how do crude oil pipelines work?
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Oil pipelines are made from steel or plastic tubes which are usually buried. The oil is moved through the pipelines by pump stations along the pipeline. Natural gas (and similar gaseous fuels) are pressurized into liquids known as Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs).
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The first part of refining crude oil is to heat it until it boils. The boiling liquid is separated into different liquids and gases in a distillation column. These liquids are used to make petrol, paraffin, diesel fuel etc. Crude oil is a mixture of different chemical called hydrocarbons.
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Conventional crude oil is a liquid that can be pumped from underground deposits. It is then shipped by pipeline to refineries where it's processed into gasoline, diesel and other fuels. Bitumen is too thick to be pumped from the ground or through pipelines.
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The terms upstream and downstream oil and gas production refer to an oil or gas company's location in the supply chain. ... Upstream oil and gas production is conducted by companies who identify, extract, or produce raw materials. Downstream oil and gas production companies are closer to the end user or consumer.
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Flowlines are pipes that carry oil or gas products from the producing wells to the oil or gas gathering stations or pumping stations. Pipelines are the pipes that carry oil or gas from the Gathering stations to the processing stations or to the market.
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Crude oil is a naturally occurring, unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials. A type of fossil fuel, crude oil can be refined to produce usable products such as gasoline, diesel, and various other forms of petrochemicals.
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How Does a Tub Diverter Valve Work? Basically, the main water pipe running to the bathroom starts at the tub faucet and then runs vertically to connect the same waterway to the showerhead above the faucet. ... The valve turns within the pipes, blocking off the tub faucet, forcing the water upward to the showerhead instead.
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Both rail and pipelines are quite safe, but pipelines are without a doubt the safest way to transport oil and gas. In every year from 2003 to 2013, pipelines experienced fewer occurrences per million barrels of oil equivalent transported than did rail. ... Debates about pipeline expansion often ignore these realities.
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Typically Hydrocarbons consists of naturally occurring raw materials like Crude Oil and Natural Gas. Crude Oil is just the liquid form of Hydro-carbons and contains mixture of Hydrocarbons, where as Natural gas contains the gaseous mixture of hydrocarbons such as Methane, Ethane, Butane and Propane.
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Hydraulic lifts work on a basic principle: to go up, a pump pushes oil into the cylinder, pushing the piston (which pushes the lift car) up. To go down, the valve opens and oil is allowed to flow back into the reservoir, and is pushed back using the gravitational force of the lift car.
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Piping refers to the piping inside the battery limits of a process plant connecting various pumps and equipment. ... Whereas pipeline refers to piping outside the process plant battery limit connecting two plants mainly cross country pipelines of longer distances. The design of pipeline is governed by ASME B31. 4 code.
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Crude oil is made up of a mixture of hydrocarbons that can be turned into a wide variety of products. For example, very short chains of one to four carbons form the petroleum gases known as methane, ethane, propane, and butane.
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Then, the water circulates through a system of pipes to the baseboard radiators. These systems are very durable and require very little maintenance, but they are slow to heat up. Depending on the system you select, they can be fueled by natural gas, propane, oil, or electricity.
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As the name implies, the station compresses the gas (increasing its pressure) thereby providing energy to move it through the pipeline. The compressor is driven by a motor fueled by some of the natural gas bled from the pipeline. Pipeline companies install compressor stations along a pipeline route.
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Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation. Crude oil is heated to vaporize the different hydrocarbons in a tank which is cool at the top and hot at the bottom. The vapours then rise and the different hydrocarbons condense at their specific boiling points, allowing them to be separated.
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Distillate fuel oils are distilled from crude oil. Gas oil refers to the process of distillation. The oil is heated, becomes a gas and then condenses. It differentiates distillates from residual oil.
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Unlike crude oil which is made through distillation, synthetic oil is made through a chemical process called the Fischer-Tropsch process. ... These raw materials are injected and blended with artificial chemical compounds that are absent in natural crude oil to create uniformly sized and weighed oil molecules.