what are the requirements for an effective vaccine?
484030
The major requirements of the vaccine. This includes primarlly safety and efficacy and a number of other desirable features if the vaccine is to control a disease of global importance. These include cost, easy administration (e.g. orally), thermal stability, multivalency and long-lived immunlty 2.
1134657
['MMR (measles, mumps and rubella)', 'Polio.', 'DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis)', 'Chickenpox.']
475026
['Hepatitis B (HBV)', 'Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis (DTaP, or DT if appropriate)', 'Poliomyelitis (IPV or OPV) - final dose on or after the 4th birthday.', 'Measles, Mumps, Rubella - 2 doses of each, usually given together as MMR.', 'Varicella - 2 doses or credible history of disease.']
37555
['Adult diphtheria and tetanus vaccine. ... ', 'Hepatitis A vaccine. ... ', 'Hepatitis B vaccine. ... ', 'Oral polio vaccine (OPV) ... ', 'Typhoid vaccine. ... ', 'Varicella vaccine. ... ', 'Japanese encephalitis vaccine. ... ', 'Meningococcal vaccine.']
497105
['typhoid,', 'hepatitis A,', 'meningitis C, and.', 'tetanus, diphtheria and polio (which are combined in one vaccine).']
302077
A vaccine works by training the immune system to recognize and combat pathogens, either viruses or bacteria. To do this, certain molecules from the pathogen must be introduced into the body to trigger an immune response. These molecules are called antigens, and they are present on all viruses and bacteria.
67590
['DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis) vaccine.', 'Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b) vaccine.', 'IPV (polio vaccine)', 'PCV (pneumococcal) vaccines.', 'RV (rotavirus vaccine)', 'possibly HBV (hepatitis B vaccine), if not previously given.']
689046
['4 or more doses Tetanus/Diptheria/Pertussis – most recent must be dated after 4 years of age.', '4 or more doses Polio – most recent must be dated after 4 years of age.', '2 doses MMR.', '4 doses Hib titer (not required after fifth birthday)']
1445722
One dose of MMR vaccine is 93% effective against measles, 78% effective against mumps, and 97% effective against rubella. Two doses of MMR vaccine are 97% effective against measles and 88% effective against mumps. MMR is an attenuated (weakened) live virus vaccine.
27434
['Routine vaccinations such as measles, mumps, rubella, polio, tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough.', 'Hepatitis A.', 'Typhoid.']
29548
['Tdap.', 'Shingles vaccine.', 'MMR.', 'Flu vaccine.', 'Pneumonia vaccine.', 'Takeaway.']
164259
['DTP/DT/DtaP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) — four doses.', 'Polio — three doses.', 'Hepatitis B — three doses.', 'Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b) — age-appropriate dose (1-3 doses)', 'MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) — one dose on or after first birthday.']
318288
['diphtheria (D)', 'tetanus (T)', 'pertussis (whooping cough, P)', 'polio (inactivated polio vaccine, IPV)']
873137
Courses or boosters usually advised: Diphtheria; Hepatitis A; Poliomyelitis; Tetanus. Other vaccines to consider: Hepatitis B; Meningococcal Meningitis; Rabies; Typhoid; Yellow Fever.
1144846
['Hib/MenC vaccine given as a single jab containing vaccines against meningitis C (1st dose) and Hib (4th dose)', 'MMR vaccine (measles, mumps and rubella), given as a single jab.', 'PCV (pneumococcal) – 2nd dose.', 'MenB vaccine – 3rd dose.']
710965
['Travel Vaccines & Medicines. Hepatitis A. Hepatitis B. Polio. Rabies. Tetanus. Typhoid. Yellow Fever. Tick-Borne Encephalitis.', 'View all vaccinations.']
1398806
['DTaP = diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine.', 'Hib = Haemophilus influenzae, type B vaccine.', 'Hep B = hepatitis B vaccine.', 'MMR = measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine.', 'Varicella = chickenpox vaccine.']