india
Who is a minority in India?
<p>I went through this Wikipedia page <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Minority_Affairs" rel="nofollow noreferrer">wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Minority_Affairs</a>. It says</p>
<blockquote>
<p>minority religious communities in India, which include Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, Buddhists, Zoroastrians (Parsis) and Jains notified as minority communities in The Gazette of India under Section 2(c) of the National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>And based on that I have three questions:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Why is Judaism not included? To the best of my knowledge the Jew community is a minority community in India.<sup>1</sup></p>
</li>
<li><p>Does the definition include scope for newer entries?</p>
</li>
<li><p>Are neo-converts also termed minorities?</p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<p><sub>1: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_India" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_India</a></sub></p>

<p><a href="http://www.minorityaffairs.gov.in/sites/default/files/ncm_act1992.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">The National Commission for Minorities Act</a> does not say, and basically only creates the commission which then can make decisions as to who is a minority. At the moment, an incomplete set of notifications and rules are available <a href="http://ncm.nic.in/homepage/rules.php" rel="nofollow noreferrer">here</a>, starting with the current list minus Jains. Jain inclusion is announced <a href="http://ncm.nic.in/homepage/JainInclusion_Gazette.php" rel="nofollow noreferrer">here</a>, simply saying that that are acting &quot;In exercise of the powers conferred by clause (c) of Section 2 of the National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992&quot;. Minutes of meetings (some) since Sept. 2018 are <a href="http://ncm.nic.in/homepage/minutes_meetings.php" rel="nofollow noreferrer">here</a>, reporting just bureaucratic stuff and no substance. The Ministry is a subsequent creation: <a href="http://www.minorityaffairs.gov.in/en/acts" rel="nofollow noreferrer">their available acts and rules</a> appear to be about Waqf (Muslim charitable endowments).</p>
<p>Separately, the <a href="http://minorityaffairs.gov.in/reports/national-commission-religious-and-linguistic-minoritie" rel="nofollow noreferrer">National Commission Religious And Linguistic Minorities</a> within the ministry makes available some of their reports like <a href="http://www.minorityaffairs.gov.in/sites/default/files/volume-2.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this most recent one</a>. The <a href="http://www.minorityaffairs.gov.in/sites/default/files/volume-1.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">initial report</a> starts with discussion of what a minority is, apparently addressing an obvious lacuna. They do state that all religions other than Hindu are minorities from a national perspective, also noting the majority status of various religions w.r.t. particular states / union territories. Under <a href="https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/56093a9fe4b014971122773d" rel="nofollow noreferrer">TMA Pai Foundation &amp;  Ors  v.  State  of  Karnataka</a>, the Supreme Court held that &quot;minority&quot; is w.r.t. State and not the whole nation, therefore in Punjab, Hindu is a minority (etc). The Constitution only identifies linguistic and religious minorities, and matters regarding scheduled castes and tribes are treated separately. Sticking with only religious and linguistic minorities, there are numerous state acts: <a href="https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/tamil-nadu/2010/2010TN21.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">here</a> is the Tamil Nadu State Minorities Commission Act, which defines minority as &quot;the persons belonging to minority communities residing in the State  of  Tamil  Nadu  whom  the  Government have  recognized  as  minorities&quot;. That commission has what appears to be <a href="https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s318997733ec258a9fcaf239cc55d53363/uploads/2019/10/2019101069.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">a meeting-minutes</a> (in Tamil). <a href="https://www.latestlaws.com/bare-acts/state-acts-rules/maharashtra-state-laws/maharashtra-state-minorities-commission-act-2004/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Here</a> is an analogous act for Maharashtra. In other words, the initial partial classification at the national level gave way to a state-by-state classification. Disposition of smaller minority religions such as Baha'i and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santal_people" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Santali religion</a> is thus dealt with on a state by state basis. There is a complete lack of information answering &quot;why&quot; questions. The best indicator of rationale is in the reports of the National Commission Religious And Linguistic Minorities.</p>
