how many atp molecules are used in the initial steps of glycolysis?
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First Half of Glycolysis (Energy-Requiring Steps) In the first half of glycolysis, two adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules are used in the phosphorylation of glucose, which is then split into two three-carbon molecules as described in the following steps.
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Glycolysis. Glycolysis metabolizes glucose and rapidly produces a small amount of ATP as well as acid, pyruvate, and NADH that can feed into the Krebs cycle. The overall reaction is. Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+ → 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 H2O.
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The amount of ATP that is generated by glycolysis is relatively low. Two ATP molecules are required to start glycolysis (from glucose), and four are generated by substrate-level phosphorylation.
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This potential is then used to drive ATP synthase and produce ATP from ADP and a phosphate group. Biology textbooks often state that 38 ATP molecules can be made per oxidized glucose molecule during cellular respiration (2 from glycolysis, 2 from the Krebs cycle, and about 34 from the electron transport system).
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How much ATP is produced in all three stages? Glycolysis produces 2 ATP molecules, and the Krebs cycle produces 2 more. Electron transport begins with several molecules of NADH and FADH2 from the Krebs cycle and transfers their energy into as many as 34 more ATP molecules.
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Overall, the input for 1 glucose molecule is 2 ATP, and the output is 4 ATP and 2 NADH and 2 pyruvate molecules. In cells, it is critical that NADH is recycled back to NAD+ to keep glycolysis running. Without NAD+ the payoff phase will halt and cause a backup in glycolysis.
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The overall reaction for glycolysis is: glucose (6C) + 2 NAD+ 2 ADP +2 inorganic phosphates (Pi) yields 2 pyruvate (3C) + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 net ATP.
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A net energy yield of two ATP molecules and two NADH molecules are generated per glucose molecule during glycolysis.
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First, in the glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose we obtain two water molecules, 2NADH+ and 2 pyruvate molecules.
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(i) Each molecule of glucose produces 2 molecules of pyruvic acid at the end of the glycolysis. (ii) The net gain of ATP in this process is two ATP molecules (four ATPs are formed in glycolysis but two of them are used up in the reaction).
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The total energy gained from the complete breakdown of one (six-carbon) molecule of glucose by glycolysis, the formation of 2 acetyl-CoA molecules, their catabolism in the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation equals about 30 ATP molecules, in eukaryotes.
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Thus the net yield is two ATPs per glucose molecule. The remaining 34 molecules of ATP generated during the complete aerobic metabolism of glucose are synthesized during oxidation of pyruvate to CO2 and H2O in mitochondria.
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Glycolysis is the first step in which glucose is broken down into pyruvate. The process results in energy carrying molecules called NADH. A small amount of ATP is also made and CO2 is given off as a byproduct. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
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Outcomes of Glycolysis Glycolysis starts with one molecule of glucose and ends with two pyruvate (pyruvic acid) molecules, a total of four ATP molecules, and two molecules of NADH.
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There is a theoretical maximum of 38 ATP produced from a single glucose molecule: 2 NADH produced in glycolysis (3 ATP each) + 8 NADH produced in Krebs cycle (3 ATP each) + 2 FADH2 produced I don't know where (2 ATP each) + 2 ATP produced in the Krebs cycle + 2 ATP produced in glycolysis = 6 + 24 + 4 + 2 + 2 = 38 ATP, ...
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Glycolysis produces 2 ATP molecules, and the Krebs cycle produces 2 more. Electron transport begins with several molecules of NADH and FADH2 from the Krebs cycle and transfers their energy into as many as 34 more ATP molecules.
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Glycolysis used 2 ATP and 4 ATP made.So net ATP produced is 2 ATP. Krabs Cycle with ETS 3 molecule NADH( 3⋅3=9 ATP) 1 molecule FADH2 ( 2⋅1=2 ATP) and 1 molecule GTP(1 ATP).