firearms new-zealand customs-law
How common are import bans of what is freely traded on national markets?
<p>In this question I will give an example of a law that effectively bans the import of (and makes attempted import without prior approval a crime) certain goods that can be freely bought and sold on national market. The effect is that the goods are hard to find and cost 10 times more than in countries where such a ban does not exist.</p>
<p>The actual question is: <strong>how common is this scenario</strong> in free/democratic countries? Is it common, or is the below example just a legal anecdote that ideally needs to be fixed by lobbying/pushing the law makers in the right direction?</p>
<hr />
<p>In New Zealand, people over 18 can <a href="https://www.trademe.co.nz/sports/hunting-shooting/air-guns-parts/air-pistols" rel="noreferrer">freely buy and sell</a> air pistols. No firearms license is required (unless you are younger than 18).</p>
<p>However, if Bob wants to buy an air pistol from say Amazon, he needs to apply to the Police for a <a href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1983/0044/latest/whole.html#DLM72906" rel="noreferrer">permit to import</a>. The most amazing/amusing thing here is that, unlike <em>real</em>, non-air guns (e.g. a regular rifle, an application to import which can be considered just by any &quot;member of the Police&quot; who &quot;must&quot; grant it if certain criteria is met as per section 18(2,3)), an application to import an air pistol (which is <a href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1983/0044/latest/DLM72627.html#DLM5829905" rel="noreferrer">&quot;restricted airgun&quot;</a>) has to be considered by the Commissioner (the head of the NZ Police themselves) who only &quot;may&quot; grant it, and <em>only</em> if there is a &quot;special reason&quot; to it (section 18(4,5)).</p>
<p>The law does not elaborate on what &quot;special reasons&quot; are, but the Police still <a href="https://www.police.govt.nz/news/release/sights-imported-airguns-and-military-style-firearms-new-gun-laws" rel="noreferrer">has its idea</a>. In a nut shell, if Bob simply wants to practice target shooting with an air pistol at his rural backyard, or control the population of rats threatening his duck flock, he is out of luck: import is effectively banned for him. But he still can just buy the same thing locally — if he is lucky enough to find it.</p>
<p>Now, there is more to it. Say Bob, who routinely buys stuff from Amazon, sees there an air pistol he wants for only $50, <em>new</em>, whereas locally he can find it only for no less than $500, <em>used</em>. He orders it without hesitation, thinking that if he can freely trade and use it locally, surely there will be no troubles buying it from overseas. He has no idea that there is section 16 which, in its <a href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1983/0044/43.0/DLM72903.html" rel="noreferrer">previous version</a> could send him to jail for 1 year (in the <a href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1983/0044/latest/DLM72903.html" rel="noreferrer">current version</a> they've added &quot;without reasonable excuse&quot; which now could possibly save Bob from becoming a prisoner). Bob's Amazon order arrives at the customs which, upon not finding a matching import permit, forfeits it by way of transfer of title to the Crown. Bob loses the money — getting punished for not being clairvoyant enough to expect that such a law could exist. Moreover, he should be thankful that no charges get laid against him.</p>
<p>Apparently, the legislative intent here was to limit the number of air pistols in the country: if they were as accessible as they are in the world, the number of crimes involving them would have gone up. However, managing the risk of unlawful use just by keeping the prices 10 times higher (as opposed to either completely banning trade/possession or applying the same &quot;special reason&quot; threshold as for import) does seem like a very odd, peculiar solution.</p>

<p>The import of slaves into the United States was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_Prohibiting_Importation_of_Slaves" rel="noreferrer">banned in 1808</a>, although slavery itself and the buying and selling of slaves <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" rel="noreferrer">remained legal on a Federal level until 1865</a>.</p>
<p>There were, of course, many many violations of the law against importing new slaves.</p>

<p>This is not as uncommon as you might think, but will probably depend highly on the locality.</p>
<p>Neighboring countries may have different standards or weapons laws.</p>
<p>On the German / Polish border, certain products may be bought freely in Poland, but may not be imported into Germany.</p>
<p>In the area of weapons, polish laws differ greatly in the area of knifes</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://law.stackexchange.com/a/41845/25602">I committed a crime against the Weapons Act in Germany</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Firecrackers standards also differ, so in the period before New Year random custom checks behind the border are often encountered to prevent certain types of firecrackers from being imported.</p>
<p>The same for some types of fertilizers, so in the springtime random custom checks will occur more often when the planting season starts.</p>
<hr />
<p><strong>Sources</strong>:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://law.stackexchange.com/a/41845/25602">I committed a crime against the Weapons Act in Germany - Can I travel there? - Law Stack Exchange</a></li>
</ul>

<p>A current ban, though one I know little about, is China's waste import ban. It is apparently a total ban on the import of the listed wastes. I have to imagine that domestic trade is still free, as otherwise recycling could not exist within China.</p>
<p>The ivory trade might fit as well, though it is enforced around the world rather than the pocket ban you seem to want and may no longer fit. Imports of ivory are nearly completely banned in most countries though at the least China allowed domestic trade but no international trade in ivory. The domestic trade was legal until 2015, so it is not a current example. It is possible that other countries with substantial ivory sources still permit the domestic trade but I do not know.</p>
