how scientists gradate the fahrenheit thermometer?
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This question is miscategorized.\n\nSpecial Education refers to the education and parenting of children with special needs. \n\n\nThat being said... the Fahrenheit thermometer was designed by a guy named... Fahrenheit. He took an unmarked thermometer, marked it and numbered it using evenly spaced marks, then stuck it in water turning to ice, and noted that it came out to -32 degrees by his marking system. Then he stuck it in water starting to boil, and noted that it came out to 212 degrees by his marking system.\n\nThe other scale we commonly use, Celsius, was created by a guy named... Celsius!!! He took an unmarked thermometer, stuck it in water that was turning to ice, and marked where it came out. He numbered that as 0 degrees. He stuck it in water starting to boil, and marked where it came out. He numbered that as 100 degrees.
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32° F is equal to 0° C\n°F = °C × 1.8 + 32\n°C = (°F – 32) / 1.8\n\nThe Celsius scale is the world's most commonly used temperature scale. It has been adopted by virtually all the countries of the world, with the notable exceptions of the United States of America and Jamaica. In broadcast media it was still frequently referred to as centigrade until the late 1980s or early 1990s, particularly by weather forecasters on European networks such as the BBC, ITV, and RTÉ. In the United States and Jamaica, Fahrenheit remains the preferred scale for everyday temperature measurement, although Celsius or kelvin is used for aeronautical and scientific applications.
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4.4 degrees celcius (40 Fahrenheit)
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8.88888888888889\n\n\n\n\n\nI used a farenheit converter found on internet
25444
You could try to make an accurate experimental thermometer by glueing two strips of dissimilar metals together along their lengths. Perhaps try copper and steel or copper and aluminum or steel and aluminum.  Try perhaps one half inch wide by six inch long strips.  Use sheets of metal that are equally thin.  Perhaps cut the strips from aluminum soda cans and steel soup cans, etc.  Use a magnet to check for steel vs aluminum.  Glue the strips together using epoxy or super glue.  Attach one end of the combined strip to a firm base and leave one end free to move in front of a paper scale.  You now have a bimetalic thermometer.  The thermometer can be made to be more sensitive by using greater length strips and bending the strips into a spiral and attaching a pointer to the free end of the spiral to amplify movement.  This is how most oven thermometers are built except the metals are joined without glue.  The principal of operation of a bimetalic thermometer is that one  metal expands or contracts more or less than another metal.  When joined, a temperature change causes the combined strip to bend.  You can calibrate your thermometer by marking its "pointer" position at two or more large temperature changes then calculating the total deflection divided by the total temperature difference to get deflection per degree (either F or C).  Be careful with tin snips and epoxy or super glue.  Good luck.\n\nAs an alternative, you can make a highly accurate experimental thermometer by winding very thin insulated copper wire (like that used in toy motors) around a wooden spool and connecting the scraped   wire ends to an accurate ohmmeter to measure resistance change vs temperature change.  Calibrate as before but remember that calibration temperatures must be steady long enough for any lag to catch up.  This is called a resitance thermometer and accuracy will depend on the length and thinness of wire and sensitivity of your ohmmeter.  Also the ohmmeter should not cause enough current to flow in the wire to heat the wire.  Observe for drift (increase in resistance and temperature) while taking measurements.
911974
Go with a line graph, that way you can also find out (or estimate) temperatures at times when you didnt measure it.
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Objectivity and the Idea of Measurement\n\n \n\n            Implicit in the idea of measurement is the concept of objectivity. When we measure the temperature using a thermometer, we assume that the measurement we obtain is not dependent on the conditions of measurement, such as which thermometer we use. Any functioning thermometer should give us the same reading of, for example, 75 degrees Fahrenheit. If one thermometer measured 40 degrees, another 250 and a third 150, then the lack of objectivity would invalidate the very idea of accurately measuring temperature.\n\n \n\n            It is this general objectivity that distinguishes physical science measurement from behavioral science measurement. General objectivity requires a construct theory embodied in a specification equation that is capable of estimating indicant calibrations. When these theory-based calibrations are employed in the Rasch model, observations (i.e., raw scores) can be converted into measures without relying on individual or group data on indicants (e.g., items) or objects of measurement (e.g., persons). The benefits of these methods include: (1) the construct theory is exposed to falsification, (2) it is possible to build correspondence tables between observations and measures with recourse only to theory, (3) a generalized linking solution is available for placing observations of all kinds on a common scale, (4) a reproducible unit of measurement can be developed, (5) the framework for fit statistics that is sample-dependent under the Rasch model becomes sample-independent, and (6) a complete frame of reference for measure interpretation can be constructed.\n\n \n\n            This paper shows how the concept of general objectivity can be used to improve behavioral science measurement, particularly as it applies to the Lexile Framework a tool for objectively measuring reading comprehension. We begin with a dialogue between a physicist and a psychometrician that details some of the differences between physical science and behavioral science measurement. Building on these distinctions, we offer a definition of measurement that describes what goes on in the physical sciences and that represents an attainable ideal of what should go on in the behavioral sciences. This definition of measurement is formalized in an equation that turns out to be the Rasch model, with the important difference that indicant calibrations are obtained via theory, not data. Through the use of theory-based calibrations, we achieve a generally objective estimation of the measure parameter in the Rasch model. The next section of the paper examines the differences between local objectivity obtained with the Rasch model and general objectivity obtained with a theory-enhanced version of that model. Next, we report on a 10-year study of reading comprehension measurement that implemented the concept of general objectivity through the development of the Lexile Framework. Finally, we summarize several of the benefits of objective measurement and general objectivity as they might be realized in the measurement of constructs other than reading comprehension.\nThe Problem of General Objectivity:\n\nA Dialog Between the Behavioral and Physical Sciences \n\n \n\nPsychometrician:\n\n \n\n            As I understand our purpose here today, each of us will solve a measurement problem specific to our discipline, and then discuss our respective methods. Since I opened the dialog, I will present you with your problem first.\n\n \n\n             In the box in front of you is a long thin glass tube open at one end, some mercury, and a ruler. Your task is to answer the following question: 'What change in temperature is indicated by an increase of five centimeters in column height of the mercury?'\n\n \n\nPhysicist:\n\n \n\n            I have completed my analysis and found that the answer is 18 degrees Fahrenheit.\n\n \n\n            My method was straightforward. I calculated the volume of mercur
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Here's the easiest way to remember how to convert from fahrenheit to kelvin (let's use 72 degrees fahrenheit): \n\n72 F + 40 = 112\n112 * (5/9) = 62.2\n62.2 - 40 = 22.2 degrees Celsius.  \nSo what I did was add 40, multiply by 5/9, then subtract 40.\n\nNow just add 273 or 273.15; both are acceptable:\n22.2 + 273 = 295.2 K :)\n\nI know that most people use 32's or whatever, but if you remember my steps, you'll never forget them.
506516
between 1400 and 1800 degress fahrenheit
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"Temperature" is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance.\nIn the case of using a thermometer to measure temperature, the temperature of the thermometer is what is actually being seen in the measurement, we just assume that it has come to thermal equailibrium (no net flow of heat energy) with the surroundings.\n\nSince a vacuum is totally empty (i.e. no particles), a vacuum does not have a temperature by definition.\n\nIf we also assume this vacuum system is isolated from the rest of the universe and that the walls are perfect reflectors, then the temperature reading on the thermometer will not change when placed into a vacuum....but remember the conditions which we just had to apply.\nThere are 3 methods in which heat [energy] is transfered, through conduction, convection, and radiation.  In a vacuum, conduction and convection are inappliacble in terms of carrying heat away from the thermometer (or to the thermometer).  However, radiation is still quite possible, and likely.  The thermometer will emmit Infra red radiation in the form of photons of light which will carry away heat energy from the thermometer (lowering its temperature).  Likewise, if we allow any other EM radiation to some into the box, it may increase the heat energy of the thermometer (and raise its temperature).  If we assume the box is isolated and its walls are perfect reflectors (which will refrlect 100% of any EM radiation the thermometer emmits back), then the thermometer's heat energy should remain constant as will its temperature.
52845
How to convert Celsius temperatures to Fahrenheit \nMultiply the Celsius temperature by 9/5. \nAdd 32o to adjust for the offset in the Fahrenheit scale. \nExample: convert 37o C to Fahrenheit. \n37 * 9/5 = 333/5 = 66.6 \n66.6 + 32 = 98.6o F \n\nGood Luck!
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It is 240.8000208800021 degrees Fahrenheit.\nhttp://www.metric-conversions.org/temperature/celsius-to-fahrenheit.htm
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Used to convert celcius to fahrenheit and reverse.\n\nF = (9/5 *C) + 32\n\nYeah, I know the parentheses are redundant.\n\nAlso \n\nC = 5/9 * (F-32)\n\nJust to assure yourself and me that the equations are correct\n\n20 degrees Celcius is the same temperature as 68 degrees Fahrenheit.
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Friend,\n           Lord John Kelvin invented the Kelvin scale.\n           Adriano Celsius invented the celsius scale.\n           Witzer Fahrenheit invented the Fahrenheit scale.\n            \n            c=k+273\n             f=32+(9/5)*c
904529
Think of different ways you could measure it and describe those methods.  Check the reference section of a library for the CRC Handbook for the specific heat of known reference materials.  Does the specific heat change with temperature?  How could you test that?  Think about measurement methods you could do, without fancy or expensive equipment.  Think about how you could test how good your equipment is and how you can get the best accuracy from it.  If you actually do it, you can make a good science project of it.
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To convert fahreheit temerature to celsius:\nsubtract 32\nmultiply by 5\ndivide by 9.\n\nI'll let you do the math.
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tradition.\n\n\nFahrenheit is the way we have always done it...\nCelsius, although a more efficient and all around a better system is not the way we have done it.  Change is never easy.