united-states covid-19 utah
Laws without &quot;or else&quot; clause?
<p>I am reading through some of the recent COVID legislation in my state.  Specifically, <a href="https://le.utah.gov/%7E2021S1/bills/static/HB1007.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Utah HB1007</a>.  In the text, there are &quot;you can't do that&quot; type clauses... e.g. &quot;An institution of higher education... may not require an individual to wear a face covering&quot;.  However, there doesn't seem to be any &quot;or else&quot; type language that one typically sees in criminal-type-law, such as <a href="https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6A/41-6a-S505.html?v=C41-6a-S505_2021050520210505" rel="nofollow noreferrer">&quot;impose a jail sentence of not less than 5 days&quot;</a></p>
<p>What is the point of laws with no &quot;or else&quot; clause?  Does this just create some other kind of legal pathways toward &quot;or else&quot; via other vehicles?  If so, how can I track down the &quot;or else&quot; resulting from these laws?</p>

<p>Since this apparently amends the law giving colleges and universities the power to adopt and enforced various regulations, what it really means is that if such an institution adopts a rule in violation of this law, it may not legally enforce that law.  It might also give an affected student a right to sue if such a rule is adopted and enforced.</p>
<p>As a comment by  ohwilleke mentions, such a law might well authorize a court to issue an injunction forbidding the institution from enforcing the kind of rule prohibited by the law.</p>
<p>Note that it is not at all uncommon to have &quot;or else&quot; provisions in different sections of the law. For example Section 123 of the (hypothetical) New France state code might prohibit having a faked driver's license, section 124 prohibit obtaining a license through false or misleading statements on nthe application, and section 458 say &quot;anyone who violates sections 123, 124, 125, or 126 shall be fined up to $2,000, or imprisoned for up to 1 year, or both, as a court may think just&quot;. Thus it is not always easy to find what penalties, if any, apply to a code section.</p>
