text: # Ŭ (gĭng-sṳ̆k)
  Chăng-kō̤ Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ Háng-cê gì bēng-buōng. / 參考閩東語漢字其版本。
  Ŭ (鎢) sê siŏh cṳ̄ng gĭng-sṳ̆k, iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng huá-hŏk nguòng-só. Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só sê 74, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê W.
title: Ŭ (gĭng-sṳ̆k)
wikitext: {{twinLAT|鎢}}
  {{Infobox element
  |number=74
  |symbol=W
  |name=wolfram
  |laname=wolfram
  |alt name=tungsten
  |left=[[tantalum|Tantan]]
  |right=[[rhenium|Rheni]]
  |above=[[Mŭk (gĭng-sṳ̆k)|Molypden]]
  |below=[[seaborgium|Seaborgi]]
  |series=guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
  |group=6
  |period=6
  |block=d
  |image name=Wolfram_evaporated_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg
  |appearance=grayish white, lustrous
  |atomic mass=183.84
  |atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
  |atomic mass 2=1
  |atomic mass comment=
  |electron configuration=&#91;[[xenon|Xe]]&#93; 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>4</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup><ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2000-02/951518136.Ch.r.html|title=Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?|author= Berger, Dan |publisher=Bluffton College, USA}}</ref>
  |electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
  |phase=gó-tā̤
  |density gpcm3nrt=19.25
  |density gpcm3mp=17.6
  |melting point K=3695
  |melting point C=3422
  |melting point F=6192
  |boiling point K=6203
  |boiling point C=5930
  |boiling point F=10,706
  |critical point K=13,892
  |critical point MPa=
  |heat fusion=35.3
  |heat vaporization=774
  |heat capacity=24.27
  |vapor pressure 1=3477
  |vapor pressure 10=3773
  |vapor pressure 100=4137
  |vapor pressure 1 k=4579
  |vapor pressure 10 k=5127
  |vapor pressure 100 k=5823
  |vapor pressure comment=
  |crystal structure=body-centered cubic
  |oxidation states='''6''', 5, '''4''', 3, 2, 1, 0, −1, −2, −4
  |oxidation states comment=(a&nbsp;mildly [[acid]]ic oxide)
  |electronegativity=2.36
  |number of ionization energies=2
  |ionization energy 1=770
  |ionization energy 2=1700
  |atomic radius=139
  |covalent radius=162±7
  |magnetic ordering=[[paramagnetic]]
  |magnetic ordering ref=<ref>{{cite book | url = http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf | chapter = Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds | editor = Lide, D. R. | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 86th | location = Boca Raton (FL) | publisher = CRC Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-8493-0486-5 | accessdate = 2018-06-03 | archive-date = 2011-03-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf | deadurl =  }}</ref>
  |electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
  |electrical resistivity at 20=52.8
  |thermal conductivity=173
  |thermal expansion at 25=4.5
  |speed of sound rod at r.t.=4620
  |speed of sound rod at r.t. comment=(annealed)
  |Young's modulus=411
  |Shear modulus=161
  |Bulk modulus=310
  |Poisson ratio=0.28
  |Mohs hardness=7.5
  |Vickers hardness=3430–4600
  |Brinell hardness=2000–4000
  |CAS number=7440-33-7
  |isotopes=
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=180 | sym=W
   | na=0.12% | hl=[[1 E19 s and more|1.8&times;10<sup>18</sup>&nbsp;y]]
   | dm=[[alpha decay|α]] | de=2.516 | link1=hafnium-176 | pn=176 | ps=Hf}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=181 | sym=W
   | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=121.2&nbsp;d
   | dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=0.188 | link1=tantalum-181 | pn=181 | ps=Ta}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=182 | sym=W | na=26.50% | hl=>1.7×10<sup>20</sup>&nbsp;y | dm=(α) | de=1.772 | link1=hafnium-178 | pn=178 | ps=Hf}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=183 | sym=W | na=14.31% | hl=>8×10<sup>19</sup>&nbsp;y
   | dm=(α) | de=1.680 | link1=hafnium-179 | pn=179 | ps=Hf}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=184 | sym=W | na=30.64% | hl=>1.8×10<sup>20</sup>&nbsp;y
   | dm=(α) | de=1.123 | link1=hafnium-180 | pn=180 | ps=Hf}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=185 | sym=W
   | na=syn | hl=75.1&nbsp;d
   | dm=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0.433 | link1=rhenium-185 | pn=185 | ps=Re}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=186 | sym=W | na=28.43% | hl=>4.1×10<sup>18</sup>&nbsp;y
   | dm1=(α) | de1=1.656 | link1=hafnium-182 | pn1=182 | ps1=Hf
   | dm2=([[double beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup>]]) | de2=– | link2=osmium-186 | pn2=186 | ps2=Os}}
  |isotopes comment=Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
  |naming=from German {{lang|ger|''wolfram''}}
  |discovered by=[[Carl Wilhelm Scheele]]
  |discovery date=1781
  |first isolation by=[[Juan José Elhuyar]] and [[Fausto Elhuyar]]
  |first isolation date=1783
  }}
  '''Ŭ''' (鎢) sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[gĭng-sṳ̆k]], iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só]]. [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 74, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê W.
  
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