U.S. Immigration Could Spell Big Business
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The largest immigration boom in U.S.  history is expected to lift earnings at companies from discount  retailers to telecommunications providers, putting dollar signs  in the eyes of investors looking to cash in on the wave of  newcomers, mostly from Latin America and Asia.
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Senators are betting the U.S. would benefit from giving most illegal immigrants the chance to become American citizens &amp;#151; highlighting their resolve to pass a landmark immigration overhaul.
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Like politicians in Washington, Massachusetts business and labor leaders are finding plenty to gripe about in the proposed overhaul of America's immigration laws.
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The impact of the Green Card has been noted by the European Commission, which hopes to capitalize on its success
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The best chance to overhaul immigration this year  -  depends in large part on how effective the Congressional "Gang of 12" is in insulating the plan from major changes
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Key elements of the bipartisan immigration measure:
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The U.S. government is considering a substantial increase in the number of H-1B visas available to Indian professionals, Robert Blake, deputy chief of mission at the U.S. Embassy in Delhi reportedly told a meeting hosted by the Delhi-based Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India
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Opportunity beckons as never before, as immigrants expand the tastes of mainstream America.
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Some broad facts about the role of illegal immigrants in the economy seem to be emerging, and they may upset some preconceived notions.
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Facing case backlogs, administration to grant thousands of legal immigrants permanent status.
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The Story: Silicon Valley businesses have long argued that changes in the immigration laws are needed to ensure a continuing supply of highly skilled workers. The current limit of 65,000 under the standard H1-B visas is not enough, they say. (The quota was filled in less than a month in 2007.)[ Slideshow: 2007's top underreported tech stories ]                                                    But that number obscures an important fact: The real total of visas issued to highly skilled workers is closer to 400,000 annually, according to the federal Citizenship and Immigration Services (CIS) agency. And that, say some critics, may mean that the law is being abused.There are two reasons the number is so large.First, the H1-B visa cap has a built-in exemption that allows an additional 20,000 workers who have graduated from U.S. universities with an advanced degree (master?s or higher) to enter every year.Second ? and the biggest reason ? is the use of L-1 visas, which are granted to executives and workers with specialized skills employed by multinational companies. Because there is no cap on L-1 visas issued each year, the numbers have soared. In the last three years, an average of 315,000 L-1 visas have been issued each year.Unlike the H-1B visas, the L-1 visas are not intended to be a springboard to possible permanent residency and a coveted green card. In essence, the L-1s are intended to allow multinational companies to rotate staff across national borders, so they can transfer foreign managers and specialists within the company to U.S. offices for a limited period of time.But the vast number of workers admitted with L-1 visas has critics suspecting that companies ? Indian outsourcing firms in particular ?are using them as a back door to bring in lower-paid workers to do jobs that could be performed by Americans, rather than for the intended purposes of staff rotation."It's clear that foreign outsourcing firms are abusing the system, and we can't let that continue," Sen. Richard Durbin (D-Ill.) said earlier this year as Congress debated immigration reform. Here?s what upset him: According to immigration records, 14 of 20 companies whose employees were granted the most L-1 visas were offshore outsourcing firms, including Tata Consultancy, Satyam Computer Services, Wipro, and Infosys Technologies.Tata Consultancy obtained 4,887 L-1s in fiscal 2006 ? the most of any company ? and 3,601 in fiscal 2007, second only to Cognizant (4,869), a U.S.-based outsourcer with a major presence in India. "I find it hard to believe that any one company has that many individuals ? legitimately being transferred within a single year," Durbin said in Congress. (Tata declined to comment to InfoWorld, but a spokesman told BusinessWeek, "We're complying with the law and with the regulations. We want to work with Congress to address any issues they may have.")Infosys, Wipro, Satyam, Tata, and Cognizant also appear on the CIS?s top 10 list of companies obtaining H-1B visas for employees in fiscal 2007, along with Microsoft, Cisco, IBM, Motorola, and Intel. Those facts further raise critics? suspicions.Bob Meltzer, who heads the VisaNow firm that helps applicants obtain visas, says there?s a growing belief that the L-1s are being abused today, though he can?t tell if that belief is justified. He does note that the L-1s had been abused in the early 1990s in the manner that critics suspect is happening today.The Bottom Line: Immigration is a tough issue. And it?s even tougher when we don?t have all the facts, as is the case on employers? claims of labor shortages requiring more foreign hires and employees? claims of being replaced by foreign workers by companies looking to save a buck. When you?ve figured out the right balance, let the pols know what you think.Complete list of 2007's underreported stories: 1.? Java is becoming the new Cobol 2.? Sun Microsystems is back in the game 3.? Hackers take aim at Mac OS X 4.? There are some threats you can worry less about 5.? Companies may have found a way around H-1B visa limits 6.? Open source?s new commercial strategy 7.? End-to-end Ethernet finally arrives 8.? Blade servers arrive for the masses 9.? BI is dead; long live BI 10. Balance of power shifts to software buyers
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Viewpoint: The latest deal on immigration policy addresses some of the problems -- but won't change much
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(InfoWorld) - The immigration reform deal announced in the U.S. Senate last week is a work in progress with an uncertain future in both houses of Congress. And its H-1B provisions aren't making either proponents or critics of the visa program happy. If the bill resulting from the bipartisan agreement survives the legislative gantlet, it will effectively increase the annual H-1B cap to 135,000 visas beginning in the next federal fiscal year, which starts in October. That is based on a proposed increase in the cap for regular H-1B visas from 65,000 to 115,000, plus the continuation of 20,000 visas that go to applicants who have received advanced degrees from U.S. universities, according to some groups that have analyzed the proposed legislation. The measure also would provide some relief for companies that applied for H-1B visas for the next fiscal year but lose a selection lottery held by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. The USCIS received about 150,000 applications for the 65,000 regular visas on April 2, the first and only day that it accepted applications. A computer program will randomly generate a list of visa winners. But the Senate bill, if it reaches President Bush's desk as written, would apply to the 2008 fiscal year, enabling the USCIS to issue an additional 50,000 visas to applicants from this year's lottery pool. In addition, the proposal in the Senate would allow the new cap of 115,000 regular visas to quickly rise if it was reached during the first half of a fiscal year. If that happened, the cap would increase another 15 percent for that fiscal year and then an additional 15 percent for the subsequent year, although it couldn't go any higher than 180,000 visas annually. The legislation also incorporates some of the provisions included in an H-1B bill drafted earlier this year by Sens. Dick Durbin (D-Ill.) and Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa). For instance, no more than 50 percent of the U.S.-based employees at a company using H-1B workers can be visa holders. The proposed rule would apply that restriction to companies with 50 or more employees. That limit could have a substantial impact on India-based offshore services firms, many of which are heavy users of H-1B visas, said Charles Kuck, an immigration attorney and president-elect of the American Immigration Lawyers Association. If the offshore vendors have more than 50 percent of their employees in the U.S. working under visas, the Senate legislation's proposed limit would "disable them from using the [visa] program for some period of time," said Kuck. Companies that also use H-1B visas but employ large numbers of U.S workers, such as Microsoft, wouldn't be affected. But proposed changes in how green cards are awarded to foreign workers "is a much bigger problem" for IT vendors, said Kuck. The Senate bill would create a point system for issuing green cards based on the skills and education of the person seeking permanent residency. The current system is more market-driven because it allows employers to request green cards, more closely matching individual employees with needed skills. The Senate's bill "puts the U.S. government in charge of who can be employed in the United States," Kuck said. "As the bill stands now, I think it's pretty much a disaster for high-tech employers," said Stuart Anderson, executive director of the National Foundation for American Policy, during a conference call this week. The call was held to announce the release of a report arguing, among other things, that H-1B workers are helping the economy and aren't hurting U.S. programmers who enjoy low unemployment and high wages. But opponents of the H-1B program are dismayed over the proposed cap increase. John Miano, founder of the Summit, N.J.-based Programmers Guild, claims that H-1B workers are being used as a source of low-cost labor. Miano said studies done by his group have shown that the prevailing wage claims of companies with H-1B workers were about $16,000 less than actual prevailing wages. Ron Hira, an assistant professor of public policy at Rochester Institute of Technology in New York, thinks the H-1B program is discouraging students from entering high-tech fields and weakening the ability of the U.S. to innovate and even keep the military properly equipped. "I think the stakes are really pretty high here," Hira said. But many changes to the Senate bill are likely; in fact, the measure has already seen some. Last week, when initial drafts of the Senate bill surfaced, high-tech groups said that the 20,000-visa exemption for advanced degree holders had been removed from the legislation. But a later draft changed that, and the Compete America trade group, which represents high-tech organizations and other entities that support the H-1B program, says the exemption remains in the bill. Even if the bipartisan agreement shepherded by Sen. Edward Kennedy (D-Mass.) does get out of the Senate, it also must win approval in the House of Representatives, where it would face additional proposed changes. For instance, U.S. Rep. Bill Pascrell Jr. (D-N.J.), who in 2005 introduced a bill called the Defend the American Dream Act that sought to improve protections for U.S. workers threatened by offshoring, plans to introduce new legislation this year. "We're close, and we're working out the details," said Caley Gray, a spokesman for Pascrell.
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New feelings of insecurity in immigrant communities is helping fuel a rise in the number of legal immigrants seeking to become United States citizens.
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It has emerged as the pariah term in the immigration debate. But here's why legalizing aliens makes sense
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Foreign companies have created millions of jobs in the United States, far outpacing the amount of work that American businesses have shifted abroad, Labor Secretary Elaine Chao said Wednesday.
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Landmark legislation to secure U.S. borders and offer millions of illegal immigrants a share of the American dream cleared the Senate on Thursday, a rare election-year reach across party lines and a triumph for President Bush.