united-states noise eminent-domain
Could Noise Regulation Amount to a Regulaory Taking?
<p>In the recent <em>Washington Post</em> story <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/interactive/2022/cryptocurrency-mine-noise-homes-nc/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">&quot;A neighborhood’s cryptocurrency mine: ‘Like a jet that never leaves’ -- Cryptocurrency mining brought constant noise to this remote part of Appalachia</a> of various cryptocurrency data centers which have recently opened in various rural  areas, particularly in parts of Appalachia. Some people in the area complain strongly of the noise generated by such operations, and are lobbying for government action. Most of the ares described seem to have no current noise regulations, or only vague are rarely enforced regulations. Some of these &quot;mines&quot; are reported to cause noise at decibel levels which would be in violation of noise limits in various urban areas.</p>
<p>If a state or county passed and enforced strict noise limits, and a &quot;mine&quot; was forced to shut down to comply, would that constitute a regulatory taking under the Fifth Amendment? If so, would the value of the cryptocurrency tokens that the &quot;mine&quot; had produced be taken into account in determining &quot;just compensation&quot;?</p>

<h2>Probably not</h2>
<p>The potential <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_takings_in_the_United_States" rel="nofollow noreferrer">conflict</a> here is between the police power of the state to enact noise pollution regulations and the fifth amendment obligation to compensate owners when property is taken (applicable to the states via the fourteenth amendment).</p>
<p>In general, the regulation must be so invasive as to deny the owner <em>all</em> economic value of their property. Presumably the owner could implement noise mitigation in order to continue mining or turn their land to another use so they have not lost all economic value.</p>
<p>Notwithstanding, the neighbours could seek an injunction to prevent the noise under the tort of nuisance. A recent Victorian <a href="https://www.klgates.com/Victorian-Wind-Farm-Ordered-to-Pay-Damages-and-Curb-Night-Noise-Nuisance-Implications-for-Wind-Farms-in-Australia-3-29-2022" rel="nofollow noreferrer">case</a> held that the neighbours could do so even though the wind farm complied with its permit, while this is not directly applicable to the US it is believed to be a common law world’s first precedent.</p>
