what are the chemical properties of kojic acid?
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Kojic acid is a pyranone that is 4H-pyran substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5, a hydroxymethyl group at position 2 and an oxo group at position 4. It has been isolated from the fungus Aspergillus oryzae. It has a role as a NF-kappaB inhibitor, an Aspergillus metabolite, a skin lightening agent, an EC 1.10.
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Kojic acid works by blocking tyrosine from forming, which then prevents melanin production. Decreased melanin production may have a lightening effect on the skin. Kojic acid is most commonly used in cosmetic products, such as creams, lotions, and serums. It is also used in some soaps.
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If you're one of the many who develop melasma over the course of your pregnancy, avoid hydroquinone and try kojic acid.
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Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid or methanecarboxylic acid, is a colorless liquid with a strong and distinct pungent and sour smell. Its chemical formula is C2H4O2 or can be written as CH3COOH or CH3CO2H.
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Aspirin, an acetyl derivative of salicylic acid, is a white, crystalline, weakly acidic substance, with a melting point of 136 °C (277 °F), and a boiling point of 140 °C (284 °F).
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Kojic acid may be helpful for people who have dark spots on their skin due to sun damage, aging, or scars. Some people with certain skin conditions or allergies may be advised not to use kojic acid, however. It is always best to talk to a dermatologist to make sure using products containing kojic acid is safe.
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Physical properties: Pure acetic acid is a colorless liquid with a strong, corrosive pungent odor. Its density is 1.05 g/mL, and boiling point is 118 °C. It has a characteristic sour taste, and is highly miscible in water. Uses: Acetic acid is largely used in the food industry as vinegar, and as an acidity regulator.
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Properties of carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids are soluble in water. Carboxylic acids do not dimerise in water, but forms hydrogen bonds with water. Carboxylic acids are polar and due to the presence of the hydroxyl in the carboxyl group, they are able to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
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Water, Glycerin, Glyceryl Polyacrylate, Butylene Glycol, SD Alcohol 30, Saccharum Officinarum (Sugar Cane) Extract, Vaccinium Myrtillus (Bilberry) Extract, Triethanollamine, Arbutin, Saliz Alba (Willow) Bark Extract, Polyporus Umbellatus (Mushroom) Extract, Menthol, Phenoxyethanol.
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Side effects and risks. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel decided that kojic acid is safe to use in cosmetics in concentrations of 1 percent. ... Contact dermatitis is most common in those with sensitive skin, or in individuals using a product with a higher concentration than 1 percent of kojic acid.
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Properties. Boric acid is soluble in boiling water. When heated above 170 °C, it dehydrates, forming metaboric acid (HBO2): H3BO3 → HBO2 + H. 2O. Metaboric acid is a white, cubic crystalline solid and is only slightly soluble in water.
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Kojic's acid primary use — and benefit — is to lighten visible sun damage, age spots, or scars. This can result in an anti-aging effect on the skin. ... If soap containing kojic acid is used regularly, it may help prevent both bacterial and fungal infections on the body.
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The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel decided that kojic acid is safe to use in cosmetics in concentrations of 1 percent. However, some individuals may still experience side effects or risks from its use.
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['gamma-linolenic acid or GLA (18:3n-6)', 'dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid or DGLA (20:3n-6)', 'arachidonic acid or AA (20:4n-6)']
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['Physical state and appearance: liquid, colourless- light yellow.', '￼￼Odor: Pungent. ... ', 'pH: Concentrated HCl (aq) has a pH level of 0. ... ', 'Boiling Point: 108.58 C @ 760 mm Hg (for 20.22% HCl in water) 83 C @ 760 mm Hg (for 31% HCl in water) 50.5 C (for 37% HCl in water)']
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Since many skin lighteners contain toxic ingredients like hydroquinone, pregnant and breastfeeding Mamas have to be extra cautious when choosing a facial brightener. That's why kojic acid -- a naturally occurring, gentle ingredient -- is a great alternative.
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Diprotic acids, such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4), carbonic acid (H2CO3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), chromic acid (H2CrO4), and oxalic acid (H2C2O4) have two acidic hydrogen atoms. Triprotic acids, such as phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and citric acid (C6H8O7), have three.