How did artists and writers capture the effects of the Great Depression?
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Read The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck or watch the movie. \n\nThere was also a photographer who took a lot of pictures of farmers and their wives and kids.  they are very telling, the stress on the faces of these people.
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The US economy has a history of cyclical highs and lows.  Most of the others were called 'Financial panics'.  See the bottom of this wikipedia page for more:\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_of_1873\n\nThese lows are charecterized by job loss, banking failures, forclosures, loss of property value and bankruptcies.\n\nIn addition, there have been several recessions, which were like mini-depressions.  In the 1980's sections of the country had housing-value crashes and unemployment was high.\n\nSocial Security was put in place because people who are elderly when a economic downturn strikes can see their lifelong savings wiped out when they have no means to earn it back.  The old-fahioned word for retirement during a economic downturn can be found in the census records: pauper.
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cause - no money\neffect - less money because of loss of job\n\nWhat Caused the Great Depression?\n\nThere are several explanations for what happened but the most obvious conclusion is that it was the confluence of several shortsighted and commiserating factors. Three main themes emerge: historical factors, central bank policies, and political decision making. For the purposes of this discussion the focus will be on the United States.\n\n \n\nThe US in the 1920's: Buying into the Boom\n\n \n\nThe 1929 stock market crash marked the beginning of the Depression. Prior to the crash the stock market had been an important source of funding for industry; thus the crash itself was a contributing factor to the downturn as well as a harbinger of things to come. Since stock prices are based on estimates of future earnings potential, the stock market performance of the 1920's tells a story of runaway optimism for the future. When it peaked a few weeks before the crash, The Dow Jones had risen 597% over the previous 8 years. It was soon to become a symbol of runaway pessimism.\n\nThe freeing of capital from government use to commercial use following World War I caused commodity prices to inflate. In 1920, Ben Strong of the US Federal Reserve Bank of New York raised interest rates sharply to prevent inflation. This caused a recession and the stock market to fall. Once hard assets like commodities and real estate were no longer rising in price, money began to pour into stocks and bonds. The Dow started climbing from its low at 63.90 in 1921 and rose 150% over the four years to 1925. \n\n \n\nAccording to Ron Chernow, in "The House of Morgan", It was in 1925 that Ben Strong made a secret commitment to Montague Norman, Governor of the Bank of England, to help England reinstate the Gold Standard. This action would later be shown to have undermined the British economy but the Pound had been the main medium of international exchange at that time and it was felt to be in everyone's interest to have it be exchangeable for gold. With moral support from the US Treasury, Strong chose to help strengthen the value of the Pound by depressing US interest rates. This depressed the value of the US Dollar and caused the already robust economy to boom. \n\nIt was suddenly cheaper to borrow money to invest in the stock market (called margin investing). Since the Dow had risen steadily since 1921, "small investors leapt giddily into the stock market in large numbers". The margin requirement at that time was only 10%, meaning you could buy $10,000 worth of stock with only $1,000 down, borrowing the rest. With artificially low interest rates and a booming economy people and companies were more apt than ever to invest in grandiose business expansions and over-priced stocks. Mergers and acquisitions soared. \n\nIn 1927, Britain ran into trouble with its gold standard again and Ben Strong lowered US interest rates in sympathy for a second time. This ignited the boom into the speculative frenzy that brought the market to its peak on September 3, 1929. It was like pouring gasoline onto a fire - the flames rose up, no lasting fuel was added, but the economy sure looked great. \n\nBen Strong died in October 1928. George Harrison, his successor immediately lobbied for higher interest rates to cool the speculative fervor. Rates were finally raised 1% in August of 1929, but by then it was way too late. The Dow peaked at 381.17. \n\nThe market and the economy had buoyed itself from one source of hope to the next for a whole decade. First it was the end of war-related inflation and booming exports for war reparations, next artificially low interest rates in 1925 and 1927 and booming exports due to a reduced value of the Dollar vs. the Pound. There were major tax reductions instituted by the Republicans under Hoover and finally in June of 1929 an international accord was struck with the Germans (albeit short-lived) over the financing of war rep
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1-The earliest social effects were the loss of  jobs and the  scarisity of hard cash. A shortage of good folowed fast and even if you had the cash you were short of goods and scared to spend. The big guy sit down on the money and it went out of circulation fast. People lost homes, families, so many died, and suffered malnutrion due to simply no food. Parents saw children die of starvation, mothers and wives saw  husbands go the suicide route be cause he was helpless to feed his family.\nSchool for many came to a stand still., many school nationwide were closed,and millions of children went without education.\nMy grandparents pulled their corn and gave the griss mill half of it as payment for turning the rest into corn meal. They were oneof the lucky ones.\nMedicine and medical care suffered.\nFamilies split up and the great movement west started. Before the depression Georgia's population was much more  than that of California.  The promise of work in the produce fieldsand fruit grovesof California sent many people there to go humry  with out even shelter over their heads.\nMen left their homes, looking for work and started the great "hobo" rides to nowhere. This usually meant they left a wife and children at home of on the roads. with nothing. Transients were usually refused help in cities and forced from small towns where people protected what little they had left.\nAll of the  old films of the soup kitchens show the men who were fathers, husbands, sons ect  getting a bare meal to just survive past starvation so you can imagine what the women  left behind with children suffered. Many families were suffering. Most familes on the move left or were thrown off their farms with what ever they could carry. \nThe depression meant the beganning of the end of the small farm dominance in America, and the beganing of large corporations.  Homes and farms which had been in the family for generations even back to the revolution were taken for token taxes of a few dollars. many farms went under the tax mans auction for under 5 bucks.\n\n2-Radical groups (like Hitler did in Germany) gained support because they gave the poor, and displaced something to blame their troubles on. They had seemingly good answers to soemhard  questions. They found the scapegoat the public was looking for and usually they were right in that it was the rich guy. This is what gave such a rise to such ideologys as socialism,and communism.  The public had no jobs like in Germany/europe (and as  always plenty of beer or boose) and they had plenty of mad, upset, and hungry people with plenty of time on their hands to listen to them.&#92;\n\n3-I heard  my father talk of some folks on the road getting help from strangers. My grandfather told him of walking and asking people for work for food.While he mentiond many towns would force you out if you were not a native some (especially farm families) would share their last with you. There were new bonds formed, new friends made, and a better appreciation of life and everything material after the depression started. My father as a young boy remebers when things began to pick up and people began to hope again. \n\n4- When people went to the banks and found them closed all at once they did not under stand what happened. Every bank only keeps a percentage their value in money on hand.  The rest is on loan for proifit. when the news began to filter down those on the inside withdrew theirs leaving nothing. When people woke up with no job,and no money this signaled the end of the 20s. and it nearly happened over night  which is why so many people suffered so fast.\nLitterially no goods for consumers,and no funds to purchase what there was brought in the 30s. Government for the most part became non functional and allowed those who did have money and power to later control the country. People like the Kennedys began their wealth during this time and used the depression to do so. Prohibition saw the small farmers who manuf
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Think about The Great Depression and what he did to resolve the economic issues of the country at that time... The banks failed it's customers and companies were abusing its factory workers.
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Research and write about the effect Charles Dickens' novels had on British society. Many feel that his writing were like mirrors so the people could see what they were like.
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It was an 85% decline. That is the dollar amount also. \n\nWhat you're asking for is the dollar amount of the stock market at that time, then you would already know how much it was after the crash. You can do simple math, correct?\n\nThe day of the crash was a big decline, but nothing compared to the three years that followed. Which time frame do you prefer? Black Monday was also followed by Black Tuesday. How about the Black Thursday preceeding? Your question is not precise enough for a precise answer.\n\nThe weeks and months leading up to October 28, 1929 was a time of cheap interest rates, unstable margin rates, and speculative frenzy. \n\nThe "wealth" you refer to was mostly paper profits, not money. It seems you are using a TV Talking Head to define your terms. Money in the banks also got wiped out during the Great Depression, but not on the day you are referrring to.  And how much "wealth" was obtained on margin (borrowed) prior to Black Monday? How much was short?  As it stands, your question is really irrelevant. \n\nOne day is a flash in the pan. How much wealth was wiped out in the Great Depression that followed? Now, what about worldwide? That was the biggest wipeout of wealth in the history of mankind, and let's hope it's never repeated.
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As far as effects on humans-  \n\n1) The drought leading to the dust bowl time of the great depression-it caused starvation, massive efflux of people out of the midwest and into the cities and further west-a huge migration of people that still effect us today- The western states are generally populated by people who's families came over from the south and midwest, in great part because of this drought.\n\n2) The Spanish Flu, that killed thousands of people in 1917-18, and spurred modern epidemiology.  For any doubt about the effect this still has on modern America, read anything about bird flu, and you see the fear we still have of this 90-year old natural disaster.\n\n3) The San Francisco Earthquake- Again, massive loss of life, followed by a significant change in behaviour, and still being felt today.\n\nNot to be rude, but the New Madrid Earthquake, which was indeed the largest in US history, had relatively little effect on US history, since so few people lived there at the time, and I dont see how the effects of *that* event really effects us today.\nLocusts are not extinct-they are a form of grasshopper caused by overcrowding and vegetation conditions.  There are many very interesting articles about how common grasshoppers become locusts, and how they have been controlled in the US in the last 100 years.  It was an agricultural disaster, but not anything on the scope of the Dust Bowl midwest, which was, by the way, hit by locusts early in the 1920's.
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You will live for a while and then die. You will experience joy and heartache and frustration. You will meet new people, and see bad things in the news. You will experience moments of great depression. You will sometimes get ill.
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Ever heard of The Great Depression? That was what happened when President Herbert Hoover did nothing when the stock markets went belly up and the banks all closed. Roosevelt enacted the FDIC to protect your money and strategically place cash reserves all over the country to avoid another depression.
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Probably art, but most of the people who work in art aren't exactly paid well.  There's a reason so many people describe themselves as "Starving Artists"
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How the author conveys their mood, images, and meaning in writing.
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The Wall Street Crash of 1929, also called the Great Crash or the Crash of '29, is the stock-market crash that occurred in late October, 1929. It started on October 24 ("Black Thursday") and continued through October 29, 1929 ("Black Tuesday"), when share prices on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) collapsed. However, the days leading up to the 29th had also seen enormous stock-market upheaval, with panic selling and vast levels of trading interspersed with brief periods of recovery.\n\nThe stock market lost 40% of its value in September and October of 1929. From a high of 381.17 on September 3, 1929, to a low of 41.22 in July, 1932, the Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 89%.\n\nBoom-bust theory\nKeynesian, Monetarist, and Austrian economists agree that the Crash followed an alleged speculative boom that had taken hold in the late 1920s, which had led millions of Americans to invest heavily in the stock market, even borrowing money to buy more stock. Banks lent heavily to fund this share-buying spree.\n\nThis investment drove share prices up to artificially high levels; the rising share prices encouraged more people to invest, as they hoped the shares would rise further, thus fueling further rises, and creating an economic bubble. On October 24, 1929 (with the Dow just off its September 3rd peak from at 381.17), the bubble finally burst and panic selling set in. Thirteen million shares were sold in the space of one day, as people desperately tried to dispose of their shares before they became worthless.\n\nOver the following few days another thirty million shares changed hands and share prices collapsed, ruining many investors.\n\nThe banks which had lent heavily to fund share buying found themselves saddled with debt, which caused many banks to fail.\n\nWhile millions of people lost their savings, businesses lost their credit lines and were forced to close, causing massive unemployment.\n\nThe crash dramatically worsened an already fragile economic situation, and was a major contributing factor to the Great Depression. There is a good deal of controversy among economists and historians about the nature of that contribution, though. Some hold that political over-reactions to the crash, such as in the passage of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act through the US Congress, caused more harm than the crash itself.\n\nExplanation from supply-side economic theory\nMany commentators view the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act as a consequence of the Crash, since the act was not signed by President Hoover until June of 1930. However, supply-side economists (and others) argue that stock-market prices anticipate future profits. The Crash reflected investors’ rational expectations that tariffs would raise prices for U.S. consumers (both final consumers and manufacturers that used the imported products as inputs) and reduce firms’ future profits.\n\nSupply-siders also blame two tariff laws for the earlier, sharp recession of 1920-21.\n\nThe Crash of 1929 and the subsequent Great Depression were in part longer and deeper for three reasons: [9]\n\nThe Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act applied tariffs to more than 3,200 products (many more than the previous tariffs). \nThe tariff rates were very high — averaging 60%. \nOther countries responded by enacting their own tariffs against U.S. goods in retaliation.
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You should research how American society was et up during the 1920's and compare to the storyline, which states Gatsby's desire for the Green light and the carelessness perhaps of certain people's action such as the Car crash, leading to the main chracters' demise, which later refers to the Great Depression of the 1930's.
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Well the depresion mainly, but also constitutional issues since the supreme court kept vetoing FDR's recovery bills. FDR threatened to pack the court with new "young blood" so then the court started to comply with him. People forget that this was a huge constitutional crisis at the time.
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http://www.google.com/search?btnI=I%27m+Feeling+Lucky&q=wiki+great+depression\n\n\nHe created alphabet agencies. The federal reserved caused the stupid depression...
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The Great Depression of the late 20's and 30's was felt in all western industrialised nations. Nations that were mainly agrarian (based on agriculture) were little affected by it. Here, in Australia, (I'm guessing that you are in the USA) we had most of the workforce unemployed, businesses bankrupt, starvation and poverty rampant - as did all industrialised countries. Now that governments realise that it isn't all that important to balance the budget, they can start to spend, reduce tax or reduce interest rates (use methods to stimulate spending) if they see the economy heading down. These tools stimulate spending and give the economy a boost.heading that way.