how much energy does it take to make stainless steel?
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As a result, the energy uses we are analyzing now will have to do with the melting of stainless. Using a conservative estimate on the melt constituents, melting a ton of metal to make stainless, with that ton consisting of 50% scrap and 50% scrap, would take an absolute minimum of about 6000 MJ/t of material.
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In short, it takes 113399kj of energy to produce 1 pound of beef, 45359kj to produce 1 pound of pork, and 15839kj to produce 1 pound of chicken. Beef also has the largest water footprint in production, as well as the highest amount of greenhouse gas emissions during production and post-production.
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According to one site, the average bread maker uses less energy than a coffee maker, coming in at about 9kwh used per month (based on a 600-watt machine that's used an average of 15 hours each month, which seems about right to us).
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It means that per mole water splitting requires at least 241.8 kJ of energy. Any method(thermal,electrolysis etc) followed, this much of energy will be always required. When using electrolysis, it may be convenient to express it in eV.
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An iron will use 800 to 2000 watts, with an average iron using 1100 watts when heated on high. Click calculate to find the energy consumption of a clothes iron using 1100 Watts for 15 minutes a day @ $0.10 per kWh.
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Energy is always required to break a bond, which is known as bond energy. The electrolysis of water requires a minimum of 237.13 kJ of electrical energy input to dissociate each mole. Each mole of water gives you 2 grams of Hydrogen and 16 grams of Oxygen.
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Mild steel contains carbon as the alloy, whereas stainless steel includes chromium. The changes brought about by chromium to the internal structure of the steel result in properties which gives stainless steel its name: very high corrosion resistance and a surface which does not stain or tarnish.
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Combining all the energy input totals, Gleick and Cooley found that producing bottled water requires between 5.6 and 10.2 million joules of energy per liter, depending on transportation factors (a typical personal-sized water bottle is about 0.5 liters).
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Both the 308 and the 309 have an All-Weld-Metal Tensile requirement of 80ksi minimum, but the 309 is usually recommended for welding stainless to dissimilar metals. To add to what Chuck has said, the higher chromium content in 309 promotes the formation of ferrite and increases resistance to oxidation and corrosion.
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Chromium is used in stainless steel to provide durability as well as resistance to rust and corrosion, while nickel is used to give flatware its luster. 18/10 (304 stainless steel) - Contains 18% chromium and 10% nickel. 18/0 (420 stainless steel) - Contains 18% chromium and 0% nickel.
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Using the equation for a change in temperature and the value for water (334 kJ/kg), we find that Q=mLf=(1.0kg)(334kJ/kg)=334kJ is the energy to melt a kilogram of ice. This is a lot of energy as it represents the same amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of liquid water from 0ºC to 79.8ºC.
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['Stainless steel.', 'Titanium.', 'Tantalum.', 'Platinium.', 'Palladium.']
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Note: we need to convert 55.0 kg to grams first! Next, we look at the balanced reaction equation given in the problem and see that for every 1 mole of Fe3O4 that is decomposed, +1118 kJ of energy is required.
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The electrolysis of water in standard conditions requires a theoretical minimum of 237 kJ of electrical energy input to dissociate each mole of water, which is the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of water. It also requires energy to overcome the change in entropy of the reaction.
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Stainless steel: $. 42 cents per lb. Aluminum: $. 50 cents per lb.
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Research shows it takes 107482.461345 BTUs of energy to produce 1 pound of beef, 42992.984538 BTUs to produce 1 pound of pork, and 15013.423172 BTUs to produce 1 pound of chicken.
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To produce a ton of steel in an electric arc furnace requires approximately 400 kilowatt-hours per short ton or about 440 kWh per metric tonne; the theoretical minimum amount of energy required to melt a tonne of scrap steel is 300 kWh (melting point 1520 °C/2768 °F).