united-states licensing us-federal-government agency
As a non-US person, what license may I have to use public materials from agencies of US government?
<p>I want to reuse a gif published in <a href="https://www.weather.gov/safety/lightning-science-slow-motion-flashes" rel="noreferrer" title="Understanding Lightning: Slow Motion Video Of Lightning Flashes">this website of this US government agency</a>. I don't see any copyright statement anywhere, except a link to <a href="https://www.noaa.gov/organization/information-technology/freedom-of-information-act" rel="noreferrer" title="FOIA: Freedom of Information Act | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">Freedom of Information Act</a>. In my vague understanding of this, it doesn't seem to say anything about having license of reusing public material on my purpose, but just about requesting to access such material.</p>
<p>So, if I'm a non-US person and wanting to reusing a material from a agency of US government, what license may I have?</p>

<p><a href="https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#105" rel="nofollow noreferrer">17 USC 105</a> provides that:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>(a) In General.—Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government, but the United States Government is not precluded from receiving and holding copyrights transferred to it by assignment, bequest, or otherwise.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Under <a href="https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#101" rel="nofollow noreferrer">17 USC 101</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>A “work of the United States Government” is a work prepared by an officer or employee of the United States Government as part of that person’s official duties.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>However under 17 USC  105 (b):</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Subject to subsection (c), the covered author of a covered work owns the copyright to that covered work.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>The definitions section of section 105 provides that &quot;covered authors &quot; are faculty members at any of 12 specified institutes, academies, colleges, and universities run by the Federal Government, and &quot;covered works&quot; are any textual works created by covered authors.</p>
<p>Thus to be free of copyright under section 105, a work must have been created by &quot;an officer or employee of the United States Federal Government as part of that person’s official duties.&quot; and not by a faculty member at any of the institutions listed in 105 (d). 17 USC 105 does not apply to works by the various US state governments, nor to contractors hired by the US Federal government.</p>
<p>Works that are free of copyright under section 105 are in the public domain under US law, and may lawfully be used in any way at all, but it is widely considered unethical, although not unlawful, to fail to credit the source of such works, or indeed of older works long out of copyright protection. Note that such works could be protected under the laws of other countries, and such copyrights may apply outside the US.</p>
<p>Just because an image or text is <strong>published</strong> by a US government agency does not waive copyright, nor does the absence of a copyright notice. (Under the Berne Convention a copyright notice cannot be required for protection, and US law implements this in <a href="https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap4.html#401" rel="nofollow noreferrer">17 USC 401 (a)</a> which provides that a notice <strong>may</strong> be present.)</p>
<p>The web page linked in the question above includes the statement:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Video contributed by Dr. Marcelo Saba, National Institute for Space Research, Brazil</p>
</blockquote>
<p>This strongly implies that Dr Saba owns the copyright, although it does not prove that. It might be owned by the Institute, or some other employee of the Institute. But Dr Saba could probably indicate who does own the copyright, and on what terms if any the image may be used.</p>
<p>When  content is protected by copyright, a license to reproduce that content must normally be explicitly stated. The US Freedom of Information Act (FoI) has nothing to do with providing such licenses. It does not matter under US law whether the person wanting to reuse content is a citizen or resident of the US or not, the rules are the same for all. However, US government works <strong>may</strong> be protected outside the US. It is the location of use, not the nationality of the person using them, that will matter.</p>

<p>As others have noted, works by the US Government are public domain <em>within the USA</em>. However <a href="https://cendi.gov/publications/04-8copyright.html#317" rel="noreferrer">that does not apply abroad</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>3.1.7  Does the Government have copyright protection in U.S. Government works in other countries?</strong></p>
<p>Yes, the copyright exclusion for works of the U.S. Government is not intended to have any impact on protection of these works abroad (S. REP. NO. 473, 94th Cong., 2d Sess. 56 (1976)). Therefore, the U.S. Government may obtain protection in other countries depending on the treatment of government works by the national copyright law of the particular country. Copyright is sometimes asserted by U.S. Government agencies outside the United States.</p>
</blockquote>

<h2>There is no copyright in US government works</h2>
<p>US copyright law explicitly disclaims copyright in works produced by government employees (but not contractors) in the course of their employment.</p>
<p>This is not necessarily the case for other governments including US state governments.</p>

<p>Your status as a foreign national has no bearing on copyright.</p>
<p>That is to say, US citizens do not get any sort of special treatment with regards to copy rights of US government works. From the perspective of any given country's laws, almost certainly:  US works that are public domain for a US citizen, are public domain for you.  Works under copyright control for a US citizen are controlled for you.  Works which are classified (a crime to publish) for a citizen are classified for you.  Works which the country prohibits publishing for a US citizen, it prohibits for you.</p>
<p>Of course, a country may treat treat people present in the country differently than those it would have to extradite.</p>
<p>Keep in mind not everything on a US government site is a work product of the US government.</p>
