The presence of flowers and outer protective coatings of the seeds distinguishes\na club mosses from mosses. b angiosperms from gymnosperms. c two classes of angiosperms. d seed\nplants from seedless plants.\n\n\nplease be right...biology test   help!!!
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B Gymnosperms have no flowers and have cones that don't really protect the seeds. Angiosperms have flowers, and the seeds are contained within a protective "fruit"
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i dont know what BioGeek is talking about but as far as i know phylum bryophyta refers to mosses\n\nBryophytes used to be classified as three classes of a single phylum, Bryophyta. Modern texts, however, now assign each class to its own phylum: Mosses (Bryophyta), Liverworts (Hepatophyta), and Hornworts (Anthoceraphyta). This reflects the current taxonomic wisdom that the Liverworts and Hornworts are more primitive and only distantly related to Mosses and other plants.
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Abstract \nPollen morphology is closely related to its function. Many of the features present in pollen grains have helped the species of plants to which it belongs to adapt to life on land, be able to disperse its pollen, and fertilize the female eggs to produce new seeds that would give rise to new plants.  I have collected four samples of pollen from angiosperms and studied their detailed morphology.  This paper studies the correlations between the structure and function of pollen grains of those four species angiosperms.\n\nPollen grains are structures that house the male gametophyte generation of angiosperms and gymnosperms (seed plants).  They are also the vehicles in which the male gamete genetic code is carried to the female gamete.  Pollen grains develop in the anther in angiosperms.  It travels and is deposited on the stigma of a receptive flower.  In gymnosperms, pollen develops in the male cone, travels, and fertilizes the ovules in the female cones to produce seeds.  Each pollen grain consists of the two celled male haploid plant enclosed in a thickened wall.\n\nThe casing that houses the male gametophyte has a very complex structure that is reflective of that specific species' functional adaptations.  The exine is the outer layer of a living pollen grain.  It is composed of sporopollenin, with small quantities of polysaccharides.  Sporopollenin is very chemically stable1 and it is resistant to to almost all kinds of environmental damage.  It is equipped with apertures.  It it divided into two sub layers: the outermost sexine and the unsculptured underlying nexine.  The sexine has surfaces that are sculptured in elaborate ways, with reticulately arranged perforations.  These give the exine and amorphous or granular appearance.  The inner layer of a living pollen grain is called the intine.  It is composed of cellulose and is very similar in construction to ordinary plant cell walls.  A layer called the endexine separates the sexine and intine.  The endexine has a laminated appearance.\n\nPollen grains are generally classified according to their physical appearance.  There are three criteria of classification: 1) the number and position of the apertures; 2) the shape of the pollen grain as a whole; and 3) the fine elaborate structure on the sexine.  Apertures are any missing parts of the exine, which are independent of the exine pattern.  Apertures are big and they cut across the fine structure pattern on the surface of the pollen grain.  There are two types of apertures: pori or pores are mostly isodiametric apertures, although the can be slightly elongated with rounded ends; colpi or furrows are long and boat shaped with pointed ends.  Colpi are thought to be more primitive.  In living pollen grains these apertures are not actually open.  Instead, a very thin layer of exine covers them.  Grains with pori are called porate; those with culpi are called culpate; and those with both pori and culpi are called colporate.  If their apertures are arranged equidistantly around the equator of the pollen grains they are assigned the prefix zono-; if they are scattered all over the surface of the pollen grain they are assigned the prefix panto-.  The number of apertures is also indicated by prefixes: mono- for one aperture; di- for two apertures; tri- for three apertures; and so on.\n\nThe shape of a pollen grain refers to the shape of their outline in polar and equatorial views.  The shape of a grain can sometimes be useful in identifying of pollen species, but not usually. I may vary considerably within one grain type, and sometimes within one species.\n\nThe sculpture refers to the fine structure and pattern of the sexine.  It is composed of small radially directed rods.  If these rods support something (such as a plate or a small knob) they are called columnellae; if they do not support anything they are called bacula.  The shape of the rods can further classify them.  If they are club shaped they are called clavae;
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flowers are modified leaves that are sexual organs....runners are modified stems that reproduce asexually\nthe techinical term for runner is stolon
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Meristem\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\nJump to: navigation, search\n\nA meristem is a tissue in plants consisting of undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells) and found in zones of the plant where growth can take place - the roots and shoots.\n\nDifferentiated plant cells generally cannot divide or produce cells of a different type. Therefore, cell division in the meristem is required to provide new cells for expansion and differentiation of tissues and initiation of new organs, providing the basic structure of the plant body.\n\nMeristematic cells are analogous in function to stem cells in animals, are incompletely or not at all differentiated, and are capable of continued cellular division (youthful). Furthermore, the cells are small and protoplasm fills the cell completely. The vacuoles are extremely small. The cytoplasm does not contain differentiated plastids (chloroplasts or chromoplasts), although they are present in rudimentary form (proplastids). Meristematic cells are packed closely together without intercellular cavities. The cell wall is a very thin primary cell wall.\n\n                                       ***\n\nThe answer is definitely meristems. Endodermis is the outer layer of a leaf, parenchyma are the dividing cells that usually make up meristems and most soft parts of the plant, while protonema are green filaments on moss.
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Botany is the scientific study of plantlife.  Botany covers the study of the structure, growth, reproduction, metabolism, development, diseases, ecology, and evolution of plants.\n\n\n\nI know quite a bit, I just completed that class at this semester at the college i go too.
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The variety of plant life is astonishing, and studying it could lead to many different areas.  Botany is the science covering the study of the biology of plants.  Biochemistry would be the chemical reactions occurring in living organisms.\n\nGermination is the term used to describe the emergence of the plant from its seed.  It is controlled by chemical processes that allow the seed to determine when is the best time to emerge.   Moisture, temperature, light and darkness and other conditions control seed germination.\n\nPlant physiology is the study of the life processes of plants.\n\nThe molecule that carries the code of the plant, is known as DNA.\n\nHere are two links to start your exploration of this wondrous, awe-inspiring subject.
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APPEARANCE: Tress, shrubs and grass.\n\nHABITATS:   Terential, aquatic and sub terential.
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Try this:\n\nSection 1\n1. What are the distinguishing features of a man from other genus?\n2. What are the distinguishing features of a man from other genus?\n\nSection 2\nIn combining the questions raised in section 1, further subject related questions become apparent:\n1. Does the basis to distinguish a man form other genus differ from that of a woman?\n2. Does the method to distinguish a man from other genus differ from that of a woman?\n3. Are the ideas to distinguish a man from other genus deifferent from that of a woman?\n4. Is this basis to distinguish X from Y different that X from Z?
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You could say the nucleus is everything to a cell.\n\n-It controls cell division-a cell without a nucleus cannot reproduce because the nucleus contains chromosomes which hold all the 'information' about a cell.\n-It basically controls all the metabolic activities of the cell, like the type of enzymes to be produced, protein synthesis etc.\n-In doing this, the nucleus determines what a particular cell will be like e.g. a guard cell; root hair cell. Without a nucleus, I guess all plant cells would be identical because they wouldn't know what each of their function is.
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Well you might start with reading about the scientific method.  There in you might find you need two study groups and likly several kinds of plants.  \nI would start with easily grown from seed plants.  Given identical stimuli except one group gets exposed to music.  Now a truly interested party would have several more groups and vary the added stimuli with various kinds of music.  eg. rock, punk, blues, opera, elevator type, etc....no doubt one might find that the added stimulis might alter the outcome in each of the test groups to get the added stimuli.  Too, one may find that certain plants behave differently to that added stimuli.  Might even vary it again by adding identcal plants alredy growing to each group.
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An anther is the pollen-bearing part of the stamen. An ovary is the ovule-bearing lower part of a pistil that ripens into a fruit. A plant does not need all it's fruits to survive so it is probably this one. A sepal is one of the separate, usually green parts forming the calyx of a flower. An ovule is a minute structure in seed plants, containing the embryo sac and surrounded by the nucellus, that develops into a seed after fertilization.\n\nIn some species, unisexual (male or female) flowers are produced on separate plants. So a "male" plant would not need an ovary. Some plants have both male and female parts on one plant but other species have just the male or just the female.\n\nI could be wrong. I'm not 100% sure. Did they pass your test back with the answer marked wrong but the teacher didn't write in the right answer but you need to know it for the final? If so, which one did you pick that was marked wrong?
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Here's what I learned:\n\nBoth gymnosperms and angiosperms have vascular tissue and both produce seeds. However, the seeds of angiosperms are surrounded by the wall of the ovary of the flower which forms the fruit, whereas gymnosperms do not possess this structure. Their seeds are described as naked (Gymnosperm from the Greek: gymnos - naked, sperm - seed). Botanists place the angiosperms in the group (division) Angiophyta but the Gymnosperms do not form a coherent group and are separated into four divisions.\n(from http://www.botany.uwc.ac.za/ecotree/gymangio.htm)\n\nI don't really see the wall of the ovary as one of the choices you offer.  I guess the answer is C--fruits.
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The main difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms is that the ovules and the seeds of gymnosperms are unprotected unlike the seeds of angiosperms which are enclosed in fruit.
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1. The leaves of a plant using photosynthesis...The leaves are healthy and green.\nSorry, but I thought that I could think of more than that, but I tried.
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oh i know this so well,read it for my exam ,ok here it goes:\n    \n\n~ types of cells involved in epiboly are micromeres whereas in emboly ,for involution or rolling in of cells ,the cells involved are micromeres and for ivagination or in pushing of cells,the cells involved are macromeres or megameres.\n\n~ location for the process of epiboly ,in the forming gastrula , is animal zone or pole,whereas for emboly,involution it is equatorial zone and for invagination it is vegetal zone.\n\n~ the germ layer formed after epiboly is the ectoderm and in the case of embol,involution process gives rise to chordamesoderm\nand after the process of invagination,endoderm is formed.\n\n\nim sorry can't write by drawing columns so wrote it this way,hope u understood what i wrote.all the best for ur studies,any help u can contact me! :)
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There are a number of interesting functions demonstrated for stipules of certain plant species.\nAlso protection of emerging leaves.\n\n   1. Stipules that are green may be leaf-like (Examples: flowering quince, a geranium, and a sycamore) , linear, thread-like, or reduced to minute scales, thereby requiring a hand lens to see. Plant biologists have assumed that green stipules are photosynthetic, but ecophysiologists generally have not determined how significant green stipules may be as temporary or persistent photosynthetic structures. Anatomical reports on photosynthetic stipules are exceedingly rare, so that we know little about the presence of stomates and the nature of the mesophyll in stipules.\n   2. If hardened with lignin, a stipule may become modified as a spine, i.e., a stipular spine. In many species, one stipular spine or a pair of stipular spines may be observed at each node, e.g., among legumes, and for legumes, the stipular spine is the typical type of shoot armature (Examples: coral tree, Chloroleucon, and a mimosa). Obviously, stipular spines were effective in their specific native habitat for many of these cases as an adaptation to reduce predation by vertebrate herbivores. Very large, hollow stipular spines in certain species of bull acacia (Acacia, Family Mimosaceae) serve as homes for ants, which defend the plant from all other herbivores. Stipular spines are extremely important forms of shoot armature for the succulent euphorbs (Family Euphorbiaceae; examples: crown-of-thorns, young stipular spines, and old stipular spines), most species of which occur in thorny scrub and woodland as well as desert habitats in Africa and southern Asia. Stipular spines also are present on certain climbers.\n   3. In many groups of plants, stipules are short-lived, nonphotosynthetic structures that abscise before the leaf is fully expanded (a legume). Such stipules tend to be nongreen, often hyaline (an elm), off-white (ramie), yellow, or brownish, but there are some remarkable cases where the stipule is brilliantly colored, especially with anthocyanins, red to purple vacuolar pigments (Talauma hodgsonii). A nongreen stipule probably can be regarded as vestigial, lacking any function for the mature leaf and shoot but perhaps protecting the young leaf while it is at the growing tip.\n   4. Sometimes stipules and stipels have evolved as extrafloral nectaries, utilized to nourish mutualistic ants, or other types of glands.\n   5. In Smilax, a lianaceous monocotyledon, the stipule may develop as a tendril.\n   6. For whatever function, corky stipules are known from certain dryland shrubs, for example, the species of creosote bush (Larrea young stipules of L. tridentata and older stipules in L. nitida) in New World deserts and the tough-leaved evergreen species of Ceanothus in California chaparral.