is aplastic anemia like leukemia?
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Individuals affected with acquired aplastic anemia are also at risk that it will evolve into another similar disorder known as myelodysplasia. In a minority of cases, acquired aplastic anemia may eventually develop leukemia.
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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is most common in children 2 to 8 years old. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) can happen at any age, but most cases happen in kids younger than 2 and teens. Chronic myelogenous leukemia is most common in teens. Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) affects infants and toddlers.
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In aplastic anemia, the patient has pancytopenia (i.e., leukopenia and thrombocytopenia) resulting in decrease of all formed elements. In contrast, pure red cell aplasia is characterized by reduction in red cells only.
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To diagnose aplastic anemia, your doctor will order tests to determine whether you have low numbers of cells in your bone marrow and blood. Treatments may include medicines to suppress your immune system, blood transfusions, or a blood and bone marrow transplant.
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Pathophysiology of thrombocytopenia in aplastic anemia Decreased hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell numbers and function, resulting in impaired megakaryocytopoiesis and insufficient mature platelet production, are the causes of thrombocytopenia.
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Classically, MDS has a hypercellular marrow – too many cells. In contrast, aplastic anemia has a hypocellular marrow, showing a very low number of cells. But there is a subset of MDS called hypocellular MDS.
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['Aplastic anemia.', 'Cancer.', 'Certain medications, such as antiretroviral drugs for HIV infection and chemotherapy drugs for cancer and other conditions.', 'Chronic kidney disease.', 'Cirrhosis.', "Hodgkin's lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease)"]
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Aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are rare and serious disorders that affect the bone marrow and blood. Bone marrow is the soft, spongelike tissue inside the bones. Bone marrow makes stem cells that develop into one of the three types of blood cells—red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets.
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Although the exact relationship among these disorders is unknown, researchers now believe that PNH arises from autoimmune bone marrow failure, which is the cause of most cases of acquired aplastic anemia and some cases of myelodysplasia. In rare cases, PNH may eventually develop into acute leukemia.
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Mild cases of aplastic anemia that do not have symptoms may not require treatment. As blood cell counts become lower and symptoms develop, blood and platelets are given through transfusions. Over time, transfusions may stop working, resulting in very low blood cell counts. This is a life-threatening condition.
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The sample is examined under a microscope to rule out other blood-related diseases. In aplastic anemia, bone marrow contains fewer blood cells than normal. Confirming a diagnosis of aplastic anemia requires a bone marrow biopsy.
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Aplastic anemia is a condition that occurs when your body stops producing enough new blood cells. The condition leaves you fatigued and more prone to infections and uncontrolled bleeding. A rare and serious condition, aplastic anemia can develop at any age.
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Blast phase In about two-thirds of cases, CML transforms into a disease resembling acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The remainder transforms into a disease resembling acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Occasionally, the blast cells are said to be undifferentiated or mixed.
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Since many cases of acquired aplastic anemia are believed to result from an individual's immune system mistakenly attacking bone marrow, suppressing the activity of the immune system often allows the bone marrow to recover and eventually to begin producing new blood cells.
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Although production of mature blood cells is seriously impaired in aplastic anemia, the few blood cells that mature and enter the bloodstream are normal. In MDS, a shortage of bone marrow stem cells usually does not occur, as it does in aplastic anemia. However, the stem cells are defective and do not mature normally.
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Acquired aplastic anemia is usually considered an autoimmune disease . Normally, your immune system attacks only foreign substances. When your immune system attacks your own body, you are said to have an autoimmune disease. Other autoimmune diseases include rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
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How Is It Treated? If your doctor can identify the cause of your aplastic anemia and get rid of that trigger, the condition may go away. But doctors can rarely pinpoint the exact cause. If your case isn't severe, you may not need treatment unless or until your blood count drops below a certain level.