why sequence alignment is important?
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Introduction. The alignment of biological sequences is probably the most important and most accomplished in the field of bioinformatics. Their ultimate goal is to determine the similarity between different sequences. ... Function prediction: The alignment of sequences to determine if two genes are similar.
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Chromosomes are very important because they contain vast majority of genetic information of organism. The organism's DNA is contained within the chromosome as a long series of nucleotides thar are organised into genes. And helps to inherit the characters of parents to their offsprings.
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Any large, rapid change is unlikely to survive because the ribosome is so critical to all aspects of life and reproduction in an organism. The components of the ribosome are an excellent resource for studying the evolution of all organisms because all cellular organisms have ribosomes.
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The 16S rRNA gene is used for phylogenetic studies as it is highly conserved between different species of bacteria and archaea. ... It is suggested that 16S rRNA gene can be used as a reliable molecular clock because 16S rRNA sequences from distantly related bacterial lineages are shown to have similar functionalities.
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In general, why is any specific module in a promoter important. ... Therefore the transcription initiation complex is composed of promoter sequences and DNA binding proteins. These two components of transcription are normally described as cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors.
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The basic next-generation sequencing process involves fragmenting DNA/RNA into multiple pieces, adding adapters, sequencing the libraries, and reassembling them to form a genomic sequence. In principle, the concept is similar to capillary electrophoresis.
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In molecular genetics, an untranslated region (or UTR) refers to either of two sections, one on each side of a coding sequence on a strand of mRNA. If it is found on the 5' side, it is called the 5' UTR (or leader sequence), or if it is found on the 3' side, it is called the 3' UTR (or trailer sequence).
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During translation, which is the second major step in gene expression, the mRNA is "read" according to the genetic code, which relates the DNA sequence to the amino acid sequence in proteins (Figure 2). ... The mRNA sequence is thus used as a template to assemble—in order—the chain of amino acids that form a protein.
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For example, scientists can use DNA sequences to help determine if they have discovered a new species. Scientists can also compare DNA sequences from different organisms and measure the number of changes (mutations) between them to infer if species are closely or distantly related.
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Therefore the amino acid sequence determines the conformation of the protein and this in turn determines the function of the protein. It is important to remember that protein shape is sensitive to pH, temperature and dissolved salts.
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From this informatics perspective, repetitive DNA is an essential component of genomes; it is required for formatting coding information so that it can be accurately expressed and for formatting DNA molecules for transmission to new gener- ations of cells.
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Sequencing employs a technique known as electrophoresis to separate pieces of DNA that differ in length by only one base. In electrophoresis, DNA to be sequenced is placed at one end of a gel—a slab of a gelatin-like substance. (A major part of DNA sequencing simply comes down to making a bunch of Jell-O.)
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You can imagine shotgun sequencing as being a bit like shredding multiple copies of a book (which in this case is a genome), mixing up all the fragments and then reassembling the original text (genome) by finding fragments with text that overlap and piecing the book back together again.
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The testing is important since it discovers defects/bugs before the delivery to the client, which guarantees the quality of the software. It makes the software more reliable and easy to use. Thoroughly tested software ensures reliable and high-performance software operation.
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All mutations are harmful to the organism's genome. A single-base insertion is usually more harmful than a single-base point mutation. Insertions, but not deletions, can change the codon reading frame. Mutations can be useful to the organism.
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Coding DNA: A sequence of DNA that codes for protein. Coding DNA sequences are separated by long regions of DNA called introns that have no apparent function. Coding DNA is also known as an exon.
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Its job is to match an mRNA codon with the amino acid it codes for. You can think of it as a kind of molecular "bridge" between the two. Each tRNA contains a set of three nucleotides called an anticodon. The anticodon of a given tRNA can bind to one or a few specific mRNA codons.