text: # Thulium
  Chăng-kō̤ Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ Háng-cê gì bēng-buōng. / 參考閩東語漢字其版本。
  Thulium sê siŏh cṳ̄ng gĭng-sṳ̆k, iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng huá-hŏk nguòng-só.  Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só sê 69, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Tm.
  
title: Thulium
wikitext: {{twinLAT|銩}}
  {{Infobox element
  |number=69
  |symbol=Tm
  |name=Thuli
  |laname=thulium
  |left=[[erbium|Erbi]]
  |right=[[ytterbium|Ytterbi]]
  |above=–
  |below=[[mendelevium|Mendelevi]]
  |series=lanthanum-hiê
  |period=6
  |block=f
  |group=n/a
  |image name=Thulium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg
  |appearance=silvery gray
  |atomic mass=168.93422
  |atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
  |atomic mass 2=2
  |atomic mass comment=
  |electron configuration=&#91;[[xenon|Xe]]&#93; 4f<sup>13</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup>
  |electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
  |phase=gó-tā̤
  |density gpcm3nrt=9.32
  |density gpcm3mp=8.56
  |melting point K=1818
  |melting point C=1545
  |melting point F=2813
  |boiling point K=2223
  |boiling point C=1950
  |boiling point F=3542
  |heat fusion=16.84
  |heat vaporization=191
  |heat capacity=27.03
  |vapor pressure 1=1117
  |vapor pressure 10=1235
  |vapor pressure 100=1381
  |vapor pressure 1 k=1570
  |vapor pressure 10 k=(1821)
  |vapor pressure 100 k=(2217)
  |vapor pressure comment=
  |crystal structure=hexagonal close packed
  |oxidation states=2, '''3'''
  |oxidation states comment=(a [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide)
  |electronegativity=1.25
  |number of ionization energies=3
  |ionization energy 1=596.7
  |ionization energy 2=1160
  |ionization energy 3=2285
  |atomic radius=176
  |covalent radius=190±10
  |magnetic ordering=[[paramagnetic]]
  |magnetic ordering comment=(at&nbsp;300&nbsp;K)
  |electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
  |electrical resistivity=poly:&nbsp;676
  |electrical resistivity comment=(at&nbsp;{{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}})
  |thermal conductivity=16.9
  |thermal expansion=poly:&nbsp;13.3
  |thermal expansion comment=(at&nbsp;{{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}})
  |Young's modulus=74.0
  |Shear modulus=30.5
  |Bulk modulus=44.5
  |Poisson ratio=0.213
  |Vickers hardness=470–650
  |Brinell hardness=470–900
  |CAS number=7440-30-4
  |isotopes=
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=167 | sym=Tm
   | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E5 s|9.25&nbsp;d]]
   | dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=0.748 | link1=erbium-167 | pn=167 | ps=Er}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=168 | sym=Tm
   | na=syn | hl=[[1 E6 s|93.1&nbsp;d]]
   | dm=ε | de=1.679 | link1=erbium-168 | pn=168 | ps=Er}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=169 | sym=Tm | na=100% | hl=– | dm=([[alpha decay|α]]) | de=1.2004 | link1=holmium-165 | pn=165 | ps=Ho }}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=170 | sym=Tm
   | na=syn | hl=[[1 E7 s|128.6&nbsp;d]]
   | dm=[[beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0.968 | link1=ytterbium-170 | pn=170 | ps=Yb}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=171 | sym=Tm
   | na=syn | hl=[[1 E s|1.92&nbsp;y]]
   | dm=β<sup>−</sup> | de=0.096 | link1=ytterbium-171 | pn=171 | ps=Yb}}
  |isotopes comment=Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
  |naming=after [[Thule]], a mythical region in Scandinavia
  |discovery and first isolation by=[[Per Teodor Cleve]]
  |discovery date=1879
  }}
  '''Thulium''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[gĭng-sṳ̆k]], iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só]].  [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 69, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Tm.
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