Graduate student with a term paper due, and using references gathered from an interview with a politician. How do you cite sources in the text following his information (interview was not recorded, and simply written down brief answers and statistics pertinent to government-funded in home services for the elderly) and how are they referenced in the bibliography?\n\nalso... taking information from a presentation in class by a classmate... how do you cite this in proper APA formatting and in the references cited section?\n\nPlease help, no websites I have gone to have clarified this for me, just offered help with instant messenger, email, and postings for classes online.
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like this:\n\nPersonal Communication In Text Example: \n(Communicator, personal communication, Date of communication)\n \nReference Citation In Text Example:  \nB. D. Smith (personal communication, September 27, 1999) \n \n(Linn, F. B., personal communication, October 12, 2000)
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As I am a psychology major I feel your frustation with the APA format. Try http://citationmachine.net/index.php?page=about\n\nMy abnormal Psych prof. gave me that site, its pretty good.
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Uhm...I think you'd just have to write the name of the person, the topic you discussed, the day/time, and where you discussed it.\n\nI'd look on www.easybib.com or www.noodlebib.com
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Well if your looking for info for a college paper, then Yahoo! is certainly the best place to go isnt it. </sarcasm>\n\nTry your text book for one source, or educational web site (.edu).
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IN TEXT - I would say "according to wikipedia's article about _______".  \n\nThere is a way to cite down at the bottom of every page on wikipedia for your bibliography. \n\nI hope I answered your question, but I was a bit unclear. \nGood luck!\n\nYou might check out the MLA handbook for references to citing as well.
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Go here for topics \nhttp://www.csulb.edu/library/subj/Paper%20Topics/hottopics/hottopicsindex.htm and if you want some really excellent resources for writing the paper, go to my links (I am a high school English teacher) at \nhttp://www.backflip.com/members/ohva/13819720
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Tips for Writing an Argumentative Paper\n\nDr. Dyson’s tips for writing the \nARGUMENTATIVE RESEARCH PAPER\n\n1) By definition, an argumentative paper must have a THESIS. Your goal is to persuade your reader of a particular interpretation, not to describe a subject textbook-style. Be sure that you know and make clear to your reader what your point is. \n2) Avoid colloquialisms and very long paragraphs unless you have some pressing need for them (laziness does not count). \n3) Do not use subject headings: this is an argument, not a textbook. \n4) Do not just plunk down quotations: discuss them. This is important. Though often difficult, analyzing texts is the heart of scholarship. In general, long quotations should not end a paragraph. \n5) Footnote clearly, making it obvious what is your original contribution and what is not. \n6) Include a title page at the beginning and a list of "Works Cited" at the end. \n7) Cite ancient works by parenthetical references within the text, not by footnotes: e.g., (Iliad 10.45-53), (Aen. 6.112-23), (Suet. Aug. 44). Most ancient poetic works have book and line numbers, while most ancient prose works are divided into numbered sections. DO NOT refer to ancient works by page number within the translation unless there is no other way (as when translators, irresponsibly, neglect to give line or section numbers). Be sure to list the translations you use in your "Works Cited." \n8) Number your pages, starting with the first page of the text (not the title page). The length requirement given means text + footnotes; the list of works cited should be numbered but does not count for length (e.g. it would be page 11 of a 10-page paper). Staple the pages once in the upper left-hand corner. Do NOT use a folder. \n9) Indent and single-space quotations longer than 4 lines. \n10) Master The Elements of Style, the best guide to writing English prose. (If nothing else, obey this command: "Do not join independent clauses by a comma." I HATE comma splices.) Treasure this gem from the Introduction: \nVigorous writing is concise. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts. This requires not that the writer make all his sentences short, or that he avoid all detail and treat his subjects only in outline, but that every word tell.\n11) On bibliography: in general, \n- A few well-chosen sources are better than many ill-chosen ones. \n- Look first for things published recently and by major presses. \n- Journal articles are the life-blood of scholarship in many fields. Put in your interlibrary loan requests early (expect at least a 2-week delay). \n- Secondary literature should be used to stimulate your thinking and alert you to the issues other scholars have found important. The main focus should be your own analysis of primary evidence.\n12) Read the paper aloud once you have finished. Never write a sentence you would be ashamed to say. And remember, good writing is rewriting what you have already rewritten.\n\nClick this website for more information that might be helpful;\nhttp://home.att.net/~profmulder/ESSAY.htm\n\nTopics for Writing\n\nBioethics ethics in Life Sciences \nAssisted Suicide \nGenetic Research \nComputing Issues the social implications \nIntellectual Property & Piracy \nCybercrime and Privacy \nConstitutional Issues our rights under the Constitution \nGun Control \nThe Death Penalty \nSocial Concerns quality of life \nAnimal Rights\nGambling\nGay Marriages \nEducation Issues our public schools\n         Testing to Improve Educational Standards\n         School Choice - charter schools & vouchers\n         Intercollegiate Athletics and Ethics \n\nI got these suggestions from this website;\nhttp://www.gc.maricopa.edu/English/topicarg.html\nIf you go to this website you can click on the topic you like and get information about that
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This should do it for ya!\n\nhttp://citationmachine.net/
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You've never written an essay before and you're at the university? That seems strange. Anyway...In your introduction, you should briefly mention the three articles you are comparing and contrasting. Then, as you discuss each in the body paragraphs you can just refer to each article by the author's last name. For example, you could say, "The Smith article says that...." etc. It wouldn't hurt to add a brief appendix at the end.
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http://www.aresearchguide.com/7footnot.html\n\nThis website has all citing information. It saved my butt in college.
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Citing it in the content of your work depends on the way you put. For example you can mention the author of the work arguing or stating something followed by the year s/he published the work online (if this information is available in his/her website). Another way is to incorporate your idea in a sentence and put the auther's name and the year between brackets at the end of the sentence. At the end of your essay you have to mention the reference of course. The famous bibliographic software EndNote cites an electronic reference this way: \n\nSmith, A. (2000). Citing a Website.   Retrieved 25 April, 2006, from http://www.whateverthewebsitecanbe.com\n\nSmith: Surname\nA. : First Initial\n2000: Year of publishing the work\nCiting a Website: Title of the work\n<you know the rest>
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Did your teacher give you any more specific guidelines?  Endnotes (just like footnotes, by the way) can be used for a few purposes.  For such a short paper as you're writing, though, your teacher probably wants your in-text references to be given in endnotes--in short papers, this is more commonly done with a short citation in parentheses right in the text, but I can't think why your teacher would want that and endnotes too.  \n\nYou can use MS Word's endnote function to create your endnotes.  When you're quoting or paraphrasing from a particular source, you write something like the following: \n\nAccording the the Encyclopedia Brittanica, "something happened."  \n\nAfter the last piece of punctuation, insert an endnote.  The function will create a little superscript number in the text and then will take you directly to the last page of the document to type in the endnote itself, which would be something like "Encyclopedia Brittanica, "Article title", 1996, page 43."  Then you click back into the main text and continue typing your paper.  Anything you refer to in your endnotes should be included in a full citation in your bibliography.  \n\nIf you have more questions about how, specifically, your teacher wants it done, you should ask your teacher directly.  We can give you pointers, but the best way to do something is always by doing it exactly the way the teacher tells you to.
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When you document sources from the World Wide Web, the MLA suggests that your Works Cited entries contain as many items from the following list as are relevant and available:\n\n# Name of the author, editor, compiler, or translator (if available and relevant), alphabetized by last name and followed by any appropriate abbreviations, such as ed.\n\n# Title of a poem, short story, article, or other short work within a scholarly project, database, or periodical, in quotation marks\n\n# Title of a book, in italics or underlined\n\n# Name of the editor, compiler, or translator of a book (if applicable and if not cited earlier), preceded by any appropriate abbreviation, such as ed.\n\n# Publication information for any print version\n\n# Title of the scholarly project, database, periodical, or professional or personal site (in italics or underlined), or, for a professional or personal site with no title, a description such as home page2\n\n# Name of the editor of a scholarly project or database (if known)\n\n# Version number (if not part of the title) or, for a journal, the volume, issue, or other identifying number\n\n# Date of electronic publication or posting or latest update, whichever is most recent (if known)\n\n# Name of any institution or organization sponsoring or associated with the Web site\n\n# Date you accessed the source\n\n# URL (in angle brackets)\n\nAlthough no single entry will contain all fourteen items of information, all Works Cited entries for Web sources contain the following basic information:\n\nOnline document\n\n    Author's name (last name first). Document title. Date of Internet publication. Date of access <URL>. \n\nEXAMPLES:\n\nLandsburg, Steven E. "Who Shall Inherit the Earth?" Slate 1 May 1997. 1 Oct. 1999 <http://www.slate.com/Economics/97-05-01/ Economics.asp>.\n\nStuber, Irene. "April 26, 1996: Episode 638." Women of Achievement and Herstory: A Frequently-Appearing Newsletter. 3 May 1996. 11 Dec. 1997 <http://www.academic.marist.edu/woa/ index.htm>.
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keller.clarke.edu/~english/honors/liz.\n\n PLEASE CHECK OUT THIS SITE THE LINKS THAT ARE IN THE  BODY OF THE PAPER ARE INCREDIBLE. GOOD LUCK!!!
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http://www.questia.com/PM.qst;jsessionid=DCchThVQx3t1RxjjTYkzLh2Qr83s6l32QPGpqTylLlMk81VLlnNs!613\nhttp://www.lafayette.edu/news.php/view/8413\nhttp://www.questia.com/PM.qst;jsessionid=DCchThVQx3t1RxjjTYkzLh2Qr83s6l32QPGpqTylLlMk81VLlnNs!613\nhttp://www.accessmylibrary.com/comsite5/bin/comsite5.pl?page=library&item_id=0286-6067267\nhope this helps\narticles with quotes by authors
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With the MLA format, you put the citation after the information from the source in parantheses. If there is more than one citation in a sentence, you just have to attribute the quote to the correct author.\n\nThe sources below should provide a little more clarification as to the rules of the MLA.
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The MLA format is too intricate to be discussed at length here. Purchase a copy of the latest edition of the book from your preferred retailer.\n\nYou might also wish to try the official website at http://www.mla.org