I'm writing a paper on organic chemistry, but I don't know the difference between isomers and isotopes. I've read the dictionary definitions of each, but they're kind of confusing to me.\n\nI just need to know which word to use to explain the different forms of carbon that make all the different compounds that we see in everyday life. Help please?
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Isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures.  Isotopes are atoms of the same element but have different numbers of neutrons.  The right one for carbon is isomer
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Carbon is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol C and atomic number 6. An abundant nonmetallic, tetravalent element, carbon has several allotropic forms, including diamond and graphite. Carbon occurs in all organic life and is the basis of organic chemistry. This nonmetal also has the interesting chemical property of being able to bond with itself and a wide variety of other elements, forming nearly 10 million known compounds.
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if the carbon chain is in the plane of the board then the other 2 constituents would be as you say 1 wedge (coming towards you) and 1 dashed (going away from you).\n\nas to which way round, it doesnt matter as there is no streogenic centre.  (as there is a mirror plane) and thus either way you draw it the compund is identical!\n\nIf the carbon chain was say for example Ch3C(ch3MgBr)Ch2Ch3 then the carbon attached to the -Ch3 and -MgBr would be Chiral (stereogenic) as it contains 4 different groups attached to it and therefore no plane of symmetry.\n\nEdit: yes I totally agree with the post below mine, its much easier to see this when made from a molecular model kit.  these are fairly inexpensive and are VERY useful.  I know personally i find it hard to imagine seeing/rotating these 3-d structures in my head, and modeling helps with this A LOT!
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Go to this site and it will show you structures of a whole bunch of molecules with Carbon and without, by formula and by name, kind of mess around with it for a while. http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/molecules/index.html
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1a.) So you do not end up with more of one element than you started out with, elements cannot be created or destroyed in chemical reactions\n1b.) in a physical change, the elements do not combine with other elements- it remains the same substance (i.e. cutting paper or melting ice) a chemical change happens when chemical properties are changed, and new substances are formed (i.e. burning, baking soda and vinegar)\n2.) organic compounds an be found in living things, soil, or near anywhere living organisms are.\n3.) Carbon, Hydrogen
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The answer is very basic. Start with chemical names.  Carbon dioxide is made from carbon and oxygen. Carbon is called C, and Oxygen is called O. If you have two atoms of O, and one atom of C, then you have Carbon dioxide. The shorthand notaion for this is CO2. Don't be afraid of chemical formulas, but bring yourself to be comfortable with them, so you don't freak when you have to do a problem like this:\n__H4C + __O4Fe---->__HCO + __Fe. (this is balancing equations, but they're easy, once you learn to decode what chemical equations are trying to tell you )\n\nOn this website, just look at the ones that are relevant:\nhttp://www.ukrocketry.co.uk/forum/index.php?s=e26325e497d951d76619a79a0ad64ae7&showtopic=381\n\n\n\n\n\nThis si a segment on this from my school textbook: (sorry, its kinda long)\nA molecule or compound consists of at least two atoms that are chemically bonded. The chemical formula of a molecule or compound states how many atoms of each element are in one of its molecules. This formula is similar to an algebraic formula in its use of symbols. The description of a compound with numbers and symbols is called a chemical formula. Some formulae can be quite complex.\n\nQuestions you may have are:\n\nWhat are chemical compounds? \nWhat is the numbering system in a chemical formula? \nHow do you designate complex compounds? \nThis lesson will explain the basics of chemical formulas. \n\nChemical compounds\nA molecule is the chemical combination of two or more atoms. They can be of the same element, such as in the oxygen molecule (O2) or different as in the water molecule (H2O)\n\nA compound is a molecule that is made up of at least two different elements. The water molecule is a compound. When atoms of different elements combine to form a compound, the result is a new substance that has different properties than the original elements. A good example is when the poisonous green chlorine gas is combined with the explosive metal sodium to form the white salt crystals we use in our food.\n\nThe study of Chemistry is mainly interested in the formation of chemical compounds, since there are so many possible combinations of elements.\n\nChemical formulas\nChemical formulas (or more correctly: formulae) are designations of molecules and compounds in shorthand notation, similar to that used in Algebra.\n\nElements can be written as abbreviations or in a shorthand notation. For example, He denotes helium, Fe denotes iron, and Cl denotes chlorine. A chemical formula is writing the elements of a compound, using their abbreviations.\n\nThe combination of two or more elements to form a molecule is designated by writing their abbreviations next to each other. For example carbon monoxide is written as CO. The order in which the elements are written is typically alphabetical, but there are a number of exceptions for historical reasons and to clarify the geometry of the molecule.\n\nIf there is more than one atom of a type in the molecule, the formula shows it by a small number after the symbol. For example, water is H2O, which means there are 2 atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen in the molecule. Carbon dioxide is CO2, which means there is one atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen in the molecule.\n\nTo show the number of molecules, a full sized number is located in front of the molecule. For example 4 molecules of carbon dioxide is designated as:\n\n4CO2\n\nThis means there are a total of 4 C atoms and 8 O atoms in the combination. A way to remember this—taken from Algebra—is to think of it as 4 x (CO2).\n\nComplex formulae\nJust as in Algebra, you can use parentheses to separate parts in a complex formula. One example is the formula for nitroglycerin, a highly explosive substance.\n\nC3H5(NO3)3\n\nThis formula shows that nitroglycerin consists of 3 atoms of C, 5 atoms of H and then 3 molecules of NO3. If the parentheses were not used, you might have a formula like:\n\nC3H5N3O9\n\nThe number of atoms for each el
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Is it possible you're not spelling it correctly?  Perhaps the following will help...\n"A bioisostere is a compound resulting from the exchange of an atom or of a group of atoms with another, broadly similar, atom or group of atoms. The objective of a bioisosteric replacement is to create a new compound with similar biological properties to the parent compound. The bioisosteric replacement may be physicochemically or topologically based. "\n(From the ChemiCool website.)
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R-O-CH3 \n\n R is any carbon based group. I wish I had chem draw on this computer, but the structure is actually bent due to the symmetry (this involves group theory - a linear algebra based idea in quantum mechanics) of the orbitals involved in bonding. Its bent for the same reasons that water is bent, now your teachers may say that water is bent due to electronic repulsions but if thats true how come they draw the lone pairs so close to eachother??? Its because its not true, and its part of VSEPR theory which is just a practicle method of teaching structure to people who dont know too much physics, math, and chemistry.
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cadb\nThe units of distance are the same in the first one, so the charge similarities are based on how strongly something will bond.  Higest repulsive energy is c), so it would not bond well and its energy would be low.  Up to b), with the greatest charge difference.  \n\nbcad\nThe units of distance are different, but still consistent with it.
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wow... you really do know your chemistry - sorry again, can't help you but I wish you ALLLLLLL the best, and must say the folks who answered - if they are infact correct, very nice.\n\ngood luck in whatever you are trying to figure out.
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look at this website to understand....\n\nhttp://www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca/esam/Chapter_7/section_3.html
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Need more info in order to help you...what class level?...what field of chem?...writing project or lab demo?...what is an 'investigatory project'?\nPlease resubmit your question anew with as much info as possible so that we can offer reasonable suggestions...if you simply edit this one we cannot reply twice to same question.
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It is a compound formed when One Carbon atoms bonds with two oxygen atoms (CO2).\n\nCalled Dry Ice when frozen.\nProduced during burning as one of the wastes.\nProduced during respiration (give us humans energy) as a waste.\nUsed by plants (they breath it) to make food.\nColorless, odorless gas.\nSnuffs out fire.\nFizzie stuff in soda.\nThe ocean(s) contain huge amounts.\n\nGet an "A" little sister.
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Collision Theory - A theory that suggests that chemical reactions occur when reacting particles collide with each other with sufficient energy.\n\nOrganic Chemistry - There are many hundreds of thousands of organic chemicals. Anything containing carbon atoms can be considered to be organic. The proteins that make up our hair, skin, and muscles, DNA and RNA, the foods we eat, the clothes we wear and the medicines we take are all organic chemicals.\n\nThey are given the name organic because it was once thought that the only difference between inorganic and organic chemicals was that organic chemicals seemed only to come from living things, but this was dismissed in the early 1800's when 'chemists' made known organic compounds (like urea) from known inorganic compounds. It was later realised that all organic chemicals contain carbon, this is the only distinguishing feature between inorganic and organic chemicals.\n\nRate of Reactions - There are 5 factors that affect the rate of reaction, which are Physical state of reactants, concentration, temperature, catalysts and light.
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i learned about this in chem.  it's hard to explain...but if you put a cd in your microwave(if your parents allow u 2) then you can see it.  if u need help, you could e-mail my teacher by getting his e-mail address from his website below.  hope that helps!
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im highly sceptical on that, because the bond angle of carbon is different from other chemicals, but if one was to be formed, i would imagine silicone or germanium would form it, although, silicone forms stronger bonds, which cant bend that easily, I THINK... not perticularly true... just an assumption on my part
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Structural isomerism\n\nStereoisomerism (Geometrical isomerism and optical isomerism)