Replace text with unicode character

@param string $str
@return string
437130
public function replaceText(string $str) : string
    {
    	foreach (Unicode::$char as $key => $value) {
    		if ($key === $str) {
    			$result = ((count($value) > 1) ? Unicode::$char[$key][random_int(0, count($value)-1)] : Unicode::$char[$key][0]);
    		}
    	}
    	
    	return $result ?? $str;
    }
20572
private function escapeValue(&$str): string
    {
        $search = [
            $this->symbRel,
            $this->sepComp,
            $this->sepData,
            $this->symbEnd,
        ];
        $replace = [
            $this->symbRel . $this->symbRel,
            $this->symbRel . $this->sepComp,
            $this->symbRel . $this->sepData,
            $this->symbRel . $this->symbEnd,
        ];

        return \str_replace($search, $replace, $str);
    }
280830
public static function encodingWithUtf8($str)
    {
        $cur_encoding = mb_detect_encoding($str);
        if ($cur_encoding == "UTF-8" && mb_check_encoding($str, "UTF-8")) {
            return $str;
        } else {
            return utf8_encode($str);
        }
    }
82265
private function _strtoupper($str)
    {
        $str = html_entity_decode($str, ENT_COMPAT);

        if (function_exists('mb_strtoupper')) {
            $str = mb_strtoupper($str, 'UTF-8');
        } else {
            $str = strtoupper($str);
        }

        $str = htmlspecialchars($str, ENT_COMPAT);

        return $str;
    }
72984
public static function toString($str){
		$str = strtoupper($str);

		// csSave actually has to be able to consider extra characters
		if(self::$charset === Base32Characters::CROCKFORD){
			$str = str_replace('O', '0', $str);
			$str = str_replace(['I', 'L'], '1', $str);
		}

		return self::bin2str(self::toBin($str));
	}
430823
public function ascii($str, $allow_non_ascii = false)
	{
		// Translate unicode characters to their simpler counterparts
		$this->config->load('ascii', true);
		$foreign_characters = $this->config->get('ascii');

		$str = preg_replace(array_keys($foreign_characters), array_values($foreign_characters), $str);

		if ( ! $allow_non_ascii)
		{
			return preg_replace('/[^\x09\x0A\x0D\x20-\x7E]/', '', $str);
		}

		return $str;
	}
1354471
private function _repack_utf7(string $str): string
    {
        return (string) \preg_replace_callback(
            '#\+([\\p{L}0-9]+)\-#ui',
            function ($matches) {
                return $this->_repack_utf7_callback($matches);
            },
            $str
        );
    }
1143256
protected static function _intlToAscii($str)
    {
        if (class_exists('Transliterator')) {
            if (!isset(self::$_transliterator)) {
                self::$_transliterator = Transliterator::create(
                    'Any-Latin; Latin-ASCII'
                );
            }

            if (!is_null(self::$_transliterator)) {
                /* Returns false on error. */
                return self::$_transliterator->transliterate($str);
            }
        }

        return false;
    }
730463
public static function transliterateStr($str)
    {
        /**
         * Transliterated sets
         * $a = array('À', 'Á', 'Â', 'Ã', 'Ä', 'Å', 'Æ', 'Ç', 'È', 'É', 'Ê', 'Ë', 'Ì', 'Í', 'Î', 'Ï', 'Ð', 'Ñ', 'Ò', 'Ó', 'Ô', 'Õ', 'Ö', 'Ø', 'Ù', 'Ú', 'Û', 'Ü', 'Ý', 'ß', 'à', 'á', 'â', 'ã', 'ä', 'å', 'æ', 'ç', 'è', 'é', 'ê', 'ë', 'ì', 'í', 'î', 'ï', 'ñ', 'ò', 'ó', 'ô', 'õ', 'ö', 'ø', 'ù', 'ú', 'û', 'ü', 'ý', 'ÿ', 'Ā', 'ā', 'Ă', 'ă', 'Ą', 'ą', 'Ć', 'ć', 'Ĉ', 'ĉ', 'Ċ', 'ċ', 'Č', 'č', 'Ď', 'ď', 'Đ', 'đ', 'Ē', 'ē', 'Ĕ', 'ĕ', 'Ė', 'ė', 'Ę', 'ę', 'Ě', 'ě', 'Ĝ', 'ĝ', 'Ğ', 'ğ', 'Ġ', 'ġ', 'Ģ', 'ģ', 'Ĥ', 'ĥ', 'Ħ', 'ħ', 'Ĩ', 'ĩ', 'Ī', 'ī', 'Ĭ', 'ĭ', 'Į', 'į', 'İ', 'ı', 'Ĳ', 'ĳ', 'Ĵ', 'ĵ', 'Ķ', 'ķ', 'Ĺ', 'ĺ', 'Ļ', 'ļ', 'Ľ', 'ľ', 'Ŀ', 'ŀ', 'Ł', 'ł', 'Ń', 'ń', 'Ņ', 'ņ', 'Ň', 'ň', 'ŉ', 'Ō', 'ō', 'Ŏ', 'ŏ', 'Ő', 'ő', 'Œ', 'œ', 'Ŕ', 'ŕ', 'Ŗ', 'ŗ', 'Ř', 'ř', 'Ś', 'ś', 'Ŝ', 'ŝ', 'Ş', 'ş', 'Š', 'š', 'Ţ', 'ţ', 'Ť', 'ť', 'Ŧ', 'ŧ', 'Ũ', 'ũ', 'Ū', 'ū', 'Ŭ', 'ŭ', 'Ů', 'ů', 'Ű', 'ű', 'Ų', 'ų', 'Ŵ', 'ŵ', 'Ŷ', 'ŷ', 'Ÿ', 'Ź', 'ź', 'Ż', 'ż', 'Ž', 'ž', 'ſ', 'ƒ', 'Ơ', 'ơ', 'Ư', 'ư', 'Ǎ', 'ǎ', 'Ǐ', 'ǐ', 'Ǒ', 'ǒ', 'Ǔ', 'ǔ', 'Ǖ', 'ǖ', 'Ǘ', 'ǘ', 'Ǚ', 'ǚ', 'Ǜ', 'ǜ', 'Ǻ', 'ǻ', 'Ǽ', 'ǽ', 'Ǿ', 'ǿ');
         * $b = array('A', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'AE', 'C', 'E', 'E', 'E', 'E', 'I', 'I', 'I', 'I', 'D', 'N', 'O', 'O', 'O', 'O', 'O', 'O', 'U', 'U', 'U', 'U', 'Y', 's', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'ae', 'c', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'i', 'i', 'i', 'i', 'n', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'y', 'y', 'A', 'a', 'A', 'a', 'A', 'a', 'C', 'c', 'C', 'c', 'C', 'c', 'C', 'c', 'D', 'd', 'D', 'd', 'E', 'e', 'E', 'e', 'E', 'e', 'E', 'e', 'E', 'e', 'G', 'g', 'G', 'g', 'G', 'g', 'G', 'g', 'H', 'h', 'H', 'h', 'I', 'i', 'I', 'i', 'I', 'i', 'I', 'i', 'I', 'i', 'IJ', 'ij', 'J', 'j', 'K', 'k', 'L', 'l', 'L', 'l', 'L', 'l', 'L', 'l', 'l', 'l', 'N', 'n', 'N', 'n', 'N', 'n', 'n', 'O', 'o', 'O', 'o', 'O', 'o', 'OE', 'oe', 'R', 'r', 'R', 'r', 'R', 'r', 'S', 's', 'S', 's', 'S', 's', 'S', 's', 'T', 't', 'T', 't', 'T', 't', 'U', 'u', 'U', 'u', 'U', 'u', 'U', 'u', 'U', 'u', 'U', 'u', 'W', 'w', 'Y', 'y', 'Y', 'Z', 'z', 'Z', 'z', 'Z', 'z', 's', 'f', 'O', 'o', 'U', 'u', 'A', 'a', 'I', 'i', 'O', 'o', 'U', 'u', 'U', 'u', 'U', 'u', 'U', 'u', 'U', 'u', 'A', 'a', 'AE', 'ae', 'O', 'o');
         */
        $rule = 'Any-Latin; Latin-ASCII;';
        $transliterator = \Transliterator::create($rule);

        return $transliterator->transliterate($str);
    }
302097
public static function translitIt(string $str) : string
    {
        $patern = [

            // Latin
            'À'=>'A', 'Á'=>'A', 'Â'=>'A', 'Ã'=>'A', 'Ä'=>'A', 'Å'=>'A', 'Æ'=>'AE', 'Ç'=>'C',
            'È'=>'E', 'É'=>'E', 'Ê'=>'E', 'Ë'=>'E', 'Ì'=>'I', 'Í'=>'I', 'Î'=>'I', 'Ï'=>'I',
            'Ð'=>'D', 'Ñ'=>'N', 'Ò'=>'O', 'Ó'=>'O', 'Ô'=>'O', 'Õ'=>'O', 'Ö'=>'O', 'Ő'=>'O',
            'Ø'=>'O', 'Ù'=>'U', 'Ú'=>'U', 'Û'=>'U', 'Ü'=>'U', 'Ű'=>'U', 'Ý'=>'Y', 'Þ'=>'TH',
            'ß'=>'ss',
            'à'=>'a', 'á'=>'a', 'â'=>'a', 'ã'=>'a', 'ä'=>'a', 'å'=>'a', 'æ'=>'ae', 'ç'=>'c',
            'è'=>'e', 'é'=>'e', 'ê'=>'e', 'ë'=>'e', 'ì'=>'i', 'í'=>'i', 'î'=>'i', 'ï'=>'i',
            'ð'=>'d', 'ñ'=>'n', 'ò'=>'o', 'ó'=>'o', 'ô'=>'o', 'õ'=>'o', 'ö'=>'o', 'ő'=>'o',
            'ø'=>'o', 'ù'=>'u', 'ú'=>'u', 'û'=>'u', 'ü'=>'u', 'ű'=>'u', 'ý'=>'y', 'þ'=>'th',
            'ÿ'=>'y',

            // Latin symbols
            '©'=>'(c)',

            // Greek
            'Α'=>'A', 'Β'=>'B', 'Γ'=>'G', 'Δ'=>'D', 'Ε'=>'E', 'Ζ'=>'Z', 'Η'=>'H', 'Θ'=>'8',
            'Ι'=>'I', 'Κ'=>'K', 'Λ'=>'L', 'Μ'=>'M', 'Ν'=>'N', 'Ξ'=>'3', 'Ο'=>'O', 'Π'=>'P',
            'Ρ'=>'R', 'Σ'=>'S', 'Τ'=>'T', 'Υ'=>'Y', 'Φ'=>'F', 'Χ'=>'X', 'Ψ'=>'PS', 'Ω'=>'W',
            'Ά'=>'A', 'Έ'=>'E', 'Ί'=>'I', 'Ό'=>'O', 'Ύ'=>'Y', 'Ή'=>'H', 'Ώ'=>'W', 'Ϊ'=>'I',
            'Ϋ'=>'Y',
            'α'=>'a', 'β'=>'b', 'γ'=>'g', 'δ'=>'d', 'ε'=>'e', 'ζ'=>'z', 'η'=>'h', 'θ'=>'8',
            'ι'=>'i', 'κ'=>'k', 'λ'=>'l', 'μ'=>'m', 'ν'=>'n', 'ξ'=>'3', 'ο'=>'o', 'π'=>'p',
            'ρ'=>'r', 'σ'=>'s', 'τ'=>'t', 'υ'=>'y', 'φ'=>'f', 'χ'=>'x', 'ψ'=>'ps', 'ω'=>'w',
            'ά'=>'a', 'έ'=>'e', 'ί'=>'i', 'ό'=>'o', 'ύ'=>'y', 'ή'=>'h', 'ώ'=>'w', 'ς'=>'s',
            'ϊ'=>'i', 'ΰ'=>'y', 'ϋ'=>'y', 'ΐ'=>'i',

            // Turkish
            'Ş'=>'S', 'İ'=>'I', 'Ç'=>'C', 'Ü'=>'U', 'Ö'=>'O', 'Ğ'=>'G',
            'ş'=>'s', 'ı'=>'i', 'ç'=>'c', 'ü'=>'u', 'ö'=>'o', 'ğ'=>'g',

            // Russian
            'А'=>'A', 'Б'=>'B', 'В'=>'V', 'Г'=>'G', 'Д'=>'D', 'Е'=>'E', 'Ё'=>'Yo', 'Ж'=>'Zh',
            'З'=>'Z', 'И'=>'I', 'Й'=>'J', 'К'=>'K', 'Л'=>'L', 'М'=>'M', 'Н'=>'N', 'О'=>'O',
            'П'=>'P', 'Р'=>'R', 'С'=>'S', 'Т'=>'T', 'У'=>'U', 'Ф'=>'F', 'Х'=>'H', 'Ц'=>'C',
            'Ч'=>'Ch', 'Ш'=>'Sh', 'Щ'=>'Sh', 'Ъ'=>'', 'Ы'=>'Y', 'Ь'=>'', 'Э'=>'E', 'Ю'=>'Yu',
            'Я'=>'Ya',
            'а'=>'a', 'б'=>'b', 'в'=>'v', 'г'=>'g', 'д'=>'d', 'е'=>'e', 'ё'=>'yo', 'ж'=>'zh',
            'з'=>'z', 'и'=>'i', 'й'=>'j', 'к'=>'k', 'л'=>'l', 'м'=>'m', 'н'=>'n', 'о'=>'o',
            'п'=>'p', 'р'=>'r', 'с'=>'s', 'т'=>'t', 'у'=>'u', 'ф'=>'f', 'х'=>'h', 'ц'=>'c',
            'ч'=>'ch', 'ш'=>'sh', 'щ'=>'sh', 'ъ'=>'', 'ы'=>'y', 'ь'=>'', 'э'=>'e', 'ю'=>'yu',
            'я'=>'ya',

            // Bulgarian
            'А'=>'A', 'Б'=>'B', 'В'=>'V', 'Г'=>'G', 'Д'=>'D', 'Е'=>'E', 'Ж'=>'Zh', 'З'=>'Z',
            'И'=>'I', 'Й'=>'J', 'К'=>'K', 'Л'=>'L', 'М'=>'M', 'Н'=>'N', 'О'=>'O', 'П'=>'P',
            'Р'=>'R', 'С'=>'S', 'Т'=>'T', 'У'=>'U', 'Ф'=>'F', 'Х'=>'H', 'Ц'=>'C', 'Ч'=>'Ch',
            'Ш'=>'Sh', 'Щ'=>'Sh', 'Ъ'=>'',	'Ь'=>'J','Ю'=>'Yu','Я'=>'Ya',
            'а'=>'a', 'б'=>'b', 'в'=>'v', 'г'=>'g', 'д'=>'d', 'е'=>'e', 'ж'=>'zh','з'=>'z',
            'и'=>'i', 'й'=>'j', 'к'=>'k', 'л'=>'l', 'м'=>'m', 'н'=>'n', 'о'=>'o','п'=>'p',
            'р'=>'r', 'с'=>'s', 'т'=>'t', 'у'=>'u', 'ф'=>'f', 'х'=>'h', 'ц'=>'c', 'ч'=>'ch',
            'ш'=>'sh', 'щ'=>'sh', 'ъ'=>'', 'ь'=>'j', 'ю'=>'yu', 'я'=>'ya',

            // Ukrainian
            'Є'=>'Ye', 'І'=>'I', 'Ї'=>'Yi', 'Ґ'=>'G',
            'є'=>'ye', 'і'=>'i', 'ї'=>'yi', 'ґ'=>'g',

            // Czech
            'Č'=>'C', 'Ď'=>'D', 'Ě'=>'E', 'Ň'=>'N', 'Ř'=>'R', 'Š'=>'S', 'Ť'=>'T', 'Ů'=>'U',
            'Ž'=>'Z',
            'č'=>'c', 'ď'=>'d', 'ě'=>'e', 'ň'=>'n', 'ř'=>'r', 'š'=>'s', 'ť'=>'t', 'ů'=>'u',
            'ž'=>'z',

            // Polish
            'Ą'=>'A', 'Ć'=>'C', 'Ę'=>'e', 'Ł'=>'L', 'Ń'=>'N', 'Ó'=>'o', 'Ś'=>'S', 'Ź'=>'Z',
            'Ż'=>'Z',
            'ą'=>'a', 'ć'=>'c', 'ę'=>'e', 'ł'=>'l', 'ń'=>'n', 'ó'=>'o', 'ś'=>'s', 'ź'=>'z',
            'ż'=>'z',

            // Latvian
            'Ā'=>'A', 'Č'=>'C', 'Ē'=>'E', 'Ģ'=>'G', 'Ī'=>'i', 'Ķ'=>'k', 'Ļ'=>'L', 'Ņ'=>'N',
            'Š'=>'S', 'Ū'=>'u', 'Ž'=>'Z',
            'ā'=>'a', 'č'=>'c', 'ē'=>'e', 'ģ'=>'g', 'ī'=>'i', 'ķ'=>'k', 'ļ'=>'l', 'ņ'=>'n',
            'š'=>'s', 'ū'=>'u', 'ž'=>'z'
        ];

        return strtr($str, $patern);
    }
1110372
public static function toAscii(string $str) : string
    {
        $clean = preg_replace('/[^a-zA-Z0-9\.\/_|+ -]/', '', $str);
        $clean = strtolower(trim($clean, '-'));
        $clean = preg_replace('/[\/_|+ -]+/', '-', $clean);

        return $clean;
    }
1279230
public static function makeHTMLString($str)
    {

        $str = trim($str);
        $str = htmlspecialchars($str, ENT_COMPAT, 'utf-8');

        return nl2br($str);
    }
741815
function clean_string($str)
	{
		if ($this->_is_ascii($str) === FALSE)
		{
			$str = @iconv('UTF-8', 'UTF-8//IGNORE', $str);
		}

		return $str;
	}
588530
public static function ucPhrase($str): string
    {
        $str = mb_strtolower(self::cleanPhrase($str), self::ENCODING);
        $names = explode(' ', $str);
        array_walk($names, 'self::ucFirstTouch');
        $names = explode('-', implode(' ', $names));
        array_walk($names, 'self::ucFirstTouch');
        return implode('-', $names);
    }
652793
private function _out_string_encoding( &$str )
     {
        $rsc = $this->_source_result_charset();
        if( $rsc==1 ) {
            $rsstr = iconv(UCS2, 'utf-8', $str);
        }
        else if( $rsc==2 ) {
            $rsstr = iconv('utf-8', 'gb18030', iconv(UCS2, 'utf-8', $str) );
        }
        else{
            $rsstr = iconv('utf-8', 'big5', iconv(UCS2, 'utf-8', $str) );
        }
        return $rsstr;
     }
776995
private static function str_replace($s,$r,$str)
    {
        if(!is_array($s)){
            $s = '!'.preg_quote($s,'!').'!u';
        }else{
            foreach ($s as $k => $v) {
                $s[$k] = '!'.preg_quote($v).'!u';
            }
        }
        return preg_replace($s,$r,$str);
    }
562891
public static function transliterateToASCII($str)
    {
        $str = mb_convert_encoding((string) $str, 'UTF-8', mb_list_encodings());

        $char_map = array(
            // Latin
            'À' => 'A', 'Á' => 'A', 'Â' => 'A', 'Ã' => 'A', 'Ä' => 'A', 'Å' => 'A', 'Æ' => 'AE', 'Ç' => 'C',
            'È' => 'E', 'É' => 'E', 'Ê' => 'E', 'Ë' => 'E', 'Ì' => 'I', 'Í' => 'I', 'Î' => 'I', 'Ï' => 'I',
            'Ð' => 'D', 'Ñ' => 'N', 'Ò' => 'O', 'Ó' => 'O', 'Ô' => 'O', 'Õ' => 'O', 'Ö' => 'O', 'Ő' => 'O',
            'Ø' => 'O', 'Ù' => 'U', 'Ú' => 'U', 'Û' => 'U', 'Ü' => 'U', 'Ű' => 'U', 'Ý' => 'Y', 'Þ' => 'TH',
            'ß' => 'ss',
            'à' => 'a', 'á' => 'a', 'â' => 'a', 'ã' => 'a', 'ä' => 'a', 'å' => 'a', 'æ' => 'ae', 'ç' => 'c',
            'è' => 'e', 'é' => 'e', 'ê' => 'e', 'ë' => 'e', 'ì' => 'i', 'í' => 'i', 'î' => 'i', 'ï' => 'i',
            'ð' => 'd', 'ñ' => 'n', 'ò' => 'o', 'ó' => 'o', 'ô' => 'o', 'õ' => 'o', 'ö' => 'o', 'ő' => 'o',
            'ø' => 'o', 'ù' => 'u', 'ú' => 'u', 'û' => 'u', 'ü' => 'u', 'ű' => 'u', 'ý' => 'y', 'þ' => 'th',
            'ÿ' => 'y',
            // Latin symbols
            '©' => '(c)',
            // Greek
            'Α' => 'A', 'Β' => 'B', 'Γ' => 'G', 'Δ' => 'D', 'Ε' => 'E', 'Ζ' => 'Z', 'Η' => 'H', 'Θ' => '8',
            'Ι' => 'I', 'Κ' => 'K', 'Λ' => 'L', 'Μ' => 'M', 'Ν' => 'N', 'Ξ' => '3', 'Ο' => 'O', 'Π' => 'P',
            'Ρ' => 'R', 'Σ' => 'S', 'Τ' => 'T', 'Υ' => 'Y', 'Φ' => 'F', 'Χ' => 'X', 'Ψ' => 'PS', 'Ω' => 'W',
            'Ά' => 'A', 'Έ' => 'E', 'Ί' => 'I', 'Ό' => 'O', 'Ύ' => 'Y', 'Ή' => 'H', 'Ώ' => 'W', 'Ϊ' => 'I',
            'Ϋ' => 'Y',
            'α' => 'a', 'β' => 'b', 'γ' => 'g', 'δ' => 'd', 'ε' => 'e', 'ζ' => 'z', 'η' => 'h', 'θ' => '8',
            'ι' => 'i', 'κ' => 'k', 'λ' => 'l', 'μ' => 'm', 'ν' => 'n', 'ξ' => '3', 'ο' => 'o', 'π' => 'p',
            'ρ' => 'r', 'σ' => 's', 'τ' => 't', 'υ' => 'y', 'φ' => 'f', 'χ' => 'x', 'ψ' => 'ps', 'ω' => 'w',
            'ά' => 'a', 'έ' => 'e', 'ί' => 'i', 'ό' => 'o', 'ύ' => 'y', 'ή' => 'h', 'ώ' => 'w', 'ς' => 's',
            'ϊ' => 'i', 'ΰ' => 'y', 'ϋ' => 'y', 'ΐ' => 'i',
            // Turkish
            'Ş' => 'S', 'İ' => 'I', 'Ç' => 'C', 'Ü' => 'U', 'Ö' => 'O', 'Ğ' => 'G',
            'ş' => 's', 'ı' => 'i', 'ç' => 'c', 'ü' => 'u', 'ö' => 'o', 'ğ' => 'g',
            // Russian
            'А' => 'A', 'Б' => 'B', 'В' => 'V', 'Г' => 'G', 'Д' => 'D', 'Е' => 'E', 'Ё' => 'Yo', 'Ж' => 'Zh',
            'З' => 'Z', 'И' => 'I', 'Й' => 'J', 'К' => 'K', 'Л' => 'L', 'М' => 'M', 'Н' => 'N', 'О' => 'O',
            'П' => 'P', 'Р' => 'R', 'С' => 'S', 'Т' => 'T', 'У' => 'U', 'Ф' => 'F', 'Х' => 'H', 'Ц' => 'C',
            'Ч' => 'Ch', 'Ш' => 'Sh', 'Щ' => 'Sh', 'Ъ' => '', 'Ы' => 'Y', 'Ь' => '', 'Э' => 'E', 'Ю' => 'Yu',
            'Я' => 'Ya',
            'а' => 'a', 'б' => 'b', 'в' => 'v', 'г' => 'g', 'д' => 'd', 'е' => 'e', 'ё' => 'yo', 'ж' => 'zh',
            'з' => 'z', 'и' => 'i', 'й' => 'j', 'к' => 'k', 'л' => 'l', 'м' => 'm', 'н' => 'n', 'о' => 'o',
            'п' => 'p', 'р' => 'r', 'с' => 's', 'т' => 't', 'у' => 'u', 'ф' => 'f', 'х' => 'h', 'ц' => 'c',
            'ч' => 'ch', 'ш' => 'sh', 'щ' => 'sh', 'ъ' => '', 'ы' => 'y', 'ь' => '', 'э' => 'e', 'ю' => 'yu',
            'я' => 'ya',
            // Ukrainian
            'Є' => 'Ye', 'І' => 'I', 'Ї' => 'Yi', 'Ґ' => 'G',
            'є' => 'ye', 'і' => 'i', 'ї' => 'yi', 'ґ' => 'g',
            // Czech
            'Č' => 'C', 'Ď' => 'D', 'Ě' => 'E', 'Ň' => 'N', 'Ř' => 'R', 'Š' => 'S', 'Ť' => 'T', 'Ů' => 'U',
            'Ž' => 'Z',
            'č' => 'c', 'ď' => 'd', 'ě' => 'e', 'ň' => 'n', 'ř' => 'r', 'š' => 's', 'ť' => 't', 'ů' => 'u',
            'ž' => 'z',
            // Polish
            'Ą' => 'A', 'Ć' => 'C', 'Ę' => 'e', 'Ł' => 'L', 'Ń' => 'N', 'Ó' => 'o', 'Ś' => 'S', 'Ź' => 'Z',
            'Ż' => 'Z',
            'ą' => 'a', 'ć' => 'c', 'ę' => 'e', 'ł' => 'l', 'ń' => 'n', 'ó' => 'o', 'ś' => 's', 'ź' => 'z',
            'ż' => 'z',
            // Latvian
            'Ā' => 'A', 'Č' => 'C', 'Ē' => 'E', 'Ģ' => 'G', 'Ī' => 'i', 'Ķ' => 'k', 'Ļ' => 'L', 'Ņ' => 'N',
            'Š' => 'S', 'Ū' => 'u', 'Ž' => 'Z',
            'ā' => 'a', 'č' => 'c', 'ē' => 'e', 'ģ' => 'g', 'ī' => 'i', 'ķ' => 'k', 'ļ' => 'l', 'ņ' => 'n',
            'š' => 's', 'ū' => 'u', 'ž' => 'z'
        );
        
        return str_replace(array_keys($char_map), $char_map, $str);
    }