what does the hardy weinberg equilibrium describe?
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The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors. ... For instance, mutations disrupt the equilibrium of allele frequencies by introducing new alleles into a population.
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An individual that contains two copies of the same allele for a specific gene is homozygous. An individual that contains two different alleles of a gene is heterozygous. A cow that has two alleles for a red coat is homozygous (bb). A bull with two alleles for a black coat is homozygous (BB).
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Not necessarily. Because Luke gets one allele from Sally and one from John, Luke has a 25 percent change of have a homozygous dominant genotype of "FF," a heterozygous dominant genotype of "Ff" and a homozygous recessive genotype of "ff."
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The recombination frequency will be 50% when two genes are located on different chromosomes or when they are widely separated on the same chromosome. This is a consequence of independent assortment. When two genes are close together on the same chromosome, they do not assort independently and are said to be linked.
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Crossing-over is the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. ... When cells divide during meiosis, homologous chromosomes are randomly distributed during anaphase I, separating and segregating independently of each other. This is called independent assortment.
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If there is inbreeding (F > 0), then the genotype frequencies change in successive generations and homozygosity increases. But the allele frequencies do NOT change (inbreeding by itself does not cause evolution)
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The resulting characteristic is due to both alleles being expressed equally. An example of this is the blood group AB which is the result of codominance of the A and B dominant alleles. Recessive alleles only show their effect if the individual has two copies of the allele (also known as being homozygous?).
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Mendel's Law of Segregation states that a diploid organism passes a randomly selected allele for a trait to its offspring, such that the offspring receives one allele from each parent. Learning Objectives. Apply the law of segregation to determine the chances of a particular genotype arising from a genetic cross.
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Crossing-over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. It results in new combinations of genes on each chromosome. When cells divide during meiosis, homologous chromosomes are randomly distributed to daughter cells, and different chromosomes segregate independently of each other.
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The r selected species live in populations that are highly variable. The fittest individuals in these environments have many offspring and reproduce early. K selected species live in populations that are at or near equilibrium conditions for long periods of time.
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The principle of segregation (First Law): The two members of a gene pair (alleles) segregate (separate) from each other in the formation of gametes. ... The principle of independent assortment (Second Law): Genes for different traits assort independently of one another in the formation of gametes.
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Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assumes: no gene flow, mutation, genetic drift, or natural selection. "Fitness," in an evolutionary sense, refers to an individual's: reproductive success. ... genetic drift.
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For any given number of alleles, the expected heterozygosity is highest when the all the allele frequencies are equal. observed reslts indicate severe effects of small population sizes (population bottlenecks or metapopulation dynamics that severely reduced the level of genetic variation relative to that expected).
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Each parent passes an allele at random to their offspring resulting in a diploid organism. ... 1: The Law of Segregation states that alleles segregate randomly into gametes: When gametes are formed, each allele of one parent segregates randomly into the gametes, such that half of the parent's gametes carry each allele.
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In statistics, the p-value is the probability of obtaining results as extreme as the observed results of a statistical hypothesis test, assuming that the null hypothesis is correct.
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Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. ... If a population is in a state called Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequencies of alleles, or gene versions, and genotypes, or sets of alleles, in that population will stay the same over generations (and will also satisfy the Hardy-Weinberg equation).
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The Hardy-Weinberg Equation. For a population in genetic equilibrium: p + q = 1.0 (The sum of the frequencies of both alleles is 100%.) This page contains all the information you need to calculate allelic frequencies when there are two different alleles.