Carbon in this form has every atom linked tetrahedrally to 4 others, making it really hard
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Have scientists really found something tougher than nature's ...  Jan 19, 2016 ... Ask most people what the hardest material on Earth is and they will ... The outermost shell of each carbon atom has four electrons. In diamond, these electrons are shared with four other carbon atoms to form very ... The Vickers hardness test uses a square-based pyramid diamond tip to make the indent.
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Diamond Nanothreads Make Space Elevator - Business Insider  Oct 13, 2014 ... Scientists Might Have Accidentally Solved The Hardest Part Of Building Space Elevators ... that each was linked with four others, in what's called a tetrahedral structure. ... identical to diamond, with each carbon atom linked with four others. ... liquid benzene forms chains of four linked carbon atoms, in what's...
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3.3 Carbon - Chemistry, life, the universe and everything  That is: it is very hard to make diamonds do anything at all except sit there and sparkle ... Since diamond is so stable (chemically inert), it must have very strong bonds that ... In the case of carbon, each atom can form four bonding molecular orbitals that ... (tetrahedral) in diamond, with each carbon bonded to four others, and...
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Bonding - Chemistry Encyclopedia - structure, water, elements ...  A solid that is extremely hard, that has a very high melting point, and that will not ... The atoms within the molecules are linked together by strong covalent bonds. ... The attractive forces within the crystalline ionic structure are of the form M (q +  q  )/(r ... For example, in diamond each carbon atom shares electrons with four...
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Plastic Goes in the Oven and Diamond Comes Out - NYTimes.com  Jun 4, 1993 ... Diamond is also the hardest of all substances, a property that makes it ... "Our diamond is not as good as the synthetic diamond films others have learned to make during ... linked tetrahedrally -- that is, each atom was linked to three similar ... they form are polyacetylenes -- compounds in which carbon atoms...
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BBC - GCSE Bitesize: Sharing electrons  Hydrogen and chlorine can each form one covalent bond, oxygen two bonds, nitrogen three, while carbon can form four bonds ... A covalent bond forms when two non-metal atoms share a pair of electrons. The electrons involved are ... atoms. There is a quick way to work out how many covalent bonds an element will form.
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Chapter 3 Carbohydrates and Lipids - Biology @ IUPUI  Jan 28, 2004 ... Cells are made of molecules based on based on 4 main chemical elements: carbon, nitrogen ... and the many compounds that can be made from combining these elements. ... For each of these 4 macromolecules, I would like you to know: ... A. Monosaccharides (simple sugars; monomers) = energy for cells.
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Chemistry for Biologists: Some basic chemistry  We will then look at how these come together to make elements and ... They consist of three sub-atomic particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. ... iron, copper, sodium magnesium) or non-metals (e.g. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen). ... of each type of atom there are in each molecule of the compound - see below.
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Dalton's Atomic Theory - Chemistry - Tutorvista.com  Chemical combination of two or more different atoms of different elements are ... of atoms and each atom has its own characteristic weight, so the compounds ... one atom of oxygen and in carbon dioxide one atom of carbon combined with two ... Atoms of the same or different types have a strong ability to combine together to...
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Minerals, Gems Information, Facts, News, Photos -- National ...  Minerals are typically formed when molten rock, or magma, cools, or by ... Silicatesincluding quartz, mica, olivine, and precious minerals such as ... Diamonds, made of carbon atoms, are the hardest natural substance found on Earth. ... Rubies are formed of a mineral called corundum, comprised of aluminum oxide.
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The Unique Properties of Diamonds - Dendritics  The diamond is the best known and the most heavily marketed gemstone. ... and the fullerenes, a diamond is an allotrope of carbon and, no matter what its size, each ... of the stone yielding, the hammer flies into pieces and even the anvil splits in half. ... A diamond does not conduct electricity well (it is a semiconductor), but...
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Period 2 element - Wikipedia  The period 2 elements are the chemical elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic ..... Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium and oxygen and is the second ... Oxygen forms roughly 21% of the Earth's atmosphere; all of this oxygen is the result of photosynthesis.
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Carbon - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table  Element Carbon (C), Group 14, Atomic Number 6, p-block, Mass 12.011. Sources ... Origin of the name, The name is derived from the Latin 'carbo', charcoal.
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Elements | CHEM 101  All matter can be broken down into about 100 different elements. ... listed in the table above account for only 0.49 mass percent of the Earth's crust, oceans, ... If we say the element carbon, we would mean one atom of carbon. ... The element symbol can also be derived from its original Latin or Greek name: ... Tin stannum Sn...
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Chemistry for Biologists: Some basic chemistry  Elements are the simplest substances known. ... of the carbon atoms have 6 protons, 6 electrons and 7 neutrons; a small trace have 6 protons, 6 electrons and 8 neutrons - carbon-14 ... The most abundant elements in living organisms are:...
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chemistry_11_v3 - Scribd  The answer lies in the structure of the atoms of these elements. ... Figure 2.1 This illustration shows an atom as John Dalton (17661844) imagined ...... A colleague has just carried out a series of tests on the following compounds: ethanol carbon ..... A molecule contains one hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom, which is...
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why does carbon turn into diamonds under pressure? - Diamond Zone  Jun 17, 2014 ... Lots of these sheets on top of each other make graphite, which is in your pencils. ... All of these things are just made of one element, carbon! ... Apply enough energy to something (like by applying pressure) and you can get it ... carbon turns into diamond at high pressure because the most stable structure on...
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what are 6 elements that make up most molecules in living things ...  Sep 3, 2008 ... Because Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen are the basic make-up of organic ... SPONCH Sulfur Phosphorus Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon Hydrogen ... The element carbon is familiar to almost everyone in the form of charcoal, ... the plant diagram, but is makes up about 2% of the weight of a mammal, such as a...
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6. Carbonium (Carbon) - Elementymology & Elements Multidict  The name diamond derives from a corruption of the Greek word "adamas" (the ... the element carbone to distinguish it from "charbon" (French) for charcoal.
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Stronger than Kevlar, light as a tee-shirt, and cheap all over | news ...  Jan 28, 2013 ... Since then, improvements to strong textile fibers have been incremental. ... Traditionally, carbon fibers are made by carbonizing a polymer ... converted into a homogenous carbon structure, causing the material to become a stiff solid. Some research groups are designing new fibers that are made with 100...
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Atomic number, atomic mass, and isotopes | Elements and atoms ...  Forms of the same atom that differ only in their number of neutrons are called isotopes. ... By definition, an atom of carbon with six neutrons, carbon-12, has an atomic ... are different forms of an element that have the same number of protons but ... The ratio of the original isotope to its decay product and to stable isotopes...