what happens if a baby is born with diabetes?
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Babies born to women with diabetes are often much bigger, a condition called "macrosomia." Because their mothers have high blood sugar levels, they get too much sugar through the placenta. The baby's pancreas senses it and makes more insulin to use it up. That extra sugar gets converted to fat, making a large baby.
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It might lead to the baby being born early and also could cause seizures or a stroke (a blood clot or a bleed in the brain that can lead to brain damage) in the woman during labor and delivery. Women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes have high blood pressure more often than women without diabetes.
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You will be advised to give birth early if you have diabetes. This is to reduce the risk of stillbirth. It is recommended by NICE that women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and no other complications should give birth between 37 weeks and 38 weeks +6 days – either by being induced or having a planned caesarean.
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Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Sometimes babies of mothers with gestational diabetes have low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) shortly after birth. Severe episodes of hypoglycemia may cause seizures in the baby.
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Causes may include infection, liver problems, hormone problems, and some medicines. Rarely, babies may actually have diabetes, and therefore have a low insulin level that results in high blood sugar.
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Most women who develop diabetes in pregnancy have healthy pregnancies and healthy babies but occasionally gestational diabetes can cause serious problems, especially if it goes unrecognised. It is associated with stillbirth and premature labour and needs careful monitoring to reduce these risks.
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Very rarely, babies are born with diabetes. This is called neonatal diabetes and is caused by a problem with the genes. Neonatal diabetes can disappear by the time the child is 12 months of age, but the diabetes usually returns later in life. In Australia, about 400 children under 5 have type 1 diabetes.
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Maternal diabetes – Elevated blood glucose levels can lead to an excessive buildup of amniotic fluid. This complication can happen in cases where the mother had diabetes before getting pregnant or becomes diabetic during pregnancy (gestational diabetes).
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Gestational diabetes arises in certain women who cannot overcome the insulin resistance that develops during pregnancy. In most cases, the condition goes away after the baby is delivered. However, women who have gestational diabetes have increased risks of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life.
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Stillbirth is more likely in pregnant women with diabetes. The baby may grow slowly in the uterus due to poor circulation or other conditions, such as high blood pressure or damaged small blood vessels. The exact reason stillbirths happen with diabetes is not known.
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Your blood sugar levels will usually return to normal after your baby is born. However, about 50% of women with gestational diabetes go on to develop type 2 diabetes. You can lower your risk by reaching a healthy body weight after delivery.
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If low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) continues, brain cells begin to die, which can cause seizures and permanent brain damage. After birth, its very important to monitor the baby's blood sugar, especially if their mother had diabetes, in order to prevent it from dipping too low (7).
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If you have type 1 or 2 diabetes, you need to be as healthy as possible before you conceive, and while you are pregnant. All pregnancies come with risks, but if you have type 1 or 2 diabetes, your level of risk is higher, for the baby and for you.
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['Excessive birth weight. ... ', 'Early (preterm) birth. ... ', 'Serious breathing difficulties. ... ', 'Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). ... ', 'Obesity and type 2 diabetes later in life. ... ', 'Stillbirth.']
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If you receive treatment and control gestational diabetes, your risk of problems is similar to the risks of other women. Your chances of having healthy twins are excellent. And, after you deliver, glucose levels often return to normal. However, both you and your babies will have a higher risk of getting diabetes later.
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The exact reason stillbirths happen with diabetes is not known. The risk of stillbirth goes up in women with poor blood glucose control and with blood vessel changes. Birth defects. Birth defects are more likely in babies of diabetic mothers.
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As dissimilar as they may seem, there is a connection. Research tells us that gestational diabetes (diabetes that occurs during pregnancy) can put a baby at risk of being born with cerebral palsy.