text: # Thallium
  Chăng-kō̤ Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ Háng-cê gì bēng-buōng. / 參考閩東語漢字其版本。
  Thallium sê siŏh cṳ̄ng gĭng-sṳ̆k, iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng huá-hŏk nguòng-só. Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só sê 81, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Tl.
title: Thallium
wikitext: {{twinLAT|鉈}}
  {{Infobox element
  |number=81
  |symbol=Tl
  |name=Tali
  |enname=thallium
  |laname=thallium
  |left=[[Cūi-ngṳ̀ng]]
  |right=[[Iòng (gĭng-sṳ̆k)|Iòng]]
  |above=[[indium|Indi]]
  |below=[[Nihonium|Nihoni]]
  |series=bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k
  |group=13
  |period=6
  |block=p
  |image name=Thallium pieces in ampoule.jpg
  |appearance=silvery white
  |atomic mass=204.38 
  |atomic mass ref=<ref name="CIAAW">[http://www.ciaaw.org/pubs/TSAW2013_xls.xls Conventional Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
  |atomic mass 2=
  |atomic mass comment=(204.382–204.385)<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
  |electron configuration=&#91;[[xenon|Xe]]&#93; 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>10</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> 6p<sup>1</sup>
  |electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
  |phase=gó-tā̤
  |density gpcm3nrt=11.85
  |density gpcm3mp=11.22
  |melting point K=577
  |melting point C=304
  |melting point F=579
  |boiling point K=1746
  |boiling point C=1473
  |boiling point F=2683
  |heat fusion=4.14
  |heat vaporization=165
  |heat capacity=26.32
  |vapor pressure 1=882
  |vapor pressure 10=977
  |vapor pressure 100=1097
  |vapor pressure 1 k=1252
  |vapor pressure 10 k=1461
  |vapor pressure 100 k=1758
  |vapor pressure comment=
  |crystal structure=hexagonal close packed
  |oxidation states='''3''', 2, '''1''', −1, −2, −5<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/ic960014z|title=Na<sub>23</sub>K<sub>9</sub>Tl<sub>15.3</sub>:  An Unusual Zintl Compound Containing Apparent Tl<sub>5</sub><sup>7-</sup>, Tl<sub>4</sub><sup>8−</sup>, Tl<sub>3</sub><sup>7−</sup>, and Tl<sup>5−</sup> Anions|year=1996|last1=Dong|first1=Z.-C.|last2=Corbett|first2=J. D.|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|volume=35|issue=11|pages=3107–12}}</ref>
  |oxidation states comment=(a&nbsp;mildly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide)
  |electronegativity=1.62
  |number of ionization energies=3
  |ionization energy 1=589.4
  |ionization energy 2=1971
  |ionization energy 3=2878
  |atomic radius=170
  |covalent radius=145±7
  |Van der Waals radius=196
  |magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetic]]
  |magnetic ordering ref=<ref>{{cite book | url = http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf | chapter = Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds | editor = Lide, D. R. | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 86th | location = Boca Raton (FL) | publisher = CRC Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-8493-0486-5 | accessdate = 2018-06-03 | archive-date = 2011-03-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf | deadurl =  }}</ref>
  |electrical resistivity unit prefix=µ
  |electrical resistivity at 20=0.18
  |thermal conductivity=46.1
  |thermal expansion at 25=29.9
  |speed of sound rod at 20=818
  |Young's modulus=8
  |Shear modulus=2.8
  |Bulk modulus=43
  |Poisson ratio=0.45
  |Mohs hardness=1.2
  |Brinell hardness=26.5–44.7
  |CAS number=7440-28-0
  |isotopes=
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=203 | sym=Tl | na=29.524% | hl=– | dm=([[alpha decay|α]]) | de=0.9108 | link1=gold-199 | pn=199 | ps=Au }}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=204 | sym=Tl
   | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=3.78&nbsp;y
   | dm1=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de1=0.764 | link1=lead-204 | pn1=204 | ps1=Pb
   | dm2=[[electron capture|ε]] | de2=0.347 | link2=mercury-204 | pn2=204 | ps2=Hg}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=205 | sym=Tl | na=70.476% | hl=– | dm=(α) | de=0.1567 | link1=gold-201 | pn=201 | ps=Au }}
  |isotopes comment=Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
  |discovered by=[[William Crookes]]
  |discovery date=1861
  |first isolation by=[[Claude-Auguste Lamy]]
  |first isolation date=1862
  }}
  '''Thallium''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[gĭng-sṳ̆k]], iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só]]. [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 81, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Tl.
  
  ==Huá-hŏk séng-cék==
  
  ==Éng-ê̤ṳng==
  
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  [[分類:Huá-hŏk nguòng-só]]