what is sickle-cell disease in biology?
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Sickle cell disease is a group of disorders that affects hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells that delivers oxygen to cells throughout the body. People with this disease have atypical hemoglobin molecules called hemoglobin S, which can distort red blood cells into a sickle, or crescent, shape.
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Key points. Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder marked by defective hemoglobin. It inhibits the ability of hemoglobin in red blood cells to carry oxygen. Sickle cells tend to stick together, blocking small blood vessels causing painful and damaging complications.
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What Is Sickle Cell Trait? Sickle cell trait (SCT) is not a disease, but having it means that a person has inherited the sickle cell gene from one of his or her parents. People with SCT usually do not have any of the symptoms of sickle cell disease (SCD) and live a normal life.
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Sickle cell and thalassaemia are serious, inherited blood disorders that are passed on from parents to children through altered haemoglobin genes. They affect haemoglobin, a part of the blood that carries oxygen around the body. People who have these conditions will need specialist care throughout their lives.
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Sickle cell trait is an inherited blood disorder that affects 1 million to 3 million Americans and 8 to 10 percent of African Americans. Sickle cell trait can also affect Hispanics, South Asians, Caucasians from southern Europe, and people from Middle Eastern countries.
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A carrier of sickle cell is someone who carries the gene that causes sickle cell disease but does not have sickle cell disease themselves. It's also known as having the sickle cell trait.
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A genetic disease Sickle cell anemia results from a mutation in a gene called HBB, which contains the blueprint for cells to make part of a protein called hemoglobin. The hemoglobin protein is made up of two alpha chains and two beta chains. Each chain includes an iron-containing “heme” portion.
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Unlike sickle cell disease, a serious illness in which patients have two genes that cause the production of abnormal hemoglobin (the substance in red blood cells that helps carry oxygen), individuals with sickle cell trait carry only one defective gene and typically live normal lives.
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Sickle Cell Trait vs Sickle Cell Disease Genotypes. SCD is a complex genetic blood disorder that comprises multiple genotypes. These genotypes are characterized by a mutation in the β-globin gene that results in an abnormal hemoglobin variant called HbS.
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A sickle cell test is a simple blood test used to determine if you have sickle cell disease (SCD) or sickle cell trait. People with SCD have red blood cells (RBCs) that are abnormally shaped. Sickle cells are shaped like a crescent moon.
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SCD is a well-known genetic disorder that results in dramatic alteration and function of red blood cells (RBCs). Sickle RBCs can also obstruct the vasculature; activate leukocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells; and exacerbate inflammation.
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The signs and symptoms of sickle cell disease are caused by the sickling of red blood cells. When red blood cells sickle, they break down prematurely, which can lead to anemia. Anemia can cause shortness of breath, fatigue, and delayed growth and development in children.
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Sickle cell is a homogenous genetic anemia caused when an abnormal gene (hemoglobin S or HbS) causes the substitution of the amino acid valine, for another, glutamic acid (Amundsen et al., 1984).
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Sickle cell anaemia is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder. The leading causes of death in sickle cell diseases (SCD) are infection, pain episodes, acute chest syndrome and stroke [1, 2]. Death can be sudden and unexpected in sickle cell anaemia [1].
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Sickle cell disease is the name for a group of inherited health conditions that affect the red blood cells. The most serious type is called sickle cell anaemia. Sickle cell disease is particularly common in people with an African or Caribbean family background.
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Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States, affecting 70,000 to 80,000 Americans. The disease is estimated to occur in 1 in 500 African Americans and 1 in 1,000 to 1,400 Hispanic Americans.
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- Sickle Cell Disease. When the hemoglobin S gene is inherited from only one parent, and a normal hemoglobin gene—hemoglobin A—is inherited from the other, that person will have sickle cell trait. People who have sickle cell trait are generally healthy.