canada theft
Can a retail store staff member search your bag on exit?
<p>I know some places that search people's bags just before they leave the store.  Alternatively I've seen stores that require people to leave their bags in a certain area, such as behind the front counter, when they first enter the store. This is done to prevent theft. Are they allowed to do this? What if a person refuses? What are the limits, for example I don't think they can search inside your pockets or the clothes you're wearing?</p>

<p>I just ask out of curiosity, but sometimes I work as a contractor and have to go into a store to do my work. Some of my work contracts specify I must allow them to search me etc. but hypothetically if my contract didn't could I refuse? </p>

<p>A store can surely deny entrance to those with bags, unless they leave them in a designated location. This is not a search and does not implicate 4th amendment rights. I recall when I was in college many stores near the campus had such a policy, particularly bookstores.</p>
<p>In many US states, there is a so-called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopkeeper%27s_privilege" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Shopkeeper's privilege</a>. This is a common-law rule which allows a retail merchant to detain (but not search) a suspected shoplifter long enough to check the facts, and summon police. The police can then search if the evidence presented by the shopkeeper provides probable cause.</p>
<p>A shopkeeper can ask a suspect to consent to a search, saying that otherwise s/he will call the police.</p>
<p>In some US states, this privilege has been supplemented or expanded by statute. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoplifting#United_States" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Wikipedia article on &quot;Shoplifting&quot;</a> says:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>In the United States, store employees who detain suspects outside of and inside the store premises are generally granted limited powers of arrest by state law, and have the power to initiate criminal arrests or civil sanctions, or both, depending upon the policy of the retailer and the state statutes governing civil demands and civil recovery for shoplifting as reconciled with the criminal laws of the jurisdiction.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a href="https://www.expertlaw.com/library/criminal-law/shoplifting-laws-and-punishments#detention-by-a-store-for-shoplifting" rel="nofollow noreferrer">This article from ExpertLaw</a> says:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>[US] States have passed laws that permit merchants to temporarily detain shoplifting suspects while they investigate their belief that shoplifting occurred, or while waiting for the police to arrive and formally charge or arrest the suspect.</p>
<p>The details of the laws vary significantly, but in general these laws provide the merchant with immunity for any claim of wrongful arrest or detention as long as they do not apply any unreasonable force in order to apprehend or detain the shoplifter, and as long as the detention is reasonable in its duration.</p>
</blockquote>
