1. what is copd and the pathophysiology of this disease?
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by poorly reversible airflow obstruction and an abnormal inflammatory response in the lungs. The latter represents the innate and adaptive immune responses to long term exposure to noxious particles and gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, commonly known as COPD, refers to a group of progressive lung diseases that cause increasing breathlessness. Emphysema is one of these diseases. It damages the air sacs in the lungs, making it progressively harder for the body to get the oxygen it needs.
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Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) COPD and pulmonary fibrosis are both chronic lung diseases that make it difficult for a person to breathe. However, these two diseases cause different kinds of damage to the lungs and have different causes. History of smoking causes the majority of COPD cases.
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But IPF and COPD cause different forms of physical damage to your lungs. In IPF, your lungs become scarred, stiff, and thick, and the progressive damage isn't reversible. In COPD, the airways and air sacs in your lungs become blocked, but you can control the symptoms even in advanced cases of the disease.
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COPD patients may be more susceptible to develop pneumonia based on their clinical characteristics such as having chronic bronchitis with persistent mucus production, and the presence of potential pathogenic bacteria in the airways, the presence of bacteria in the airway in stable COPD patients and increased numbers ...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Emphysema. COPD stands for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Emphysema is a form of COPD.
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What are the definitions? Airflow Obstruction: Both asthma and COPD are characterised by airflow obstruction. Airflow obstruction is defined as a reduced FEV1 and a reduced FEV1/FVC ratio, such that FEV1 is less than 80% of that predicted, and FEV1/FVC is less than 0.7.
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COPD is currently diagnosed by two numerical values that are assessed via spirometry: FEV1 and FVC. FEV1 is Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second, or the amount of air that can be blown out of the lungs in the first 1 second. FVC, or Forced Vital Capacity, refers to the total amount of air that a person can exhale.
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One main difference is that asthma typically causes attacks of wheezing and tightness in your chest. COPD symptoms are usually more constant and can include a cough that brings up phlegm.
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COPD. Asbestos exposure does not directly cause Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), but it can increase a person's risk of developing the condition. COPD may weaken the lungs, making a person more susceptible to additional asbestos-related diseases.
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There's currently no cure for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but treatment can help slow the progression of the condition and control the symptoms.
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Patients with COPD typically show a decrease in both FEV1 and FVC and also the decrease in bronchodilator response.
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A high WBC count is a related to poorer lung function and lower quality of life in COPD patients, especially in non-current smokers. Based on our result, the WBC count could potentially be used as a powerful prognostic biomarker for COPD patients.
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End-stage, or stage 4, COPD is the final stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most people reach it after years of living with the disease and the lung damage it causes. As a result, your quality of life is low. You'll have frequent exacerbations, or flares -- one of which could be fatal.
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For people with COPD, alcohol can increase the risk of lung problems, sleep disruptions, and allergies. While alcohol is not shown to greatly affect a person's COPD, large amounts of this drug can create a problem for people with this condition. Fortunately, COPD and alcoholism are both treatable conditions.
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Emphysema happens when the tiny sacs in your lungs (called alveoli) are damaged. Chronic bronchitis is when the tubes that carry air to your lungs (bronchial tubes) get inflamed. Smoking is the most common cause of those conditions (and COPD). Some people have asthma and COPD at the same time.
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COPD is characterized by decreased airflow over time, as well as inflammation of the tissues that line the airway. Asthma is usually considered a separate respiratory disease, but sometimes it's mistaken for COPD. The two have similar symptoms. These symptoms include chronic coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.