What are ways of defining consituencies to an election, apart from geographic factors, that is, by where a voter lives?
206239
According to Fenno, there are 4 different 'circles' of constituencies.  The first is, as you mentioned, the geographic constituency.  This is everyone who lives in a district.  The next inward circle is the election constituency.  These are the people who voted for a candidate in the general election.  A Congressmen is usually attempting to keep this constituency.  The next inward circle is the primary constituency.  This is thought of as the actual supporters of the individual candidate, not just a party or platform.  These are the people who vote for the candidate in the primary elections, and therefore are thought to support him even more.  Then there are the intimates.  These are the candidate's close friends and family who actually volunteer and work for the campaign.  I hope this is what you were looking for.
479239
I believe that NY uses a fairly standard definition of residency. Your are a resident until the time when you leave the state with no intention of returning there to live. To determine if you have left, they will look at all the facts and circumstances, including where you own property, where you have a drivers license, and where you register to vote. Note: you are entitled under Federal law to vote in Federal elections in your last state of residence if you have no current residence, and no assumption of continued residence can be made from exercising this right.\n\nYou don't need to fill out any special form, except that for the year your residence ends, you need to fill out your NY tax forms as a part-year resident.  Thus you file form IT-203, Nonresident and Part-Year Resident Income Tax Return.  If you were a NY City or Yonkers resident, you also need to file IT-360.1, Change of City Resident Status.
512844
ger·ry·man·der    (jr-mndr, gr-) KEY  \n\nTRANSITIVE VERB: \nger·ry·man·dered , ger·ry·man·der·ing , ger·ry·man·ders \nTo divide (a geographic area) into voting districts so as to give unfair advantage to one party in elections. \nNOUN: \n\nThe act, process, or an instance of gerrymandering. \nA district or configuration of districts differing widely in size or population because of gerrymandering
289593
I can't help you with the website, but I'll give you an example.\n\nIf you live in Dallas, then you live in Texas.\n\nTherefore, it is "sufficient" for you to know that someone lives in Dallas in order to know that he/she also lives in Texas.  However it is not "necessary."  In other words, if you live in Texas, you do not necessarily live in Dallas.  So living in Dallas is a sufficient condition, but not a necessary one (in this example).
470120
Yes. You can cast a "provisional" ballot. They will verify your info then count your ballot. Please vote.
530168
Your vote most certainly counts.  Many elections have been decided by few number of votes.\n\nTwo recent examples-- 2000 and 2004 presidential elections were really close in Florida and Ohio respectively.  Had more voted on either side, it may not have been as close.
665710
Voting laws vary from state to state. Most offer some type of absentee voting (voting by mail), under certain conditions. Election systems vary also, check with your county election commission office to see what process they go by to record votes.
552356
Take a camera too, preferably a video camera , so that you can record any irregularities.\n\n"It is enough that the people know there was an election. The people who cast the votes decide nothing. The people who count the votes decide everything." Joseph Stalin
16987
What is a state if anything other than the people who live in it? The state legislatures are supposed to be enacting the will of the people who elected them, so the outcomes should be no different. Direct election by the people is always preferable.
258284
You can also contact your local drivers' license authority (DMV, etc) which under Motor-Voter Act is supposed to offer voting registration. Voter registration is available at some larger Post Offices, and some states are allowed to have registration where sports licenses (hunting, fishing, ski-mobiling, etc) are offered.
104525
The poll worker doesn't ask for nationality. The voter does have to be registered and registered in the precinct they are attempting to vote in. Any US citizen over 18 can register to vote as long as their rights have not been rescinded due to a felony conviction. I don't think that non US citizens can vote. I also don't think that there is such a thing as a undocumented resident being legal unless they are a citizen, and most of us have some form of documentation.
125571
I don't know if you remember the last election.  John Kerry's wife was born and raised in Mozambique.  She defined her self as an African-American.  Which is accurate in a geographic sense.\n\nAfrican American, as it is used today, is a political/ethnic lable, not geographic.  I don't think that this person would be eligible for any minority assistance.  This illustrates one of the issues with race based incentives.\n\nFor example, if you are of pure spanish decent, but from south america, you are listed as a hispanic.  If you are of pure spanish decent, but from spain, you are caucasian.\n\nI attended a traditionally black college in North Carolina (I'm white).  I received a scholarship from the state as a minority student while I was there.\n\nEthnic/race politics are very odd and confusing.  \n\nOf course, you could ask the question, why not just be an American?
129919
Some places use voting lists.  Others use drivers license info.  If you drive and vote, they're gonna get you sooner or later.
215799
It dependes which country you represent and where.
491560
each state has 2 votes regardless of its population
463532
depends on the state or local laws.  for presidential elections, it still epends on the state laws.  sometimes people are on the ballot in one state but not the other.
555442
How about telling us where you live?