what are the 4 major parts of a scientific paper?
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A recent AuthorAID blog post described the hourglass-like structure of journal articles having the IMRAD format (introduction, methods, results, and discussion). In a comment, a reader requested more information on the four IMRAD sections.
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['Thesis statement or research question.', 'Rational and literature review. Include a rationale for choosing your topic: why is it important, and what contribution to the field could you make? ... ', 'Theoretical approach. ... ', 'Chapter outline. ... ', 'A time schedule. ... ', 'Bibliography.']
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['Academic Writing Style.', 'Choosing a Title.', 'Making an Outline.', 'Paragraph Development.']
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['Analytical Research Paper. ... ', 'Argumentative (Persuasive) Research Paper. ... ', 'Definition Paper. ... ', 'Compare and Contrast Paper. ... ', 'Cause and Effect Paper. ... ', 'Interpretative Paper. ... ', 'Experimental Research Paper. ... ', 'Survey Research Paper.']
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The Key Elements of Writing. Writing academic texts refers to three key elements: audience, purpose and material.
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A personal essay consists of three main parts: introduction, body and conclusion.
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['Original Research: This is the most common type of journal manuscript used to publish full reports of data from research. ... ', 'Short reports or Letters: ... ', 'Review Articles: ... ', 'Case Studies: ... ', 'Methodologies or Methods.']
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['A summary or abstract. One or two paragraphs that summarise what you will do in the research project and how you will do it.', 'Problem, question or hypothesis. ... ', 'Importance of the research topic. ... ', 'Significant prior research. ... ', 'Research methodology. ... ', 'Ethical considerations. ... ', 'Analysis of information.']
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The four elements essential to good paragraph writing are: unity, order, coherence, and completeness.
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['Select a topic. ... ', 'Do the Research. ... ', 'Start to Work on Your Thesis. ... ', 'Create the Main Structure of Your Research Paper. ... ', 'Write an Introduction and a Conclusion for the Research Paper. ... ', 'Proofread Your Paper.']
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['introduction – engaging the reader, or outlining the main point of the article to follow.', 'middle – making clear and interesting points about the topic.', 'end – a concluding paragraph that draws the points together.']
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Six main chapters of a research paper. ... INTRODUCTION This is the first part of Chapter 1, and it consists of the following: background of the study, statement of the problem, significance of the study, and scope and delimination of the study, 3.
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['Should not be aimless or entire summary.', 'Must be relevant summary.', "Summarizes and organizes each work's ideas around a specific topic or argument. Organizes and synthesizes. ... ", 'Features current relevant literature.']
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['Title: It should be concise and descriptive. ... ', 'Abstract: It is a brief summary of approximately 300 words. ... ', 'Introduction: The introduction provides the readers with the background information. ... ', 'Objectives: Research objectives are the goals to be achieved by conducting the research.']
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['Introduction. This is the firs at part of the abstract, and should be brief and attractive to the reader at the same time. ... ', 'Research significance. This usually answers the question: Why did you do this research?', 'Methodology. ... ', 'Results. ... ', 'Conclusion.']
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['Title. The title of your proposal should be short, accurate, and clear. ... ', 'Abstract. As in a technical paper, the proposal abstract should “abstract” the project for the reader. ... ', 'Introduction. ... ', 'Background. ... ', 'Preliminary Studies. ... ', 'Research Methodology. ... ', 'Budget. ... ', 'Curriculum Vitae for Principal Investigators.']
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Paper 1 – Energy; Electricity; Particle model of matter; and Atomic structure. Paper 2 – Forces; Waves; Magnetism and electromagnetism; and Space physics.