canada consumer-protection
When claiming under Manufacturer&#39;s warranty, how can Plaintiff prove never breaching Manufacturer&#39;s proper care and use instructions?
<p>Many non-stick products are sold with a limited lifetime warranty, e.g. for their NONstickiness. <strong>Presume that a consumer has perfectly followed</strong>, <a href="https://www.zwilling.com/us/about-us/use-care/article-use-care-cookware.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">e.g., manufacturer's proper care and use instructions</a>.</p>
<p>I read about this class action, but I cannot find it on CanLII. But when Consumer pleaded a breach of this lifetime warranty, Defendant Manufacturer alleged that Plaintiff breached Manufacturer's instructions. Upon inspection of Plaintiff's used product, Defendant allegedly found that Plaintiff negligently either used its non-stick cookware over high heat, AND/OR held acidic foods in the pan, AND/OR left food scraps to dry on the pan, AND/OR scratched the NONstick coating with metal utensils and/or scouring agents and/or abrasive sponges, AND/OR held acidic foods in the pan. As an example, see this <a href="https://www.oxo.com/blog/cooking-and-baking/how-to-use-non-stick-pan" rel="nofollow noreferrer">blog post</a>.</p>
<p>As alternative pleading, Defendant <a href="https://burnetteshutt.law/quit-demanding-strict-proof-answers-not-thing/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">put Plaintiff to strict proof</a> that Plaintiff fulfilled manufacturer's instructions.</p>
<h4>On a balance of probabilities, how can Plaintiff gainsay Defendant, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proving_a_negative" rel="nofollow noreferrer">prove this kind of negative</a> that Plaintiff never &quot;used its non-stick cookware over high heat AND/OR&quot; etc...? Obviously, Plaintiff cannot realistically record continuous 24/7 video footage of the pan, since the time of purchase and contract formation!</h4>
<p>Some examples are below:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.ebay.ca/itm/384543335404" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Cuisinart's NONstick Hard-Anodized
Skillet</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.realcanadiansuperstore.ca/intuition-frypan-26-cm/p/20972396_EA" rel="nofollow noreferrer">T-fal's Intuition 26 cm
Frypan</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/MeyerCanada/photos/a.516313132052640/1241840016166611/?type=3&amp;paipv=0&amp;eav=Afay2z5XFASfHsRJxP9aRfB4Ws-HIbD1lloGUyTX7YmxR7jzSh73DZt_SN3Pq1mBtLY&amp;_rdr" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Meyer Confederation's Everyday
Pan</a></li>
</ul>

<h2><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burden_of_proof_(law)" rel="nofollow noreferrer">semper necessitas probandi incumbit ei qui agit</a></h2>
<p>Roughly “she who asserts must prove.” The manufacturer is asserting actions by the consumer - the manufacturer has to prove they happened, the consumer does not have to prove they didn’t.</p>
