Metal-Free Catalyst Shielding Studied
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U.S. scientists say they've found a simple metal free catalyst that can shield a specific alcohol without modifying another nearby alcohol.
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Chemists unveil a type of material that could eventually help power plants generate electricity without emissions.
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In an advance that could lead to lighter spacecraft and smarter cars, researchers have developed a new technique for producing a high-quality semiconductor that&#39;s much more resistant to extreme conditions than the silicon found in most of today&#39;s
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In anticipation of Moore&#39;s Law becoming irrelevant in the next 10 to 20 years, the National Science Foundation (NSF) wants funding for research that could lead to a replacement for current silicon technology.The NSF last week requested $20 million from the U.S. government for fiscal 2009 to start the &quot;Science and Engineering Beyond Moore&#39;s Law&quot; effort, which would fund academic research on technologies, including carbon nanotubes, quantum computing, and massively multicore computers, that could improve and replace current transistor technology.Moore&#39;s Law states that the number of transistors that can be placed on silicon, and its attendant computational capability, doubles every 18 months.Human and economic progress in the U.S. over the past 20 years has depended on an increasing ability to do information processing and computing, said Michael Foster, division director of computing and communication foundations at NSF. &quot;If the current technological basis of that ends, we&#39;ve got to find some way to replace it, or we&#39;re going to stop moving forward.&quot;The traditional way to improve transistor performance is to decrease the thickness of the gate oxide, or insulator that separates one part of the transistor from the other. The looming barrier is that transistors will be shrunk as small as possible for them to still work effectively, after which they may need to be replaced or somehow improved on, Foster said.&quot;In the kind-of near future -- in 8 to 10 years -- we will have reduced that gate oxide thickness to the point where it will no longer act as an effective insulator,&quot; Foster said. &quot;I don&#39;t know of any other proposals to increase the performance of... [current] transistors, which is why we have to look at really radically new structures like transistors based on nanostructures.&quot;Carbon nanotubes could provide a way to create smaller transistors, Foster said. Transistor performance is correlated to transistor size -- the smaller a transistor, the better it performs. &quot;Carbon nanotubes give us the possibility of much smaller transistors than we can make right now,&quot; Foster said.Carbon nanotubes could also be used as interconnect on circuits, Foster said. Nanotubes could be placed one after another on a circuit, though it would require fault-tolerant architectures. That would require new research and improvements on chip architecture as well, Foster said. &quot;We think architecture is going to become an important component of any beyond-Moore&#39;s-Law topic,&quot; Foster said.Looking far ahead, quantum computing could be the next answer to delivering massive computing power, Foster said. Quantum computing uses matter -- atoms and molecules -- to process massive amounts of tasks at supercomputing speeds because basic data units, called qubits, hold both the values 0 and 1 simultaneously and share those values among all qubits. It is based on the laws of quantum mechanics, which look at interaction and behavior of matter on atomic and subatomic -- proton, neutron, and electron -- levels.&quot;The implementations we have so far will, for example, trap single ions at very cold temperatures and use those as qubits. That takes a room full of equipment to make a very small register. We clearly need progress there, but it&#39;s promising,&quot; Foster said.The idea behind quantum computing is that it provides inherent parallelism, so its development requires improvements in parallel programming, in which several computers work on the same program together, Foster said. Parallel programming has been researched since the 1970s, but progress has been slow, Foster said.&quot;We could continue to expand our IT abilities without necessarily expanding the capabilities in any one computer. But we need software research to understand how to coordinate the efforts of not just one or two computers, but thousands or millions of computers,&quot; Foster said. That poses a research problem as scientists have been trying to understand parallel programming for decades and haven&#39;t succeeded yet, Foster said.NSF is already doing research in nanotechnology, software, and architectural ideas that will contribute to the effort to develop chips that will continually improve computing power beyond Moore&#39;s Law.Ultimately, current transistors may be hard to replace, Foster said, so researchers may look to develop better architectures and chip designs that use current transistor technology to maintain the computing capability growth rate.&quot;It&#39;s not out of the question to me that we could build very large chips with thousands of cores on them -- I hesitate to go too much higher than that just because it will sound crazy -- but if we did that... we [could] use those things to get done the computing and information technology that we need to have done,&quot; Foster said.The $20 million budget request is modest compared to research budgets of companies like Intel and IBM. &quot;The funding is intended to help laboratories assist, not compete, with research from the private sector,&quot; Foster said. NSF will seed academic laboratories and industry associations like Semiconductor Research to conduct research, which in turn may work with commercial organizations. The commercial organizations may further invest in the research to drive it into mass production, Foster said.Expectations from the project are modest, Foster said. &quot;It&#39;s very early-stage research. Any expectations we have will probably not be accurate.&quot; However, it could lead to better fault-tolerant techniques to design and operate systems with small components in them, Foster said.
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A dense thin film of carbon nanotubes is transparent, electrically conductive and flexible -- key properties for making flexible displays.
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Nanoparticles can be activated by radio frequencies.
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Apparently, zirconia is a good material for any small device that needs to transmit radio frequency signals. From Crave, CNET's gadget blog.
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By Weiss, Peter  NANOTECHNOLOGY  A new, easy-to-fabricate sensor made from carbon nanotubes detects when automobile-engine oil needs replacement.  As a car is driven, its lubricating oil undergoes chemical reactions with air and with combustion by-products.
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A gel has been created which protects women from getting AIDS during sexual intercourse when the man does not wear a condom. The chemical blocks the route the AIDS virus takes when it invades the woman&#39;s body during sex.
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By Anonymous  Industrial Biotransformations, Second Edition Edited by A. Liese, K. Seelbach and C. Wandrey, Feb.
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Nanowires put more power in smaller packages, researcher reports.
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Combining a chemical chain reaction with the precise positioning of an atomic microscope opens a route to molecular electronics and nanostructures.
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Pierre-Alain Joye takes a look at building Cairo (a vector-based graphics library for PHP) on a Windows system.    While trying to get the cairo (and pimp) PHP binding ready to be released, I finally sit down and port Wez build cscript to cairo. It still needs some cleanup, a nice summary message but it works already. I tested it with Visual C++ Express Edition but it should work with other versions as well.   My next goal is to add the tests (nmake tests) and fix the nmake instal    He describes the process he went through to try to get things up and running, but is still having a few issues and has required a few tweaks to get it working. He also links to two resources: a ZIP of the development libraries and a ZIP ready to use package.
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(2nd para corrected)  Tokyo, Feb. 19 (Jiji Press)--Toshiba Corp.  has developed an environmentally friendly technology to strip semiconductor resist jointly with two other firms, the major electronics maker said Monday.  The two are Shibaura Mechatronics Corp.
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Scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory say they have developed a way to produce a truly carbon-neutral fuel using carbon dioxide removed from the air as the raw material.
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Editors: Shlomo Reifman and Samantha N. Wong Researchers: Joshua Brandt, Fei Mei Chan,  Andrew T. Gillies, Soo Jeong, Edward Knudsen,  Artie Kwok, John Ray and Jody Yen Programmer: Carl Subick
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By Swanson, John A  Take a look around. Much of what you see has, in some small or large way, been simulated on a computer prior to production. Numerical simulation helps build safe bridges, improve gas mileage, and guide the manufacture of plastic parts.