abrasions made during a sexual act which allows these virus cells to pass into the blood stream.  It can be transmitted by blood transfusion, or by using an injection needle more than one as is common among stoned drug users.  \n\nHowever, AIDS does not (yet) have the ability in its life cycle to develop inside a mosquito and migrate to the salivary glands so as to infect the next person.  It is unlikely that it will, because it is a virus and not a living parasite; also it is a mammalian disease and would have no effect on insect cells.  If AIDS were passed by mosquitos, using the number of malaria infections every year and the impossiblity of buy medication for either disease, everyone in Africa would have been dead for almost a century as the disease passed.  \n\nI hope that this answers some of your questions, and the implied worry, about the possible diseases passed by the mosquitos.  If you want more information just contact me!
1031419
In order to prevent TB infection, it is necessary to know the cause of spreading this disease.\n(1) Increase in HIV infection.There is a rising number of people in the developed world who contract tuberculosis because they have compromised immune systems, typically as a result of immunosupressive drugs or HIV/AIDS. These people are at particular risk of tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis disease. One third of deaths of those who are HIV-positive are TB related. Those with HIV are 100 times more likely to develop TB than other members of the population. Other people who are at risk from the disease include those with diabetes, the malnourished, alcoholics, and IV drug users\n \n(2) Increase in number of homeless individuals (poor environment and poor nutrition). Most of those infected (90%) have asymptomatic latent TB infection (LTBI). There is a 10% lifetime chance that LTBI will progress to TB disease which, if left untreated, will kill more than 50% of its victims. TB is one of the top four infectious killing diseases in the world: TB kills 1.7 million, and malaria kills 2-3 million.\n\n(3) The appearance of drug-resistant strains of TB. Multiple drug resistant strains of TB (MDR-TB) and Extreme Drug-Resistance in Tuberculosis (XDR-TB) are emerging. The World Health Organization declared TB a global health emergency in 1993, and the Stop TB Partnership proposed a Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis which aims to save an additional 14 million lives between 2006 and 2015. The development of drug resistant strains now affect up to 50 million people. These strains can be created by bad medical practice such as over-prescribing antibiotics or patients not taking the drugs long enough to get rid of the disease. Instead this encourages the bacteria to become tougher. Treating patients with drug resistant TB is beyond the pocket of many developing countries. The cost of treatment can rise from $2000 per patient with non-resistant TB to $250,000 for multi-drug resistant TB. The multi drug resistant strains are often fatal and have mortality rates that are comparable with those which existed before the development of antibiotics. \n\n(4) Immigration. Some experts also blame lax public health procedures at immigration control for the rise in TB in developed countries. Visitors arriving from less developed countries where TB is more prevalent may get little medical attention even if they admit to having the disease. Among black Africans in Britain TB rose by over 100% between the end of the 1980s and early 1990s. \nThus for preventing TB, co-ordinated effort of skilled professionals, financial support of national governments and of the world community at large are desirable.\nPlease see the webpages for more details on Tuberculosis.
1084385
Any sexual contact, including oral, can transmit STDs. If he was to have AIDS or HIV, whether he got it through sexual contact or somehow else, he could transmit it through blood-vaginal fluids contact. Let's say if he had a cut in his mouth or tongue and made contact with your vagina, he could transmit it. It's not very likely, but it could happen.
207296
TB is an extremely dangerous and contagious disease!  If you are kissing someone who has it, you need to get tested right away!  You can pass it on to your family members and other close friends!  Stop kissing the person!  Get to a doctor immediately!!!!  I am really not kidding!!!
799488
You contact HIV usually through unprotected sex, sharing needles, or blood transfusions, basically body fluids and open wounds.  Anyone is at risk for it because people who have it might not know at first and be spreading it to others, the stereotypes are usually hookers, gay people, drug users, street people but that's not really true because anyone can get it or be born with it, we just all like to think it won't happen to us.  Risky behaviors are unprotected sex, sharing needles, and open wounds that bleed and anyone else with an open wound touching something can pick up germs.  It depends on the person as to how long they live.  Some believe saliva can spread germs, others don't. I would just be all around careful if I was around someone I knew that could possibly be infected.
723574
You need to ask your doctor this question!! I'm not really sure...but as far as I know, you can't get HIV from saliva!
1153459
While less frequently diagnosed, Genital TB is cured the same way as pulmonary TB. In fact, since your particular form of TB is not pulmonary or related to the respiratory system, isolation is not necessary as there is no way for it to be transmitted through the air.\n\nGenerally TB is caused when an active, infectious pulmonary TB patients breathes the TB Germ into the air. Another person breathes the TB germ into their body and it becomes encapsulated in the lungs and inactive (TB infection). If the person is not tested (PPD or skin test) to detect the TB germ in their body and they never receive preventive treatment, over the course of their lifetime, the person may develop active TB.\n\nIf active TB develops, the most likely scenario is pulmonary TB, but TB can actually travel and affect any part of the body (and I have seen it).\n\nPreventive treatment is much preferable (one medication in most cases for 9 months) to full TB treatment ( 4 medications from 6-9 months depending on the susceptibility pattern of the TB germ). However, unfortunately many people do not complete a course of preventive treatment as inactive TB is generally asymptomatic, the person feels well and often does not feel the need to take medication.
936683
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by germs that are spread from person to person through the air. TB usually affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body, such as the brain, the kidneys, or the spine. A person with TB can die if they do not get treatment.\nThe general symptoms of TB disease include feelings of sickness or weakness, weight loss, fever, and night sweats. The symptoms of TB disease of the lungs also include coughing, chest pain, and the coughing up of blood. Symptoms of TB disease in other parts of the body depend on the area affected.\n\n\nTB germs are put into the air when a person with TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings. These germs can stay in the air for several hours, depending on the environment. Persons who breathe in the air containing these TB germs can become infected; this is called latent TB infection. \n\n\nPeople with latent TB infection have TB germs in their bodies, but they are not sick because the germs are not active. These people do not have symptoms of TB disease, and they cannot spread the germs to others. However, they may develop TB disease in the future. They are often prescribed treatment to prevent them from developing TB disease. \n\nPeople with TB disease are sick from TB germs that are active, meaning that they are multiplying and destroying tissue in their body. They usually have symptoms of TB disease. People with TB disease of the lungs or throat are capable of spreading germs to others. They are prescribed drugs that can cure TB disease.\n\n\nA person with latent TB infection cannot spread germs to other people. You do not need to be tested if you have spent time with someone with latent TB infection. However, if you have spent time with someone with TB disease or someone with symptoms of TB, you should be tested. \n\n\nPeople with TB disease are most likely to spread the germs to people they spend time with every day, such as family members or coworkers. If you have been around someone who has TB disease, you should go to your doctor or your local health department for tests. \n\n\nThere are two tests that can be used to help detect TB infection. The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is performed by injecting a small amount of fluid (called tuberculin) into the skin in the lower part of the arm. A person given the tuberculin skin test must return within 48 to 72 hours to have a trained health care worker look for a reaction on the arm. A second test is the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold test. The QuantiFERON®-TB Gold test is a blood test that measures how the patient’s immune system reacts to the germs that cause TB. \n\nA positive tuberculin skin test or QuantiFERON®-TB Gold test only tells that a person has been infected with TB germs. It does not tell whether or not the person has progressed to TB disease. Other tests, such as a chest x-ray and a sample of sputum, are needed to see whether the person has TB disease. \n\nBCG is a vaccine for TB disease. BCG is used in many countries, but it is not generally recommended in the United States. BCG vaccination does not completely prevent people from getting TB. It may also cause a false positive tuberculin skin test. However, persons who have been vaccinated with BCG can be given a tuberculin skin test or QuantiFERON®-TB Gold test.\nIf you have latent TB infection but not TB disease, your doctor may want you to take a drug to kill the TB germs and prevent you from developing TB disease. The decision about taking treatment for latent infection will be based on your chances of developing TB disease. Some people are more likely than others to develop TB disease once they have TB infection. This includes people with HIV infection, people who were recently exposed to someone with TB disease, and people with certain medical conditions. \n\nTB disease can be cured by taking several drugs for 6 to 12 months. It is very important that people who have TB disease finish the medicine, and take
1084851
If the guy has a cut on his penis that is open or if he has a sore on his penis then yes, he can contract HIV from oral sex.  But HIV is mainly transferred by semen or blood, not so much from saliva, but just be careful anyway...hope this helps!
743994
Herpes is the big one. The only way you can gets aids from an oral transfer is if you have any sores in your mouth, on your lips,gums, tongue, etc. His infected fluids have to get into your bloodstream directly to infect you with aids.  You should not be giving oral sex to someone if you have the slightest suspicion they have something. They may look perfectly 'clean' and normal and still be carrying something. Take care of yourself.
529622
AIDS is a very deadly disease with a 100% death rate. It is transmitted through body fluids like blood and sexual fluids. there is almost no way of getting AIDS from kissing. the only way might be if she has cuts or sores in her mouth and you have cuts and sores also. sweat or urine dosn't transmit it eather.
167877
Initially a feeling of malaise and a mild cough, which may produce green or yellow mucous. As the disease progresses, the quantity of sputum increases; and there may be blood in it. A characteristic symptom is waking at night covered with sweat. Fluid in the pleural space make the sufferer short of breath. Occasionally the infection will spread to other parts of the body, including the kidneys, the bladder, the prostate, or the ovaries. The tuberculosis bacterium can attack the skin, heart, brain, or bones.