Electric current is the speed of Electron particles in an atom so then which is faster ??? Photons or Electrons ???
205676
Photons because light travels at 300000km/s, it would be called teleportation if an human was able to travel at such a speed.
183413
I will have to answer your question in two parts.\n\nElectrons in a piece of metal move around randomly with speeds of about 10^5 m/s. This is just the thermal velocity associated with the energy the electrons possess without any electric field present.\nWhen an electric field is applied, the electrons acquire a miniscule drift velocity. This velocity is miniscule compared to both the thermal velocity AND the speed of light.\nElectrons flowing as a current have speeds no where near the speed of light, whether you speak about the thermal or drift velocities.\n\nHOWEVER, the SIGNAL DOES travel close to the speed of light. Signal speeds are typically about 2/3 the speed of light. Just do a simple coaxial cable calculation to find a wave equation, and you can find the conduction speed.\nThe reason for this is that the Electric field applied can cause electrons ALL THROUGHOUT the circuit to move, and thus the speed of the signal is greater than the drift speed of the electrons.\n\nThe other answers are wrong in saying that ELECTRONS travel close to the speed of light.\nIt is correct to say that ELECTRICAL SIGNALS travel close to the speed of light, however.
389378
There is not one speed to electricity, there are two.\n\nThe electron drift rate, determined by the number of conductors, the applied, field, and the mean free path, and the field transfer rate aka the speed of light in the material.\n\nAll conductors have resistance - its like friction for electricity.  Even "superconductors" have it, thought its a lot less than in other conductors.  Just like a ball you roll eventually stops, so will electron motion.\n\nIf you had a superconducting power strip, and a very fast plugger, you could make it plug into itself and it would glow for a long time.  The light would make it glow for a lot less long of a time.  Thats all about initial current voltage, and internal resistance.
409313
Volts.  The the force behind electricity. Ampere is the mount of current. Ohm is the unit of measure for resistance.
620089
Nico, I have no idea what you are talking about.\n\nElectricity is quite simply a movement of electromagnetic charge. Nothing more and nothing less. \n\nAtoms are made up of (amongst other things) protons and electrons. Electrons have a negative electrical charge and neutrons have a positive charge. When an atom has a surplus of electrons it becomes negatively charged and when it has a surplus of protons it has a positive charge.\n\nWhen a charged atom (ion) or even a single electron moves from one place to another that is electricity. \n\nHousehold electricity is a ‘push’ of electrons from a magnetic generator. It exists primarily as a movement of electrons. In contrast the electrical impulses within your muscles and nerves are created by producing a high concentration of metal ions. Such biological electricity exists primarily as a movement of ions.\n\nElectricity isn’t fire or light or anything else in the universe. It is simply what it is, a movement of charge. There really is no other answer.
267740
Let's see if I can remember...\n\na) Find the current flowing through a DC circuit, from a 12V battery and a 3 ohm resistor.\n\nBy Ohm's Law, V = IR, where\n\nResistance = ohms = R\nCurrent = amperes = I\nVoltage = volts = V\n \nYou want to find the current, in amperes, so we switch the equation around a little: if V = IR, that also means that I = V/R (dividing both sides by the same thing gives the same answer).\n\nNow, plug in our values:\nI = (12 volts/ 3 ohms) = 4 amperes\n\nb) what is the current in an AC circuit, with 120 V and 60 W lightbulb.\nIn this case, Watts is a unit of power, and volts is a unit of resistance, and amperes is a unit of current. Electrical power is amperes times volts, or W = I * V\n\nIn this case, W = 60 and V = 120, so we rearrange it:\nW = I * V or \nI = W/V or \nI = (60 watts/120 volts) = 0.5 A\n\nAs for the atom model problem...hmmm! Si is the symbol for silicon. It has an atomic number of 14 (not 16) and an atomic mass of 28.085. According to the Bohr model of an atom, every atom has electrons (with no mass, and a negative charge), protons (with a mass, and a positive charge) and neutrons (with a mass, and no charge). The number of protons and electrons must be equal in order for the atom to have no charge, if one is greater than the other, it results in an ion (positive ion if protons are greater than electrons, negative ion if electrons are greater than protons). Electrons orbit around a nucleus of protons and neutrons.\n\nNow, an element's atomic number (14 in this case) is the same as the number of protons (and electrons, since the element is not an ion, in this case). So a silicon atom has 14 electrons orbiting around its nucleus, and its nucleus also has 14 protons and a number of neutrons.\n\nThe electrons orbit in shells around the nucleus. In the case of silicon, the inner shell has two electrons, the next shell has the maximum number possible or eight, and the third shell has the other electrons, or four. (To check, 2+8+4 = 14.) \n\nFinally, the number of neutrons in the nucleus can be calculated if we know how much a neutron weighs and how much a proton weighs. If N is the weight of a neutron, and P is the weight of a proton, and the number of neutrons is n1, and the number of protons is n2, and we say that the atomic weight is A, we have:\n\nA = (n1 * N) + (n2 * P)\n\nWe want to find n1, so we rearrange this like:\n(n1 * N) + (n2 * P) = A\n(n1 * N) = A - (n2 * P)\nn1 = (A - (n2 * P))/N\n\nNow all we have to do is plug in the relevant values, and we shall get the number of neutrons in an atom of silicon:\nA = 28.085\nn2 = 14\nP = \nN = \n\nSo, n1 = (A - (n2 * P))/N = \n\nSimple! Or at least, simpler! :)\n\nI know what you're going through...getting back into the swing of things after you've been away from school for a long time can be a pain. But keep on plugging away, it's worth it in the end! Good luck!
318978
Basically photons (or light) are the particles that is exchanged in communicating the electromagnetic force. To understand the essence of electric charge then you must understand light, or EM fields. This is independent of the atom.
59894
A proton, neutron, and electron is what makes up an atom.  a molecule however is defined as two or more atoms linked by chemical bonds which are linked atom.  Covalent bonds consist of shared pairs of electrons Electronegativity: unequal sharing of electrons...U can find more info on askjeeves.com
710
One property of matter is the electric charge. Most sub-atomic particles have either a positive (+) or negative (-) electrical charge. Those that don't are considered neutral. The most common charged particles are the electron and proton. Atoms with an excess of electrons are called negative ions. Those with missing electrons are called positive ions. There is an electrical field that flows between opposite charges, causing an electrical force. This results in an attractive force between the opposite charges and a repelling force between like charges.
342426
B. electron\n\nis the right answer.
657067
Yes! in the Sub Atomic particle. Photons behave the same way.
17640
Start thinking of electrons in an atom as probability clouds...or regions of space around the atom at a given radius where the probability is high that the electron will exist.  Bohr theory ("orbits") is not complete, in fact it's not an accurate depiction of the electrons in an atom.\n\nThe reason the electron's don't radiate while "orbiting" is that they don't "orbit" anything!!  Instead, there are regions of space around the atom where the probability of an electron existing at any instant is non-zero.  Excited electrons may lose energy and drop to a lower energy level (to a smaller radius from the atom), in which case the electron will radiate energy in the form of a photon whose energy is equal to the difference in energy levels (excited state - lower state).  \n\nAs a concrete example, this radiation from dropping to lower energy states is the basis of lasing action and the principle on which lasers operate.\n\nAs I said, think in terms of the quantum mechanical description of the electron rather than the Bohr theory.  It's not over your head, believe me, just study quantum mechanics.  Start with the electron in a Hydrogen atom, it's the simplest case (a 1 electron atom!!)\n\nI hope this helps.
162546
A current flows means there is a motion of electrons in a particular direction (not random motion). In a circuit the electrons cannot accumulate at any point. So to have a current one needs a closed circuit. When the switch is open there is no current and thus no light. The elctrons move randomly without any effective direction of motion.
70517
All of the mass of the respective particles is converted into energy (radiation) according to E=MC^2. Find the mass of the particle you are interested in like a proton. The antiparticle (antiproton) is the same mass. \nA proton weighs 1.672622089*10^-27 kg (M)\nAn antiproton weighs the same.\nThe speed of light in vacuum (C) is 2.9979*10^8 m/s\nThe answer (E) is in J or W. I´m sure you can take it from here. \nYou might want to consider the much smaller energy unit of electronvolt (eV) when working with energy levels for individual particles. 1 eV = 1.602*10^-19 J\n\nA neutron (and an antineutron) weighs 1.674928579*10^-27 kg\nAn electron (and positron) weighs 9.109390332*10^-31 kg\nKnock your self out!
498576
Depends a lot on the type of bulb but assuming an incandescent it would be virtually instantly. Remember from physics that the electron current  velocity does not have to be very high at all because what is actually happening is a displacement of electrons throughout the entire length of the wire. It only takes a few extra electrons per linear meter to produce a rapid displacement of electrons throughout the wire\n\nSorry DW electrons do not travel at C in a wire. That is a bad misconception propagated by incompetent high school physics teachers.
217752
The energy of the incoming photons is given by Planck's relationship:  energy = Planck's constant * frequency.\n\nYou are given the wavelength, not the frequency, so you need to know that for any wave, the wavespeed = frequency * wavelength, so frequency = wavespeed/wavelength.  For photons, wavespeed = c.\n\nh = 6.626068 × 10^-34 34 m^2 kg / s (Planck's constant)\nc = 2.998 × 10^8 m / s (speed of light)\nwavelength = 48.2 x 10^-9 m (given in problem)\n\nPutting this together, the energy of each incoming photon is:\n\nE_photon = h*c/(48.2 x 10^-9 m) = 4.121 x 10^-18 J\n\nThe outgoing electron has kinetic energy = 1/2 * m * v^2.  You are given both m and v:\n\nE_electron = 1/2 * 9.109 x 10^-31 kg * (2.371 x 10^6 m/s)^2 \nE_electron = 2.56 x 10^-18 J\n\nThe ionization energy is the difference in energy between the incoming photon and the kinetic energy of the outgoing electron.  Because the question asks for the energy in joules per mole, we must multiply the energy difference for a single photon/electron pair by Avagadro's number:\n\nE_ionization = (E_photon - E_electron)* N_A\n\nE_ionization = (4.121 x 10^-18 J -2.56 x 10^-18 J)*6.022 x 10^23 mol^-1\n\nE_ionization = 9.4 x 10^5 J/mol = 940 kJ/mol
53259
Light is both a wave and a particle at the same time.\n\nLight is a form of energy, and depending on how you observe it, it exibits both properties of an electromagnetic wave or a particle (photon).\n\nElectromagnetic waves do not require a medium in which to propigate, they are a self propigating electric and magnetic field, allowing it to travel through a vacuum.\nEvidence of this can been seen in diffraction patterns, such as when you look at the rainbow effect on a CD.\n\nPhotons are a "quantized" amount of light.  These light partciles are absorbed or given off by atoms in something called the "photoelectric effect" (which Einstien received a nobel prize for).\nEvidence for this can be seen in things like LEDs or when you study the structure of the atom.