Between 1961 & 1983, this nation sent numerous Venera probes to Venus to study its atmosphere & chemical makeup
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Missions to Venus and Mercury | The Planetary Society  As one of the first planets to be visited by spacecraft, Venus witnessed many ... at Venus in April 2006 and continued to send scientific data back from its polar ... Successful Venus probe and Comet Halley flyby (USSR) ... Launch: June 7, 1983 ... Venera 12 was designed to study the atmospheric composition and clouds of...
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Observations and explorations of Venus - Wikipedia  Observations of the planet Venus include those in antiquity, telescopic observations, and from visiting spacecraft. Spacecraft have performed various flybys, orbits, and landings on Venus, including balloon probes that floated in the atmosphere of Venus. Study of the planet is aided by its relatively close proximity to the Earth, .... Because its orbit takes it between the Earth and the Sun, Venus as seen from...
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Venus-Earth-Mars: Comparative Climatology and the Search for Life ...  Sep 19, 2012 ... He argued concerning Venus, a twin of Earth, in the 1920s that its high .... After carrying out ground-based efforts in 1961 to view the planet using radar, ... In 1967 the Soviets sent Venera 4, which successfully deployed a probe into the .... Mars in August 1969, studying its atmosphere and surface to lay the...
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Historic Spacecraft - Venus Probes  Other Nations Rockets ... America sent two spacecraft to the planet in 1978. ... The Mariner program consisted of ten exploration probes launched between 1962 and ... Venera was a series of Venus probes launched by the Soviet Union between 1961 and 1983. Many of the earlier missions failed to achieve their objectives.
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Venera - Wikipedia  The Venera series space probes were developed by the Soviet Union between 1961 and 1984 to gather data from Venus, Venera being the Russian name ... The later probes in the Venera series successfully carried out their mission, providing ... surface, the Soviets launched Venera 5 and Venera 6 as atmospheric probes.
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J! Archive - Show #2777, aired 1996-10-01  In a 1908 book Percival Lowell proposed that its surface markings were irrigation ... a probe from the Galileo spacecraft plunged into this planet's atmosphere...
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Venus - Wikipedia  Venus is the second planet from the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days. It has the longest ..... The first ultraviolet observations were carried out in the 1920s, when Frank E. Ross found that ultraviolet photographs revealed considerable detail...
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Magellan (spacecraft) - Wikipedia  The Magellan spacecraft, also referred to as the Venus Radar Mapper, was a 1,035-kilogram (2,282 lb) robotic space probe launched by NASA on May 4, 1989, to map the surface ..... On August 7, 1990, Magellan encountered Venus and began the orbital insertion maneuver which placed the spacecraft into a three-hour,...
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Venus' Atmosphere: Composition, Climate and Weather - Space.com  Nov 16, 2012 ... The atmosphere of Venus is made up almost completely of carbon dioxide. ... Both oxygen and hydrogen rise above the heavier gas layer ... As such, the planet not only doesn't experience significant temperature changes over the course ... Giant Mountains On Venus May Cause Its Weird Weather Patterns...
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ASP: The Magellan Spacecraft at Venus  Spacecraft exploration of Venus's surface; Magellan  a "recycled'' ... land masses visible on Venus, as well as some large mountains, possibly volcanic. ... These tantalizing early observations of Venus told us that the planet had ... surface elevations and details such as craters, canyons, cliffs, lava flows, and volcanoes.
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Atmosphere of Venus - Wikipedia  The atmosphere of Venus is the layer of gases surrounding Venus. It is composed primarily of carbon dioxide and is much denser and hotter than that of Earth. The temperature at the surface is 740 K (467 C, 872 F), and the pressure is ... Its ionosphere separates the atmosphere from outer space and the solar wind.
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Our Solar System at a Glance - JPL - NASA  But the years since 1959 have amounted to a golden age of solar system exploration. ... Two drum-shaped Pioneer spacecraft visited Venus in 1978. ... Voyagers 1 and 2 and other spacecraft have all sampled the solar environment. ..... biology experiments, we know more about Mars than any other planet except Earth.
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Missions to Venus and Mercury | The Planetary Society  As one of the first planets to be visited by spacecraft, Venus witnessed many failed ... planetary exploration mission since the Nozomi probe, which was launched in 1998 ... The mission was named after Giusepppe Colombo, a scientist, engineer, and ... MESSENGER (an acronym of MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment,...
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Venera 13: First Color Pictures From Venus - Space.com  Nov 19, 2012 ... Venera 13, a Soviet spacecraft, was the first lander to transmit color images ... mission together in space in July 1975 called the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. ... The Soviets had their first successful Venus mission in 1967  with ... Five years later, Venera 9 was the first to send back a picture from the surface.
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Van Allen Probes Discover a Surprise Circling Earth | NASA  Since their discovery over 50 years ago, the Earth's Van Allen radiation belts have ... After most NASA science spacecraft launches, researchers wait patiently for ... known as the Van Allen Belts, surrounding Earth were discovered in 1958.
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Venus, Unmasked: 25 Years Since the Arrival of Magellan at Earth's ...  Aug 10, 2015 ... On 28 April 1989, their first launch attempt was scrubbed when a hydrogen .... In its 50 months of operations at Venus, Magellan revealed more about Earth's evil twin planet than had previously been attained in human history. ... A total of 98 percent of the surface was mapped at resolutions of better than...
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9-2 - Kailua High School  CHAPTER 9 The Unmanned Missions of Space Probes ... Workers here .... a wavelength fingerprint of the object being observed, which tells scientists about ... The Hubble Space Telescope has made countless contributions to the study of ..... The Soviet missions Vega 1 and Vega 2, launched in 1984, are two of the most.
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JAXA | The World's First Planetary Meteorological Satellite ...  AKATSUKI is the world's first planetary probe that deserves to be called a ... than the planet's rotation, which is very slow (one Venusian day takes 243 Earth days). ... Another objective is to study the formation of the thick sulfuric acid clouds that ... the surface of Venus, which is normally completely obscured by these clouds.
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Venus' Atmosphere: Composition, Climate and Weather - Space.com  Nov 16, 2012 ... The atmosphere of Venus is thick with clouds of carbon dioxide. ... Venus has the distinction of being the hottest planet in the solar system, and the ... The air of Venus is so dense that the small traces of nitrogen are four times the ... Both oxygen and hydrogen rise above the heavier gas layer covering the...
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The Unveiling of Venus - NASA History Homepage  [1] Of all the planets in the solar system, Venus is the most like our own Earth in ... NASA plans to launch a new radar imaging spacecraft, Magellan (named for the ... For the first time, planetary scientists had a global map of Venus. .... In late April 1989, Magellan will be carried into low Earth orbit by the space shuttle Atlantis.
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Atmosphere of Venus - Wikipedia  The atmosphere of Venus is the layer of gases surrounding Venus. It is composed primarily of carbon dioxide and is much denser and hotter than that of Earth.