information on parenchymal renal disease in children?
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parenchyma is to do with the functional part of an organ, as opposed to the supporting tissue. Renal function tests for assessing the function of the kidneys, which include measurements of the specific gravity of urine, creatinine clearance time, and blood urea levels, as well as intravenous pyelography and renal angiography.
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Mucopolysaccharidosis with excessive chondroitin sulfate B in urine, characterized by dwarfism and deafness. It is caused by a deficiency of N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase (arylsulfatase B). \n\nI did a search on comcast and found one pdf file in english (7th one down).  I can't open on my computer, maybe it will work for you.\nhttp://www.comcast.net/qry/websearch/?query=mucopolysaccharidose&cmd=qry&safe=on&x=38&y=10
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To answer this question, you will need to consult with your doctor.  A radiologist will have to review the CT scan with you doctor in order to determine the significance of the irregular density in the lower poles of your kidneys. You may require an additional CT scan with contrast or and MRI with contrast to determine what these densities are.\n\nA 'renal scan' will not be helpful in this case.  This is a 'functional' test and measures the ability of the kidneys to excrete (pass) a nuclear 'dye'.  It can be used to compare function between your kidney and is often used as a test to help determine a condition where there is decreased blood flow to one of the kidneys (a condition called renal artery stenosis).\n\nIt is important to make sure that these densities are a normal variant and not something that you have to worry about (for example kidney cancer).  Given that they are in the same location and on both sides I would think that this is highly unlikely, but this is always important to determine.  Suggested further testing, if needed, is usually part of a CT report, but I would make sure that these densities are benign.\n\nUnfortunately, you are complaining of pain.  Irregular densities, solitary cysts, and even cancers rarely cause pain.  Medical testing is designed to eliminate (rule out) causes of diseases that are harmful and usually does a good job of this.  However, the absence of any findings on the CT  to explain the pain you are experiencing does not mean that the cause of the pain can't be determined or that the pain can't be treated.  There are many causes of back pain/kidney pain that are not picked up by a CT.\n\nPlease follow up with your doctor and make sure he or she is answering your questions.  Best of luck.
186411
how about dropping all salt intake??  avoid all salty foods.\nif symptoms persist, asked your doc about other higher end anti-biotics.\n\nTIP: AS MUCH AS POSIBLE, AVOID TETRACYCLINE DERIVED ANTIBIOTICS.  THEY CAN CAUSE RENAL DAMAGE. (NEPHROTOXIC)\nI SUGGEST YOU GO FOR A SECOND OPINION. \n\nJOMAR S.T. NDGM '96
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What is kidney failure? \n\nThe function of the kidneys is, among other things, to get rid of the waste products that result from the body's metabolism. \n\nOne of the major by-products of the metabolism of protein (muscle) is urea. The kidneys remove the waste products by extracting them from the blood and sending them along the ureter to the bladder, from where they are excreted in the urine.\n\nIf the kidney function fails, the waste products accumulate in the blood and the body. The term for this build-up is azotaemia. \n\n \nTerm watch\n\nAzotaemia is the build up of waste products that accumulate in the blood and the body when the kidneys fail to function. \n \n \nVery mild levels of azotaemia may give little or no symptoms, but if the kidney failure continues then symptoms will start to appear. \n\nIf the kidney (or renal) failure is of sufficient degree to cause symptoms, it is called uraemia.\n\nWhat causes renal failure? \n\nRenal failure can happen rapidly - over days, weeks or months (acute renal failure) or slowly over a period of years (chronic renal failure).\n\n\nAcute renal failure\n\nThis may occur with any serious illness or operation, particularly those complicated by severe infection. If the blood supply to the kidneys is reduced considerably from blood loss, a fall in blood pressure, severe dehydration or lack of salt, then the kidneys may be damaged. If this problem lasts long enough there can be permanent damage to the kidney tissue.\n\nSudden blockage to the drainage of urine from the kidney can cause damage. A kidney stone is a possible cause of this. \n\nAcute kidney damage can occur as a rare side effect of some medications and other rare conditions. \n\n\nChronic renal failure\n\nThere are many causes of chronic renal failure, including inflammatory conditions affecting the kidney tissue, as a complication of long-standing diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes), chronic blockage to the drainage of the kidneys and as a result of certain inherited conditions such as polycystic kidney disease. Often, the cause has occurred many years earlier and cannot be identified.\n\n\nWhat are the symptoms?\n\n\nAcute renal failure\n\nHere the symptoms are largely those of the condition causing the kidney failure, such as:\n\n\nblood loss, causing a drop in blood pressure.\n\n\nvomiting and diarrhoea, causing dehydration.\n\n\ncrush injuries. If large amounts of muscle are damaged there is a release of toxic protein substances that are harmful to the kidneys.\n\n\nSudden blockage of urine drainage.\n\n\n\n\nChronic renal failure\n\nThe damage to the kidneys is usually 'silent' and not noticed at an early stage. It may be discovered incidentally from blood or urine tests done for other reasons. High blood pressure very commonly occurs with it. Symptoms are uncommon unless kidney failure is far advanced, when any of the following may be present:\n\n\ntiredness\n\n\nitching\n\n\nloss of appetite\n\n\nnausea and vomiting\n\n\nbreathlessness \n\n\nfluid retention, shown as ankle swelling (oedema)\n\n\nweakness.\n\n\n\n\nHow is renal failure treated? \n\n\nAcute renal failure \n\nMost causes of acute renal failure can be treated and the kidney function will return to normal with time. Replacement of the kidney function by dialysis (artificial kidney) may be necessary until kidney function has returned.\n\n\nChronic renal failure\n\nChronic kidney damage is usually not reversible and if extensive, the kidneys may eventually fail completely. Dialysis or kidney transplantation will then become necessary.\n\nChronic kidney failure is a serious condition which needs urgent attention when it is diagnosed, but the kidney damage is usually 'silent' and not noticed at an early stage.\n\nOccasionally it may be possible to identify and treat the cause of the renal failure itself. More commonly the treatment has to be non-specific. In all cases, careful blood pressure control is extremely important in slowing the pr
22112
At stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) you will most likely notice the following three things. 1st you will become uremic (urine in the blood) from a buildup of urea (a nitrogen waste product) in your blood. This can cause lethargy, difficulty sleeping, trouble concentrating, and nausea/vomiting. 2nd you may start to develope edema (swelling caused by fluid) in your ankles, on your abdomen, in your face or eyes, and in your lungs. This is due to the inabilty of your kidneys to remove excess water from your blood. This can cause difficuly breathing. 3rd you could have an increased potassium level from your kidneys inability to eliminate the extra potassium your body doesn't need that is in the food you eat. An increased potassium level can cause your heart to beat irregularly and you could have a heart attack.\nContinue to treat your cause of kidney disease, it might not progress to CKD 5, at the least you can have more time before you need dialysis.\nThere are two main choices you have for dialysis (this is assuming that you don't change your mind about a transplant). You can have hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Hemodialysis takes between 3 to 5 hours 3 times per week. There are several people who still even continue to work while they use this option. Others do nocturnal dialysis where they dialyze 8 hours at night 3 times per week. Even more of those people work. Peritoneal dialysis is where you dialyze at home by using special bags of fluid that are prescribed by a doctor. Many people that choose this option have a high quality of life.\nCKD is not the end of all quality life. Many people live for many quality years now thanks to new advacements in CKD treatment options.\nGood luck, I wish you the best. Check the website below for more information.
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Your answer is Medicare, not Medicaid.  Medicare covers dialysis treatments for end-stage kidney disease patients.  Talk to your mother's facility manager or social worker where she gets dialysis and they will assist you in making sure Medicare pays for the dialysis.\n\nFor more information, read Medicare Coverage of Kidney Dialysis and Kidney Transplant Services found at:\nhttp://www.medicare.gov/Publications/Pubs/pdf/10128_LE.pdf
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http://health.howstuffworks.com/kidney1.htm\n\ntry this site.  to the point and easy to understand....
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After kidney failure, various waste products can build up in the blood, and each kind can have different effects on your health. \n\nSalt can increase blood pressure, so you may be encouraged to reduce salt intake. (Salt also has the effect of increasing thirst, so it makes it more difficult for patients to restrict their fluid intake).  \n\nPotassium is a mineral which is found in the cells of body tissue, and any excess would normally be removed by the kidneys. Too high a level of potassium is bad for the heart - in extreme case it may even cause it to stop. \n\nPhosphate is a substance that is widely found in foods. It works very closely with the mineral calcium, and the healthy body keeps these two substances in balance. High phosphate levels may be associated with itch and over the longterm can damage blood vessels. \n\nProtein is an essential nutrient that enables the body to build muscles. Low levels of protein can lead to fluid retention and to a reduction of the body’s ability to fight off infections. \n\nSome patients may need vitamin B and C supplements. \nIron levels may drop and cause anaemia, this can be replaced with iron tablets.
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NO Renal failure is very serious and will kill a person with in a week.\n\nYou as a Physician should know this or you are a medic and not a Doctor.\n\nAs a Navy Hospital Corpsman I would immediately draw the appropriate blood samples and get a stat result.  this will show if the person is trying to pull a fast one.
1105228
Pyelocaliectasis is a congenital ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction and the most common cause of upper urinary tract obstruction in children. By definition, this diagnosis signifies functionally impaired transport of urine from the renal pelvis into the ureter. Early and complete obstruction, which is rare, leads to total nonfunctioning. A narrowing of the junction of renal pelvis and ureter is the most common cause of primary congenital UPJ obstruction. Late and partial prenatal obstruction leads to varying degrees of pyelocaliectasis and functional renal impairment. With the advent of prenatal sonography, most UPJ obstructions are now detected in utero.
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pregnancy could be the cause or faulty nutrition \n \na good website with some other possibiltites is http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/sym/abdominal_mass.htm\n\nlet me no if this helps, i hope it does\n\nWhen a kidney is enlarged, one has to determine whether the kidney tissue itself (what makes the urine) is larger than normal, or whether the collecting system, that which collects the urine and transports it to the bladder, is larger than normal. Usually, enlargement refers to the collecting system and in a very crude sense means that the "plumbing" is distended or larger than normal. \n\nThis can be due to many causes. The greatest concern is whether the dilation is due to a partial obstruction in the drainage system. Another cause can be backflow of the urine from the bladder to the kidney, called reflux. Other causes can be abnormal bladder function such as infrequent voiding patterns or excessive voiding related to an overactive bladder. Often, however, the dilation can be normal, indicating that there is no abnormality and the child simply has large "pipes" so to speak. X-ray tests can help differentiate between these different possibilities.
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http://www.webmd.com/search/search_results/default.aspx?query=kidney+stones&sourceType=all\n\n\ngo here. it has a lot of info!
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Sympstoms\n1.Changes in Urination\nKidneys make urine, so when the kidneys are failing, the urine may change. You may have to get up at night to urinate. Urine may be foamy or bubbly. You may urinate more often, or in greater amounts than usual, with pale urine. \nYou may urinate less often, or in smaller amounts than usual with dark colored urine. Your urine may contain blood. You may feel pressure or have difficulty urinating. \n\n2: Swelling\nFailing kidneys don't remove extra fluid, which builds up in your body causing swelling in the legs, ankles, feet, face, and/or hands.\n\n3: Fatigue\nHealthy kidneys make a hormone called erythropoietin (a-rith'-ro-po'-uh-tin) that tells your body to make oxygen-carrying red blood cells. As the kidneys fail, they make less erythropoietin. With fewer red blood cells to carry oxygen, your muscles and brain become tired very quickly. This condition is called anemia, and it can be treated.\n\n\nPrevention:\nKeep your blood pressure below 130/80. Learn to check your blood pressure at home. \nIf you have diabetes, keep your blood sugar as close to normal as possible. Your doctor will want you to check your blood sugar several times each day. \nMaintain a healthy weight. This can help you prevent other diseases, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. \nMaintain healthy levels of fats (lipids), such as cholesterol and triglycerides. \nDo not smoke or use other tobacco products. Smoking can lead to atherosclerosis, which reduces blood flow to the kidneys and increases blood pressure.
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The main job of your kidkeys is to clean certain waste products from your blood. They do this by carefully filtering your blood, and what they filter out becomes your urine. This means that when you pee, you are removing the waste products produced throughout your body which your kidneys expertly removed from your blood.  \n\nThis kidey's job is very important. If your kidneys stop working, these waste products can build up in your blood and over the course of a week or so will reach levels that can kill you. Fortunately, dialysis is a way to keep that from happening.\n\nDialysis is basically a way to have a machine play to the role of your kidneys and filter your blood for you. There are two main types of dialysis-- peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. In peritoneal dialysis, a tube is placed in your abdomen and your abdominal cavity is filled and flushed several times a day with a special fluid. In hemodialysis, needles are placed in your arm and your blood flows through a special machine. In either case, what is happening is that certain waste products are being removed from you blood, just like your kidneys would normally do. Both of the methods work, and your doctor can help you decide which is best for you.\n\nUnfortunately, people who begin dialysis often will require dialysis for the rest of their lives. Sometimes people can receive a kidney transplant. If you get a new kidney, you can stop dialysis since your new kidney can begin filtering your blood for you.\n\nStarting dialysis can be scary. It often means that a person's kidney disease has become worse. Still, people on dialysis lead full and productive lives. Even some famous actors and professional athletes have been on dialysis. Although it can seem scary at first, dialysis is a way to help people with serious kidney disease live a long and rich life.\n\nThe best person to talk to is your doctor. Your doctor can help you understand the details specific to you, and can explain more about what you can expect from dialysis.\n\nHope this helps!
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http://www.kidney-failure-symptoms.com/\n\n\nSometimes the underlying problems are related to complications of a long-term disease such as diabetes.  Read on.
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normally kidney function