criminal-law civil-legal-system
Is it possible for lawyers defend you in a Civil-legal-system?
<p>I have seen solicitors and in turn barristers defend people in Common Law jurisdictions, but from my understanding this should be much harder to do in a Civil-legal-system because it is so rigid.</p>
<p>I have friends that have revealed the truth about their careers (most people get off because barristers just confuse people rather than a loop hole in the law).</p>
<p>I personally see no way of defending someone in a Civil-legal-system, unless you can perhaps find another Law where the penalty is a little less serious, which likely would not even be necessary as it all seems so easy to follow.</p>
<p>Just for clarity - it does not have to be a lawyer as I know each country uses a different word, I am focusing on Criminal Law, and only in major countries.</p>

<p>People are routinely and almost universally defended by lawyers in serious criminal cases in both civil law country and common law country legal systems. The availability of counsel for the indigent in cases involving petty crimes varies, but not in a way systemically related to the common law v. civil law distinction. It has more to do with the available supply of lawyers.</p>
<p>The lawyer's job isn't very different, despite the fact that the lawyer has an audience of a panel of judges rather than a judge presiding over a decision making jury, although obviously lots of fine details (e.g. concerning the procedures for presenting evidence) are different.</p>
<p>In both cases, defense lawyers call the attention to the facts favorable to the defendant's case, offer up evidence that tends to exonerate the defendant if the lawyer can obtain it, argues to the court regarding how the evidence should be interpreted and what inferences should be drawn from it, and argues regarding any ambiguities in how the law should be applied to these particular facts.</p>
<p>Furthermore, in most criminal cases, in both civil law countries and in common law countries, guilt or innocence is not the primary issue. The primary issue for criminal defense counsel in most cases is assisting the judges in determining the right sentencing option on the right charges for a defendant who pleads guilty or is found guilty at trial of some crime, based upon the character of the crime and offender that is presented to the court by the lawyer. This part of the process is very similar indeed in the two systems.</p>
<p>Typical issues might include an assault case where the issue is whether there was serious bodily injury, justifying a more serious sentence, or mere ordinary bodily injury, justifying only a less serious sentence, in a case where it isn't clear cut at the guilt and innocence phase, or arguing whether probation and a fine, or incarceration is a better fit to a minor offense, in the sentencing phase. It isn't entirely or primarily about &quot;legal loopholes&quot; in any system, although &quot;legal loopholes&quot; tend to be more important in U.S. criminal law than in many legal systems.</p>
<p>There are some places in which civil law courts are more open to consider a defendant's arguments than others (and many civil law countries decide serious criminal cases with a panel that is a mix of legally trained judges and lay jurors), but that can vary wildly from country to country and within a country as well.</p>

<p>Yes, attorney defense is very much a thing in civil law jurisdictions; so much, that in Mexico, <a href="https://imco.org.mx/comparacarreras/las-10-mas/profesionistas/2021/1" rel="nofollow noreferrer">law is the #2 university major with the highest number of licensed professionists</a>.</p>
<p>The main difference between a common law and a civil law attorney is the entry barrier: because studying and interpreting the law is much simpler in civil law systems, there are much more practicing lawyers per capita than in the United States (despite having about 1/3 of the population and about 1/3 of the college graduates per capita, Mexico has almost as much practicing lawyers as the United States, 1.1 million in Mexico vs. <a href="https://www.americanbar.org/news/abanews/aba-news-archives/2018/05/new_aba_data_reveals/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">1.3 million up north</a>). However, that doesn't mean legal practice is simple enough to make lawyers redundant in civil law jurisdictions; their role in court procedures is not that different from their role in common law jurisdictions, and in both legal systems a good lawyer can have as much impact on the outcome of a trial.</p>
<p>In addition, despite being much more strict and straightforward than in common law, civil law statutes are still very much open to controversy and interpretation. Right off the top of my head I can name <a href="https://www2.scjn.gob.mx/asuntosrelevantes/pagina/seguimientoasuntosrelevantespub.aspx?id=129659&amp;seguimientoid=556" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Supreme Court of the United Mexican States Thesis Contradiction Sentence 293/2011</a>, which established how to interpret a constitutional amendment from 2011 that basically made Mexico's approved international treaties part of their constitutional law (tl;dr in matters regarding human rights, if an international treaty provides better human rights protection than the Constitution, it overrides national law).</p>
<p>This, as well as many other doubts regarding interpretation of the law, as well as the simple fact that they are specialists in law, contracts, obligations and the government, are the reason why civil law attorneys are as valuable as their common law counterparts when it comes to legal advise and counseling.</p>
