is nadh the reduced form?
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NAD can exist in two forms: NAD+ and NADH. These two forms of NAD are known as a "redox couple," a term that is used to describe a reduced (the "red" in redox) and oxidized (the "ox" in redox) form of the same atom or molecule. ... For example, NADH can't do what NAD+ does, and vice versa.
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All of the electrons that enter the transport chain come from NADH and FADH 2​start subscript, 2, end subscript molecules produced during earlier stages of cellular respiration: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle.
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD+) are two cofactors that are involved in cellular respiration. They are responsible for accepting "high energy" electrons and carrying them ultimately to the electron transport chain where they are used to synthesize ATP molecules.
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Products of the Citric Acid Cycle Each turn of the cycle forms three NADH molecules and one FADH2 molecule. These carriers will connect with the last portion of aerobic respiration to produce ATP molecules.
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FADH2 and NADH are created from FAD and NAD+ through reduction-oxidation reactions in the Krebs cycle during respiration as seen below: ... As they are shuttled away, these two compounds are used to move electrons into the electron transport chain, the final stage of respiration.
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Both are electron carriers. NAD is reduced to NADH in the CItric Acid Cycle, and glycolysis and FAD are also reduced to FADH2. NADH is oxidized back to NAD+, and FADH2 is oxidized back to FAD. This stored energy can then be used to generate ATP, a cell's basic energy currency.
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You should be familiar with the energy carrier molecules used during cellular respiration: NADH and FADH2. Photosynthesis uses a different energy carrier, NADPH, but it functions in a comparable way. The lower energy form, NADP+, picks up a high energy electron and a proton and is converted to NADPH.
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A number of molecules can act as electron carriers in biological systems. In cellular respiration, there are two important electron carriers, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (abbreviated as NAD+ in its oxidized form) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (abbreviated as FAD in its oxidized form).
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During glycolysis, two hydrogen atoms are picked up by the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD).
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NADH is biologically ranked and identified as coenzyme 1, the coenzyme or cofactor needed for numerous enzymes that are involved in the cellular energy production.
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Some NAD is converted into the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); its chemistry largely parallels that of NAD, though predominantly its role is as a cofactor in anabolic metabolism.
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NAD+ and NADH: Two Sides of the Same Coin. NAD can exist in two forms: NAD+ and NADH. These two forms of NAD are known as a "redox couple," a term that is used to describe a reduced (the "red" in redox) and oxidized (the "ox" in redox) form of the same atom or molecule.
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In cellular respiration, there are two important electron carriers, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (abbreviated as NAD+ in its oxidized form) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (abbreviated as FAD in its oxidized form). ... NAD+ accepts a hydrogen ion (H+) and two electrons (2e−), as it becomes reduced to NADH + H+.
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2.5 ATP/NADH and 1.5 ATP/FADH2 are produced in the electron transport chain. Some resources will say 3 ATP/NADH and 2 ATP/FADH2, but these values are generally less accepted now.
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Flavin adenine dinucleotide, or FADH2, is a redox cofactor that is created during the Krebs cycle and utilized during the last part of respiration, the electron transport chain. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, or NADH, is a similar compound used more actively in the electron transport chain as well.
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The Role of NADH in Glycolysis. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( NAD ) serves as an electron acceptor in the metabolic pathway known as glycolysis . When NAD accepts its electrons it also acquires a proton (H + ) and is converted into NADH. NADH is a reduced electron carrier.
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Function. Ferredoxin: NADP+ reductase is the last enzyme in the transfer of electrons during photosynthesis from photosystem I to NADPH. The NADPH is then used as a reducing equivalent in the reactions of the Calvin cycle.