text: # Californium
  Chăng-kō̤ Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ Háng-cê gì bēng-buōng. / 參考閩東語漢字其版本。
  Californium sê siŏh cṳ̄ng gĭng-sṳ̆k, iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng huá-hŏk nguòng-só.  Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só sê 98, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Cf.
  
title: Californium
wikitext: {{twinLAT|鐦}}
  {{infobox element
  |number=98
  |symbol=Cf
  |name=Californi
  |laname=californium
  |left=[[berkelium|Berkeli]]
  |right=[[einsteinium|Einsteini]]
  |above=[[dysprosium|Dysprosi]]
  |below=(Upn)
  |series=actinium-hiê
  |period=7
  |block=f
  |group=n/a
  |appearance=silvery
  |image name=Californium.jpg
  |image alt=A very small disc of silvery metal, magnified to show its metallic texture
  |image size=
  |atomic mass=(251)
  |atomic mass ref={{sfn|CRC|2006|p=4.56}}
  |electron configuration=&#91;[[radon|Rn]]&#93; 5f<sup>10</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup>
  |electron configuration ref={{sfn|CRC|2006|p=1.14}}
  |electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2
  |phase=gó-tā̤
  |Mohs hardness=3–4
  |Mohs hardness ref={{sfn|CRC|1991|p=254}}
  |density gpcm3nrt=15.1
  |density gpcm3nrt ref={{sfn|CRC|2006|p=4.56}}<!-- {{sfn|O'Neil|2006|p=276}} - why cmt out? 07-2014-->
  |melting point K=1173<!-- {{sfn|Greenwood|Earnshaw|1997|p=1263}} -->
  |melting point C=900
  |melting point ref={{sfn|CRC|2006|p=4.56}}
  |melting point F=1652
  |boiling point K=1743
  |boiling point comment=''(estimation)''<ref>{{cite book|author1=Joseph Jacob Katz|author2=Glenn Theodore Seaborg|author3=Lester R. Morss|title=The Chemistry of the actinide elements|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=UuPvAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=11 July 2011|year=1986|publisher=Chapman and Hall|isbn=9780412273704|page=1038}}</ref>
  |boiling point C=1470
  |boiling point F=2678
  |crystal structure=double hexagonal close packed
  |crystal structure ref=
  |crystal structure comment=
  |oxidation states=2, '''3''', 4
  |oxidation states ref={{sfn|Greenwood|Earnshaw|1997|p=1265}}
  |electronegativity=1.3
  |electronegativity ref={{sfn|Emsley|1998|p=50}}
  |number of ionization energies=1
  |ionization energy 1=608
  |ionization energy 1 ref={{sfn|CRC|2006|p=10.204}}
  |CAS number=7440-71-3
  |CAS number ref={{sfn|CRC|2006|p=4.56}}
  |isotopes=
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=248 | sym=Cf
   | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=333.5&nbsp;d
   | dm1=[[alpha emission|α]] (100%) | de1=6.369 | link1=curium-244 | pn1=244 | ps1=Cm
   | dm2=[[spontaneous fission|SF]]&nbsp;(2.9×10<sup>−3</sup>%) | de2=0.0029 | pn2= | ps2=–}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=249 | sym=Cf
   | na=syn | hl=351&nbsp;y
   | dm1=α (100%)| de1=6.295 | link1=curium-245 | pn1=245 | ps1=Cm
   | dm2=SF&nbsp;(5.0×10<sup>−7</sup>%)| de2=4.4×10<sup>−7</sup> | pn2= | ps2=–}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=250 | sym=Cf
   | na=syn | hl=13.08&nbsp;y
   | dm1=α (99.92%)| de1=6.129 | link1=curium-246 | pn1=246 | ps1=Cm
   | dm2=SF (0.08%)| de2=0.077 | pn2= | ps2=–}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=251 | sym=Cf
   | na=syn | hl=898&nbsp;y
   | dm=α | de=6.172 | link1=curium-247 | pn=247 | ps=Cm}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=252 | sym=Cf
   | na=syn | hl=2.645&nbsp;y
   | dm1=α (96.91%)| de1=6.217 | link1=curium-248 | pn1=248 | ps1=Cm
   | dm2=SF (3.09%)| de2=– | pn2= | ps2=–}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=253 | sym=Cf
   | na=syn | hl=17.81&nbsp;d
   | dm1=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] (99.69%) | de1=0.29 | link1=einsteinium-253 | pn1=253 | ps1=Es
   | dm2=α (0.31%)| de2=6.126 | link2=curium-249 | pn2=249 | ps2=Cm}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=254 | sym=Cf
   | na=syn | hl=60.5&nbsp;d
   | dm1=SF (99.69%) | de1=– | pn1= | ps1=–
   | dm2=α (0.31%) | de2=5.930 | link2=curium-250 | pn2=250 | ps2=Cm}}
  
  |isotopes ref={{sfn|CRC|2006|p=11.196}}<ref name="NNDC2008">{{cite web
  | url = http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/
  | author = NNDC contributors
  | editor = Sonzogni, Alejandro A. (Database Manager)
  | title = Chart of Nuclides
  | publisher = National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory
  | accessdate = 1 March 2010
  | date = 2008
  | archive-date = 21 July 2011
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110721051025/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/
  | deadurl = yes
  }}</ref>
  
   |naming=after [[California]], where it was discovered
   |discovered by=[[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]]
   |discovery date=1950
  }}
  '''Californium''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[gĭng-sṳ̆k]], iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só]].  [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 98, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Cf.
  ==Huá-hŏk séng-cék==
  
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