what is the difference between replication transcription and translation?
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Differences. DNA replication occurs in preparation for cell division, while transcription happens in preparation for protein translation. DNA replication is important for properly regulating the growth and division of cells. ... Transcription only occurs when a gene is turned on.
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During transcription, the RNA polymerase read the template DNA strand in the 3′→5′ direction, but the mRNA is formed in the 5′ to 3′ direction. The mRNA is single-stranded and therefore only contains three possible reading frames, of which only one is translated.
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Transcription and DNA replication both involve making copies of the DNA in a cell. Transcription copies the DNA into RNA, while replication makes another copy of DNA. ... Although DNA and RNA have some chemical similarities, each molecule performs different functions in living organisms.
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Difference Between Replication And Transcription. DNA replication is defined as the process involved in obtaining two daughter strands where each strand contains half of DNA double helix. ... Transcription, on the other hand, is the process of transferring genetic information from DNA to RNA.
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RNA is created by transcription, or making a copy of DNA. RNA polymerase is the protein that makes the copy of DNA. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is part of the ribosome, or protein builders, of the cell. Ribosomes are responsible for translation, or the process our cells use to make proteins.
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Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation. Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. It includes three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.
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DNA replication is the process of making new copies of DNA. Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied (transcribed) to RNA. ... DNA replication is important for properly regulating the growth and division of cells.
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Both processes occur in the cytoplasm in prokaryotes. The factor controlling these processes is RNA polymerase in transcription and ribosomes in translation. In transcription, this polymerase moves over the template strand of DNA, while in translation, the ribosome-tRNA complex moves over the mRNA strand.
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What are some differences between the replication of DNA and RNA viruses? DNA - Enter the host cell's nucleus where the viral DNA is replicated. RNA is produced which moves into the host cell cytoplasm where viral proteins are produced. Some viruses with DNA may integrate their viral DNA into the host's normal DNA.
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DNA Polymerase synthesizes a DNA strand and used in DNA replication while RNA Polymerase is used during transcription to synthesize the MRNA strand. In contrast with the DNA polymerase, RNA polymerases do not necessarily require the so called primer to start the process and they actually have no proofreading systems.
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DNA transcription produces a single-stranded RNA molecule that is complementary to one strand of DNA. Transcription, however, differs from DNA replication in several crucial ways. Unlike a newly formed DNA strand, the RNA strand does not remain hydrogen-bonded to the DNA template strand.
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Eukaryotic genes are split into exons and introns; in bacteria, genes are almost never split. 7. In eukaryotes, mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and then processed and exported to the cytoplasm; in bacteria, transcription and translation can take place simultaneously off the same piece of DNA.
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There is no such structure seen in prokaryotes. Another main difference between the two is that transcription and translation occurs simultaneously in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes the RNA is first transcribed in the nucleus and then translated in the cytoplasm.
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The cellular processes of DNA replication and transcription involve DNA and RNA synthesis, respectively. DNA synthesis uses dNTPs as substrates, while RNA synthesis uses NTPs as substrates. ... Nucleic acid synthesis is catalyzed by either DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase for DNA and RNA synthesis respectively.
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In bacteria, transcription and translation can occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm of the cell, whereas in eukaryotes transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
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Transcription copies the DNA into RNA, while replication makes another copy of DNA. Both processes involve the generation of a new molecule of nucleic acids, either DNA or RNA; however, the function of each process is very different, with one involved in gene expression and the other involved in cell division.
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Transcription vs. Translation. Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the code in the DNA is converted into a complementary RNA code. Translation is the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein.