what are the five main factors that affect soil erosion?
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['Rainfall and Runoff. ... ', 'Soil Erodibility. ... ', 'Slope Gradient and Length. ... ', 'Cropping and Vegetation. ... ', 'Tillage Practices. ... ', 'Sheet Erosion. ... ', 'Rill Erosion. ... ', 'Gully Erosion.']
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['light intensity.', 'temperature.', 'soil pH.', 'soil moisture.']
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Affect Runoff Watershed factors affecting runoff are land slope, shape, soil, and land use.
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In this study, Botero-Acosta says they found that soil type and land use were the two most important variables. “The most vulnerable areas for erosion were found to be located at the upper riparian zone of the Cobb and Lake sub-watersheds. The soil there is sand and silt, which is very prone to erosion,” she says.
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There are two main types of erosion: chemical and physical. Chemical erosion occurs when a rock's chemical composition changes, such as when iron rusts or when limestone dissolves due to carbonation.
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['urbanisation , because towns and cities have more impermeable surfaces.', 'deforestation , because removing trees reduces the amount of water intercepted and increases run-off.']
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['Sedimentation.', 'Runoff.', 'Erosion.', 'Dissolved oxygen.', 'pH.', 'Temperature.', 'Decayed organic materials.', 'Pesticides.']
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Water erosion is caused by the detachment and transport of soil by rainfall, runoff, melting snow or ice, and irrigation. Excessive erosion can threaten the production of agricultural and forest products. Erosion may also impact water conveyance and storage structures, and contribute to pollution from land surfaces.
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Land pollution is a major problem around the world and is caused by a variety of factors. Some of main causes of soil pollution include deforestation and consequent erosion, agriculture, industry, mining, landfills and illegal dumping of waste as well as urbanization and construction [8].
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Factors such as deforestation, ill management of industrial wastes, overgrazing by cattle, and urban expansion, are also the notable causes. Organic matter plays a key role in maintaining soil fertility by holding nutrients to the soil. Decline in soil organic matter causes limited soil life and poor soil structure.
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Depending on the type of force, erosion can happen quickly or take thousands of years. The three main forces that cause erosion are water, wind, and ice. Water is the main cause of erosion on Earth.
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['Increases soil fertility. ... ', 'Increases crop yield. ... ', 'Increase in soil nutrients. ... ', 'Reduces soil erosion. ... ', 'Limits concentration of pests and diseases. ... ', 'Reduces the stress of weeds. ... ', 'Improves the soil structure. ... ', 'Reduces pollution.']
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Soil erosion is not only an environmental issue; it also causes huge losses to the economy. One study estimated global economic losses from soil erosion to be around $8 billion, due to reduced soil fertility, decreased crop yields and increased water usage.
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Soil Erosion means removal of the soil (usually Top Soil) by erosional forces such as wind and water. ... Similarly, soil removed from one region is deposited at other places. Land Degradation means temporary or permanent reduction in the biological or economic productive capacity of the land resource base.
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Farming. Agriculture is probably the most significant activity that accelerates soil erosion because of the amount of land that is farmed and how much farming practices disturb the ground (Figure 1). Farmers remove native vegetation and then plow the land to plant new seeds.
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Soil erosion is the process of the soil being carried away by mostly water or wind. Soil depletion means that the quality of the soil goes downs, like when crops take up the soil nutrients and the farmers don't fertilize the soil to replenish the nutrients.
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The effects of soil erosion go beyond the loss of fertile land. It has led to increased pollution and sedimentation in streams and rivers, clogging these waterways and causing declines in fish and other species. And degraded lands are also often less able to hold onto water, which can worsen flooding.