I am going to write an eassy (350-600 words)\non this topic\nouline the mechanism that control B cells in the generation of sufficiently varied antibodies\nwould you please give me some help\nat least give me some idea what to write or explain how to make"vary" antibodies
201166
ok,I try to make it clear,\nimagine an antigen is invading the body,it is going to be diagnosed and captured by innate immune system like Mq,Neu...they represent the antigen to TCR on Tcell,so Tcell become activated and produce cytokines,some of them are going to activate Bcell and makes Bcell to produce Antibodies,antibodies will join antigens and some protein in blood may join them and they all destroy the antigen.\n\nBone marrow is the most important source of Bcell in lifetime.the most important responsibility of Bcell is to produce Antibodies.Antibodies are the most important part of the immune system for the extracellular pathogenes like toxins.B acts as an APC specially in the secondary response.Bcell secretes IL1,6,12 and INF alpha and beta.B has a memory so it plays an important role in the secondary response to antigen.B has some markers such as CD1,5,9.10,14,19,20,21,23,25,32,35,38,40,45,55,59,80,86,126,85,81.\n\nthere are two kinds of B,\n1)B1cell : mostly in newly borns,bigger than the other one,mostly produce IgM and respoce to Ti Ag.it doesn't have memory.it's only 5% of all the Bcells.\n2)B2cell:in older people,95% of all Bs,response to TD antigens and have memory..\n\nsome clues about Abs:there are five class of them,\nIgA(1,2),IgD (it's Ag receptor on Bcell),IgE(role in Allergies),IgG(more than others ,in 4 froms,activate the complemets,role in ADCC,feed back inhibition of Bcells),IgM(antigene receptor on Bcell,activates complemetns)\n\nthat's it,hope it helps;)
506585
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_%28biology%29\n\ndoes this help any?
652919
Hi.\n\nWebMD has an excellent article on this:\n\nhttp://www.webmd.com/content/article/115/111787.htm\n\n\nBest! :-)
138792
You're trying to say you have a synthetic chromosome. I would check all the experiments for contamination, and check the cells for endogenous expression before jumping to that conclusion. There are a lot of hurdles to leap, as mentioned in the other posts.
253773
as far as i know it happens due to circulatory antibodies,..so it s not going to recur,..check again w someone else also,..hope this helps,..
437624
http://www.cellsalive.com/toc.htm\n\nthis is a REALLY cool site, not sure how much it will help you though, but it is great for showing you the size differences between cells etc\n\nplus it has a really good red blood cell jigsaw (im such a big geeky kid : P)\n\nbtw im doing biology at uni so if you were stuck with some bits i could maybe help you.
498139
Though you will ignore the answer, I'll try anyway.  \n\nYour question, with explanation was a classic straw man, so I'll answer your question.\n\nI do not support ID as per se, but, all they are saying is the following:\n\nStep 1:  dna exists.\nStep 2:  later, new dna exists which could not have been eluciadated from existing dna, because there is unquestionably new and unique information in this new dna, which did not exist before.\nStep 3:  how did it happen?  \nStep 4:  it either happened by some still unknown natural or biological mechanism, or it was caused, created.\nStep 5: the natural or biological mechanism seems unlikely as the cause for strictly reasonable and logical reasons.  However, if it could be discovered, it would be one of the most important discoveries ever, and would be communicated as such.  This is still one of the mysteries in biology.  \nStep 6:  new information is not created by natural and random processes.  This just does not occur in nature.  Based on experience and logic.  \nStep 7:  based on the above, it seems that design is involved.\n\nThis is not hard logic.  The point is that you have closed your mind to the issues the ID people are trying to consider, and ID people are fully engaged in science.  What happens if you are wrong?\n\nBasically, ID does not say design is perfect, however, it could very well be optimal, and that takes intelligence, and then it is not a flaw.  ID people have answered your question many times.  Many you need to do some reading.  I cannot say the retina is shoddely wired.  Your remark was a rhetorical and opinionated remark.\n\nNot trying to give you a hard time.  Just the facts.\n\nEdit:  Anything that is proven by science, I agree with.  Duplication is well known.  I hope I was clear.  The issue is:  Here is dna without a certain new function, like a lung, or kidney, or brain, or eye, or skin, of bone, or hair, of tear duct, or immune response, etc.  Later, a 100 lines, or millions of lines of new dna exist with this code.  Duplication is not the mechanism, for the function did not exist, and requires some pretty profound new engineering to create.  The unanswered question is:  how did it happen?  Randomness cannot be part of the solution, since the improbabilities are far too great.  \n\nCan this question be answered, or is it still open?  The answer I usually get is, well just because we do not know, does not mean we should accept the possibility of a creator.  I say, you should consider both, until we have an answer.  You may lean one way or the other, but both are still possibilities.  \n\nThe most knowledgeable scientists agree for example, in cosmology, the closer we get to the beginning of the universe, the more the questions become philosophical and theological.  You are discounting a vital side of the story.
125109
I haven't heard about that, but you might go to the Lupus Research Foundation's website (or that of another support group for lupus) to inquire.  They may be able to point you in the right direction.
166846
Go to www.sciencedirect.com or pubmed.\n\nYou may find some answers.
160582
Right, Posotive and negative selection occurs in the thymus.\n\nImmature T cells move from the Bone Marrow to the tymus where they are posotivly and negativly selected and this is the basis of Tolerance.  T cells that bind Too Weakly to the MHC antigen complex are killed by apoptosis.  T cells that bind too strongly are also killed by apoptosis.  Those that lie between are selected.  \n\nThis is important as T cell binding too weakly cant raise immune awarness and cells that vbind too strongly cause autoimmune diseases.\n\nLook up T cell anergy which is things like blocking of the receptor deletion of the T cell etc.  Try the book immunobilogy By c Janeway or "the immune system" by Peter Parham both published by garland science.  \n\nok this is a very basic overview as its a long subject and needs to be read rather than asked on this.\n\ngood luck
61341
Phenotypes: AB+ or AB-\n\nAntigens: A and B\n\nGenotypes: AB (+ or -)\n\nThanks micro_girl.  I should have made that more clear.  A and B are separate proteins, and when they are both present the resulting phenotype is AB.  Sorry if my original answer was misleading.  I fixed it.
38946
Do refer to websites, such as Wikipedia, Vivisimo or Google; you will find countless articles, links and so on. Start with any scientific term, such as 'chromosome' and it will get you somewhere. Kimballs Biology Pages are a wonderful bet too.
543518
All the answers are here --> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_%28biology%29\n(and in your book)
515368
Go to "protein" on wikipedia ( put, protein, in address bar ) then scroll down to "synthesis", for the process. It is too  long a story for my typing skills. The wiki article is not too technical.
395818
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=16378\n\nYou need to read the book by Hamer- don't think you will find out enough without the book. Explicit biochem is rarely spelled out for the lay person in generic articles because people are too dumb to understand it.\n\n"\nHamer studied 2,000 DNA samples. He interviewed 2,000 people extensively (226 questions in each interview). The questions, among other things, looked at how spiritual a person is and what their level of faith in God is. \n\nHe found that the VMAT2 Gene was significantly more common among people who believed in a higher spiritual being. According to his research, whether or not your upbringing is religious has no bearing on how religious you turn out to be - but the presence of the VMAT2 Gene version does. "\n\nYou need to focus on this ASPECT in your paper, don't plagiarize. The details on mechanism of action of protein etc.. should be found in the book. Do not forget to cite the article link I pasted above.\n\nThe God Gene - How Faith is Hard Wired into our Genes is the book. Buy it fast if time is of the essence!
293221
The Krebs Cycles is hard!!!  I'll admit it.  I made up a song, and then I went dancing around the room singing it.  I got an A on the test.  I don't remember the Krebs Cycle now or the song but I think it went something like "Once there was a gang of six but they began to fight you see.  ATP (Is that right?) split them up and now they are two gangs of 3.  Da-dum."  I don't know.  You'll have to have a lot of imagination for that one but it works.
392376
How many different IDs are you going to use to post these?\n\nhttp://answers.yahoo.com/search/search_result;_ylt=AsETSfndBShDmEIMRg6mDCwnzKIX?p=health+help%3F&scope=subject&mc=396545015&fltr=_en&tab=0&asktime=&st=1