where are benthic zone found?
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The benthic zone refers to the ecological zone located at the bottom of any marine or freshwater body, such as a river, ocean, lake or pond. The benthic zone includes the sediment surface. Benthic zones are found all across the world, wherever there is an appreciable water body.
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Using Benthic Invertebrates as Bioindicators. Benthic invertebrate communities are often used as indicators of aquatic ecosystem health because many species are sensitive to pollution and sudden changes in their environment. ... The EPT index is the proportion of the benthic invertebrate community belonging to these taxa.
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In an oceanic environment, the photic zone is the zone where light can be received, it's usually from 0 to 200 m deep, but this depth can be modified by the turbidity of the water. The aphotic zone is the zone where no light is received, it goes from 200 to the bottom of the sea.
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Although the oceanic zone comprises 90% of the ocean's area, the neritic zone has ~ 40 times more biomass than the oceanic zone. The greater abundance of biomass in coastal areas is due primarily to the abundance of phytoplankton in this zone.
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Lithogenous sediments are typically distributed along continental margins and in deep ocean. Also, turbidites are usually on abyssal plains and continental rises. Marine sediments can either be neritic or pelagic. Neritic deposits are coarse-grained and found on continental shelves and in shallow island waters.
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The abyssal zone is the layer of the ocean from 13,000 feet to the sea floor at 20,000 feet. The abyssal zone has no sunlight and extreme temperatures near freezing. It also has incredible pressure, up to 600 times that of the surface. Despite the harsh conditions, organisms still inhabit the abyssal zone.
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Most reefs are located between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, in the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, the Red Sea, and the Persian Gulf. Corals are also found farther from the equator in places where warm currents flow out of the tropics, such as in Florida and southern Japan.
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Habitat. Seahorses are mainly found in shallow tropical and temperate salt water throughout the world, from about 45°S to 45°N. They live in sheltered areas such as seagrass beds, estuaries, coral reefs, and mangroves. Four species are found in Pacific waters from North America to South America.
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The species is found in temperate waters around the world, from the coasts of Canada, Norway and Japan in the northern hemisphere to New Zealand and Chile in the southern hemisphere. Basking sharks can be seen in Irish waters throughout the year but are particularly noticeable in spring.
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Sea hares are found in sheltered coastal waters, usually where vegetation is thick. The depth of water where they can be found depends on whether they are adults or juveniles. Adults prefer shallow middle and lower tidal zones. Juveniles inhabit deeper waters to depths up to 18.3 m (60 ft).
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The abyssal zone or abyssopelagic zone is a layer of the pelagic zone of the ocean. "Abyss" derives from the Greek word ἄβυσσος, meaning bottomless. At depths of 3,000 to 6,000 metres (9,800 to 19,700 ft), this zone remains in perpetual darkness. It alone makes up over 83% of the ocean and covers 60% of the Earth.
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['swamps, marshes.', 'billabongs, lakes, lagoons.', 'saltmarshes, mudflats.', 'mangroves, coral reefs.', 'bogs, fens, and peatlands.']
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Although this zone may appear barren, it plays a vital role in the health of aquatic ecosystems. Tiny, microscopic benthic organisms live in this zone and act as a source of food for bottom feeding animals. Benthic organisms are very important as they are good indicators of water quality.
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Because most organisms need oxygen to live, few organisms can survive in hypoxic conditions. That is why these areas are called dead zones. Dead zones occur because of a process called eutrophication, which happens when a body of water gets too many nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen.
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The neritic zone is the nearshore ocean environment, that which occurs above the continental shelf and is often called the coastal waters. The oceanic zone, by far the most extensive, is all the rest of the ocean beyond the continental shelf.
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Polymetallic nodules are found in both shallow (e.g. the Baltic Sea) and deeper waters (e.g. the central Pacific), even in lakes, and are thought to have been a feature of the seas and oceans at least since the deep oceans oxidised in the Ediacaran period over 540 million years ago.
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They can easily survive in such extreme environment as sea vents releasing sulfide-rich gases, hot springs, or boiling mud around volcanoes. They are found in the depths of the ocean. They are found in these place also swamps, deep-sea waters, sewage treatment facilities, and even in the stomachs of cows.