any ideas on what materials to use that are easy to obtain (playdoh doesn't work well) and also i chose channel proteins to make another model of-----but my bio teacher says I need to specify the type of channel protein I am doing---which one is the simplest in structure and function and any ideas where i can get info on it?? please help!
206318
Here is the one I recently made:\n\nTake a transparency sheet and take ear buds (used for over head projectors)- lots of them. Dip the top of cotton part, of a bunch of ear buds, in glue and place them vertically on the transparent sheet. Go on doing this to make a square tightly filled with ear buds.  Note: you will have to give support to the ear buds until they are glued completely. \n\nNow you can apply the glue on the other side of ear buds and place another transparent sheet. Paint the central region of the ear bud-sticks with black colour. If required, cover the sides. It now looks like a square piece taken from a region in the plasma membrane.\n\nThe cotton ends now look like the hydrophobic layers on either end while the central region looks like the hydrophilic ends of phospholipids. If you want to elaborate, you can include proteins in the bilayer! You can use colour papers, ribbons etc (you can stiffen them by dipping in some glue and drying in the shape you want; I have also seen hair-bands available that form specific ion-channel like structures. Goodluck!
550430
Mm...I remember when I did this lab last year. I will try to help you \n\n1. I don't remember. If you add more details...I'll be able to help you\n2. We need an equilibration period, so we start the experiment in all the vials at the same condition. SO..all of them are at the same temperature, pressure and we won't get far away from the expected results.\n\n3. the volume? Well...I am not sure about this one. You should explain a little bit more. But..I remember that KOH that you  you put in the cotton will absorbe CO2 produced by the vials that have the respiration process going on.\n\n4. again..provide background information about the experiment\n\nPLEASE...we know that it is about cellular respiration. But it the questions don't make sense to us if we don't know a little more about the procedure!
77822
Hi!\nI change my field of study from physics to biophysics but still its a great pleasure to solve a problem in physics if you dont mind.\nWish to see your project.\nBye
116399
see here http://www.people.vcu.edu/~mikuleck/courses/ch4/sld029.htm
461290
Hi - here are some ideas without seeing your actual data.  First - the system was too hot during transfer to  the membrane - be sure you aren't running it at too high  a voltage.   Second, not an issue with the  blot,  but with  the gel  - was it expired?  not fully polymerized? were the  wells free of debris when loading  samples?   sometimes with highly concentrated samples, especially cell lysates,  this  can  happen  because  of  viscosity  in t he  sample  (from  DNA for example). good  luck.
239113
Here you go...\n\nhttp://biog-101-104.bio.cornell.edu/Biog101_104/tutorials/frog.html\nhttp://www.infovisual.info/02/026_en.html
156321
Try browsing this site\n\nhttp://www.elfqrin.com/docs/biospw.html
452552
http://i24.photobucket.com/albums/c16/ScurvyBC/img007.jpg\n\nI drew it for you and uploaded it.\nWe did this activity in AP Chem where we had to build the models and draw them, and the teacher graded it and this is right. Oh but I forgot to draw the brackets around it with the negative charge symbol, so dont forget that!
520746
Are these helpful?\n\nhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=5539\n\nhttp://endo.endojournals.org/cgi/reprint/138/4/1419.pdf
410491
well theres alot of material i can provide you with but i dont know what particular experiment you are designing as there are always different experiments within an experiment.\nanyhow, i think this is an example of an experiment for photosynthesis and respiration and their pH levels.\n\nhttp://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/plb337/old_st_papers/emmert.pdf \n\n\nif you are doing the same experiment, i guess you will find this one really helpful.\n\n.. Good Luck
575936
First of all make sure your template is good quality. Did you extract genomic DNA, do you have a library in plasmids...(?).\nTry re-purifying your template.\n\nMaybe your template is GC-rich or has some secondary structure.\nIs your template very long?If so make sure you let the polymerase is working at the elongating temperature for enough time (1min/kb)\n\nIf you are using plasmid template try not to use too much. Don't put more than 30-40ng DNA in a reaction. \n\nCheck your primers:\n-can they form a dimer?\n-can they anneal at more than one site on the template DNA with a only few mismatches?\n-is the difference in the Tm of the two primers more than 6 C (it shouldn't;ideally they should be the same and I try not to exceed a difference of 4)?\n-do your primers end in more than 3  c or g in a row?\n-what's their Tm and GC content?Tm should not be very low (I design my primers at 56-61) and GC 40-60%.\n\nThe most strigent conditions are using as annealing temperature 2 C below the lowest Tm of the two primers. Try lower temperatures.\n\nYou can try different enzymes Taq, Pfu, Pwo, etc, even mixtures. Not all enzymes have the same processivity.\n\nYou can try different Mg+2 concentrations.\n\nThere are a lot of control experiments you can do depending on your template and primers. Eg if you have a library in a  plasmid that has sites for universal primers you can use one such primer and the other respective primer you designed in order to check if there is something wrong with the quality of your primers. \n\nIf everything is perfectly designed and you've tried evreything but still get a very faint (but of correct size) band, gel purify it and use it as a template for a new PCR. In this case you'll have a very high chance of getting mutations so you'll need to use a high fidelity enzyme like Pwo or Pfu turbo and of course sequence a lot till you get a correct clone.
306617
Miike,\n\nReally technical question,  one reference :\n\nhttp://www.cellculture.com/turbosystem.html\n\nlooks like they use both SP2 and the P3 lines to increase longevity.\n\nIf you are doing research at University or at non profit,  I would pose the question to the IMF / MMRF science committee and ask them: \n\nThey could possibly give you some case history for myeloma cell lines and which ones produce best with B cells  \n\n\nGood luck,\n\nJewells\n27 months and still here
358895
I think most theoretical chemists would agree that the holy grail in the field would be accurate prediction of folded protein structure using only the primary amino acid sequence. \n\nWhat makes this difficult is the enormous size of proteins, the numerous non-bonded interactions, and the necessity to model solvent interactions with chemical accuracy. Even with accurate methods to do a single point energy calculation, you still have to find methods to effectively serach the conformational space to locate the global energy minimum. It's a big problem, and would definitely be worth a Nobel prize.
462553
heres a good web site you might like http://www.lifesci.ucsb.edu/~biolum/
310211
Ummm....I think you might want to check your first question. Only one of the answers is even a cause.... Membrane voltage is caused by ions leaving and entering the cell (ion flux).\nThe Myosin/ATP question should be answered easily by searching myosin on any search engine. \nThe second question makes no sense to me as it is stated. :) \nI hope this helps point you in a good direction without doing your homework for you!
544955
Without knowing what the protein is supposed to do, it is impossible to tell what may happen with the mutations.  First of all, the changes in amino acid residues can be achieved most commonly by generating mutation(s) at the DNA level.  In other words, you need to take the cDNA, the gene cloned in a plasmid most likely, and redesign the coding sequence so that instead of coding for Ser106, it will code for an Asp.  Many bio-tech companies have kits that help in this step.  \n\nWhether a certain change will or will not affect function depends on what is known of the amino acid residues in question.  For example, if Ser106 is the residue for phosphorlyation and the resulted phosphoprotein is functional, then Ser106 to Asp106 will not be good to improve the function of your recombinant protein.  \n\nThe question is too hypothetical and there is no good answer to this.
399980
what affects buffers?\n\ndepends on which bufffers  -pH will with solubility, aas will temperature\n\nmaximum capacity depends on individual buffer - citric acid maxes at 3 base molecules, as does phosphates..\n\n\nnow to the question - what will you do for me?????   Good  thing I am a Christian - so i'll just take a thank you