is ospf unicast or multicast?
483167
Update destination address: OSPF uses multicast and unicast, rather than broadcast, for sending messages. The IPv4 multicast addresses used for OSPF are 224.0. 0.5 to send information to all OSPF routers and 224.0.
525348
EIGRP is based on DUAL (Diffusive Update Algorithm) while OSPF uses SPF (Shortest Path First) algorithm. The major difference between these two algorithms lies in how they calculate the shortest routing path.
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OSPF detects changes in the topology, such as link failures, and converges on a new loop-free routing structure within seconds. OSPF has become a popular dynamic routing protocol. Other commonly used dynamic routing protocols are the RIPv2 and the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).
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Use two network adapters if you choose unicast mode and use one node to manage others. Multicast Mode Multicast mode is a suitable solution when each node in the cluster has a single network adapter. The cluster MAC address is a multicast address. The cluster IP address resolves to the multicast MAC address.
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Broadcast messages are sent to all stations in the network. Whereas an unicast message is only sent to one station on the network. Multicast messages are sent to a group of stations, for example video cameras type. ... 255.255 are MULTICAST IP addresses.
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BGP is considered to be more flexible as well as scalable than OSPF and it would be also used on a larger network. OSPF would be used to determine the fastest route whereas the BGP would be putting emphasis on determining the best path. Well, Because OSPF stub areas which would be a total mess to configure.
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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the main protocol used on the Internet, is a reliable unicast protocol. UDP is an unreliable protocol and is often used in computer games, streaming media or in other situations where speed is an issue and some data loss may be tolerated because of the transitory nature of the data.
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The IETF working group for OSPF was, in fact, started in 1988, while the original version of BGP, called EGP, was originally specified by Eric Rosen in 1982, some 6 years earlier. The short answer might be, then, that OSPF was not considered because OSPF had not been invented yet.
951104
If equal-cost paths exist to the same destination, the Cisco implementation of OSPF can keep track of up to 16 next hops to the same destination in the routing table (which is called load balancing). By default, the Cisco router supports up to four equal-cost paths to a destination for OSPF.
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In Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) Version 2.1 and later Versions, multihop Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) support was introduced. This support allows uplink consolidation from two separate links to a single uplink that carries both Fibre Channel (FC) and Ethernet.
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While plain Observables are unicast (each subscribed Observer owns an independent execution of the Observable), Subjects are multicast. A Subject is like an Observable, but can multicast to many Observers. Subjects are like EventEmitters: they maintain a registry of many listeners.
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OSPF creates a type 5 LSA for a subnet that is injected into OSPF from an external source. To inject the route, the autonomous System Border Router (ASBR), which is by definition a router that connects to a non-OSPF routing domain, uses the redistribute command.
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Because inter-area OSPF is distance vector, it is vulnerable to routing loops. It avoids loops by mandating a loop-free inter-area topology, in which traffic from one area can only reach another area through area 0.
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MSDP uses TCP as its transport protocol. Each multicast tree needs to have its own RP. All of the RPs are peers (directly or through other MSDP peers).
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Because other areas don't have full information about each other all inter area traffic must pass through area 0. Otherwise there could be routing loops because not having the full topology. Due to this design OSPF does not have to run full SPF when links go up/down in other areas.
1107727
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) uses "Cost" as the value of metric and uses a Reference Bandwidth of 100 Mbps for cost calculation. The formula to calculate the cost is Reference Bandwidth divided by interface bandwidth. For example, in the case of 10 Mbps Ethernet , OSPF Metric Cost value is 100 Mbps / 10 Mbps = 10.
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['Multiprotocol Label Switching.', 'IP Cisco Express Forwarding.', 'Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) or Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)']