aplastic anemia is it genetic?
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Hereditary aplastic anemia is passed down through the genes from parent to child. It is usually diagnosed in childhood and is much less common than acquired aplastic anemia. People who develop hereditary aplastic anemia usually have other genetic or developmental abnormalities that cause the aplastic anemia.
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Anemia most often describes a condition in which the number of red blood cells is less than normal, resulting in less oxygen carried to the body's cells. In aplastic anemia, however, normal production of all blood cells slows or stops. Blood cell production declines because bone marrow stem cells are damaged.
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You are born with sickle cell hemoglobin and it is present for life. If you inherit only one sickle gene, you have sickle cell trait and will not develop the disease. If you inherit two sickle cell genes, you have sickle cell anemia.
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Sickle cell is a homogenous genetic anemia caused when an abnormal gene (hemoglobin S or HbS) causes the substitution of the amino acid valine, for another, glutamic acid (Amundsen et al., 1984).
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Acquired aplastic anemia is usually considered an autoimmune disease . Normally, your immune system attacks only foreign substances. When your immune system attacks your own body, you are said to have an autoimmune disease. Other autoimmune diseases include rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
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In a minority of cases, acquired aplastic anemia may eventually develop leukemia. PNH is caused by an acquired genetic defect affecting the PIGA gene, limited to marrow stem cells. The PIGA gene mutations cause blood cells to become sensitive to increased destruction by complement, a blood immunity protein.
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['Aplastic anemia.', 'Cancer.', 'Certain medications, such as antiretroviral drugs for HIV infection and chemotherapy drugs for cancer and other conditions.', 'Chronic kidney disease.', 'Cirrhosis.', "Hodgkin's lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease)"]
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But in polycythemia vera, your bone marrow makes too many of some of these blood cells. The cause of the gene mutation in polycythemia vera is unknown, but it's generally not inherited from your parents.
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The most common cause of aplastic anemia is from your immune system attacking the stem cells in your bone marrow. Other factors that can injure bone marrow and affect blood cell production include: Radiation and chemotherapy treatments.
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In aplastic anemia, stem cells are damaged. As a result, the bone marrow is either empty (aplastic) or contains few blood cells (hypoplastic). The most common cause of aplastic anemia is from your immune system attacking the stem cells in your bone marrow.
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Here's how natural selection can keep a harmful allele in a gene pool: The allele (S) for sickle-cell anemia is a harmful autosomal recessive. It is caused by a mutation in the normal allele (A) for hemoglobin (a protein on red blood cells). Malaria is a deadly tropical disease.
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Many types of anemia exist, such as iron-deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia, aplastic anemia, and hemo- lytic anemia. The different types of anemia are linked to various diseases and conditions.
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The sickle cell anemia trait is found on a recessive allele of the hemoglobin gene. This means that you must have two copies of the recessive allele — one from your mother and one from your father — to have the condition.
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The altered form of hemoglobin that causes sickle-cell anemia is inherited as a codominant trait. Specifically, heterozygous (Ss) individuals express both normal and sickle hemoglobin, so they have a mixture of normal and sickle red blood cells.
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There's no hope of having a child with the genotype AA. But there's no danger either. Someone with the genotype AS should only marry someone with the genotype AA because if AS marries another AS there's one out of 4 chances (AS, AS, AA and SS) that they will have a child with the sickle-cell disease.
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Pathophysiology of thrombocytopenia in aplastic anemia Decreased hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell numbers and function, resulting in impaired megakaryocytopoiesis and insufficient mature platelet production, are the causes of thrombocytopenia.
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Sickle cell anemia is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means that both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations . The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition.