what are the four layers of the digestive tract wall?
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['Mucosa.', 'Submucosa.', 'Muscular layer.', 'Serous layer or serosa.']
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Anatomically, the colon can be divided into four parts – ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid. These sections form an arch, which encircles the small intestine.
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In the gastrointestinal tract, the submucosa is the layer of dense, irregular connective tissue or loose connective tissue that supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle (fibers that run circularly within a layer of longitudinal muscle).
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The large intestine consists of the colon, rectum, and anal canal. The wall of the large intestine has the same types of tissue that are found in other parts of the digestive tract but there are some distinguishing characteristics. The mucosa has a large number of goblet cells but does not have any villi.
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There are four steps in the digestion process: ingestion, the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, nutrient absorption, and elimination of indigestible food.
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['Mouth.', 'Pharynx & Esophagus.', 'Stomach.', 'Small and Large Intestine.']
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['Parietal peritoneum – an outer layer which adheres to the anterior and posterior abdominal walls.', "Visceral peritoneum – an inner layer which lines the abdominal organs. It's made when parietal peritoneum reflects from the abdominal wall to the viscera."]
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['Walls of blood vessels.', 'Walls of stomach.', 'Ureters.', 'Intestines.', 'In the aorta (tunica media layer)', 'Iris of the eye.', 'Prostate.', 'Gastrointestinal Tract.']
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The upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract is composed of the oral cavity and salivary glands, the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum). In all three species, the basic mural structure of the tract is maintained.
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['What organs make up the digestive system? Your digestive system is uniquely constructed to do its job of turning your food into the nutrients and energy you need to survive. ... ', 'Mouth. ... ', 'Esophagus. ... ', 'Stomach. ... ', 'Small intestine. ... ', 'Pancreas. ... ', 'Liver. ... ', 'Gallbladder.']
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The wall of the heart consists of three layers: the epicardium (external layer), the myocardium (middle layer) and the endocardium (inner layer). The epicardium is the thin, transparent outer layer of the wall and is composed of delicate connective tissue.
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['Epicardium (outer layer) consists of epithelium + connective tissue.', 'Myocardium (middle layer) cardiac muscle layer.', 'Endocardium (inner layer) consists of endothelium + connective tissue.']
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The mucosa consists of epithelium, an underlying loose connective tissue layer called lamina propria, and a thin layer of smooth muscle called the muscularis mucosa. In certain regions, the mucosa develops folds that increase the surface area. Certain cells in the mucosa secrete mucus, digestive enzymes, and hormones.
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Large intestine, posterior section of the intestine, consisting typically of four regions: the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. The term colon is sometimes used to refer to the entire large intestine.
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['Ingestion. Food entering into the digestive tract through the mouth.', 'Mechanical processing. Physical manipulation of solid foods. ... ', 'Digestion. Chemical breakdown of food, so it can be absorbed by the digestive epithelium.', 'Secretion. ... ', 'Absorption. ... ', 'Excretion.']
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Stomach. The stomach has four major regions: the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus.
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The mucosal layer also consists of a thin layer of muscle tissue. This is referred to as the muscularis mucosa. The main function of this portion of the mucosa is to aid in propelling nutrients in a uniform direction from the lumen to the submucosa.