united-states regulations firearms environmental water
In the US, what federal codes govern the operation of a shooting range?
<p>I'm trying to understand what laws and codes give guidance for the operation of a shooting range.  </p>

<p>I'm particularly interested in the laws regarding hazardous materials (lead from the backstop(s)).</p>

<p>A doubtlessly-incomplete list of some things I've found already:</p>

<ul>
<li>Federal Facility Compliance Act (FFCA)</li>
<li>Solid Waste Disposal Act § 3005</li>
<li>307(a) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act</li>
<li>Subtitle C (RCRA §§3001-3023)</li>
<li><a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/chapter-103" rel="nofollow noreferrer">42 USC 103: CERCLA</a></li>
</ul>

<p>I cannot find ATF info on this, and govinfo has very broad results on cases.</p>

<p><strong>For avoidance of doubt, I am not interested in federal laws that govern all other general/generic topics in business.</strong></p>

<p>I'm open to hearing about state-based laws, or definitive precedents and casework, too.</p>

<hr>

<p><em>I'm getting close votes, but none of the criticisms apply.  Please be more specific before downvoting or commenting.  Thanks.</em></p>

<p>If you want to understand how federal law on lead affects shooting ranges, it probably won't be very helpful just to find the relevant statutes. Most of those statutes empower some agency to implement the statutes by creating standards for businesses such as shooting ranges. These standards, not the statutes, are what shooting ranges actually care about, since they are the rules saying exactly what ranges can, and cannot, do.</p>

<p>Finding these standards is not easy. Searching the CFR or other federal data base will either be mind-numbingly tedious, futile or both. Luckily for you, the agencies that administer these statutes have put together pamphlets telling what laws are relevant to shooting ranges, what standards the agency has developed to implement the laws, and most importantly, the <em>details</em> about how those standards apply to shooting ranges. Those pamphlets are online. Here are some to get you started: </p>

<p>The EPA, which administers federal clean water and clean air laws, has a <a href="https://www.epa.gov/lead/best-management-practices-lead-outdoor-shooting-ranges" rel="nofollow noreferrer">pamphlet</a> covering best-management-practices for handling lead at outdoor firing ranges. </p>

<p>OSHA, which administers federal worker safety laws, has pamphlets covering the legal implications of lead at both <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ranges/default.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">indoor</a> and <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/wp-solutions/2013-104/pdfs/2013-104.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">outdoor</a> ranges. (On the indoor page, scroll to the bottom of the page and click on "Other resources.")</p>

<p>An industry group, NSSF (National Shooting Sports Foundation) worked with OSHA to produce a <a href="https://www.usashooting.org/library/Youth_Development/HS_and_College_Programs/Lead_Management_-_NSSF.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">booklet</a> covering lead management for shooting ranges in some detail. </p>
