what is there to know about avalanches?
348936
They mostly go downhill, but not always.
521942
You could talk about ladder safety. I used it as an example in a letter to the editor that I wrote recently and it got published. Good luck.
799537
Erratics are boulders transported and deposited by a glacier. Their composition (lithology) is different than the bedrock upon which they are sitting.\nThe Great Lakes region was once covered by glaciers. Photos of glacial erratics in Wisconsin at second url.\nPhoto and location of erratic in New York, third url.\nPhoto and discussion of erratics in Minnesota, fourth url.
1117997
National Geografic website has a lot of information about it. \nIf you go to the linlk provided and then to the section of Natural Forces, you will find a lot of material to support your research. \n\nSecond link is about simulate and understand these events, explaning how it works at all their levels. You can find it to Earthquake, Hurricane, etc. I've putted the link to Vulcanoes\n\nGood luck
893593
The best way to observe this will be from abutments in layers, one layer within the soil zone will be directly on top of and/or cut off layers below.\n\nThe induvidual features each have their own special features.  Debris flows are matrix-supported with large chuncks on top toward the middle of the deposit.  slumps will have extensional features at the top (cracks), and compressional features at the base (folds).  They are also associated with springs along the plane of weakness.  Slides will be normally graded (big on bottom, small on top).\n\nLahars are completely different, and have volcanic origins.
792463
Sure. Here are a few:\n\nhttp://www.conspiracyarchive.com/images/ball-lightning.jpg\nhttp://www.daviddarling.info/images/ball_lightning_3.jpg\nhttp://cerncourier.com/objects/2000/cernphysw1_4-00.jpg
82554
Here is a website for you to look at:\n\nhttp://www.its.caltech.edu/~atomic/snowcrystals/primer/primer.htm
216526
If you get caught in an avalanche, try to 'surf' the sluice of snow by lying on your back and using your ruc-sac as a sledge. If you're trapped under snow, extend your arms in front of you to create some kind of breathing space. Amazingly, snow contains enough oxygen to keep you alive for a relatively long time - or for as long as hypothermia takes to set in, which could be a matter of a twenty minutes. First your brain will stop working, then your heart. If you have to dig yourself out, you can tell which way is up simply by letting saliva fall from your mouth and heading in the opposite direction. Be careful of telltale impending avalanche signs - very heavy fresh snow on already packed snow, sudden strong winds, rapid fluctuations in temperature during a particular day. The first three months of the year are particularly hazardous for avalanches.
1149752
Where there any geological hints previous?\nHow was the emergency action plan enacted?\nWhat was the survival rate in the ash zone?
274127
Growing up in Buffalo NY, I know a thing or two about snow... to say nothing of assorted blizzards, snowstorms and snow emergencies. Four feet is definitely excessive (this is the price you pay for living in the mountains, alas) and you'll not be able to get around until the roads are cleared. So, the first thing you do is stay put (assuming you're safely at home with plenty of provisions, heat, electricity, running water, etc.).\n\nI don't have to "imagine" what to do when encountering this sort of situation because I have done so, on several occasions. This is why I've always made sure to really stock up on provisions during the winter months. As for favourite things to do in such an event, as a kid I loved getting right out there with my siblings and friends and having a blast making snowmen and snow forts and having awesome snowball wars, etc. Getting to have off school was always nice, too.\n\nAs an adult, it's more a matter of taking care of business (with a wee bit of fun mixed in). So there's the snow shoveling to attend to (including rescuing the buried car) and making sure the area around the external heating unit is clear of snow. Huddling by the fire generally occurs after business has been attended to, which means the fingers and other extremities are already plenty numb. \n\nI've countless good memories of such snow events but instead of boring you with any specific stories, I'll just leave my comments to stand alone in conveying the message. I do hope you manage all right and otherwise try to enjoy the experience. It's certainly something you'll remember and doubtless share with your grandchildren one day. Keep us posted, ok?
6091
'Each year, as the ice begins to skim Minnesota’s lakes and ponds, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources receives hundreds of phone calls from anxious anglers who all have the same basic question: "Is the ice safe yet?" That’s when I whip out my trusty stock answer: "No, ice is NEVER safe."\n\n[...]\n\nHere are a few general guidelines for use by winter recreation enthusiasts to lessen their chances for an icy dip or worse. It’s impossible to judge the strength of ice by its appearance, thickness, daily temperature, or snow cover alone. Ice strength is actually dependent on all four factors, plus water depth under the ice, the size of the water and water chemistry, currents, and distribution of the load on the ice.\n\n[...]\n\n* Snowmobiles and ATV’s need at least 5 inches, and cars and light trucks need at least 8-12 inches of good clear ice.\n\n* Wear a life jacket. Life vests or float coats provide excellent flotation and protection from hypothermia (loss of body temperature). Never wear a life jacket if you are traveling in an enclosed vehicle, however. It could hamper escape in case of a breakthrough.\n\n* Carry a pair of homemade ice picks or even a pair of screwdrivers tied together with a few yards of strong cord that can be used to pull yourself up and onto the ice if you do fall in. Be sure they have wooden handles so if you drop them in the struggle to get out of the water, they won’t go straight to the bottom!\n\n* Avoid driving on the ice whenever possible. Traveling in a vehicle, especially early or late in the season is simply "an accident waiting to happen." In the 117 ice fatalities occurring in Minnesota since 1976, 68 percent involved a vehicle.\n\n* Be prepared to bail out in a hurry if you find it necessary to use a car, unbuckle your seatbelt and have a plan of action if you do breakthrough. Some safety experts recommend driving with the window rolled down and the doors ajar for an easy escape. Move your car frequently. Parking in one place for a long period weakens ice. Don’t park near cracks, and watch out for pressure ridges or ice heaves.\n\n* Don’t drive across ice at night or when it is snowing. Reduced visibility increases your chances for driving into an open or weak ice area.\n\n* Check at the access if there are signs that indicate an aeration system is in operation on the lake. Aerators keep areas of water open to provide oxygen for fish. The ice can be weakened many yards beyond where the ice is actually open. Stay well outside the fenced areas indicated by diamond shaped thin ice signs.'\n\n---\n\n'How can you tell if a lake is frozen solid enough to drive on? The surest way to know is to wait until several other cars and trucks have safely driven across the ice. Even then, you should always be extra careful when driving across a frozen lake.\n\nIt's possible that one section of the lake has currents that prevent the lake from freezing solid. Or there might be a river or stream that brings slightly warmer water into one part of the lake. So even though most of the lake was frozen solid, one section of the lake could have thin ice.'\n\n---\n\n'If you're driving your car (didn't we just say we don't recommend that) safety experts recommend that you drive with the windows down and your seatbelt off. Don't take this an excuse to drive without a seatbelt full time just in case you drive into a lake. Out on the ice you are driving on a lake and if the ice gives way from under you it is critical to get out of your vehicle before it is submerged.  A car crashing into water can sink in a matter of seconds.'\n\n---\n\n'Take a hard look at the ice before you leap. Clear blue ice is the strongest, and it still takes three inches to safely hold a single person, and five to six inches to safely hold a group of people or a snowmobile. You supposedly can venture out onto thinner ice if you distribute your weig
263570
Instances of "ball lightning", or at least phenomena that might well be construed as ball lightning, have been observed for hundreds of years. It is indeed likely that many historical (or contemporary) accounts relating to magic or UFOs may well be related to this natural phenomenon. Despite these many years of precedent, however, it is only over the past few decades that scientists have begun to take ball lightning seriously.\n\nClick here for a short educational film.\n \nInformation about ball lightning (as no theory has been confirmed as the 'definitive answer') comes mostly from eye-witness reports. Unfortunately, these sightings vary wildly in content, perhaps indicating that there are different kinds of ball lightning stalking the people of Earth.\n \nIn May of 1949, several farm labourers were gathering the asparagus harvest in Rushford, England. Peggy and Delia Filby were among those who took refuge from a rainstorm by sheltering themselves within a tarpaulin covered trailer. During the height of the thunderstorm, a brilliant flash rocked the area indicating a heavy lightning strike. Delia and others then saw what they described as a "football-sized, softly glowing orange-red ball of light". It gave off neither sparks nor rays, and did not pulse as it bounced across the field, towards the frightened observers. Within a few seconds, however, the ball disappeared soundlessly. The workers experienced something like an electric shock as it did so.\n \nIn 1967, M. Dmitriev, a Russian chemist, was camping on the banks of the Onegaw river. Following an intense lightning flash, a "ball of fire" appeared about 30 cm over the surface of the water, unaffected by the intense winds. The ball crackled and hissed as it flew past his head and into a group of nearby trees. The sphere bounced from tree to tree "like a billiard ball", emitting a trail of blue-grey smoke.\n \nOne of the most (in)famous ball lightning sightings comes from Roger Jennison, professor of Electronics at the University of Kent. In March of 1963, while caught in a storm en route from New York to Washington, his plane was enveloped by a bright and audible electrical discharge. Some seconds later, a glowing sphere emerged from the pilot's cabin and passed through the central aisle of the aeroplane, from one end to the other. The ball floated at about 75 cm above the floor, and moved at approximately 1.5 metres per second (relative to the aircraft). It gave off no discernible heat, and was an opaque, blue-white colour.\n \nFrom these accounts and others, scientists have come to understand that ball lightning typically occurs shortly after 'normal lightning', although it has been known to arise several days after such a lightning strike. It appears able to pass through glass and solid objects, sometimes causing damage in the process, and only rarely emits heat. Sometimes a hissing or crackling sound can be heard, other times it is perfectly silent.\n \n \nBall Lightning origin theories from AA&ES Magazine.\n \n"A simple answer to the phenomenon doesn't appear to be forthcoming and tentative explanations rely heavily on theoretical physics. One of the current favourites concerns electromagnetic plasmoid models: the greatest problem for the theorist is explaining how sufficient energy be contained within such a small space without it being emitted steadily and continuously, but sometimes suddenly. Dr. Geoff Endean (School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Durham) has suggested that the energy containment problem can be circumvented since a very rapidly rotating electric field can exist in a plasma without a magnetic field with no apparent limit to the electrical field strength - heady stuff indeed.\n \nFurthermore, it has also been suggested that ball lightning may occur quite frequently but the electromagnetism associated with it is not strong enough to render it visible to the eye
863906
There is actually a website about that, that shows you how close they come, i don't remember it off-hand though.  it's pretty neat though, you can like fast forward in time, and reverse.\n\nEven if an Asteroid was going to hit the earth, whomever spotted it wouldn't tell anyone, would cause too much commotion.\n\nHere is a pretty cool site I just found about it, it says 1 in 40 chance in 2029 \nhttp://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/asteroid_update_041227.html
436530
Have you ever heard the expression, "Don't put all your eggs in one basket"?  The same idea applies here.\n\nThere are any number of natural disasters that could destroy our way of life (meteor strike, multiple massive volcanic eruptions, a global plague, a nearby supernova), and they are virtually undetectable until immediately before they occur - even if we do detect them, the likelihood of preventing them is only a likelihood, not a certainty.
552159
These are various information off the internet.. copy paste, as well as some websites. \n\n\nThe Khumbu Glacier is located in the Khumbu region of northeastern Nepal and flows down from the Khumbu Icefall on the southern slopes of Mount Everest. Khumbu is the biggest glacier in Nepal.\n\nKhumbu \nKhumbu is one of three subregions of the main Sherpa settlement of the Himalaya, the other two being Solu and Pharak. Khumbu is located in northeastern Nepal and includes the town of Namche Bazaar as well as the villages of Thami, Khumjung, Pangboche and Kunde. The famous Buddhist monastery at Tengboche is also located in the Khumbu.\n\nDue to its location in the Himalaya, the Khumbu's elevation ranges from 3,300 metres (11,000') all the way to the highest point on Earth, Mount Everest at 8,850m (29,035'). Sagarmatha National Park is also enclosed within the Khumbu region\nKhumbu Icefall \n \nThe Khumbu Icefall is an icefall at the head of the Khumbu Glacier.\n\nThe icefall is found at 5,486 metres (18,000 feet) on the Nepali slopes of Mount Everest not far above Base Camp and southwest of the summit. The icefall is regarded as one of the most dangerous stages of the climb to Everest’s summit. The Khumbu glacier that forms the icefall moves at such speed that large crevasses open with little warning. The large towers of ice or seracs found at the icefall have been known suddenly to collapse. It is estimated that the glacier advances three to four feet (~0.9 to 1.2 m) down the mountain every day.\n\nSince the structures are continually changing, crossing the Khumbu Icefall is extremely dangerous. Even extensive rope and ladder crossings cannot prevent loss of life. Many people have died in this area. Exposed crevasses may be easy to avoid, but those buried under snow can form treacherous snow bridges through which unwary climbers can fall.\n\n\n\nhttp://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/55408e/55408e02.htm\n\nhttp://www.geophys.washington.edu/~lar/p43abs.pdf#search='khumbu%20Glacier'
679135
I don't know about the idea of the caldera rising and falling because of snow or air, but take a look at the website below.  There is a lot of information in the links on that page about Yellowstone.  I think that the subject is very interesting.
873581
Can, do and will get worse.\n\nFrom  Nunatsiaq News:\n\n"In the last century, three of the 10 largest earthquakes in the world have occurred in Alaska, and these produced deadly tsunamis. In 1958, a landslide caused by an earthquake sent a tsunami 524 metres high into Lihuya Bay, killing several fishermen and stripping the fiord of vegetation.\n\nThe presence of sea ice has lessened or "dampened" the impacts of most tsunamis in the Arctic Ocean. That's why Alan W. Harris, a senior research scientist at the Space Science Institute in California, maintains there's little possibility of a killer wave doing much damage in the Arctic and "only polar bears need worry about whether the ice damps the tsunami wave from an Arctic impact."\n\nBut in the future, with increased calving of glaciers and ice shelves, where massive hunks of ice break off and crash down into the water, there could be more Arctic tsunami-type waves, and, with less sea ice, these could have a larger, visible impact."