transportation
Are there countries where vehicles involved in an accident must move if they&#39;re blocking the flow of traffic?
<p>When driving in Europe, one can often notice traffic jams caused by car accidents where there's very minor damage to both parties and they could easily move out of the way, however the law mandates them both to stay put and wait for the police/insurance to collect evidence about the accident. This is understandable from the perspective of people involved in an accident as no one wants to see increased insurance premiums if they're not responsible, however this is sub-optimal for all the other drivers as the time wasted in the traffic jam far surpasses the total monetary cost of any small car crash.</p>
<p>Are there countries where this is different and drivers are obligated to move out of the way immediately if their car remains operable?</p>

<p>The <a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stvo_2013/StVO.pdf" rel="noreferrer">Straßenverkehrsordnung</a>(<a href="https://germanlawarchive.iuscomp.org/?p=1290" rel="noreferrer">Translation</a>) in <strong>Germany</strong> says this:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>§ 34 Accidents</p>
<p>(1) Any person involved in a traffic accident must:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>stop immediately;</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>take the necessary steps to ensure traffic safety and, if there is only minor damage, move their vehicle to the edge of the
carriageway</strong>;</p>
</li>
<li><p>ascertain the consequences of the accident;</p>
</li>
<li><p>assist injured persons (section 323c of the Penal Code);</p>
</li>
<li><p>to other persons present at the scene of the accident who were involved and have suffered damage:</p>
<p>a) state that they (i.e. the person referred to in the first clause) were involved in the accident; and</p>
<p>b) if requested to do so, provide their own name and address, present their own driving licence and vehicle registration document and, to the best of their knowledge, provide details of their third-party insurance;</p>
</li>
<li><p>a) remain at the scene of the accident until, by virtue of their own presence, it has been possible to identify their personal details, their vehicle and the nature of their involvement to the benefit of the other persons who were involved in and have suffered damage in the accident; or</p>
<p>b) wait for a reasonable length of time and leave their own name and address at the scene of the accident if nobody was prepared to perform the identification;</p>
</li>
<li><p>immediately facilitate subsequent identification if they have left the scene of the accident legitimately, after giving a plausible
excuse or upon expiration of the waiting time (paragraph 6(b)). For
this purpose, they must inform at least the persons referred to above
(paragraph 6(a)) or a nearby police station that they were involved in
the accident and must provide their own address, their present
whereabouts as well as the registration number and location of the
vehicle that was involved in the accident, which must be kept
available for immediate investigation for a reasonable length of time.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<p>For minor accidents (no injuries, no suspected criminal offence, no major disagreements between involved parties, ...) you do not have to call and wait for police (you have a right to call them but they might try to discourage you from requesting that they come to the scene). For normal traffic accidents insurance doesn't come and collect evidence at the scene, instead an appraiser will document damage to your car and look at statements and witness reports and other documentation. You can just exchange all necessary information with the other party/ies and then leave with your car (possibly using a towing service).</p>
<p>However, OP might refer to the specific case of an accident with a rented car. In that case, the contract with the rental service often mandates that you call police and request an official police documentation and report in case of an accident.</p>

<p>This is the law in <a href="/questions/tagged/california" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged &#39;california&#39;" aria-label="show questions tagged &#39;california&#39;" rel="tag" aria-labelledby="tag-california-tooltip-container">california</a>.</p>
<p><a href="https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=20002.&amp;lawCode=VEH" rel="noreferrer">California Vehicle Code Section 20002(a)</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The driver of any vehicle involved in an accident resulting only in damage to any property, including vehicles, shall immediately stop the vehicle at the nearest location that will not impede traffic or otherwise jeopardize the safety of other motorists. Moving the vehicle in accordance with this subdivision does not affect the question of fault.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Failure to do so is a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of up to $1000 or up to six months in jail, or both.  The vehicle could also be towed and impounded, see  the <a href="https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/driver-education-and-safety/educational-materials/fast-facts/vehicle-collisions-ffdl-16/" rel="noreferrer">DMV website</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>You must do the following: Move your vehicle off the street or highway if no one is injured or killed. If you do not move your vehicle or have it removed from the street or highway, any peace officer or authorized personnel may have your vehicle removed and impounded. (CVC §§22651 and 22651.05).</p>
</blockquote>
<p>On some busy highways, there are signs posted to inform drivers of this rule.  For instance, <a href="https://goo.gl/maps/LECj2bokdFLezSWX7" rel="noreferrer">a Google Street View photo along I-80 W in Emeryville</a> of a sign saying &quot;Minor Crash / No Injuries / Safely Move Vehicles From Travel Lanes&quot;.  This is an area with very heavy traffic, where traffic obstructions could cause major delays.  (In fact, I found out about the rule from seeing this very sign.)</p>

<p>In Spain, for example, there's no obligation to move the vehicle out of the way, but it is recommended if there are no serious injuries (minor incidents). As far as I know, there's no directives from the Traffic Department (DGT), but you can read this recommendations from official sources such as some local police departments (<a href="http://policialocal.santiagodecompostela.gal/info.php?id=39&amp;idioma=es&amp;sec=28&amp;cat=39" rel="noreferrer">link in spanish, Santiago de Compostela police department</a>).</p>
<p>It is also recommended from non-severe crashes on highways, since it will prevent being run over by other vehicles coming at highway speeds: <a href="https://www.autopistas.com/blog/como-actuar-en-caso-de-averia-o-accidente/#:%7E:text=Si%20tienes%20la%20posibilidad%20de,una%20zona%20segura%2C%20puedes%20salir." rel="noreferrer">link in spanish, highway consortium</a>.</p>
<p>In case of a severe accident with injuries, there is an official behaviour protocol from the Spanish Traffic Department (<a href="https://www.dgt.es/muevete-con-seguridad/que-hacer-ante-un-accidente-de-trafico/#:%7E:text=Estaciona%20tu%20veh%C3%ADculo%20en%20un,veh%C3%ADculo%20col%C3%B3quese%20el%20chaleco%20reflectante." rel="noreferrer">DGT guide on accidents, in spanish</a>). It is supposed than, in this case, the passengers of the affected vehicles are injured and so, they can't (and they shouldn't try to) move their vehicles away. The DGT advises you to not move the vehicles nor the victims either, unless there's a clear danger (if the vehicles are in flames you should try to drag the victims out of them, for example). The manual explicitly mention &quot;danger to the victims, or to the traffic&quot; - if a vehicle is crossed in the middle of the road in a low-visibility spot another vehicle could crash against it, so it is advisable to move it.</p>
<p><strong>TL;DR</strong> In general in Spain there's no obligation to move the vehicles away, nor to keep them in place. Common sense is expected to be applied.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.mvr.bg/opp/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F1/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%BA%D0%B8/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" rel="nofollow noreferrer">In Bulgaria</a> you can arrange without police if all of the following apply:</p>
<ul>
<li>only 2 vehicles part of the incident</li>
<li>only material damages</li>
<li>both drivers agree on the incident details and fill-in a specific protocol</li>
</ul>
<p>You call police just to get a reference number.</p>
<p>Later this protocol is brought to the insurance agency of the &quot;guilty&quot; driver.</p>
<p>If the above conditions are not met, then you stay in place waiting for the police. Although there is text about clearing the road but preserving traces which is not very clear how to apply.</p>

<p>Actually,</p>
<p>in Czech Republic, &quot;Zákon o silničním provozu&quot; (Road-traffic law) in section &quot;Dopravní nehoda, § 47&quot; (Traffic accident) says</p>
<p>[CZ]</p>
<blockquote>
(3) Účastníci dopravní nehody jsou povinni
<p>...</p>
<p>c) označit místo dopravní nehody,</p>
<p>d) umožnit obnovení provozu na pozemních komunikacích, zejména provozu vozidel hromadné dopravy osob,</p>
<p>...</p>
</blockquote>
<p>[EN]</p>
<blockquote>
(3) Participants in a traffic accident are obliged to
<p>...</p>
<p>c) mark the place of the accident</p>
<p>d) allow the restoration of traffic on roads, especially the traffic of mass-transport vehicles</p>
<p>...</p>
</blockquote>
<p>( see <a href="https://www.kurzy.cz/zakony/361-2000-zakon-o-silnicnim-provozu/paragraf-47/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.kurzy.cz/zakony/361-2000-zakon-o-silnicnim-provozu/paragraf-47/</a> or <a href="https://www.policie.cz/clanek/silnicni-provoz-a-dopravni-nehoda.aspx" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.policie.cz/clanek/silnicni-provoz-a-dopravni-nehoda.aspx</a> )</p>

<p>In <a href="/questions/tagged/italy" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged &#39;italy&#39;" aria-label="show questions tagged &#39;italy&#39;" rel="tag" aria-labelledby="tag-italy-tooltip-container">italy</a>, behavior in the event of an accident is regulated by Article 189 of the Highway Code. People involved in a road accident have the following duties, in order of importance:</p>
<ol>
<li>Safeguard traffic safety (i.e., they must avoid endangering other motorists).</li>
<li>Do not alter traces and other evidence useful for determining responsibility for the accident.</li>
<li>If even one of the people involved is injured, even slightly, it is necessary to call the Traffic Police (and, if necessary, other emergency services). The agents will take care of restoring traffic as soon as possible, after having carried out the necessary surveys.</li>
<li>If there has only been material damage, it is necessary to avoid obstructing traffic (note: this is different from securing the road; other motorists can remain stuck in traffic for hours while being completely safe).</li>
</ol>
<p><a href="https://www.aci.it/i-servizi/normative/codice-della-strada/titolo-v-norme-di-comportamento/art-189-comportamento-in-caso-di-incidente.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Source (in Italian) here.</a></p>

<p>Yes. In the UK it is recommended (even mandated?). Our <a href="https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/breakdowns-and-incidents-274-to-287" rel="nofollow noreferrer">highway code</a> says</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Rule 286</strong></p>
<p>If you are involved in a collision which causes damage or injury to any other person, vehicle, animal or property, you MUST stop. If possible, stop in a place of relative safety (see Rule 275)</p>
<p>... give your own and the vehicle owner’s name and address, and the registration number of the vehicle, to anyone having reasonable grounds for requiring them</p>
<p>if you do not give your name and address at the time of the collision, report it to the police as soon as reasonably practicable, and in any case within 24 hours.</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Rule 275</strong></p>
<p>If you need to stop your vehicle in the event of a breakdown or incident, try to stop in a place of relative safety. A place of relative safety is where you, your passengers and your vehicle are less likely to be at risk from moving traffic.</p>
<p>The safest place to stop is a location which is designed for parking. On motorways and other high-speed roads, the safest place to stop is a service area. Other places of relative safety include lay-bys, emergency areas (see Rule 270), hard shoulders (see Rule 269) Be aware that hard shoulders provide less protection than other places of relative safety because they are so close to high-speed traffic.</p>
</blockquote>

<p><a href="/questions/tagged/tennessee" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged &#39;tennessee&#39;" aria-label="show questions tagged &#39;tennessee&#39;" rel="tag" aria-labelledby="tag-tennessee-tooltip-container">tennessee</a></p>
<p>The law in the U.S. state of Tennessee says that drivers 'should' do this on divided, controlled-access highways (including, but not limited to Interstate highways) and removes liability for doing so.</p>
<p><a href="https://law.justia.com/codes/tennessee/2010/title-55/chapter-10/part-1/55-10-117" rel="nofollow noreferrer">TCA 55-10-117</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>(a)  Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, a motor vehicle involved in a traffic accident and the driver of the motor vehicle shall be subject to this section.</p>
<p>(b)  This section shall apply to any motor vehicle traffic accident that occurs on a divided, controlled access highway or interstate highway of this state.</p>
<p>(c)  <strong>When a motor vehicle traffic accident occurs with no apparent serious personal injury or death, the driver of each motor vehicle involved in the traffic accident, or any other occupant of any such motor vehicle who possesses a valid driver license, should remove the vehicle from the immediate confines of the roadway into a safe refuge on the shoulder, emergency lane, or median, or to a place otherwise removed from the roadway whenever, in the judgment of the driver, the moving of a vehicle may be done safely and the vehicle is capable of being normally and safely driven, does not require towing, and may be operated under its own power in its customary manner without further damage or hazard to itself, to the traffic elements, or to the roadway. The driver of the motor vehicle may request any person who possesses a valid driver license to remove the motor vehicle as provided in this section, and that person may comply with the request.</strong></p>
<p>(d)  The driver or any other person who has removed a motor vehicle from the main traveled way of the road as provided in subsection (c) before the arrival of a law enforcement officer shall not be considered liable or at fault regarding the cause of the accident solely by reason of moving the vehicle pursuant to this section.</p>
<p>(e)  This section does not abrogate or affect a driver's duty to file any written report that may be required by law, but compliance with the requirements of this section does not allow a driver to be prosecuted for the failure to stop and immediately report a traffic accident.</p>
<p>(f)  This section does not abrogate or affect a driver's duty to stop and give information in accordance with law, nor does it relieve a law enforcement officer of the officer's duty to render a report in accordance with law.</p>
</blockquote>
