united-states common-law legal-research precedent
During your trial, the Supreme Court of the US agrees to hear an appeal of a relevant precedent case. What is the law that you are presumed to know?
<p>Imagine a court case in progress in the USA, specifically a case at the first level of the courts (i.e. it is a district court case and the court is a trial court, not any kind of appeal court).  During the trial, the judge, plaintiff and defendant are all in agreement that a particular case is relevant as a precedent.  However, that precedent case was decided at a lower level of appeal than the Supreme Court.  During the district court trial case, the Supreme Court agrees to hear an appeal of the precedent case.</p>
<p>I can imagine two opposite points of view:</p>
<p>(1) Given that the Supreme Court is the highest appeal court in the USA, its decision will be important, and the trial should be suspended until that important decision has been made.</p>
<p>(2) People are presumed to know the law, but it's not possible to know what future decisions the Supreme Court of the USA will make.  Therefore, the existing written precedents should be relied upon in their present form, and the case at trial should continue without delay.</p>
<p>We also have the possibility that, for example, the plaintiff anticipates, based on knowing the track records of the judges on the Supreme Court, that the Supreme Court will reverse the judgment of the first appeal court in the precedent case.  If that reversal would be good for the plaintiff, then the plaintiff could use argument (1) above.  If such a reversal would be bad for the plaintiff, then the plaintiff could use argument (2) above.</p>
<p>How does the trial court judge decide  whether to suspend the trial or to continue the trial without delay?  What does the law say is supposed to happen?</p>

<p>Why does someone need to know?</p>
<p>Supreme Court decisions are effective to all cases at trial or on direct appeal when decided, so long as the issue it resolves are raised in the trial court.</p>
<p>Judges generally don't suspend cases because a case that could change the law is pending. If the decision comes out shortly after the trial, the judge can overturn the result in a post-trial motion. If the decision comes out later, the issue can be raised on appeal.</p>
<p>A smart plaintiff raises favorable issues that could be decided in his or her favor in pending appellate cases to leave the door open for that possibility.</p>
<p>If the law is unsettled, the judge makes a best guess about how the higher courts will resolve it and is effectively free to choose either outcome knowing that the result is uncertain. If there is binding precedent on an issue at the time, the judge must follow it, even if there is a likelihood that it could be reversed on appeal.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>People are presumed to know the law, but it's not possible to know
what future decisions the Supreme Court of the USA will make.
Therefore, the existing written precedents should be relied upon in
their present form, and the case at trial should continue without
delay.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>This kind of consideration is mostly relevant only in cases of &quot;qualified immunity&quot; and in certain kinds of federal habeas corpus petitions (which collaterally attack criminal convictions affirmed on direct appeal). In those cases, law enforcement conduct is not punished, and judicial decisions are not overturned, unless there was clearly established law at the time the decision was made that made the law enforcement conduct unconstitutional, or make the judicial decision a wrongly decided one.</p>
<p>In all other contexts, what was believed to be the law at the time an action was taken, or a judicial decision was made, doesn't matter.</p>
