england-and-wales criminal-procedure plea
Plea bargaining in the UK
<p>It's been mentioned many times on this site that 90% of criminal cases in the U.S. never go to trial, and instead end up with a plea bargain (or guilty plea).  Does the same statistic generally hold true for the UK?  If not, what are the reasons?</p>

<p>There is no direct equivalent to the American-style plea bargain, but there are some similar procedures:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Basis of Plea</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>A defendant can offer a written guilty plea to a lesser offence with the same (or closely similar) facts as the offence charged, which has to be accepted by the court to take affect. The prosecutor must consult with and seek the views of all victims, and if the plea is accepted it must not be misleading or untrue. <a href="https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-acceptance-of-pleas-and-the-prosecutors-role-in-the-sentencing-exercise" rel="noreferrer">The Attorney General's Guidance</a> provides more information on the process and the detailed requirements (which are too long to repoduce here).</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Assisting Offenders</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>The Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 offer the option for a &quot;minor-player&quot; defendant to assist the prosecution and/or police by providing information to secure convictions of the principle offenders in return for <em>immunity from prosecution</em> (<a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/15/section/71?timeline=false" rel="noreferrer">section 71</a>), a <em>restricted use undertaking</em> (a version of immunity) (<a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/15/section/72?timeline=false" rel="noreferrer">section 72</a>) or <em>a reduced sentence</em> (<a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/15/section/73?timeline=false" rel="noreferrer">section 73</a>).</p>
<p>Immunity requires full and frank disclosure of all previous offending (referred to as &quot;cleansing&quot;), but for whatever reason the defendant does not &quot;cleanse&quot; they may still be eligible for a lesser sentence. Either way the assistance - either as evidence at trial or as intelligence given in confidence - should be substantial and verifiable to be eligible.</p>
<p><strong>Statistics</strong></p>
<p>There is, as far as I can, no publicly available detailed statistics on these procedures,  presumably the reason is that vast majority of the former cases go unreported and, despite <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assisting_Offender" rel="noreferrer">some being public</a>, there is a real risk of retribution to the informant in the latter.</p>
