what is the hardy weinberg equilibrium formula?
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The Hardy-Weinberg Equation. For a population in genetic equilibrium: p + q = 1.0 (The sum of the frequencies of both alleles is 100%.) This page contains all the information you need to calculate allelic frequencies when there are two different alleles.
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['State the null hypothesis and alternate hypothesis.', 'Choose an alpha level.', 'Find the critical value of z in a z table.', 'Calculate the z test statistic (see below).', 'Compare the test statistic to the critical z value and decide if you should support or reject the null hypothesis.']
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If Ha contains a greater-than alternative, find the probability that Z is greater than your test statistic (look up your test statistic on the Z-table, find its corresponding probability, and subtract it from one). The result is your p-value. (Note: In this case, your test statistic is usually positive.)
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The conditions to maintain the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are: no mutation, no gene flow, large population size, random mating, and no natural selection. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can be disrupted by deviations from any of its five main underlying conditions.
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2 The semi-empirical mass formula. We saw the binding energy can be expressed as. BE = avA − asA2/3. where av (the volume term constant) and as (the surface term constant) are parameters to be determined from data.
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The mean of the distribution (μx) is equal to n * P . The variance (σ2x) is n * P * ( 1 - P ). The standard deviation (σx) is sqrt[ n * P * ( 1 - P ) ].
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['t = number of hours.', 'k = constant of proportionality.', 'n = number of people.']
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['MCH (pg): This is equivalent to (Hgb ÷ RBC count) x 10. ... ', 'MCHC (g/dL): This is equivalent to (Hgb ÷ HCT or PCV) x 100.']
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['TotalM+1 = TotalM + VM+1 - V(M-n+1)', 'NumeratorM+1 = NumeratorM + n*VM+1 - TotalM.', 'WMAM+1 = NumeratorM+1 / (n*(n+1)/2)']
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The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle describes the unchanging frequency of alleles and genotypes in a stable, idealized population. ... In the absence of these evolutionary forces, the population would reach an equilibrium in one generation and maintain that equilibrium over successive generations.
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In order for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, or a non-evolving state, it must meet five major assumptions: No mutation. No new alleles are generated by mutation, nor are genes duplicated or deleted. Random mating.
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['You will use technology to calculate the p-value. ... ', 'The p-value is calculated using a t-distribution with n – 2 degrees of freedom.', 'The formula for the test statistic is t=r√n−2√1−r2 t = r n − 2 1 − r 2 . ... ', 'The p-value is the combined area in both tails.']
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The symbol 'σ' represents the population standard deviation. The term 'sqrt' used in this statistical formula denotes square root.
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The mean of the negative binomial distribution with parameters r and p is rq / p, where q = 1 – p. The variance is rq / p2. The simplest motivation for the negative binomial is the case of successive random trials, each having a constant probability P of success.
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Key points: When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene, it is not evolving, and allele frequencies will stay the same across generations. There are five basic Hardy-Weinberg assumptions: no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection.
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Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. ... If a population is in a state called Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequencies of alleles, or gene versions, and genotypes, or sets of alleles, in that population will stay the same over generations (and will also satisfy the Hardy-Weinberg equation).
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Calculate the F value. The F Value is calculated using the formula F = (SSE1 – SSE2 / m) / SSE2 / n-k, where SSE = residual sum of squares, m = number of restrictions and k = number of independent variables. Find the F Statistic (the critical value for this test).