does sickle cell anemia affect certain populations more than others?
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Risk Factors Sickle cell disease is more common in certain ethnic groups, including: People of African descent, including African-Americans (among whom 1 in 12 carries a sickle cell gene) Hispanic-Americans from Central and South America. People of Middle Eastern, Asian, Indian, and Mediterranean descent.
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Sickle cells that block blood flow to organs deprive the affected organs of blood and oxygen. In sickle cell anemia, blood is also chronically low in oxygen. This lack of oxygen-rich blood can damage nerves and organs, including your kidneys, liver and spleen, and can be fatal.
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Most of these studies focused on inbreeding among individuals who live in the abovementioned countries, and they show that inbreeding spreads the impact of diseases such as thalassemia (trait and disease), sickle cell anemia (trait and disease) and G6PD.
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A study has found that levels of hemoglobin A1C — a biomarker frequently used to diagnose and manage diabetes — are significantly lower in African-Americans with sickle cell trait, compared to those without.
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People with two copies of the mutated gene have sickle-cell anemia. ... People with one copy of the mutated gene have both healthy and misshapen red blood cells and are carriers of the disease.
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- Sickle Cell Disease. When the hemoglobin S gene is inherited from only one parent, and a normal hemoglobin gene—hemoglobin A—is inherited from the other, that person will have sickle cell trait. People who have sickle cell trait are generally healthy.
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Currently, approximately 250 million people worldwide carry the gene responsible for sickle cell disease and other hemoglobin diseases. Each year about 300,000 infants are born with a major hemoglobin disease worldwide. In the United States, about 1 in every 500 African Americans are born with the disease.
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On the other hand, patients who are homozygous for the sickle gene and therefore suffer from sickle cell anaemia (SCA) are highly susceptible to the lethal effects of malaria.
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There are several types of sickle cell disease. The most common are: Sickle Cell Anemia (SS), Sickle Hemoglobin-C Disease (SC), Sickle Beta-Plus Thalassemia and Sickle Beta-Zero Thalassemia.
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A case study of the effects of mutation: Sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease with severe symptoms, including pain and anemia. The disease is caused by a mutated version of the gene that helps make hemoglobin — a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells.
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Sickle cell disease effects fertility in both males and females, but more often in males than in females. This is likely because of the delay in puberty (sexual maturation), priapism, and primary gonad dysfunction.
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Did you know? Sickle cell disease occurs more often among people from parts of the world where malaria is or was common. It is believed that people who carry the sickle cell trait are less likely to have severe forms of malaria.
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In many cases a single gene may influence multiple characters. This is an example of pleiotropy. The direct effect of the sickle-cell allele is to make red blood cells produce abnormal hemoglobin proteins. In most cases, only people who are homozygous have sickle-cell disease, hence it is considered recessive.
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What is the difference between sickle cell trait and sickle cell disease? People with sickle cell trait carry only one copy of the altered hemoglobin gene and rarely have any clinical symptoms related to the disease. In contrast, people with sickle cell disease carry two copies of the altered hemoglobin gene.
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Any and all major organs are affected by sickle cell disease. The liver, heart, kidneys, gallbladder, eyes, bones, and joints can suffer damage from the abnormal function of the sickle cells and their inability to flow through the small blood vessels correctly.
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Sickle cell disease is the name for a group of inherited health conditions that affect the red blood cells. The most serious type is called sickle cell anaemia. Sickle cell disease is particularly common in people with an African or Caribbean family background.
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Sickle cell disease (SCD) is common throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa, affecting up to 3% of births in some parts of the continent. Nevertheless, it remains a low priority for many health ministries. The most common form of SCD is caused by homozygosity for the β-globin S gene mutation (SS disease).