text: # Cerium
  Chăng-kō̤ Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ Háng-cê gì bēng-buōng. / 參考閩東語漢字其版本。
  Cerium sê siŏh cṳ̄ng gĭng-sṳ̆k, iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng huá-hŏk nguòng-só.  Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só sê 58, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Ce.
  
title: Cerium
wikitext: {{twinLAT|鈰}}
  {{Infobox element
  |number=58
  |symbol=Ce
  |name=Ceri
  |laname=cerium
  |left=[[lanthanum|Lantan]]
  |right=[[praseodymium|Praseodymi]]
  |above=–
  |below=[[thorium|Thori]]
  |series=lanthanum-hiê
  |period=6
  |group=n/a
  |block=f
  |image name=Cerium2.jpg
  |appearance=silvery white
  |atomic mass=140.116
  |atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
  |atomic mass 2=1
  |atomic mass comment=
  |electron configuration=&#91;[[xenon|Xe]]&#93; 4f<sup>1</sup> 5d<sup>1</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup>
  |electron configuration ref=<ref>[http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/IonEnergy/tblNew.html Ground levels and ionization energies for the neutral atoms] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312233305/http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/IonEnergy/tblNew.html |date=2013-03-12 }}, NIST</ref>
  |electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2
  |phase=gó-tā̤
  |density gpcm3nrt=6.770
  |density gpcm3mp=6.55
  |melting point K=1068
  |melting point C=795
  |melting point F=1463
  |boiling point K=3716
  |boiling point C=3443
  |boiling point F=6229
  |heat fusion=5.46
  |heat vaporization=398
  |heat capacity=26.94
  |vapor pressure 1=1992
  |vapor pressure 10=2194
  |vapor pressure 100=2442
  |vapor pressure 1 k=2754
  |vapor pressure 10 k=3159
  |vapor pressure 100 k=3705
  |vapor pressure comment=
  |crystal structure=double hexagonal close packed
  |crystal structure comment=&beta;-Ce
  |crystal structure 2=face-centered cubic
  |crystal structure 2 comment=&gamma;-Ce
  |oxidation states='''4''', '''3''', 2, 1
  |oxidation states comment=(a&nbsp;mildly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide)
  |electronegativity=1.12
  |number of ionization energies=4
  |ionization energy 1=534.4
  |ionization energy 2=1050
  |ionization energy 3=1949
  |atomic radius=181.8
  |covalent radius=204±9
  |magnetic ordering=[[paramagnetic]]
  |magnetic ordering ref=<ref name=magnet>{{cite book | url = http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf | chapter = Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds | editor = Lide, D. R. | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 86th | location = Boca Raton (FL) | publisher = CRC Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-8493-0486-5 | accessdate = 2018-06-10 | archive-date = 2011-03-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf | deadurl =  }}</ref>
  |electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
  |electrical resistivity=β, poly: 828
  |electrical resistivity comment=(at&nbsp;{{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}})
  |thermal conductivity=11.3
  |thermal expansion=γ, poly: 6.3
  |thermal expansion comment=(at&nbsp;{{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}})
  |speed of sound rod at 20=2100
  |Young's modulus=γ form: 33.6
  |Shear modulus=γ form: 13.5
  |Bulk modulus=γ form: 21.5
  |Poisson ratio=γ form: 0.24
  |Mohs hardness=2.5
  |Vickers hardness=210–470
  |Brinell hardness=186–412
  |CAS number=7440-45-1
  |isotopes=
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=134 | sym=Ce
   | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E4 s|3.16&nbsp;d]]
   | dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=0.500 | link1=lanthanum-134 | pn=134 | ps=La}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=136 | sym=Ce | na=0.185% | hl=[[1 E19 s and more|>3.8×10<sup>16</sup>&nbsp;y]] | dm=([[double beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup>]]) | de=2.419 | link1=barium-136 | pn=136 | ps=Ba}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=138 | sym=Ce | na=0.251% | hl=[[1 E19 s and more|>1.5×10<sup>14</sup>&nbsp;y]] | dm=(β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup>) | de=0.694 | link1=barium-138 | pn=138 | ps=Ba}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=139 | sym=Ce
   | na=syn | hl=[[1 E5 s|137.640&nbsp;d]]
   | dm=ε | de=0.278 | link1=lanthanum-139 | pn=139 | ps=La}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=140 | sym=Ce | na=88.450% | hl=– | dm=([[spontaneous fission|SF]]) | de=<43.633 | pn= | ps= }}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=141 | sym=Ce
   | na=syn | hl=[[1 E5 s|32.501&nbsp;d]]
   | dm=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0.581 | link1=praseodymium-141 | pn=141 | ps=Pr}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=142 | sym=Ce
   | na=11.114% | hl=[[1 E19 s and more|>5×10<sup>16</sup>&nbsp;y]]
   | dm1=([[double beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup>]]) | de1=1.417 | link1=neodymium-142 | pn1=142 | ps1=Nd
   | dm2=([[alpha decay|α]]) | de2=1.298 | link2=barium-138 | pn2=138 | ps2=Ba}}
  {{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=144 | sym=Ce
   | na=syn | hl=[[1 E5 s|284.893&nbsp;d]]
   | dm=β<sup>−</sup> | de=0.319 | link1=praseodymium-144 | pn=144 | ps=Pr}}
  |isotopes comment=Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
  |naming=after dwarf planet [[Ceres (dwarf planet)|Ceres]], itself named after Roman deity of agriculture [[Ceres (mythology)|Ceres]]
  |discovered by=[[Martin Heinrich Klaproth]], [[Jöns Jakob Berzelius]], [[Wilhelm Hisinger]]
  |discovery date=1803
  |first isolation by=[[Carl Gustaf Mosander]]
  |first isolation date=1839
  }}
  '''Cerium''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[gĭng-sṳ̆k]], iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só]].  [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 58, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Ce.
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