which are the major end product of digestion of proteins carbohydrates and fats?
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Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are digested in the intestine, where they are broken down into their basic units: Carbohydrates into sugars. Proteins into amino acids. Fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
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The body uses three main nutrients to function— carbohydrate, protein, and fat. These nutrients are digested into simpler compounds. Carbohydrates are used for energy (glucose). Fats are used for energy after they are broken into fatty acids.
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Carbohydrates, fats and proteins are referred to as the three energy-yielding nutrients because they provide your body with energy that is measured in calories.
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Digestion is the process by which food is broken down to be absorbed into the blood stream and distributed around the body. The process is started by saliva in the mouth breaking down carbohydrates. In the stomach, enzymes and acid in digestive juices break down proteins, sugars and fats.
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As you have learned, there are three energy-yielding macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. This chapter goes more in depth about these major dietary components.
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Carbohydrate Absorption All normally digested dietary carbohydrates are absorbed; indigestible fibers are eliminated in the feces. The monosaccharides glucose and galactose are transported into the epithelial cells by common protein carriers via secondary active transport (that is, co-transport with sodium ions).
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Carbohydrates are foods that get converted into glucose, or sugar, in our bodies during digestion. Glucose is a main source of fuel for our body. It is especially important for the brain, which cannot easily use other fuel sources (such as fat or protein) for energy.
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['fats. digested to fatty acids/glycerol.', 'carbohydrates. digested to monosaccharides (starches and disaccharides)', 'proteins. digested to amino acids.', 'other end products. vitamins, minerals, water.']
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Protein requires more energy to digest, metabolize, and use compared to carbs and fat. This creates a thermic effect in your body. Translation: you burn calories just by digesting protein. This process can actually burn up to 30 percent of the calories you take in.
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The end products of protein digestion in the stomach are proteoses, peptones and large polypeptides. Digestion of proteins is completed in the small intestine by proteolytic enzymes present in pancreatic and intestinal juices.
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While amylase and protease do a great job of breaking down carbohydrates and proteins, the body needs another enzyme for the breakdown of fats, oils, and triglycerides. This is where lipase functions. Lipase is necessary for the full digestion of fats to their smaller fatty acid components.
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Protein digestion and metabolism burns more calories. Both dietary carbohydrate and protein provide the same amount of available energy, 4 kilocalories per gram, but it takes about 25% more of that energy to process protein.
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In the stomach fat is separated from other food substances. In the small intestines bile emulsifies fats while enzymes digest them. The intestinal cells absorb the fats. Long-chain fatty acids form a large lipoprotein structure called a chylomicron that transports fats through the lymph system.
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The main components of foods are carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins and minerals. These are called nutrients. Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are also called energy giving food. It is the main sources of energy.
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The end product of carbohydrate digestion in monogastric animals is mainly glucose.
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Protein digestion occurs in the stomach and the duodenum through the action of three main enzymes: pepsin, secreted by the stomach, and trypsin and chymotrypsin, secreted by the pancreas. During carbohydrate digestion the bonds between glucose molecules are broken by salivary and pancreatic amylase.
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['carbohydrates (sugars and starches)', 'proteins.', 'lipids (fats)']