what are xanthophylls and carotenes?
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The difference between the two groups is chemical: xanthophylls contain oxygen, while carotenes are hydrocarbons and do not contain oxygen. Also, the two absorb different wavelengths of light during a plant's photosynthesis process, so xanthophylls are more yellow while carotenes are orange.
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Biological pigments, also known simply as pigments or biochromes, are substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption. Biological pigments include plant pigments and flower pigments.
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The natural sources of astaxanthin are algae, yeast, salmon, trout, krill, shrimp and crayfish.
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Carotenoids are Found in Chloroplasts Carotenoids are fat soluble pigments, meaning they do not readily dissolve readily in water. Instead, they are usually found attached to proteins or membranes in the chloroplasts. Chloroplasts (see Figure 2) are tiny organelles in cells where photosynthesis occurs.
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Asian greens are also a rich source of the carotenes lutein and zeaxanthin, both known to protect eye health. Thanks to their rich green colors, Asian greens also contain a wealth of the mineral magnesium, which is involved in healthly muscle function. Most Asian greens are very rich in the B-vitamin folate.
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The photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids are present in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. The photosystem constitutes the light-harvesting complexes, that comprises of 300-400 chlorophylls, proteins, and other pigments.
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The Rf value of each pigment was determined by dividing its migration by the migration of the solvent. It was determined that 4 pigments were present in the original spot --- carotene, xanthophyll, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b.
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Astaxanthin is a red pigment found in marine animals and microorganisms, whereas lutein and zeaxanthin are yellow pigments found in vegetables and fruits. These xanthophyll carotenoids can act as antioxidants by capturing free radicals and oxygen singlets.
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The key difference between chlorophyll and carotenoids is that the chlorophyll is a family of green colour pigments primarily used for photosynthesis in photosynthetic organisms while the carotenoids are a group of yellow to red colour pigments including carotenes and xanthophylls that are accessory pigments.
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Summary Zucchini is rich in manganese, lutein, zeaxanthin, and vitamins A and C — nutrients which contribute to healthy vision and may lower your risk of age-related eye conditions.
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['beta-carotene.', 'magnesium.', 'phosphorus.', 'silicon.', 'sodium.', 'sulphur.']
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Answer 3: Sometimes, but mostly not - the chlorophyll pigment is green, and while there are other pigments that also color leaves and are not green, anything that is going to photosynthesize need chlorophyll.
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Chlorophyll and carotenoid are important pigments that have been used as intrinsic optical molecular probes to observe plant performance during different phases of development. Chlorophyll and carotenoid are biosynthesized in chloroplast and their metabolism is closely related with the chloroplast development.
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Remember, chlorophylls and carotenoids are hydrophobic or nonpolar and will dissolve in less polar solvents, whereas anthocyanins are extractable and soluble in more polar solvents like water.
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“Vitamin C and niacin are most concentrated in the peel but can be found in appreciable amounts in the phloem. As for beta-carotene (an orange pigment and plant form of vitamin A), the peel and phloem have approximately equal amounts. That is why both peeled and unpeeled carrots have the same orange color.
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Chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins are the basic pigment groups responsible for plant colors. There are many types of each of these pigments, and they can be broadly grouped by water solubility. Anthocyanins are water soluble, but chlorophyll and carotenoids are not.
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All algae contain chlorophyll a. Accessory pigments vary among different algal groups. Photoautotrophy is the principal mode of nutrition in algae; in other words, they are "self-feeders", using light energy and a photosynthetic apparatus to produce their own food (organic carbon) from carbon dioxide and water.