it is a electrochemical cell where concentration of electrolytes varied
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Lithium cells are becoming an increasingly important part of portable power sources due to their high energy density and low weight. To fulfill their full potential, lithium cells must overcome several limitations. The most significant of these limitations is the formation of ion gradients in the cell’s electrolyte. Such gradients impede the amount of current that the cell can produce. Overcoming this limitation will allow lithium cells to output an increased amount of current.\n\nBased on earlier studies that have been conducted on lithium / silver salt cells, it was observed that current output depended on electrolyte concentration, viscosity, and the particular anion of the silver salt. From reading and consultation, I have come to focus subsequent studies on the effect of these variables on the formation of ion gradients in these cells as an underlying factor effecting the current output.
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A company called INI Power Systems (Cary, NC) makes a fuel cell with no membrane.  It uses two fluids that flow next to each other.  DUe to laminar flow, they don't mix significantly but still exchange ions as if there was a membrane there.
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Yes, osmotically refers to the water and salt ion gradients inside and outside a cell's, or any selectively permeable, membrane. There are three states of osmotic condition. Isotonic = similar inside and outside.  Hypertonic where there is more salt ions outside fo the cell.  Water osmotically diffuses out of the cell.  This leads to cellular creanation Finally, hypotonic where there is more salt ions inside the cell  Water osmotically diffuses into the cell.  This is osmosis leading to cytolysis.
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Ion exchange is a viable alternative but it ultimately works on the same principles as Electrochemistry
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it is called electrolysis\n2NaCl + 2H2O ----> 2NaOH  + H2 + Cl2
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Cations are positive, and are attracted to the cathode, which is negative.
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What you are constructing is similar to a "thermocouple".\nA thermocouple works on the principle that in any two dissimilar metals there is a potential (voltage) difference;  Meaning simply, that one has more electrons than the other.  And like water, electrons seek equilibrium. So,  metal "A"can have a positive charge compared to metal "B" but have a negative charge compared to metal"C" because it posses more or less electrons when compared.  This potential difference and electron exchange is called "electrolysis" and will fluctuate with temperature changes.  According to how large your contact surfaces are may determine the tapering off of the potential difference due to equilibrium being reached quickly near the area of contact making it more difficult for electrons further away from this area to cross over. (I am assuming that these metals are not in solution).  \n  FYI.  You can make a thermometer out of these dissimilar metals by changing the temp at point of contact and recording the voltage at different temperatures.
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Fuel Cell, device in which the energy of a chemical reaction is converted directly into electricity. Unlike a battery, a fuel cell does not run down; it operates as long as fuel and an oxidant are supplied continuously from outside the cell. Several companies are developing fuel cells that they hope will replace conventional internal-combustion engines in automobiles over the next few decades.\n\nA fuel cell consists of an anode, the positive end of an electric circuit, and a cathode, the negative end of an electric circuit, separated by an electrolyte. Electrolytes are substances that allow ions (particles formed when a neutral atom or molecule gains or loses one or more electrons) to pass through them. Fuel flows to the anode, and an oxidant flows to the cathode. The chemical reaction between the fuel and the oxidant produces an electric current. Various fuels may be used, but research and development in recent years has focused on hydrogen fuel cells.\n\nIn a hydrogen fuel cell, hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell’s anode, and an oxidant, commonly the oxygen present in air, is supplied to the cathode. The fuel cell strips electrons from the hydrogen atoms. These electrons move from the anode through the electric circuit to the cathode, creating an electric current that can be tapped to provide power. The electron-deficient hydrogen atoms meanwhile pass through the electrolyte to the cathode. There the electrons that passed through the circuit recombine with the electron-deficient hydrogen atoms. Oxygen (from the air) reacts with this reformed hydrogen, producing water. Water produced at the cathode has to be removed continuously to avoid flooding the cell.\n\nHydrogen fuel cells hold great promise as low-pollution automobile engines if certain difficulties can be overcome. Water, the only waste product of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, is nonpolluting and can be used to cool the engine. The oxygen the cells need is readily available in air. Hydrogen, however, is not so readily available, and there is no existing delivery system to convey hydrogen to all the places people would need it to power their cars. In addition, pure hydrogen is not abundant enough to provide power for all the cars on the road today. Instead, hydrogen would need to be extracted from other substances, a process that requires energy and produces pollutants.
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Water is not a good conductor of electric current it conducts electric current because of the impurities present in it.\n\nWhy?\n\nWith this simple experiment you can verify that the distilled water presents a very low conductivity because the potential of the first circuit is much less than the developed by the battery. The small potential of this circuit is due to the presence of the H+ and OH- ions produced when some molecules of water are dissociated. However, the number of molecules of water that are dissociated is practically negligible, making the distilled water a weak electrons conductor. It is worth noting, that as the distance among electrodes increases, the resistance to the electrons transfer in the distilled water increases considerably. This fact evidences even more the low conductivity of the distilled water.\n\nWhen salt is added (NaCl) to the system, the conductivity of the system increases considerably. The water not only dissolves the salt, as well as it dissociates the salt molecule. The elementary sodium (Na) presents an excess electron and the chloride (Cl) has a strong affinity for electrons. Consequently, after dissociation, the sodium loses an electron to the chloride, forming Cl- and Na+ ions. The presence of these ions increases the conductivity of the water considerably. The positive ions (Na+) migrate to the negative electrode (linked to the pole - of the battery) and the negatives (Cl-) migrate to the positive electrodes (linked to the pole + of the pile). The conductivity of the aqueous solution water/salt is proportional to the ions concentration in the solution.\nWhen you try to measure the conductivity of tap water you can verify that it has higher conductivity in comparison with distilled water because this contains ions (less pure). The tap water has higher conductivity due to the presence of the ions: Ca2+ and Mg2+. And don´t forget, try the science at home!
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Near East, about 100 BC, it is believed from archaeological finds - ceramic vessels with metal rods, thought to have contained saline solutions.\n\nModern use of batteries was introduced by Galvani around 1790.\n\nThe principle is the same as for modern batteries: connected galvanic half-cells. The use seems to have been for electrolytic coating.
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Definitions\n• adjective:   pertaining to or producing electric current by chemical action (Example: "A galvanic cell")\n• adjective:   affected by emotion as if by electricity; thrilling (Example: "The new leader had a galvanic effect on morale") \n\nOrigin\nNamed after Luigi Galvani (1737-1798) who attributed purely to biology certain electrochemical effects. Read about him in http://www.corrosion-doctors.org/Biographies/GalvaniBio.htm\n\nAlso, please polish up your spelling: "know" "origin" "whatever" "really" "help" "quick"
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It is a chemical reaction.
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It is a chemical that you keep at all times.  In a typical lab that would include acid, bases, certain organic solvents, etc.  You will also hear stock solutions which are solutions of these chemicals.  Do not confuse these with standard solutions which are solutions where the concentration is exactly known.
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see the diagrams in the source\n\nBig Idea\nWater is comprised of two elements - hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). Distilled water is pure and free of salts; thus it is a very poor conductor of electricity. By adding ordinary table salt (NaCl) to distilled water, it comes an electrolyte solution, able to conduct electricity.\n\nKey Concepts\n\n    * Ionic compounds such as salt water, conduct electricity when they dissolve in water.\n    * Ionic compounds consist of two or more ions that are held together by electrical attraction. One of the ions has a positive charge (called a cation) and the other has a negative charge (anion).\n    * Molecular compounds, such as water, are made of individual molecules that are bound together by shared electrons (i.e. covalent bonds).\n\nEssential Questions\n\n    * What happens to salt when it is dissolved in water?\n    * What are electrolytes?\n    * How can we determine the volume of dissolved ions in a water sample?\n    * How are atoms held together in an element?\n\nKnowledge and Skills\n\n    * Conduct an experiment to see that water can be split into its constituent ions through the process of electrolysis.\n    * Prepare and experiment with a 10% salt solution to better understand the process of ion exchange.\n    * Discuss and research the "softness" and "hardness" of water.\n    * Use the periodic table to identify elements and learn their characteristics.\n\nPrior Knowledge\n\n    * Define the difference between ionic and molecular compounds.\n    * Salt consists of sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl).\n    * Water is a tiny, V-shaped molecult with the molecular formula H2O.\n    * A basic understanding of how a battery works.\n    * Atoms are made of a positive nucleus surrounded by negative electrons.\n    * An atom's electron configuration, particularly the outermost electrons, determines how the atom can interact with other atoms.\n    * All matter is made up of atoms.\n    * Atoms of any element are alike, but different from atoms of other elements.\n\nCommon Preconceptions\n\n    * Students may think - "Water is a good conductor of electricity." Water is a very poor "conductor" of electricity. (The ionization constant for water is very small.) The reason it is dangerous to insert a light bulb while standing in a puddle of water is that water is a great solvent for ionic compounds. Tap water and fresh water typically contain dissolved ions in sufficient concentrations to enable the solution to be conductive. However, ions in solution carry the charge and are therefore responsible for the current, not the water itself.\n    * Students may think - "Electrons can flow through solutions." In "conduction of electricity" through solutions, electrons themselves do not pass through the solutions. Rather, the charge balance is maintained in the solution by movement of cations and anions toward the electrodes where charge transfer takes place at the solution interface.\n      Water is comprised of two elements - hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). Distilled water is pure and free of salts; thus it is a very poor conductor of electricity. By adding ordinary table salt (NaCl) to distilled water, it comes an electrolyte solution, able to conduct electricity.\n\nConcept Map\nThis lesson and activity relates to the branch "Phases of Water" from the comprehensive Aquarius Concept Map - Water & its patterns on Earth's surface.\n\nBackground\nIn chemistry, electrolysis is a method of separating bonded elements and compounds by passing an electric current through them. An ionic compound, in this case salt, is dissolved with an appropriate solvent, such as water, so that its ions are available in the liquid. An electrical current is applied between a pair of inert electrodes immersed in the liquid. The negatively charged electrode is called the cathode, and th positively charged one the anode. Each electrode attracts ions which are of
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Assuming that the fluid increase is due to an increase in water, the cells will expand due to the water moving down its concentration gradient.
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If you think about it, the capacitance is the ability to store charge, so that leads me to conclude:\n1)It is has a positive correlation to the concentration\n2)It's limited by the size of the double layer.  If you have a small area  that the double layer is building up on(small electrode)-it'll reach the maximum and then stop being able to increase capacitance despite concentration much faster than if it's a large electrode.\nSo, I'm guessing, it is something like, the change in capacitance (not the capacitance itself) due to the change in concentration increases until it reaches a limit imposed by the area of the electrode.\nIt's just qualitative, but you said you didn't mind.
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try out an electrolysis experiment with the battery u wil get to know abt the charges of the battery the place where the metal move is the negative charged one and where the non metal moves tht is the positive terminal