what are lower vascular plants?
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Lower vascular plant, formerly pteridophyte, also called vascular cryptogam, any of the spore-bearing vascular plants, including the ferns, club mosses, spike mosses, quillworts, horsetails, and whisk ferns.
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Plants that lack vascular tissue, which is formed of specialized cells for the transport of water and nutrients, are referred to as non-vascular plants or bryophytes. Non-vascular embryophytes probably appeared early in land plant evolution and are all seedless. These plants include liverworts, mosses, and hornworts.
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Nonvascular plants are called bryophytes. Nonvascular plants include liverworts, hornworts, and mosses. They lack roots, stems, and leaves. Nonvascular plants are low-growing, reproduce with spores, and need a moist habitat.
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Meristems contribute to both primary (taller/longer) and secondary (wider) growth. Primary growth is controlled by root apical meristems or shoot apical meristems, while secondary growth is controlled by the two lateral meristems, called the vascular cambium and the cork cambium.
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The lack of features, such as a multi-layered epidermis or bark, means that non-vascular plants don't grow very tall and typically remain low to the ground. As such, they don't need a vascular system to transport water and nutrients. ... Genuine leaves, stems, and roots are all missing in non-vascular plants.
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Nonvascular plants are plants that do not have any special internal pipelines or channels to carry water and nutrients. Instead, nonvascular plants absorb water and minerals directly through their leaflike scales. Nonvascular plants are usually found growing close to the ground in damp, moist places.
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Cactus is an example of a vascular plant. They have xylem and phloem that transports food, water, and minerals from roots to leaves. Common examples of vascular plants are trees, grasses, and shrubs.
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Vascular systems are made up of xylem and phloem, or vascular tissue, which we'll get into soon. ... 'Higher' plants, the gymnosperms and angiosperms, do have vascular tissue. Gymnosperms are non-flowering plants like ferns, fir trees, and conifers, and angiosperms are flowering plants.
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Within vascular plants is the phloem, the vessel that transports food, and the xylem, which transports water. ... They do not have a phloem or xylem. Nonvascular plants are very small because their lack of a vascular system means they do not have the mechanics required for transporting food and water far distances.
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Roots are important organs in all vascular plants. Most vascular plants have two types of roots: primary roots that grow downward and secondary roots that branch out to the side. Together, all the roots of a plant make up a root system.
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['Ferns are seedless vascular plants of humid tropics and temperate areas. ... ', 'They constitute the largest living group of primitive vascular plants with over 10,000 species. ... ', 'Plant body is a sporophyte. ... ', 'The stem is underground rhizome in most of the ferns. ... ', 'Roots are adventitious.', 'Leaves are large and are called fronds.']
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Xylem can be found: in vascular bundles, present in non-woody plants and non-woody parts of woody plants. in secondary xylem, laid down by a meristem called the vascular cambium in woody plants. as part of a stelar arrangement not divided into bundles, as in many ferns.
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Grass is a vascular plant, and so are flowers, so you could give examples like daffodils or roses or tulips or other common garden plants. (Non-vascular plants include mosses, hornworts, liverworts, and some algal species, so anything that doesn't belong to any of those groups is a vascular plant.)
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Xylem and phloem are the two types of vascular tissues, present in plants and together constitute vascular bundles. Their function is to efficiently transport the materials which can be food, water, nutrients, organic materials, etc. between the stems, roots, and leaves of plants.
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tracheophytes. …and phloem are collectively called vascular tissue and form a central column (stele) through the plant axis. The ferns, gymnosperms, and flowering plants are all vascular plants. Because they possess vascular tissues, these plants have true stems, leaves, and roots.
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Summary. A vascular plant consists of two organ systems: the shoot system and the root system. The shoot system includes the aboveground vegetative portions (stems and leaves) and reproductive parts (flowers and fruits). The root system supports the plant and is usually underground.
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['Ferns have fronds.', 'Conifer leaves are typically needle- or awl-shaped or scale-like.', 'Angiosperm (flowering plant) leaves: the standard form includes stipules, a petiole, and a lamina.', 'Lycophytes have microphyll leaves.', 'Sheath leaves (type found in most grasses and many other monocots)']