what is the difference between a basal level of transcription and constitutive expression?
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Constitutive genes are always being expressed (usually at a basal/regular level) but regulated genes are only expressed under certain necessary conditions in order to save cellular energy. ... The operons that help to regulate the gene expression have multiple genes that are transcribed downstream.
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Prokaryotic gene expression (both transcription and translation) occurs within the cytoplasm of a cell due to the lack of a defined nucleus; thus, the DNA is freely located within the cytoplasm. Eukaryotic gene expression occurs in both the nucleus (transcription) and cytoplasm (translation).
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1 Answer. DNA replication is formation ofcomplementary strand of DNA, while the DNA transcription is the synthesis of mRNA.
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In negative regulation a repressor protein binds to an operator to prevent a gene from being expressed. In positive regulation a transcription factor is required to bind at the promoter in order to enable RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.
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The Art of Protein Synthesis In eukaryotic cells, transcription takes place in the nucleus. During transcription, DNA is used as a template to make a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). The molecule of mRNA then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs.
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The trp operon is a repressible system; this operon is always expressed unless tryptophan, the corepressor, becomes available in the cell. When tryptophan is present, it represses the expression of genes in this operon. This difference between inducible and repressible systems is small, but significant.
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All of the RNA in a cell is made by DNA transcription, a process that has certain similarities to the process of DNA replication discussed in Chapter 5. Transcription begins with the opening and unwinding of a small portion of the DNA double helix to expose the bases on each DNA strand.
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In eukaryotic cells, transcription takes place in the nucleus. During transcription, DNA is used as a template to make a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). The molecule of mRNA then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs.
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Transcription is the first step in gene expression. It involves copying a gene's DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule. Transcription is performed by enzymes called RNA polymerases, which link nucleotides to form an RNA strand (using a DNA strand as a template).
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function. Basal, or general, transcription factors are necessary for RNA polymerase to function at a site of transcription in eukaryotes. They are considered the most basic set of proteins needed to activate gene transcription, and they include a number of proteins, such as TFIIA (transcription factor…
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Enhancers and Transcription In some eukaryotic genes, there are regions that help increase or enhance transcription. ... Enhancer regions are binding sequences, or sites, for transcription factors. When a DNA-bending protein binds to an enhancer, the shape of the DNA changes.
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Prokaryotic gene expression is primarily controlled at the level of transcription. Eukaryotic gene expression is controlled at the levels of epigenetics, transcription, post-transcription, translation, and post-translation.
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General transcription factors are essential for any transcription for all genes while regulatory transcription factors regulate transcription of specific genes. General transcription factors act as heterodimers while regulatory transcription factors act as monomers.
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The stretch of DNA transcribed into an RNA molecule is called a transcription unit and encodes at least one gene. If the gene encodes a protein, the transcription produces messenger RNA (mRNA); the mRNA, in turn, serves as a template for the protein's synthesis through translation.
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During transcription, DNA is transcribed into mRNA (messenger RNA) by RNA polymerase II. This mRNA includes the exons and introns. ... Therefore, the RNA template is the deciding factor for all the proteins that are to be synthesised. Gene expression related studies are performed by RNA extraction and it's quantification.
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Epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation and histone modification, are thought to influence gene expression chiefly at the level of transcription; however, other steps in the process (for example splicing and translation) may also be regulated epigenetically.
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Go with Brian's excellent answer! Plus, DNA replication occurs within the nucleus. While transcription, the beginning phase of protein synthesis also takes place within the nucleus. Then, the process of translation completes the synthesis of proteins, outside the nucleus, within the cell's cytoplasm.