How does the digested food in a Cndiarian reach the outer layer of cells in the cnidarian since they have 2 layers?
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courtesy of Encarta Encyclopedia Online!\nThe phylum of Cnidarians, or Coelenterates, is a phylum within Kingdom Animalia and consists of hydras, jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals. This phylum consists of over 9000 species. All cnidarians are radially symmetrical, meaning that they have a central axis and are symmetrical all around it. Their level of complexity is right above that of sponges, among the Metazoa, or many cells animals. In all cnidarians, the mouth leads directly into the gastrovascular cavity, a digestive cavity. This cavity is filled with fluid, which services internal cells, provides body support, and helps maintain structure. There is no anus, and so excess food and waste products must exit through the mouth. As a result, the digestive system of cnidarians is considered incomplete. Another characteristic of cnidarians is that they all have two layers of living tissue. The first layer of living tissue is known as the dermis, and the second layer is know as the gastordermis. The dermis is the outer layer, and the gastordermis is the inner layer which forms the body cavity. A gelatinous layer called mesoglea separates these two layers. Also, in all cnidarians, nearly all functions are performed by individual tissues, not organs, despite the fact that a very small number of them do contain organs. Another characteristic of cnidarians is that they all have two layers of living tissue. The first layer of living tissue is known as the dermis, and the second layer is know as the gastordermis. The dermis is the outer layer, and the gastordermis is the inner layer which forms the body cavity. A gelatinous layer called mesoglea separates these two layers. Also, in all cnidarians, nearly all functions are performed by individual tissues, not organs, despite the fact that a very small number of them do contain organs.\n\nPhylum Cnidaria includes the following classes:\n\n-Class Schphozoa (The jellyfish, or jellies)\n-Class Hydrozoa (Diverse polyps, including hydras)\n-Class Cubozoa (A minor tropical class with cuboidal swimming cups)\n-Class Anthozoa (Sea anemones, corals)
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fungi digest their food by secreting a digestive enzyme to break down the food then they sort of engulf the food\n\ntrue...some fungi are parasites...some can cause ringworm, athlete's foot\n\nthe deuteromycota fungi are not multicellular\n\nhyphae is a the threadlike filaments that form the mycelium of the fungi\n\ni don't know how thick they are...but they are very very thin\n\ni took this test long time ago in high school...i still remember it because i have to know my biology.
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Diploblastic organisms require each and every cell in the organism to be adjacent to both a source of food and an appropriate area in which to excrete waste products.  Such considerations are not required in triploblastic organisms.  In order for triploblastic organisms to fully exploit their advantage over diploblastic organisms they must develop internal organs to manage the food, gas and waste removal requirements of their internal cells.  This drive for systemic complexity within triploblastic organisms promotes advancement and the development of separate organ structures.\n\nBy the way the words you mentioned in your question are defined as follows (they are not all relevant to this question)\n\nCoelom – This is a cavity in the mesoderm running parallel to the gut in which organs will develop\nMesoderm – The middle germ layer found only in triploblastic organisms\nGerm layers – The two (in diploblasts) or three (in triploblasts) layers of cells present in developing embryos\nCephalisation – The state of having main sense organs proximate to the main processing centre for an organism (i.e. you exhibit cephalisation as your eyes, nose, ears, and tongue are very near your brain)\nSymmetry – Does what it says on the tin!
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paramecium ingest food particles through phagocytosis
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Lets see, \n2. the cell of a  univellular organism is more simpler than a cell of a multicellular organism because the single cell performs all life functions\n5.depends\n3. it may be digests?? because ingests means to take in food . . . not really to break the food down\n6.Changes
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the coelem is the type of body cavity they have, which is psuedocoelem, meaning fake. they have two types of cells, mesoderm and one other. they face eachother and form a cavity between them this is where they have organs, the ventral nerve cord runs down the back of the worm from its tiny brain to the end, this allows it to control its movements and sense pressure or pain. the digestive organs are the mouth, gizzard, pharynx, and intestine, there may be more
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As the name implies it is outer thin layer of a LIVING cell.In plant cells in addition to the cell membrane there is a cell wall,either of cellulose or lignin,which is the external most, protective covering.The cell membrane controls the entry and exits of molecules in side the LIVING cell from out side.The cell wall provides protection and gives shape to the cell, both living as well as dead.What we call wood is a collection of billions of dead plants cells that have strong lignified walls.\nAnimal cells lack a proper cell wall.\nOne can easily see a cell membrane with naked eyes. Take a hard boiled poultry egg. Gently crack and remove the outer SHELL which  is of calcium carbonate.Just on its inner side and coverig the WHITE of the egg ( which is now hard and firm) one is sure to find an extermely thin membrane.That is the CELL MEMBRANE! One can see it in afresh egg as well but for a first timer boiled egg is easier. Cell membrane is also called PLASMA MEMBRANE, as it forms the outer limits of the living cytoplasm of a cell.\nThe information above will make one believe that an egg is a cell. Yes it is true in all its aspects. It IS a CELL and since it has to survive out side the animal body, it is provided with a shell which is not a part of the cell.Poultry egg, or for that matter any egg is a cell. An ostrich's egg is the largest cell of all!.
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The human body is simply not capable of fully digesting some foods.  Many seeds for example (like corn and fruit seeds) have evolved to be hard shelled and resistant to digestion in birds and mammals to accomplish dispersal.  The plants that produce seeds often package them in a nutritional "gift", such as a fruit.  An animal eats the fruit, moves elsewhere, and defecates the seed out in another area.  A wonderful adaptation for plants that are sedentary and have no other way of dispersing their seeds.
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They have the short, simple digestive system of a carnivore that is very tolerant of rotting food full of bacteria.\n\nSome reptiles are also very tolerant of rotting food.
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Trick question. The answer is the epiglottis, which closes off the opening into the respiratory system when you swallow. But the epiglottis is a respiratory system structure, not digestive.
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The are many phyla that lack endoderm.  For example, the Phyla Porifera, Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, Rotifera, Nematoda, Gastrotricha, Acanthocephala, and Nematomorpha all lack the three major embryonic tissues (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm).  \n\nDuring fetal development, the endoderm gives rise to epithelial lining in several tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, respiratory tract, thyroid gland, thymus, pancreas, and liver.  Because organisms in the above phyla lack endoderm, the adults in these phyla have none of the tissues I listed.
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This all comes down to the way that vertebrates evolved, and it is a classic example of evolution producing a workable though complicated design that no intelligent designer would ever produce unless she were on drugs.\n\nTo explain let’s go back to the very earliest chordates. We are going back here to a time before our ancestors were fish, before they even had backbones. These things existed as essentially free-swimming worms a few inches long. No fins, no jaws, not even a real mouth, no limbs of any sort, just a body and a head. Every body segment aside form the head was identical and had just 4 muscle blocks. \n\nThese things lived by swimming around in the water filtering plankton from the water through a hole in their front end. That hole wasn’t a mouth, it was just a hole lined with beating hairs that drew in water.\n\nWith such a simple body plan these creatures didn’t require much nervous control by the ‘brain’ to the body.  Each body segment was controlled by a simple reflex arc from those 4 muscle blocks to the spinal cord. The brain could make them more or less responsive to stimulation and so cause the animal to turn left or right, but direct control from the brain to the body was extremely limited and there were correspondingly few nerves running from the brain to the body.\n\nWhat I haven’t mentioned is that this creature had EYES, and therein lies the reason for the crossing over. The early chordate brain was excessively devoted to operating some rather complex eyes that allowed it to see both  food and predators. So why are the eyes so important? Because when light enters they eyes it… crosses over. It inverts. You can follow the link below to get a better idea of this, with diagrams. But for now simply remember that the eye has a lense, and a lense inverts an image left to right as well as up and down. So with a brain devoted to processing inverted images collected through a lense it makes sense for the left brain to control the right body.  After all the information that comes from the left eye will in large part be telling the brain about conditions on the right side of the body.\n\n And so that is exactly what happened. These earliest chordates had (and still have) a brain with massive visual centres and limited  control of the body itself but, and this is vital, the left visual centres are largely located in the right brain. To move towards food on the left side of the body for example the signal form the left eye is processed by the right brain, and the right brain then sends the appropriate signals to the left body. To move towards visually acquired stimuli the signal has to cross over from the side of the brain that processed the data to the OPPOSITE side of the body.\n\nAs chordates became larger and more complex one of the things they did was to grow paired fins. They ceased being wormlike and became fishlike. But paired limbs require far more fine and centralised control than can be provided by a reflex arc to the spinal cord. So the brain assumed control. \n\nThe same brain that had evolved a complex crossover so that visual data corresponded to the correct side of the body was now being asked to assume direct control of paired limbs. Of course evolution works with what it has, not with what is best. The brain had a complex crossover for controlling the muscles of the body, and it couldn’t re-wire that, so it simply built on it. Limb control also crossed over form the left to the right brain even though it was no longer under visual control.\n\nAnd as we became more and more complex we simply kept the same convoluted design. The reason the left brain control the right arm today is simply because hundreds of years ago information form the left eye was processed by the right brain, which was a very sensible solution at the time.
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i dont know if this is true..but i heard once when i was a kid that tadpoles draw the nutrients they need from theyre little tails. i heard that its the same concept as little creatures eating their shells after breaking out of them. This might be urban legend but it makes sense to me! what else happens to their little tails? and please..nobody correct me or i will feel really really stupid for believing this if its not true
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Hermatypic corals (the ones that form coral reefs) have symbiotic zooxanthellae (unicellular algae) within their tissues; the algae receive protection and housing from the polyps, and enable them to produce their calcareous exoskeleton.\nThere are sea anemones that attach to the dorsum of crabs, marine snails, etc. Thus the anemone "travels free" and the other animal is protected. \nMany species of small fishes and crustaceans shelter beneath the umbella of some jellyfish (read example at the link).
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Cnidarians live mainly in marine environments. Examples of cnidarians are the jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals. They are different from sponges because sponges have assymmetry which means they have no definite shape. Cnidarians have radial symmetry.
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omg- this is such a complex thing. i just took a parasite class and we talked about nothing but worms and amoebas. worms normally enter through digestion and then burrow their heads between villi. then it grows and matures and deposits eggs through feces. some worms use proglottids, some drop eggs directly into intestines. the eggs are then released out of the anus and ready for another host or vector. some worms end up going though the lamina propria in intestines and getting into hepatic duct and getting into the blood stream. worms can then get into the heart or even encyst in muscle and crippling the muscle if enough get in there. the trichino worm gets into arm muscles and enough render the arm useless.
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im studying the digestive system right now, so i'll have a go at this question (u may want to chec accuracy).\nthe cell gets the carbon it needs via the blood supply. when we eat, all the nutrients are broken down and molecules such as hydrogen, oxygen and carbon are filtered into the blood stream so that they can be passed on to all the cells in th body.\n\ndoes that help?