traffic speeding law-in-fiction
If a person would confess a speeding event many years after it happened, what would be the consequences?
<p>I'm writing a story and I wanted some accuracy on this matter, specifically for the consequences on the person to whom this would happen. Imagine a situation a public person (this will be important later) did, for the sake of fun, speeding with a car on public ways and the warning and fines couldn't be sent to the person who did it, due to lack of identification on car or having fake plates, something as absurd as this. Then, many years later (originally I thought of having the speeding event happening in 2014 and the person coming clean and confessing it in 2019 or 2020, giving this sort of time window), the author of the speeding and driving with an unmarked car comes to the public and confess what they did, not only to the media (it's a public person, a sort of celebrity) but also to the law enforcement agencies which this could apply.</p>
<p><strong>What would realistically happen to this person, legally speaking?</strong></p>
<p>PS: I did not include a country which this sort of event would happen as I'm still deciding where in the story this could happen, so I don't know whether there's an element of the penalty expiring or not.</p>

<p><strong><a href="/questions/tagged/england-and-wales" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged &#39;england-and-wales&#39;" rel="tag">england-and-wales</a></strong></p>
<p><strong>What would realistically happen to this person, legally speaking?</strong></p>
<p><strong>Nothing</strong></p>
<p>The most common speeding offence is at <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/27/section/89?timeline=false" rel="nofollow noreferrer">section 89(1) of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>A person who drives a motor vehicle on a road at a speed exceeding a limit imposed by or under any enactment to which this section applies shall be guilty of an offence.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>And, <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/53/section/1?timeline=false" rel="nofollow noreferrer">section 1(1)(c) of the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988</a> requires a Notice of Intended Prosecution (<a href="https://www.cps.gov.uk/legal-guidance/road-traffic-summary-offences" rel="nofollow noreferrer">NIP</a>) be served to the car’s registered keeper within 14 days of the offence, but as the car had false plates there is no way to identify who this was. If that 14 day deadline is not met, then the driver cannot be prosecuted regardless of any confession.</p>

<p><a href="/questions/tagged/maryland" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged &#39;maryland&#39;" rel="tag">maryland</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>What would realistically happen to this person, legally speaking?</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Nothing</strong></p>
<p>In Maryland traffics offenses are Misdemeanors and <a href="https://codes.findlaw.com/md/courts-and-judicial-proceedings/md-code-cts-and-jud-proc-sect-5-106.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">section 5-106</a> of the Maryland Code, Courts and Judicial Proceedings  provides that:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>a prosecution for a misdemeanor shall be instituted within 1 year after the offense was committed.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Moreover  <a href="https://codes.findlaw.com/md/courts-and-judicial-proceedings/md-code-cts-and-jud-proc-sect-5-107.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">section 5-107</a>  provides that:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Except as provided in § 5-106 of this subtitle, § 1-303 of the Environment Article , and § 8-1815 of the Natural Resources Article , a prosecution or suit for a fine, penalty, or forfeiture shall be instituted within one year after the offense was committed.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Now if it could be proved that the person who committed the offense had been outside the US for the entire time, the statute of limitations might be tolled (paused). But the question seems to indicate that the person was present in the same area where the speeding took place for the period  before the confession. and as a practical matter,  a prosecutor would be unlikely to go to that extreme for a speeding ticket, which would be only a fine of less than $500 as of 2020.</p>
<h2>Other states</h2>
<p>I don't think that any state in the <a href="/questions/tagged/united-states" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged &#39;united-states&#39;" rel="tag">united-states</a> has a statute of limitations on speeding as long as seven years, or has no such statute. <a href="https://www.findlaw.com/criminal/criminal-law-basics/time-limits-for-charges-state-criminal-statutes-of-limitations.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">This Findlaw page</a> shows only a few as high as 6 years for misdemeanors generally, and none higher.</p>
<h2>Non-legal consequences</h2>
<p>Now the consequences to the person's public reputation are a different matter, but those are not <strong>legal</strong> consequences</p>

<p><strong><a href="/questions/tagged/singapore" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged &#39;singapore&#39;" rel="tag">singapore</a></strong></p>
<p>Singapore <a href="http://www.singaporelawreview.com/juris-illuminae-entries/2017/prosecutorial-discretion-a-critical-evaluation" rel="nofollow noreferrer">has no statute of limitations</a> on criminal prosecution, and apparently a long lag in prosecution is not rare. <a href="https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/RTA1961#pr63-" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Speeding is a crime</a> (§63), and for a first offense there could be as much as a fine of $5,000 and 12 months imprisonment. Whether or not a conviction is possible depends on the evidence available. The <a href="https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CPC2010" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Criminal Procedure Code</a> provides the relevant rules. The prosecution might rely on the defendant's confession, which under §258 could be admissible (it was not apparently made under duress nor was it made to an inferior rank police officer). We'd need more of the story to see whether there is reasonable doubt as to the validity of the confession, but on the face of it the person could be in for prison time and a fine.</p>
<p>If the person was driving with false plates, that would be another <a href="https://www.mot.gov.sg/news-centre/news/Detail/written-reply-by-minister-for-transport-khaw-boon-wan-to-parliamentary-question-on-swapping-of-car-registration-number-plates-with-another-car-s-plate/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">$5,000 and 1 year in prison</a>.</p>

<p>The speeding itself, many years ago, wouldn't be a big problem in most countries.</p>
<p>However, in the UK there was a case where a government minister was caught speeding, and he convinced his then wife to take the blame of it. Years later she was his divorced ex-wife and out for revenge, so she confessed that the pair had been lying about the speeding. They both went to jail for &quot;perverting the course of justice&quot;.</p>
<p>So confessing to the speeding is not a problem in the UK. Confessing that you lied about the speeding could be a big problem.</p>

<h2>Nothing</h2>
<p>First, a confession that is not made under oath or affirmation is just words; without coo <a href="https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/is-confession-alone-enough-convict-defendant.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">corroborating evidence</a> it has little to no probative value. Want to know who really shot JFK? That’s right, it was me.</p>
<p>Even a statement to police can be <a href="https://www.shouselaw.com/ca/faqs/can-a-person-recant-a-statement-in-a-california-police-report/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">recanted</a> in the courtroom. Police would need corroborating evidence before they would even initiate an investigation let alone lay charges. “Why is this person in my courtroom?” “He said he did X, Your Honor.” “And now he says he didn’t, case dismissed.”</p>
<p>The legal principle that a confession alone cannot lead to a conviction is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_delicti" rel="nofollow noreferrer">corpus delicti</a>. The US Supreme Court made this clear in a number of rulings. From
<a href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/106515/wong-sun-v-united-states/" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><em>Wong Sun v United States</em></a>, No 36, 1962 (Section IV)</p>
<blockquote>
<p>It is a settled principle of the administration of criminal justice in the federal courts that a conviction must rest upon firmer ground than the uncorroborated admission or confession of the accused.[14] We observed in <em>Smith v. United States</em>, 348 U.S. 147, 153, that the requirement of corroboration is rooted in &quot;a long history of judicial experience with confessions and in the realization that sound law enforcement requires police investigations which extend beyond the words of the accused.&quot;</p>
</blockquote>
<p>The principle is part of the Common Law in all jurisdictions.</p>
<p>Secondly, crimes such as speeding have a <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statute_of_limitations" rel="nofollow noreferrer">statute of limitations</a> - a time within which the state must discover it and initiate prosecution. For example, in <a href="/questions/tagged/new-south-wales" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged &#39;new-south-wales&#39;" rel="tag">new-south-wales</a>, a summary offense like speeding has a limitation period of 6 months.</p>
<p>Now, if the admitted crime was murder or sexual assault ...</p>
