why hyperreflexia in umn lesion?
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Hyperreflexia. Because of the loss of inhibitory modulation from descending pathways, the myotatic (stretch) reflex is exaggerated in upper motor neuron disorders. The stretch reflex is a major clinical diagnostic test of whether a motor disorder is caused by damage to upper or lower motor neurons. Clonus.
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A Trigger Point (TrP) is a hyperirritable spot, a palpable nodule in the taut bands of the skeletal muscles' fascia. Direct compression or muscle contraction can elicit jump sign, local tenderness, local twitch response and referred pain which usually responds with a pain pattern distant from the spot.
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The observation of pathological yawning in seven patients with acute anterior circulation stroke provides strong evidence that excessive yawning can be a sign of supratentorial lesions affecting the MCA territory.
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The Babinski sign can indicate upper motor neuron lesion constituting damage to the corticospinal tract. ... The phrase "negative Babinski sign" is sometimes used for the normal flexor plantar response.
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As the cells in this area die, a person with HD experiences uncontrollable muscular movements likened to fidgetiness or nervous restlessness. Similarly, Parkinson's disease patients experience uncontrollable movements due to the disease's effects on a specific area of the basal ganglia called the substantia nigra.
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Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a term used to describe the sudden onset of weakness in one or more limbs. The weakness is a result of inflammation (swelling) of the spinal cord which carries messages to and from the brain. The condition can be caused by auto immune diseases or exposure to environmental toxins.
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An upper motor neuron lesion is a lesion of the neural pathway above the anterior horn of the spinal cord or motor nuclei of the cranial nerves. A Lower motor neuron lesion is a lesion which affects nerve fibers traveling from the anterior horn of the spinal cord to the associated muscle(s).
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MMN is a disorder only of the lower motor nerve fibers, the axons that originate in the motor neurons- but the cell bodies themselves (motor neurons) are not affected by the disease. The diagnosis of MMN is based on the pure motor symptoms and signs, and the lack of upper motor neuron signs.
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The most common phenomenon is detrusor overactivity (detrusor hyperreflexia) which is caused by supra-nuclear lesion of nerves innervating the detrusor. Like unstable bladder in BPH, this condition causes urinary urgency or urge inconti- nence. In spinal disease, detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia is often found.
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During REM, the brain is very active, and dreams are at their most intense. But the voluntary muscles of the body — arms, legs, fingers, anything that is under conscious control — are paralyzed.
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Myofascial trigger points, also known as trigger points, are described as hyperirritable spots in the skeletal muscle. They are associated with palpable nodules in taut bands of muscle fibers.
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Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a genetic disorder that affects nerves, muscles, other organs, and behavior. It slowly gets worse over time.
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Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a condition in which your involuntary nervous system overreacts to external or bodily stimuli. It's also known as autonomic hyperreflexia.
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Among the more common are neurological or neuromuscular disorders that cause weakness of the pharynx, benign or malignant strictures, esophageal motor disorders including achalasia (in which the lower esophageal sphincter does not relax) and esophageal spasm (in which esophageal contractions become uncoordinated).
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A patient with gout had a peripheral neuropathy that improved with the lowering of the serum uric acid level. He had a relapse when hyperuricemia recurred, suggesting that the hyperuricemia of gout may produce a treatable form of peripheral neuropathy.
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Constant hypersalivation is usually caused by chronic health conditions that affect muscle control. When you have impaired muscle control, it can affect your ability to swallow, leading to saliva buildup. This can result from: malocclusion.
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If you have hypermobile joints, you're able to extend them easily and painlessly beyond the normal range of motion. Hypermobility of the joints occurs when the tissues holding a joint together, mainly ligaments and the joint capsule, are too loose. Often, weak muscles around the joint also contribute to hypermobility.