I am looking for a definition of Anti-DNA antibodies
202408
A simple definition would be antibodies raised against a piece of DNA.\n\nSome viruses are jsut naked nucleotide sequences, and during an infection anti-DNA antibodies will be formed. Having said that, most human viruses are not naked.
11286
check out http://www.immunesupport.com/library/showarticle.cfm/ID/3308  \n\nIt has 3 pages on what to take
201166
ok,I try to make it clear,\nimagine an antigen is invading the body,it is going to be diagnosed and captured by innate immune system like Mq,Neu...they represent the antigen to TCR on Tcell,so Tcell become activated and produce cytokines,some of them are going to activate Bcell and makes Bcell to produce Antibodies,antibodies will join antigens and some protein in blood may join them and they all destroy the antigen.\n\nBone marrow is the most important source of Bcell in lifetime.the most important responsibility of Bcell is to produce Antibodies.Antibodies are the most important part of the immune system for the extracellular pathogenes like toxins.B acts as an APC specially in the secondary response.Bcell secretes IL1,6,12 and INF alpha and beta.B has a memory so it plays an important role in the secondary response to antigen.B has some markers such as CD1,5,9.10,14,19,20,21,23,25,32,35,38,40,45,55,59,80,86,126,85,81.\n\nthere are two kinds of B,\n1)B1cell : mostly in newly borns,bigger than the other one,mostly produce IgM and respoce to Ti Ag.it doesn't have memory.it's only 5% of all the Bcells.\n2)B2cell:in older people,95% of all Bs,response to TD antigens and have memory..\n\nsome clues about Abs:there are five class of them,\nIgA(1,2),IgD (it's Ag receptor on Bcell),IgE(role in Allergies),IgG(more than others ,in 4 froms,activate the complemets,role in ADCC,feed back inhibition of Bcells),IgM(antigene receptor on Bcell,activates complemetns)\n\nthat's it,hope it helps;)
185600
Been a while since immunology, I'll try my best. There are two types of region on an antibody, a constant region and a variable region. The genes coding for the constant region or invariant but the genes coding for this variable region undergo a process known as somatic hypermutation. It is difficult to explain succinctly so know that the genes for the variable segment are arranged into what we call V, D, and J segment. There are multiple V, J, and D segments in the gene for the variable region and their different arrangements into a coding unit account for the majority of antibody diversity.
36629
The "I" stands for the isoagglutinogen gene.  Everybody has two copies of this gene, but know that this gene can come in different "flavors", what scientists call "alleles".  These flavors are Ia, Ib and Io.  The "I" indicates a single gene, and the a,b and o indicate the different versions, or "alleles", of this gene.  The "o" is termed recessive, because it "invisible" to the immune system, while "a" and "b" are dominant, meaning the immune system can identify and react with them.
16069
A modification of immunoelectrophoresis in which antigen and antibody move in opposite directions and form precipitates in the area between the cells where they meet in concentrations of optimal proportions.\n\nHelped?;)
654049
well that could mean that the ebv virus is dormant in your system,meaning you already had it. The mono count will always be high. As far as the antibodies more tests can be done to determine if there is a problemwith the antibodies.
81330
Actually the cause of myasthenia gravis of course like most autoimmune diseases is unknown. There may be a slight chance for surrounding the very cause to be genetic. And most cases are usually best defined with the Thymoma. But you said the patient has CML... The sternum is well known to be part of the hematopoietic function and I am thinking what is the thymus is some how affected or inflicted with a gene from the CML site. Then there is a well connected possibility with the cause of the MG. Imatinib may also be a cause of autoantibodies but for it to be greatly specific is a very rare possibility
654285
Do check out all the websites listed and keep looking, as it's not very common so it's hard to find information on it.\n\nDespite what you might read, it is it's own autoimmune disease, and it should not be confused for UCTD (Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease).  MCTD is diagnosed when there is a positive and high value for one specific blood test - the anti-RNP.  This should also be accompanied by a high positive ANA result as well - generally speckled pattern.  While some people with lupus have a positive anti-RNP, it is a diagnosing criteria for MCTD.\n\nMCTD can have symptoms of 3 other autoimmune diseases making it a good impersonator of the others and difficult to diagnose - Lupus, Scleroderma, and Polymiositis.  It is HIGHLY common (estimates I've read say about 95%) for MCTD diagnosed patients to develop Raynaud's Syndrome.  I developed it about 6 mo. after my initial diagnosis.  Also arthralgia or arthritis are very common, as with Lupus.\n\nAlso common with MCTD is esophogial issues (related to polymiositis) as well as pleuresy related to the lungs and fluid build up around the heart as well.\n\nIn general the life expectancy and overall symptoms of MCTD are similar to Lupus, but tend to be slightly better outcomes overall.\n\nFeel free to contact me if you have any more questions, as I have had to find all of this out on my own and have been educating my family and friends about this, Lupus, and other autoimmune disorders.  It was good because about a year ago, my aunt was diagnosed with RA and I was able to help out some in explaining a few things and being supportive.\n\nIf you or someone you know has been diagnosed with this, or the doctors believe you/they might have this, it's important to know that it's not worth being scared over.  It's manageable and treatable with medications and general observance.  Also I have found out that just knowing is far better than wondering.  While I still have some symptoms daily, my medications have made them unnoticeable to most people and I'm able to continue to do most of the things I've been doing.  And sometimes I honestly don't notice anything or much at all - you just get used to some of the little things and realize it's life as normal.  :)
271595
hi,\n\nhere's a link with a definition.\n\nhttp://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/ghr/glossary/lipopolysaccharides
332103
oh my god - some of these answers are scary.\n\nthe question is very excellent though and very correct. the anti-A and anti-B CAN destroy the patients red cells if transfused to a group A or group B or group AB individual.\n\nhowever:\n\nthe antibodies are in the plasma and modern practices in blood processing split the components into their various parts - plasma and platelets and red cells. the red cells has very little plasma on them so very little anti-A or anti-B is transfused\n\ndonations with plasma on them are tested to see if the levels of anti A or anti B might be considered harmful and those donations with high titre (levels) of anti-A or anti-B are marked as not for transfusion to group A or B or AB patients.\n\nthe term universal donor is a very misleading one, in general it is true and group O can give to any other group, but precautions are necessary and are taken by transfusion services
56304
http://universe-review.ca/I11-21-rRNA1.jpg\nhttp://dna01.bse.kyutech.ac.jp/jouhou/image/dna-protein/all/small_N1qa6.gif\nhttp://dna01.bse.kyutech.ac.jp/jouhou/image/dna-protein/all/small_N1i6u.png
56534
Antibodies are highly specific for one particular antigen, which is why the immune system (in theory) works so well. \n\nAn antibody kind of looks like a "Y". The base of the Y (the straight part) is a CONSTANT region, meaning that it is the same for every type of antibody, no matter what antigen the antibody recognizes. The constant region contains amino acid sequences necessary for the antibody to bind to other cells of the immune system, but not the antigen.\n\nThe top part of the "Y" is known as the VARIABLE region, and contains specific amino acid sequences that recognize a specific antigen. When the B cell that produces antibodies (plasma cell) is maturing in the lymph node's medullary cords, it undergoes what is called VDJ rearrangement, which means that the V, D, and J regions of the antibody protein are assembled in such a way as to make a unique antibody. There are several areas each of the V, D, and J gene, but only one is selected for each type.\n\nTherefore, a large amount of antibodies can be made that all have unique variable regions thanks to VDJ rearrangement. This means that one antibody can have one particular VDJ sequence, while another antibody has a different VDJ sequence. Therefore, these two antibodies can specifically recognize different antigens.
466323
OKay....try to make things as simple as I can for you, with all the words you provided.\n\nDouble stranded DNA is transcribed into single stranded mRNA which codes for amino acids by a process called transcription. The mRNA is then translated into polypeptide of amino acid chains. The polypeptide folds into proteins which ultimately determines the phenotype.\n\nHope it helped!
44049
it is an immunoglobulins test to measure the amount of antibodies in your blood.
48406
Phenotypes (i.e. antigens present): A or AB (postive or negative for both)\n\nAntigens: A for sure, and possibly B\n\nGenotypes: AA, AO, or AB (still don't know positive or negative)
610816
there is a condition that can cause increase wbc with out outward signs of infection. they are a form of autoimmune disorder. it is Hypersensitivity reactions. it is classified in 3 categories 1,2,3 depending on what condition is causing the increase in WBC's. what is happening in this condition is the body's immune system is over reaction to a real physical condition. the condition could be from something as simple as a miner allergic that you can not detect, arthritic condition or something more sever in vary rare cases antigens can attach them self's to body organs and even RBC causing the body to form antibody's to the cell the antibody's stimulate WBC production. the WBC would Destroy the RBC causing anemia. the anemia could cause lite headiness and fatigue along with other symptoms that can be mild and misdiagnosed like depression. The test to detect this antigen is the direct anti globulin (Coombs) and the anti-non-v-globulin tests. this is Rare and is unlikely it is more likely you have an infection that you have not picked up on the symptoms yet. as long as you have the symptoms keep working with you doctor but also do home work and make suggestion about things. docs know a lot of things but do not know everything.