discrimination religion new-york-city
What is a &#39;creed&#39; for purposes of New York City&#39;s public accommodation anti-discrimination code?
<p>Aside from the federal anti-discrimination law, New York City has <a href="https://www1.nyc.gov/site/cchr/law/chapter-1.page#8-107" rel="nofollow noreferrer">its own more restrictive anti-discrimination laws</a>, which seem to include more protected classes and which also seems to have a much broader definition of "public accommodation."</p>

<p>§ 8-107. 4. a. 1. defines these protected classes:</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>actual or perceived race, <strong>creed</strong>, color, national origin, age, gender, disability, marital status, partnership status, sexual orientation, uniformed service or alienage or citizenship status</p>
</blockquote>

<p>whereas the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title II (<a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/2000a" rel="nofollow noreferrer">42 USC 2000a</a>) includes only these protected classes:</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>race, color, religion, or national origin</p>
</blockquote>

<p>While several categories are explicitly added to the New York City law that are absent from the federal Civil Rights Act, 'religion' is notably absent and apparently replaced with 'creed.'</p>

<p>My question, then, is <strong>how is 'creed' defined in practice for purposes of New York City's public accommodation anti-discrimination code?</strong></p>

<p>Is 'creed' here intended to include religious beliefs, but to be more broad so as to also include beliefs and views that aren't necessarily of a religious nature? Would it include, for example, political views? Social views?</p>

<p>From NYC website (<a href="https://www1.nyc.gov/site/fairhousing/renters/creed.page" rel="nofollow noreferrer">creed</a>):</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>Creed refers to a set of moral or ethical beliefs and the practices and observances associated with those beliefs. Although creed includes traditional religious beliefs, it also incorporates belief systems that may not be expressed by an organized religious group.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>Based on the examples shown on the website, it doesn't seem like it was intended to extend to political views, but rather religion and religion-like beliefs.</p>
