how did work done by the steam engine compare to work done by horses?
347105
.Steam engines could operate for a Lot longer before one had to shut them down for maintenance. Horses had to be rested often and since they were living creatures were subject to get sick, weaken with age, and had to be trained in the first place. The work horse did have some advantages over the early steam powered machines as the could go places where the engines could not go. As an example they used horses in the logging industry to bring the logs out of the forest to the mill which was powered by steam. One other thing the horses were much friendlier to the environment.
151249
1.) To answer how they work you would have to have the kind of steam boat it is because thier are many, here the site where it tells the ins and out of alot of steamboats (http://www.steamboats.com/) The paddles squeaked enormously and turn the wheel which forced resistance against the water thus creating movement at a rel 2.) In 1787 John Fitch made the first steam boat 3.) In America on the Deleware River
587903
Steam isn't "hotter", it's still at 100°.  What it has though is more heat energy in it kg for kg.  The extra energy is the heat of vaporization and it's the reason the steam takes up so much more volume than the water at the same temperature.  The water molecules have the same average kenetic energy - temperature - but they occupy much less space.
472249
You could make a very good argument for steam engines. Steam engines essentially created the logistics part of business, and made it possible for food to be distributed all over the country. Steam locomotives created a boom in coal and steel industries and made available a less expensive faster mode of travel for people.
156475
Moving water as in a river or water tuned to steam can turn a turbine and produce electricity.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbine
356872
They couldn't. It took many years of improvements in agricultural technology before that could happen. \n\nThe most useful thing to the serfs was the invention of metal plows. Before that they used a wooden scratch plow. This was designed for tilling soil in the Mediterranean region but was horrible for tilling the hard soil further north. When they were able to make deeper furrows they were able to plant their crops deeper which protected them from the elements resulting in a greater crop yield. \n\nAnother important invention was the creation of a new kind of harness that allowed them to work the land with horses instead of oxen. The old design cut off too much of the horse's windpipe. Naturally, a suffocating horse isn't a good worker. So they used oxen which didn't suffocate but were slow and difficult to work with. With the new harness they could use faster horses and work more of the land.
805197
wagons, horses, trains, canals, steamboats, and uh FEET!\nalso in the early 1900's they began making cars
902019
I'm actually jealous of you.  To work with horses must be an amazing experience.
83167
I assume you want to compare the gasoline engine to a gas turbine not a steam turbine. If you are talking about shaft power, then the gasoline engine is but it you fully utilize the heat in the exhaust of a gas turbine then the gas turbine with heat recovery is the winner hands down. Now if you recover some of the heat from the exhaust of the gasoline engine then they come closer together.\n\nIf you are talking about a steam turbine then you need to be careful where you draw the envelope to measure efficiency. Do you enclude the efficiency of the boiler, feedwater and condensate system? Like wise what about the systems needed to produce the gasoline for the engine?
536051
this information from wikipedia:\nThe horse (Equus caballus or Equus ferus caballus) is a sizeable ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. Horses have long been one of the most economically important domesticated animals, and have played an important role in the transport of people and cargo for thousands of years. Most notably, horses can be ridden by a person perched on a saddle attached to the animal, ridden bareback, and are also widely harnessed to pull objects like wheeled vehicles or plows. In some human cultures, horses are also widely used as a source of food. It has been suggested that isolated domestication may have occurred as early as 10,000 years ago, but clear evidence of widespread use by humans dates to around 2000 B.C., as evidenced by the Sintashta chariot burials, thus firmly establishing the domestication of the horse; however, the ability to have a horse (or horses) willingly pull a chariot (or any wheeled vehicle) implies many generations of selective breeding and a large store of knowledge about horse behavior, which pushes the date of whatever we choose to call "domestication" considerably backwards.\n\nPresently, there are many types of horses. Some are very well known for certain particular qualities or abilities: Thoroughbreds are known for being race horses, while miniature horses serve as mounts for very small children, if they are ridden at all.\n\nUntil the middle of the 20th century, armies used horses extensively in warfare; soldiers still refer to the groups of machines that have replaced horses on the battlefield as "cavalry" units, and sometimes preserve traditional horse-oriented names for military units (Lord Strathcona's Horse).
902589
Wow. There are a lot of bad answers here. For a given mass, steam will have more energy than water. The difference is called the 'heat of vaporization'. One thing to be carefuls about, of course, is that a given mass of steam will occupy much more volume than the same mass of water.
517567
In mughal india, they mainly used chariots, horses, elephants, and boats. The royal people used most of these and they also used palanquins. Commoners travelled on foot, or on horseback or camelback.
67246
Most notable was Watt's 1769 patent for a separate condenser connected to a cylinder by a valve. Unlike Newcomen's engine, Watt's design had a condenser that could be cool while the cylinder was hot.\nFor a complete history of the steam engine see link below
40961
Benefits:\nThe invention of the steam engine was one of the most important innovations of the industrial revolution. This was made possible by earlier improvements in iron smelting and metal working based on the use of coke rather than charcoal. Earlier in the 18th century the textile industry had harnessed water power to drive improved spinning machines (see spinning jenny) and looms (see flying shuttle). These textile mills became the model for the organisation of human labour in factories\n\nIndustrialisation also led to the creation of the factory. \n\nThe Industrial Revolution could not have developed without machine tools, for they enabled manufacturing machines to be made. \n\ntextile Manufacturing\n\nMining Industry and Metallurgy Industry\n________________________________________________\n\nHarmful Effects:\n1. Child Labor\nChild labour existed before the Industrial Revolution, and in fact dates back to prehistoric times, but during the Industrial Revolution it grew far more abusive than ever before.[1] Politicians tried to limit child labour by law. Factory owners resisted -- they felt that they were aiding the poor by giving their children work from the age of five years onward. In 1833 the first law against child labour, the Factory Act of 1833, was passed in England: Children younger than nine were not allowed to work, children were not permitted to work at night and the work day of youth under the age of 18 was limited to twelve hours. Factory inspectors supervised the execution of this law. About ten years later, the employment of children and women in mining was forbidden. These laws improved the situation; however child labour remained a problem in Europe up to the 20th century.\n\n2 Housing Situation\n\n3 Luddities\nThe rapid industrialization of the English economy cost many craft workers their jobs. The textile industry in particular industrialized early, and many weavers found themselves suddenly unemployed since they could no longer compete with machines which only required relatively limited (and unskilled) labour to produce more cloth than a single weaver. Many such unemployed workers, weavers and others, turned their animousity towards the machines that had taken their jobs and began destroying factories and machinery. These attackers became known as Luddites, supposedly followers of Ned Ludd, a folklore figure. The first attacks of the Luddite movement began in 1811. The Luddites rapidly gained popularity, and the British government had to take drastic measures to protect industry.
48837
From Hemisphere Experiment to Neurobiology and Factory Automation\n\nIn the 17th century, 12 brewery horses and two metal hemispheres made Magdeburg famous among scientists and scholars throughout Europe. Otto von Guericke proved that a vacuum could exist with his first "Magdeburg Hemisphere Experiment" in 1657. And he offered onlookers an entertaining spectacle in the process. In the courtyard of his house in Magdeburg, he harnessed 12 horses to two metal hemispheres that had been joined together and emptied of air. Despite their combined traction power and numerous attempts, the horses were unable to pull the hemispheres apart. Not until the pressure valve was opened and air filled the sphere did the two halves separate, virtually unaided. The ”Magdeburg Hemisphere Experiment” created immense scientific resonance in Germany and around the world. This led von Guericke to repeat the experiment many times in the years that followed – sometimes with up to 16 horses. \n\nOtto von Guericke – scientist, city planner and occasional mayor – plays a role in the city on the Elbe to this very day. The Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg was named after him and the city logo (”The City with Traction Power”) features a representation of his hemisphere experiment. The spirit of invention is still important in Magdeburg even today, nearly 400 years after von Guericke’s time. Research and science in the 21st century no longer take place in the back courtyards of downtown, however, but in the laboratories and think tanks of international institutions. These include the Leibniz Institute, the Max Planck Society and the Fraunhofer Institute.\n\nResearch Focus on Engineering Science\n\nThe goal of the Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operations and Automation (IFF) in Magdeburg is practice-related research and development for production engineering. Some 100 employees research and implement innovative production systems and services in cooperation with small and mid-sized companies, industry and public contractors. The IFF not only employs academically trained engineers and industrial engineers, but also mathematicians, physicists and computer scientists. Research covers everything from industrial image processing via virtual reality to robotic applications. In addition to its own research, the IFF also maintains close contact with the university. A total of 50 ”Diplomarbeiten” (theses for the German ”Diplom” degree) were supervised at the Fraunhofer Institute in 2000. The IFF also offers practical training periods for students at schools and institutions of continuing education.\n\nThe Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems also specializes in engineering science. Founded in 1996, the research institution is the Max Planck Society’s first engineering science institute and a link between natural sciences and industrial application. Just like the Fraunhofer Institute, the Max Planck Institute relies on good cooperation with the nearby university, especially with the department for process and system engineering. The focus of research is on the analysis, synthesis and design of process and bio-process engineering procedures used for conversion and separation of materials. \n\nThe Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (IfN) doesn’t concentrate on technical research, but rather on learning and memory. Interdisciplinary, basic research plays a particularly important role here. The IfN is divided into three departments, several research units and special laboratories. It examines topics such as the mechanisms of learning and memory, and disorders associated with these processes. Additional points of scientific emphasis include the functional organization of languages in humans and human formation of associations and memory.\n\nGood at holding radar detectors and Sirius sat Radios to the windshield.
377888
Those in the Millwright union work on heavy machinery, generally stationary. Like the kind of machinery you would find in power plants or manufacturing facilities. Huge motors or generators, shafts no human could lift, piping and valves.
8888
Steam generators produce steam not condensation.  A steam generator (e.g., in a nuclear plant) generates steam that can be used to drive a steam turbine to generate mechanical or electric power.  The oldest systems (non-nuclear) discharged the steam wastefully to atmosphere.  In modern plants, exhaust steam from a steam turbine is directed to a steam condenser (where cooling water is used to condense the steam).  This allows the condensed water that must be highly pure and chemically treated to be reused by pumping it back to the steam generator.  More importantly, because the steam condenser reduces the turbine exhaust pressure well below atmospheric pressure, the steam is permitted to expand even more through the turbine blades extracting more power from the steam.  This greatly improves overall system efficiency by providing far more power from the energy expended to produce the steam.