text: # Niobium
  Chăng-kō̤ Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ Háng-cê gì bēng-buōng. / 參考閩東語漢字其版本。
  Niobium sê siŏh cṳ̄ng gĭng-sṳ̆k, iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng huá-hŏk nguòng-só.  Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só sê 41, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Nb.
  
title: Niobium
wikitext: {{twinLAT|鈮}}
  {{infobox element
  |number=41
  |symbol=Nb
  |name=Niobi
  |enname=niobium
  |laname=niobium
  |left=[[zirconium|Zirconi]]
  |right=[[Mŭk (gĭng-sṳ̆k)|Molypden]]
  |above=[[vanadium|Vanadi]]
  |below=[[tantalum|Tantan]]
  |series=guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
  |group=5
  |period=5
  |block=d
  |image name=Niobium_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg
  |image alt=A lump of gray shining crystals with hexagonal facetting
  |appearance=gray metallic, bluish when oxidized
  |atomic mass=92.90637
  |atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
  |atomic mass 2=2
  |atomic mass comment=
  |electron configuration=&#91;[[krypton|Kr]]&#93; 4d<sup>4</sup> 5s<sup>1</sup>
  |electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 12, 1
  |phase=gó-tā̤
  |density gpcm3nrt=8.57
  |melting point K=2750
  |melting point C=2477
  |melting point F=4491
  |boiling point K=5017
  |boiling point C=4744
  |boiling point F=8571
  |heat fusion=30
  |heat vaporization=689.9
  |heat capacity=24.60
  |vapor pressure 1=2942
  |vapor pressure 10=3207
  |vapor pressure 100=3524
  |vapor pressure 1 k=3910
  |vapor pressure 10 k=4393
  |vapor pressure 100 k=5013
  |vapor pressure comment=
  |crystal structure=cubic body-centered
  |space group= Im_ 3m
  |lattice constant= 330.04 pm<ref>{{web|url=http://www.periodictable.com/Elements/041/data.html|title=
  Technical data for Niobium}}</ref>
  |oxidation states='''5''', 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −3
  |oxidation states comment=(a mildly [[acid]]ic oxide)
  |electronegativity=1.6
  |number of ionization energies=3
  |ionization energy 1=652.1
  |ionization energy 2=1380
  |ionization energy 3=2416
  |atomic radius=146
  |covalent radius=164±6
  |magnetic ordering=paramagnetic
  |electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
  |electrical resistivity at 0=152
  |thermal conductivity=53.7
  |thermal expansion=7.3
  |speed of sound rod at 20=3480
  |Young's modulus=105
  |Shear modulus=38
  |Bulk modulus=170
  |Poisson ratio=0.40
  |Mohs hardness=6.0
  |Vickers hardness=870–1320
  |Brinell hardness=735–2450
  |CAS number=7440-03-1
  |isotopes=
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=90 | sym=Nb
   | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=14.6&nbsp;h
   | dm=[[positron emission|β<sup>+</sup>]] | de=– | link1=zirconium-90 | pn=90 | ps=Zr}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=91 | sym=Nb
   | na=syn | hl=680&nbsp;y
   | dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=– | link1=zirconium-91 | pn=91 | ps=Zr}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=91[[nuclear isomer|m]] | sym=Nb
   | na=syn | hl=60.86&nbsp;d
   | dm=[[isomeric transition|IT]] | de=0.104[[conversion electron|e]] | link1=niobium-91 | pn=91 | ps=Nb}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=92m1 | sym=Nb
   | na=syn | hl=10.15&nbsp;d
   | dm1=ε | de1=– | link1=zirconium-92 | pn1=92 | ps1=Zr
   | dm2=[[gamma ray|γ]] | de2=0.934 | pn2= | ps2=–}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=92 | sym=Nb
   | na=syn | hl=3.47×10<sup>7</sup>&nbsp;y
   | dm1=ε | de1=– | pn1=92 | ps1=Zr
   | dm2=γ | de2=0.561, 0.934 | pn2= | ps2=–}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=93 | sym=Nb | na=100% | hl=– | dm=([[spontaneous fission|SF]]) | de=<0.943 | pn= | ps= }}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=93m | sym=Nb
   | na=syn | hl=16.13&nbsp;y
   | dm=IT | de=0.031e | link1=niobium-93 | pn=93 | ps=Nb}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=94 | sym=Nb
   | na=syn | hl=20300&nbsp;y
   | dm1=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de1=0.471 | link1=molybdenum-94 | pn1=94 | ps1=Mo
   | dm2=γ | de2=0.702, 0.871 | pn2= | ps2=–}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=95 | sym=Nb
   | na=syn | hl=34.991&nbsp;d
   | dm1=β<sup>−</sup> | de1=0.159 | link1=molybdenum-95 | pn1=95 | ps1=Mo
   | dm2=γ | de2=0.765 | pn2= | ps2=– }}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=95m | sym=Nb
   | na=syn | hl=3.61&nbsp;d
   | dm=IT | de=0.235 | link1=niobium-95 | pn=95 | ps=Nb}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=96 | sym=Nb
   | na=syn | hl=23.4&nbsp;h
   | dm=β<sup>−</sup> | de=– | link1=molybdenum-96 | pn=96 | ps=Mo}}
  |isotopes comment=Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
  |naming=after [[Niobe]] in Greek mythology, daughter of [[Tantalus]] ([[tantalum]])
  |discovered by=[[Charles Hatchett]]
  |discovery date=1801
  |first isolation by=[[Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand]]
  |first isolation date=1864
  |history comment label=Recognized as a distinct [[chemical element|element]] by
  |history comment=[[Heinrich Rose]] (1844)
  }}
  '''Niobium''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[gĭng-sṳ̆k]], iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só]].  [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 41, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Nb.
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