what is the calvin cycle in photosynthesis?
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Key Points. The Calvin cycle refers to the light-independent reactions in photosynthesis that take place in three key steps. Although the Calvin Cycle is not directly dependent on light, it is indirectly dependent on light since the necessary energy carriers (ATP and NADPH) are products of light-dependent reactions.
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1: The two stages of photosynthesis: Photosynthesis takes place in two stages: light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions). Light-dependent reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membrane, use light energy to make ATP and NADPH.
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The light-independent reactions of the Calvin cycle can be organized into three basic stages: fixation, reduction, and regeneration. Figure: The Calvin Cycle: The Calvin cycle has three stages. In stage 1, the enzyme RuBisCO incorporates carbon dioxide into an organic molecule, 3-PGA.
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5.12C: The Calvin Cycle. The Calvin cycle is organized into three basic stages: fixation, reduction, and regeneration.
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Photosynthesis in Prokaryotes. The two parts of photosynthesis—the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle—have been described, as they take place in chloroplasts. However, prokaryotes, such as cyanobacteria, lack membrane-bound organelles (including chloroplasts). ... Some prokaryotes can perform photosynthesis.
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In the light-independent reactions or Calvin cycle, the energized electrons from the light-dependent reactions provide the energy to form carbohydrates from carbon dioxide molecules. The light-independent reactions are sometimes called the Calvin cycle because of the cyclical nature of the process.
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NADP is the reducing agent produced by the light reactions of photosynthesis and is consumed in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis and used in many other anabolic reactions in both plants and animals.
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The three events that occur during the process of photosynthesis are: (i) Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll. (ii) Conversion of light energy to chemical energy and splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. (iii) Reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates.
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With each turn of the Calvin cycle, there are chemical inputs and outputs. The inputs are carbon dioxide from the air and the ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions. The Calvin cycle uses carbon from the carbon dioxide, energy from the ATP, and high-energy electrons and hydrogen ions from the NADPH.
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Summary of Stage II The Calvin cycle takes over where the light reactions end. It uses chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH (from the light reactions) and carbon dioxide from the air to produce glucose, the molecule that virtually all organisms use for food.
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Photosynthesis and aerobic respiration are both part of a cyclic process of biochemical reactions. Photosynthesis requires the products of aerobic respiration (carbon dioxide and water), while aerobic respiration requires the products of photosynthesis (glucose and oxygen).
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The ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions power sugar synthesis in the Calvin cycle. ... Thus, the Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to convert three molecules of CO2 to one molecule of a 3-carbon sugar. The plant can then use this small sugar to make larger sugars such as glucose and many other organic compounds.
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The Calvin cycle is organized into three basic stages: fixation, reduction, and regeneration.
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Photorespiration (also known as the oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle, or C2 photosynthesis) refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP, wasting some of the energy produced by photosynthesis.
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Terms in this set (9) -The calvin cycle use ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to produce high-energy sugars. Two of the twelve 3- carbon molecules are removed from the cycle. The molecules are used to produce sugars, lipids, amino acids, and other compounds.
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Photosynthesis takes place in two sequential stages: The light-dependent reactions; The light-independent reactions, or Calvin Cycle.
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The Calvin cycle has four main steps: carbon fixation, reduction phase, carbohydrate formation, and regeneration phase. Energy to fuel chemical reactions in this sugar-generating process is provided by ATP and NADPH, chemical compounds which contain the energy plants have captured from sunlight.