privacy police germany photography schengen
Is it illegal to take pictures of the police in public in Germany?
<p>I visited Cologne last year. I was taking a selfie with my phone's inner camera in front of a monument. I was unaware that my phone's outer camera was facing police officers conducting checks. One of them noticed it and approached me. He saw the picture of me with the monument instead of them, apologized for his misunderstanding then went back to work.</p>
<p>Is it an offense to photograph the police in Germany? I searched multiple websites but people gave very different answers and opinions, even on the same forum. I've never been charged for such offense anywhere in the EU but Germany is well known for its strict privacy laws and I do not wish to break any laws.</p>
<p>If it is indeed illegal and I get fined for it, will my past record add extra burden every time I visit Germany such as extra checks or questioning? Or is it something I can brush off since I live in Schengen anyway?</p>

<h2>No, but...</h2>
<p>It is not an offense to photograph people, especially if they are just caught at the edge or out of the center of the photography. <strong>However</strong> you do not have a right to photograph people either. In fact, under German law, you have to gain the consent of people that are the centerpiece of a photo for publication, or make the photo for a number of enumerated reasons. Among such is news reporting or documenting an ongoing crime - such material is made in the public interest. If you make a photo without consent or qualified reason, possession of the photo in general is no problem <strong>but</strong> you have no right to publish the photo.</p>
<p>To prevent such publication, the photographed person may demand deletion or destruction of the photo - however, following the demand is not explicitly required. Such a demand however is equivalent to an explicit demand to not publish the picture. As such, it gets really tricky for the photographer. <strong>Publication without a release</strong> (or a no-release statement) or one of the few excusing reasons <strong>is a punishable offense</strong>, which can land you in prison for up to one year. This stems from <a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gg/art_2.html" rel="noreferrer">Art. 2 GG</a>, <a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/kunsturhg/__22.html" rel="noreferrer">§22</a>, <a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/kunsturhg/__23.html" rel="noreferrer">§23</a> and <a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/kunsturhg/__33.html" rel="noreferrer">§33 Kunsturhebergesetz</a>.</p>
<p>Hindering rescue services with your camera and creating photos of injured and vulnerable people is illegal under the same reasoning. Getting into the way of the police can constitute obstruction of emergency helpers atop of that. More on that specific part of German law can be learned <a href="https://law.stackexchange.com/a/93644/10334">in this question</a>. Do note that such photography can also be a crime under <a href="https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stgb/__201a.html" rel="noreferrer">§201a StGB</a>, especially if your photography shows <em>someone</em> as vulnerable.</p>
<p>Another possibility for the approaching police might have been, that the policeman was interested to find out if you might have photographed or filmed the incident that led to the arrest. In that case, he might have requested a copy for evidentiary reasons.</p>

<p><a href="/questions/tagged/england-and-wales" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged &#39;england-and-wales&#39;" aria-label="show questions tagged &#39;england-and-wales&#39;" rel="tag" aria-labelledby="tag-england-and-wales-tooltip-container">england-and-wales</a></p>
<p><strong>NO</strong></p>
<p>The Metropolitan Police offer the following clarity (which is reproduced in similar terms by the other 42 police forces and various law enforcement agencies):</p>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://www.met.police.uk/advice/advice-and-information/ph/photography-advice#:%7E:text=Freedom%20to%20photograph%20and%20film,photographing%20incidents%20or%20police%20personnel." rel="noreferrer"><strong>Freedom to photograph and film</strong></a></p>
<p>Members of the public and the media do not need a permit to film or photograph in public places and police have no power to stop them filming or photographing incidents or police personnel.</p>
</blockquote>
<hr />
<p><sub>By way of some background: there has been some misunderstanding and misuse of the stop and search powers under <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/section/43?timeline=false" rel="noreferrer">section 43</a> Terrorism Act 2000.  The issue being the officer's reasonable suspicion the person stopped may be a terrorist which, on occasion, was not subjectively reasonable.</sub></p>
<hr />
<p><sub>Although tagged <a href="/questions/tagged/germany" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged &#39;germany&#39;" aria-label="show questions tagged &#39;germany&#39;" rel="tag" aria-labelledby="tag-germany-tooltip-container">germany</a>, I have answered according to the <a href="https://law.stackexchange.com/help/on-topic">LawSE Help Centre</a>: &quot;<em>we expect and encourage answers dealing with other jurisdictions ... please tag your answer using the tag markdown: [tag: some-tag]</em>&quot;</sub></p>

<p>Yes, usually it is.</p>
<p>The more specific answer is: it depends. There is no specific law that makes it illegal to photograph police per se. However Germany has fairly strict regulations towards privacy and right to your own image and it is usually illegal to photograph a person without their consent if their face is visible in details. This also includes policemen on duty.</p>
