# Notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal i Taywan

## Notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal i Taywan (臺灣南島語族)
Notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal i Taywan, masowal o Formosa a sowal (Inkiris: Formosan languages), o adihayay kasasiiked a pipolong a sowal i notimolan kanatal sowal no finacadan i Taywan, polong no tamdaw salongan ira ko 20 ’ofad[2], milesap i sa’etal no yincuminco i Taywan, o kalosowal o sowal no kitakit i Taywan, o sowal no Tao ko polongan a sowal no Taywan yincuminco, manga’ay siikeden ko ka’amisay notimolan kanatal sowal no finacadan i Taywan, Cou, Ngudradrekai, Payuan, Pinuyumayan, Bunun ato pasawaliay no Taywan a notimolan kanatal sowal no finacadan a sowal, o kasasiroma no pisa’osi, salongan ira ko 20 tanfasa 30 ko sowal[3]. O notimolan kanatal sowal no finacadan saheto o awaayay ko tilid i ’ayaw, anini ira to ko nano tilid no Roma ko patodongan a tilid, o saka sasowal tono ina a sowal salongan ira ko 18 ’ofad a tamdaw[padetek 1]
Roma sato, o maro’ay itini i Lanyu a Tao finacadan, talacowa milecad to i Taywanay yincumin a finacadan, citodong to sowal no itiniay Taywan finacadan a sowal no Tao a sowal, nika o nisowalan no Tao masiiked itiniay i Polynesia finacadan a badan finacadan, caayay ko no notimolan kanatal sowal no finacadan i Taywan, kona caay patodongen itini a kamok. Sacisowal sa ko no Dipong o Takasago finacadan sowal saan.
Notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal i Taywan polong no nano sowal i nitimolan ira ko nika tadamaan, itiyaay notimolan kanatal a sowal malesap i kasa’etal a pinanowan, pinalengaw, manengneng i kasasireoma no sekal ato kafafalic no romi’ad, onini pahapinang to notimolan kanatal sowal i Taywan o matelangan cira. Pakayni i sowal a pikingkiw mapasadak ko parana’an, ngalef adihayay a sowal mikingkiway paso’elin o “laloma’an no to’as” no timolan finacadan ko Taywan. Taywan yincuminco wuyinhuy a pipa’ayaw to Taywan yincuminco ato notimolan kanatal sowal finacadan a kakiharan pahapinang “Taywan yincuminco o nano notimolan kanatal sowal a finacadan… o notimolan kanatal sowal a finacadan o sadadahalay itini i hekal a finacadan; masiiked i kasa’etal i ka’etip o kawali katimol no Africa a Madagascar kanatal, milakec to Intoyang tangasa i Easter (piliyawan ma’orip) kanatal; ka’amis o Taywan, talatimol o New Zealand, o Taywan o saka’amisay a notimolan sowal finacadan a masiiked”. [4]

### Lalengawan (起源)
O yincumin no Taywan ato Filipin, Intonisiya kasakanatal a yincumin saheto o nano notimolan sowal a finacadan a kakiharan. Onini nai ’ayawan to’ek likisi no Taywan mafolaway a sowal o nika lalen a malecad no kasa’etal. No ka;ayaway a nisowalan, halo sowal no Micronesia, pasatomol, tenokan no katimol kanatal, kaetipay Siciniya (West New Guinea) a kitakit[6].
Taywan satakaraway kingkiwyin (1996) paratoh: “Notimolan kanatal sowal (Austronesian) roma sowal o Malay-Polynesian sowal (Malay-Polynesian), polong no hekal itiniay i kanatal a masafelaway a sowal finacadan”. Satakaraway kingkiwyin Tangafolan ponka tilid calay pasowal to, “Ma’oripay i Taywan a yincuminco, oya Tangafolan ato Kozanzoku, o saka sasowal nangra, manga’ayay saka sasowal makakihar, matiya o itiraay i Taypinyang, Intoyang a kasakanatalay adihayay a sowal a sangasaw, matiya o nisowalan no mikingkiway a sowal ‘notimolan kanatay a sowal’ (Austronesian) ato (Austronesian)” [7].

### Kasasiiked a sangasaw (分類系譜)

#### O niyaro’ no notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal ko Taywan (臺灣被視為南島語系的原鄉)
So’elin to, sa’aloman sato ko katadamaan no hakasi patalahekal notimolan kanatal a sowal I Taaywan. Mikingkiwan no hakasi a sowal no notimolan kanatal o tato’asan kamaro’an ko Taywan, ngalef o lalengawan no to’asay notimolan kanatal a finacadan ko Taywan saan (nengneng Blust 1985；Bellwood 1991).
Taer (Dahl 1976) paratatenga notimolan kanatay sowal i Taywan mana’ang ko adihayay tadamaanay notimolan kanatal a sowal, o cecay no polong notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal. Tonini a parana’an, Payles (Blus 1982) pa’ayaw palasepat to ca’ang to notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal: Tayal finacadan, Cou finacadan, Payuan finacadan, ato Malay – Polynesian finacadan. Ikoray to pikingkiw no Payles (Blus 1999) midotoc to ngiha, o nano Payuan finacadan a cecay ca’ang pasiikedan to, oya notimolan kanatal finacadan pala mo’etep piiked: Tayal finacadan, kaetip ka’amis finacadan, kaetip dafdaf finacadan, Cou finacadan, Ngudradrekai finacadan, Payuan finacadan, Pinuyumayan finacadan, Bunun finacadan, kawaliay no Taywan notimolan kanatal finawlan, ato Malay – Polynesian finacadan[8].
Mo’etepay notimolan kanatal finacadan a siwaay saheto itiniay i Taywan, roma itiraay i kasa kanatal no Taypinyang to awiday no 1000 a notimolan kanatal finacadan malecaday sowal a finacadan, mahapinang itiniay i notimolan kanatal a finawlan a likisi i, o Taywan iraay i notimolan kanatal a finacadan a maro’ay, sa’ayaway kahiceraan a sa’etal.

#### Sowal matisil (語言列表)
I 2009 miheca, midotoc to paini no Linhoko kiwiko ponka sakapot, o Basai sowal, Ketagalan sowal, Maowushu sowal a 7 finacadan o awaayay to; roma, Kavalan sowal, Thao sowal a 7 finacadan o mamalasawad to, o Saiyan finacadan sowal o tadancaay to, o Atayal sowal, Pinuyumayan sowal, Bunun sowal a 9 finacadan a sowal malotayay to[9][10].

#### Ono kitakit nisetekan sowal no yincuminco (官方認定之原住民族語言)
| Ngangan no finacadan | Kowaping   | Finacadan iso pinang | Sowal                                                                                             |
| Saysiyat             | 賽夏       | xsy                  | Tai sowal, Tonghe sowal                                                                           |
| Thau                 | 邵         | ssf                  | Ka’amis hefong, Tapinlin                                                                          |
| Kbalan               | 噶瑪蘭     | ckv                  |                                                                                                   |
| Amis/Pangcah         | 阿美       | ami                  | Cikasoan, Tarawadaw, Pasawali, Falangaw, Palidaw                                                  |
| Sakizaya             | 撒奇萊雅   | szy                  |                                                                                                   |
| Puyuma               | 卑南       | pyu                  | Puyuma, Katratripul, Pinaski, Kasavakan                                                           |
| Bunun                | 布農       | bnn                  | Takitudu, Takibakha, Takivatan, Takbanuaz, Isbukun                                                |
| Paiwan               | 排灣       | pwn                  | Ravar(Vuculj), Paumaumaq(Pavuavua), Tjuakuvukuvulj(Sapediq, Paljiljaljiljav), Seqalu (Paqaluqalu) |
| Cou                  | 鄒         | tsu                  | Tfuya, Tapangu, Luhtu, Imucu, Kanakanavu                                                          |
| Kanakanavu           | 卡那卡那富 | xnb                  |                                                                                                   |
| Hlaʼalua             | 拉阿魯哇   | sxr                  |                                                                                                   |
| Drekai               | 魯凱       | dru                  | Terdreka, Kongadavange, Oponoho, Vedai, Labwane, Tarumake                                         |
| Tayal                | 泰雅       | tay                  | Sekoleq, Malepa, Tseole, Malikoan、Mapanox, Mabaala                                               |
| Truku                | 太魯閣     | trv                  | Truku, Toda, Tgdaya                                                                               |
| Seediq               | 賽德克     | trv                  | Truku, Toda, Tgdaya                                                                               |


#### Caayayho kapangangan a sowal no yincuminco (未正名之原住民族語言)
| Ngangan no finacadan | Kowaping | Finacadan iso pinang | Sowal             |
| Basay                | 巴賽     | byq                  | Trobiawan, Linaw  |
| Ketagalan            | 凱達格蘭 | kae                  | Luilang           |
| Papora               | 巴布拉   | ppu                  |                   |
| Hoanya               | 洪雅     | ppu                  | Arikun, Lloa      |
| Taokas               | 道卡斯   | bzg                  |                   |
| Babuza               | 巴布薩   | bzg                  | Babuza, Favorlang |
| Kulon                | 龜崙     | uon                  |                   |
| Pazeh                | 巴宰     | pzh                  |                   |
| Kaxabu               | 噶哈巫   | pzh                  |                   |
| Taivoan              | 大武壠   | tvx                  |                   |
| Siraya               | 西拉雅   | fox                  |                   |
| Makatao              | 馬卡道   | fox                  |                   |


### Salongan (特徵)
Notimolan kanatal a sowal no Taywan mana’ang i to’asan no notimolan kanatal finacadan a ponka ko tadamaan. Salalan no sakingiha i, saadihayay sowal limaay ko wina no ngiha, sadama ngiha masapinangay, caay ka sasifod; ira ko karatengay kahemaway, nika awaay ko no kowaping a ngiha. Masongila’ ko silsil no sowal, o cecay no sasowal ato adihayay a sowal masakapot, adihay ko kasangiha[16].
Itini i sasowalan, notimolay kanatal a sowal satadamaanay a salongan misarocoday, o nianan koya materekay a nga’ayay no notimolan kanatal a sowal, o nian koya notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal i Taywan. Oya salongan misarocoday, o pi’eses to kasasowal ato kasalikel a mahapinang ko sapasowal no patodongan[17].

### Sasowalan (詞彙)
O kalosowal ato notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal itini i laeno, ato mingataay to notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal a Badan finacadan a Tao sowal ato Ibadan sowal a sasowalan kasasitiri’, oyanan a notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal mateli sa’ayaway, o nian ko kasasotiri’an[18].
| Sasowalan                           | Sasowalan                           | 1            | 2      | 3         | 4        | 5            | tamdaw             | mata           | waco     | Romi’ad      | Fa’elohay      | kita              | maan             | lamal        |
| notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal | notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal | *əsa *isa    | *duSa  | *təlu     | *Səpat   | *lima        | *Cau               | *maCa          | *(w)asu  | *qaləjaw     | *baqəRu        | *i-kita           | *n-anu           | *Sapuy       |
| ’Amis                               | Pasawali ’Amis                      | cecay        | tosa   | tolo      | sepat    | lima         | tamdaw/ pangcah    | mata           | waco     | romi'ad      | falohay        | kita              | o maan           | namal        |
| Tayal                               | Sekoleq                             | qutux        | sazing | cyugal    | payat    | magal        | 'tayal             | roziq          | huzil    | ryax         | giqas          | ita'              | nanu'            | puniq        |
| Paiwan                              | Ravar(Vuculj)                       | ita          | drusa  | tjelu     | sepatj   | lima         | cawcau/ kacalisian | maca           | vatu     | 'adav        | va'uan         | ti tjen/ ti mitja | anema/ kemuda    | sapuy        |
| Bunun                               | Takitudu                            | tasa         | dusa   | tau       | pat      | ima          | bunun              | mata           | asu      | hanian       | bahlu          | kata/ mita        | maz/ mikuabin tu | sapuz        |
| Puyuma                              | Puyuma                              | sa           | druwa  | telu      | pat      | lima         | trau               | matra          | suwan    | wari         | bekal/ bekalan | ta/ tayta         | amanay           | apuy         |
| Puyuma                              | Kasavakan                           | isa          | zuwa   | telu      | pat      | lima         | trau               | matra          | suwan    | wari         | vekalan        | ta/ inta          | eman             | apuy         |
| Puyuma                              | Katratripul,                        | isa          | zuwa   | tulu      | pat      | lima         | trau               | matra          | suwan    | wari         | vekal          | ta/ inta          | eman             | apuy         |
| Puyuma                              | Pinaski                             | isa          | zuwa   | telu      | pat      | lima         | cau                | maca           | suwan    | wari         | vekal          | ta/ inta          | eman             | apuy         |
| Drekai                              | Terdreka                            | eea          | drosa  | tolo      | so'ate   | lima         | lraomase           | maca           | taw'ong  | vaiyana      | bawa           | kota konai        | manema tomatoma  | a'oy         |
| Drekai                              | Labwane                             | ea           | drusa  | tulru     | supate   | lrima        | umase              | maca           | taupungu | vai          | bauwa          | kuta              | manema/ aituma   | apui         |
| Drekai                              | Kongadavange                        | itha         | drusa  | tulru     | supate   | lrima        | umawmase           | maca           | taupungu | vai          | bavane         | kuta              | manemane         | apwi         |
| Drekai                              | Oponoho                             | drɨga        | drusa  | tulru     | pate     | rima         | cquliq             | maca           | atho     | viene        | bovva          | mitia             | nanu/ hmcwa      | apuru        |
| Drekai                              | Vedai                               | nega         | drosa  | too       | pate     | yima         | coaw               | maca           | atho     | va'iyane     | baowane        | kita              | manini           | apoi         |
| Drekai                              | Tarumake                            | neka         | nosa   | tulru     | pate     | lrima        | ocao               | lringao        | ta'olro  | menanae      | vao'ae         | imite             | lalu/ mhcwa      | apoi         |
| Cou                                 | Cou                                 | coni         | yuso   | tuyu      | sʉptʉ    | eimo         | cou                | mcoo           | av'u     | hie          | faeva          | a'to              | cuma.            | puzu         |
| Saysiyat                            | Saysiyat                            | 'aehae'      | roSa'  | to:o'     | Sopat    | haseb/ :aseb | mae'iyaeh          | masa'          | 'aehoe'  | hahila:      | SaSo'          | 'ita'             | kano'            | hapoy        |
| Gahau                               | Gahau                               | adang/ida    | dusa   | turu/tu'u | sepat    | xasep        | saw                | dauik/daurik   | wazu     | daali        | xias           | ita               | asay/axay        | hapuy        |
| Thau                                | Thau                                | tata         | tusha  | turu      | shpaat   | tarima       | thau               | matha          | atu      | qali         | faqlhu         | ita               | numa             | apuy         |
| Babusa                              | Babusa                              | nata         | naroa  | naxup     | napat    | nahup        | babosa/cho         | magcha         | mato     | zysya        | bao            | torro             | numma            | chaû         |
| Truku                               | Truku                               | kingal/ uwin | dha    | tru       | spat     | rima         | seejiq             | dowriq         | huling   | jiyax        | bgurah         | ita               | manu             | tahut        |
| Seediq                              | Truku                               | kingal       | dha    | tru       | spac     | rima         | seejiq             | dowriq         | huling   | jiyax        | bgurah         | ita               | manu             | puniq/ tahut |
| Seediq                              | Toda                                | kingal       | dha    | tru       | spac     | rima         | seejiq/ seediq     | dawriq/ dowriq | huling   | jiyax/ diyax | burah          | ita               | manu             | tmahu/ mtahu |
| Seediq                              | Tgdaya                              | kingal       | daha   | teru      | sepac    | rima         | seediq             | doriq          | huling   | ali          | bgurah         | ita               | maanu            | puniq        |
| Sakizaya                            | Sakizaya                            | cacay        | tusa   | tulu      | sepat    | lima         | tademaw/ Sakizaya  | mata           | wacu     | demiad       | baluhay        | kita              | canan/ mihica    | lamal        |
| Kavalan                             | Kavalan                             | ussiq        | uzusa  | utulu     | usepat   | ulima        | lazat              | mata           | wasu     | deddan       | tasu ay        | aita              | niana            | Ramaz        |
| Hlaʼalua                            | Hlaʼalua                            | ucani        | usua   | utulu     | upatʉ    | ulima        | cucu'u             | vulaihli       | tasau    | aari         | varu'u         | ihlahlamu         | misaini          | apuhlu       |
| Kanakanavu                          | Kanakanavu                          | ucani        | urucin | uturu     | usʉʉpatʉ | urima        | cau                | vo'in          | tacau    | taniara      | vo'oorua       | iikita            | neni             | 'apuru       |
| Taivoan                             | Taivoan                             | caha         | ruha   | toho      | paha     | hima         | pinalang           | mata           | cau      | maki         | vahu           | kita              | mang             | apui         |
| Badan finacadan                     | Tao                                 | asa          | doa    | atlo      | apat     | lima         | tao                | mata           | ino      | araraw       | vayo           | ta                | ikong            | apoy         |
| Badan finacadan                     | Badan                               | asa          | dadowa | tatdo     | apat     | lima         | tao                | mata           | chito    | araw         | va-yo          | yaten             | ango             | apoy         |


### Paheciay (註釋)
1. ^ 根據Ethnologue:     Languages of the World (2022)的資料。精確的數目是181,200人。未列入使用不屬於臺灣南島語的達悟語的3,800人。


### Pawa’ayan (腳註)
1. ^ Blust, R. (1999). "Subgrouping,      circularity and extinction: some issues in Austronesian comparative      linguistics" in E. Zeitoun & P.J.K Li (Ed.) Selected papers from      the Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics (pp.      31-94). Taipei: Academia Sinica.
2. ^ 109      年人口及住宅普查初步統計結果提要分析 (PDF). [2022-06-22].      （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-12-02）.
3. ^ 李壬癸. The      internal relationships of Formosan languages (台灣南島語的內部關係).      2006 [2019-07-17]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-06）.
4. ^ 中華民國原住民族委員會. 台灣原住民族與世界南島語系民族的關係 - 南島語族 - 平埔族及南島語族簡介 - 族群與文化. [2011-08-05]. （原始內容存檔於2011-07-01）.
5. ^ 原住民族語言發展法三讀通過，原住民族語言為國家語言. 中華民國原住民族委員會. [2017-08-03]. （原始內容存檔於2017-08-01）.
6. ^ 平埔文化專題. 中央研究院民族所數位典藏. （原始內容存檔於2014-08-19）.
7. ^ 史前時代南島語系民族的大遷移. [2009-01-24]. （原始內容存檔於2009-01-14）.
8. ^ Robert Blust. 1999. Subgrouping, Circularity      and Extinction: Some issues in Austronesian comparative linguistics. In      Elizabeth Zeitoun and Paul Jen-kuei Li (eds.), Selected papers from the      Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, 1-54.      Taipei, Taiwan: Academia Sinica.
9. ^ ＜聯合國組織報告＞台灣7種語言 已滅絕. 自由時報. 2009-02-21 [2024-03-02]. （原始內容存檔於2024-03-02）.
10. ^ 杜正勝. 部長序. [2019-04-09]. （原始內容存檔於2016-09-22） （中文（臺灣））.
11. ^ 因iso仍未將太魯閣語及賽德克語分別開來，故兩族共用同一語言代碼。
12. ^ 因iso仍未將道卡斯語及巴布薩語分別開來，故兩族共用同一語言代碼。
13. ^ 因iso仍未將道卡斯語及巴布薩語分別開來，故兩族共用同一語言代碼。
14. ^ 因iso仍未將巴宰語及噶哈巫語分別開來，故兩族共用同一語言代碼。
15. ^ 因iso仍未將西拉雅語及馬卡道語分別開來，故兩族共用同一語言代碼。
16. ^ 國立自然科學博物館，2001
17. ^ 何大安、楊秀芳，2000
18. ^ 原住民族語言研究發展中心. 族語千詞表. [2020-08-30]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-29）.


### Pinengnengan tilid (參考文獻)
- Bellwood, Peter. 1991. The Austronesian Dispersal and the     Origins of Languages. Scientific American July: 88-93.
- Blust, Robert. 1982. The Linguistic Value of the Wallace     Line. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia     Sinica 138: 231-50.
- Blust, Robert. 1985. The Austronesian Homeland: A Linguistic     Perspective. Asian Perspective 26, no. 1: 45-67.
- Dahl, Otto Christian. 1976. Proto-Austronesian. Stockholm:     Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies, Monograph Series 15.
- Dyen, Isidore. 1963. The Position of the Malayo-Polynesian     Languages of Formosa. Asian Perspectives 7, no. 1-2:     261-71.
- Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 2004. Language Family     Trees: Austronesian [online]. Dallas, Tex.: Ethnologue: Languages of the     World, [cited 28 October 2004]. Available from World Wide Web: [1] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）.
- Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 2005a. Languages of Taiwan     [online]. Dallas, Tex.: Ethnologue: Languages of the World, [cited 19 January     2005]. Available from World Wide Web: [2].
- Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 2005b. Language Family     Trees: Austronesian, Formosan [online]. Dallas, Tex.: Ethnologue:     Languages of the World, [cited 19 January 2005]. Available from World Wide     Web: [3] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）.
- 國立自然科學博物館，2001，人口與分布，見南島語族     [online]。臺中：國立自然科學博物館。[引用於2005年1月19日]。全球資訊網網址：[4]。
- Haudricourt, Andr G. 1965. Problems of Austronesian Comparative     Philology. Lingua 14 : 315-29.
- 何大安、楊秀芳，2000，南島語與臺灣南島語。收於：吳靜蘭，2000，阿美語參考語法。臺北：遠流。
- Tsuchida, Shigeru. 1976. Reconstruction of Proto-Tsouic     Phonology. Ph.D. diss., Yale University .

中央研究院語言學研究所，nd，臺灣南島語數位典藏 [online]。臺北：中央研究院語言學研究所。[引用於2005年1月19日]。全球資訊網網址：[5]。

### Pinayaran minengneng (延伸閱讀)
- 安倍明義，1930，蕃語研究。臺北：蕃語研究會。
- Blundell, David. eds. 2000. Austronesian Taiwan:     Linguistics, History, Ethnology, and Prehistory. Berkeley, Calif.:     Phoebe Hearst A. Museum of Anthropology.
- 陳康，1992，臺灣高山族語言。北京：中央民族學院出版社。
- 漢語與南島語言談分析學術研討會，1997，漢語與南島語言談分析學術研討會會前論文集。臺北：國立臺灣大學語言學研究所。
- 李壬癸，1992a，臺灣南島語言的語音符號系統。臺北：教育部教育研究委員會。
- 李壬癸，1992b，臺灣南島語言的內部與對外關係。臺東市：國立臺灣史前文化博物館籌備處。
- 李壬癸     編審，1993，臺灣南島語言研究論文日文中譯彙編，黃秀敏 譯。臺東市：國立臺灣史前文化博物館籌備處。
- 李壬癸，2004，臺灣南島語言論文選集。臺北：中央研究院語言學研究所。
- Li, Jen-kuei, Cheng-hwa Tsang Tsang, Ying-kuei Huang, Dah-an     Ho, and Chiu-yu Tseng. eds. 1995. Austronesian Studies Relating to     Taiwan. Taipei: Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica.
- 土田滋、山田幸宏、森口恆一，1991，臺灣‧平埔族の言語資料の整理と分析，1989-1990年度科學研究成果報告書。東京：東京大學言語學系。


Notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal i Taywan
== Notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal i Taywan (臺灣南島語族) ==
Notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal i Taywan, masowal o Formosa a sowal (Inkiris: Formosan languages), o adihayay kasasiiked a pipolong a sowal i notimolan kanatal sowal no finacadan i Taywan, polong no tamdaw salongan ira ko 20 ’ofad[2], milesap i sa’etal no yincuminco i Taywan, o kalosowal o sowal no kitakit i Taywan, o sowal no Tao ko polongan a sowal no Taywan yincuminco, manga’ay siikeden ko ka’amisay notimolan kanatal sowal no finacadan i Taywan, Cou, Ngudradrekai, Payuan, Pinuyumayan, Bunun ato pasawaliay no Taywan a notimolan kanatal sowal no finacadan a sowal, o kasasiroma no pisa’osi, salongan ira ko 20 tanfasa 30 ko sowal[3]. O notimolan kanatal sowal no finacadan saheto o awaayay ko tilid i ’ayaw, anini ira to ko nano tilid no Roma ko patodongan a tilid, o saka sasowal tono ina a sowal salongan ira ko 18 ’ofad a tamdaw[padetek 1]

Roma sato, o maro’ay itini i Lanyu a Tao finacadan, talacowa milecad to i Taywanay yincumin a finacadan, citodong to sowal no itiniay Taywan finacadan a sowal no Tao a sowal, nika o nisowalan no Tao masiiked itiniay i Polynesia finacadan a badan finacadan, caayay ko no notimolan kanatal sowal no finacadan i Taywan, kona caay patodongen itini a kamok. Sacisowal sa ko no Dipong o Takasago finacadan sowal saan.

Notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal i Taywan polong no nano sowal i nitimolan ira ko nika tadamaan, itiyaay notimolan kanatal a sowal malesap i kasa’etal a pinanowan, pinalengaw, manengneng i kasasireoma no sekal ato kafafalic no romi’ad, onini pahapinang to notimolan kanatal sowal i Taywan o matelangan cira. Pakayni i sowal a pikingkiw mapasadak ko parana’an, ngalef adihayay a sowal mikingkiway paso’elin o “laloma’an no to’as” no timolan finacadan ko Taywan. Taywan yincuminco wuyinhuy a pipa’ayaw to Taywan yincuminco ato notimolan kanatal sowal finacadan a kakiharan pahapinang “Taywan yincuminco o nano notimolan kanatal sowal a finacadan… o notimolan kanatal sowal a finacadan o sadadahalay itini i hekal a finacadan; masiiked i kasa’etal i ka’etip o kawali katimol no Africa a Madagascar kanatal, milakec to Intoyang tangasa i Easter (piliyawan ma’orip) kanatal; ka’amis o Taywan, talatimol o New Zealand, o Taywan o saka’amisay a notimolan sowal finacadan a masiiked”. [4]

=== Lalengawan (起源) ===
O yincumin no Taywan ato Filipin, Intonisiya kasakanatal a yincumin saheto o nano notimolan sowal a finacadan a kakiharan. Onini nai ’ayawan to’ek likisi no Taywan mafolaway a sowal o nika lalen a malecad no kasa’etal. No ka;ayaway a nisowalan, halo sowal no Micronesia, pasatomol, tenokan no katimol kanatal, kaetipay Siciniya (West New Guinea) a kitakit[6].

Taywan satakaraway kingkiwyin (1996) paratoh: “Notimolan kanatal sowal (Austronesian) roma sowal o Malay-Polynesian sowal (Malay-Polynesian), polong no hekal itiniay i kanatal a masafelaway a sowal finacadan”. Satakaraway kingkiwyin Tangafolan ponka tilid calay pasowal to, “Ma’oripay i Taywan a yincuminco, oya Tangafolan ato Kozanzoku, o saka sasowal nangra, manga’ayay saka sasowal makakihar, matiya o itiraay i Taypinyang, Intoyang a kasakanatalay adihayay a sowal a sangasaw, matiya o nisowalan no mikingkiway a sowal ‘notimolan kanatay a sowal’ (Austronesian) ato (Austronesian)” [7].

=== Kasasiiked a sangasaw (分類系譜) ===

==== O niyaro’ no notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal ko Taywan (臺灣被視為南島語系的原鄉) ====
So’elin to, sa’aloman sato ko katadamaan no hakasi patalahekal notimolan kanatal a sowal I Taaywan. Mikingkiwan no hakasi a sowal no notimolan kanatal o tato’asan kamaro’an ko Taywan, ngalef o lalengawan no to’asay notimolan kanatal a finacadan ko Taywan saan (nengneng Blust 1985；Bellwood 1991).

Taer (Dahl 1976) paratatenga notimolan kanatay sowal i Taywan mana’ang ko adihayay tadamaanay notimolan kanatal a sowal, o cecay no polong notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal. Tonini a parana’an, Payles (Blus 1982) pa’ayaw palasepat to ca’ang to notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal: Tayal finacadan, Cou finacadan, Payuan finacadan, ato Malay – Polynesian finacadan. Ikoray to pikingkiw no Payles (Blus 1999) midotoc to ngiha, o nano Payuan finacadan a cecay ca’ang pasiikedan to, oya notimolan kanatal finacadan pala mo’etep piiked: Tayal finacadan, kaetip ka’amis finacadan, kaetip dafdaf finacadan, Cou finacadan, Ngudradrekai finacadan, Payuan finacadan, Pinuyumayan finacadan, Bunun finacadan, kawaliay no Taywan notimolan kanatal finawlan, ato Malay – Polynesian finacadan[8].

Mo’etepay notimolan kanatal finacadan a siwaay saheto itiniay i Taywan, roma itiraay i kasa kanatal no Taypinyang to awiday no 1000 a notimolan kanatal finacadan malecaday sowal a finacadan, mahapinang itiniay i notimolan kanatal a finawlan a likisi i, o Taywan iraay i notimolan kanatal a finacadan a maro’ay, sa’ayaway kahiceraan a sa’etal.

==== Sowal matisil (語言列表) ====
I 2009 miheca, midotoc to paini no Linhoko kiwiko ponka sakapot, o Basai sowal, Ketagalan sowal, Maowushu sowal a 7 finacadan o awaayay to; roma, Kavalan sowal, Thao sowal a 7 finacadan o mamalasawad to, o Saiyan finacadan sowal o tadancaay to, o Atayal sowal, Pinuyumayan sowal, Bunun sowal a 9 finacadan a sowal malotayay to[9][10].

==== Ono kitakit nisetekan sowal no yincuminco (官方認定之原住民族語言) ====
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Ngangan no finacadan'''
|'''Kowaping''' 
|'''Finacadan iso pinang'''
|'''Sowal''' 
|-
|Saysiyat
|賽夏
|xsy
|Tai sowal,  Tonghe sowal
|-
|Thau
|邵
|ssf
|Ka’amis  hefong, Tapinlin
|-
|Kbalan
|噶瑪蘭
|ckv
|
|-
|Amis/Pangcah
|阿美
|ami
|Cikasoan,  Tarawadaw, Pasawali, Falangaw, Palidaw
|-
|Sakizaya
|撒奇萊雅
|szy
|
|-
|Puyuma
|卑南
|pyu
|Puyuma, Katratripul,  Pinaski, Kasavakan
|-
|Bunun
|布農
|bnn
|Takitudu, Takibakha,  Takivatan, Takbanuaz, Isbukun
|-
|Paiwan
|排灣
|pwn
|Ravar(Vuculj),  Paumaumaq(Pavuavua), Tjuakuvukuvulj(Sapediq, Paljiljaljiljav), Seqalu (Paqaluqalu)
|-
|Cou
|鄒
|tsu
|Tfuya, Tapangu,  Luhtu, Imucu, Kanakanavu
|-
|Kanakanavu
|卡那卡那富
|xnb
|
|-
|Hlaʼalua
|拉阿魯哇
|sxr
|
|-
|Drekai
|魯凱
|dru
|Terdreka, Kongadavange,  Oponoho, Vedai, Labwane, Tarumake
|-
|Tayal
|泰雅
|tay
|Sekoleq, Malepa,  Tseole, Malikoan、Mapanox, Mabaala
|-
|Truku
|太魯閣
| rowspan="2" |trv 
| rowspan="2" |Truku, Toda, Tgdaya
|-
|Seediq
|賽德克
|}

==== Caayayho kapangangan a sowal no yincuminco (未正名之原住民族語言) ====
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Ngangan no finacadan'''
|'''Kowaping''' 
|'''Finacadan iso pinang'''
|'''Sowal''' 
|-
|Basay
|巴賽
|byq
|Trobiawan, Linaw
|-
|Ketagalan
|凱達格蘭
|kae
|Luilang
|-
|Papora
|巴布拉
| rowspan="2" |ppu 
|
|-
|Hoanya
|洪雅
|Arikun, Lloa
|-
|Taokas
|道卡斯
| rowspan="2" |bzg 
|
|-
|Babuza
|巴布薩
|Babuza, Favorlang
|-
|Kulon
|龜崙
|uon
|
|-
|Pazeh
|巴宰
| rowspan="2" |pzh 
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|Kaxabu
|噶哈巫
|-
|Taivoan
|大武壠
|tvx
|
|-
|Siraya
|西拉雅
| rowspan="2" |fox 
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|Makatao
|馬卡道
|}

=== Salongan (特徵) ===
Notimolan kanatal a sowal no Taywan mana’ang i to’asan no notimolan kanatal finacadan a ponka ko tadamaan. Salalan no sakingiha i, saadihayay sowal limaay ko wina no ngiha, sadama ngiha masapinangay, caay ka sasifod; ira ko karatengay kahemaway, nika awaay ko no kowaping a ngiha. Masongila’ ko silsil no sowal, o cecay no sasowal ato adihayay a sowal masakapot, adihay ko kasangiha[16].

Itini i sasowalan, notimolay kanatal a sowal satadamaanay a salongan misarocoday, o nianan koya materekay a nga’ayay no notimolan kanatal a sowal, o nian koya notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal i Taywan. Oya salongan misarocoday, o pi’eses to kasasowal ato kasalikel a mahapinang ko sapasowal no patodongan[17].

=== Sasowalan (詞彙) ===
O kalosowal ato notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal itini i laeno, ato mingataay to notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal a Badan finacadan a Tao sowal ato Ibadan sowal a sasowalan kasasitiri’, oyanan a notimolan kanatal finacadan a sowal mateli sa’ayaway, o nian ko kasasotiri’an[18].
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" |Sasowalan
|1
|2
|3
|4
|5
|tamdaw
|mata
|waco
|Romi’ad
|Fa’elohay
|kita
|maan
|lamal
|-
| colspan="2" |notimolan  kanatal finacadan a sowal
|*əsa

<nowiki>*</nowiki>isa
|*duSa
|*təlu
|*Səpat
|*lima
|*Cau
|*maCa
|*(w)asu
|*qaləjaw
|*baqəRu
|*i-kita
|*n-anu
|*Sapuy
|-
|’Amis
|Pasawali ’Amis
|cecay
|tosa
|tolo
|sepat
|lima
|tamdaw/

pangcah
|mata
|waco
|romi'ad
|falohay
|kita
|o maan
|namal
|-
|Tayal
|Sekoleq
|qutux
|sazing
|cyugal
|payat
|magal
|'tayal
|roziq
|huzil
|ryax
|giqas
|ita'
|nanu'
|puniq
|-
|Paiwan
|Ravar(Vuculj)
|ita
|drusa
|tjelu
|sepatj
|lima
|cawcau/

kacalisian
|maca
|vatu
|'adav
|va'uan
|ti tjen/

ti mitja
|anema/

kemuda
|sapuy
|-
|Bunun
|Takitudu
|tasa
|dusa
|tau
|pat
|ima
|bunun
|mata
|asu
|hanian
|bahlu
|kata/

mita
|maz/

mikuabin tu
|sapuz
|-
| rowspan="4" |Puyuma
|Puyuma
|sa
|druwa
|telu
|pat
|lima
|trau
|matra
|suwan
|wari
|bekal/

bekalan
|ta/

tayta
|amanay
|apuy
|-
|Kasavakan
|isa
|zuwa
|telu
|pat
|lima
|trau
|matra
|suwan
|wari
|vekalan
|ta/

inta
|eman
|apuy
|-
|Katratripul,
|isa
|zuwa
|tulu
|pat
|lima
|trau
|matra
|suwan
|wari
|vekal
|ta/

inta
|eman
|apuy
|-
|Pinaski
|isa
|zuwa
|telu
|pat
|lima
|cau
|maca
|suwan
|wari
|vekal
|ta/

inta
|eman
|apuy
|-
| rowspan="6" |Drekai
|Terdreka
|eea
|drosa
|tolo
|so'ate
|lima
|lraomase
|maca
|taw'ong
|vaiyana
|bawa
|kota konai
|manema tomatoma
|a'oy
|-
|Labwane
|ea
|drusa
|tulru
|supate
|lrima
|umase
|maca
|taupungu
|vai
|bauwa
|kuta
|manema/

aituma
|apui
|-
|Kongadavange
|itha
|drusa
|tulru
|supate
|lrima
|umawmase
|maca
|taupungu
|vai
|bavane
|kuta
|manemane
|apwi
|-
|Oponoho
|drɨga
|drusa
|tulru
|pate
|rima
|cquliq
|maca
|atho
|viene
|bovva
|mitia
|nanu/

hmcwa
|apuru
|-
|Vedai
|nega
|drosa
|too
|pate
|yima
|coaw
|maca
|atho
|va'iyane
|baowane
|kita
|manini
|apoi
|-
|Tarumake
|neka
|nosa
|tulru
|pate
|lrima
|ocao
|lringao
|ta'olro
|menanae
|vao'ae
|imite
|lalu/

mhcwa
|apoi
|-
| colspan="2" |Cou
|coni
|yuso
|tuyu
|sʉptʉ
|eimo
|cou
|mcoo
|av'u
|hie
|faeva
|a'to
|cuma.
|puzu
|-
| colspan="2" |Saysiyat
|'aehae'
|roSa'
|to:o'
|Sopat
|haseb/

<nowiki>:</nowiki>aseb
|mae'iyaeh
|masa'
|'aehoe'
|hahila:
|SaSo'
|'ita'
|kano'
|hapoy
|-
| colspan="2" |Gahau
|adang/ida
|dusa
|turu/tu'u
|sepat
|xasep
|saw
|dauik/daurik
|wazu
|daali
|xias
|ita
|asay/axay
|hapuy
|-
| colspan="2" |Thau
|tata
|tusha
|turu
|shpaat
|tarima
|thau
|matha
|atu
|qali
|faqlhu
|ita
|numa
|apuy
|-
| colspan="2" |Babusa
|nata
|naroa
|naxup
|napat
|nahup
|babosa/cho
|magcha
|mato
|zysya
|bao
|torro
|numma
|chaû
|-
| colspan="2" |Truku
|kingal/

uwin
|dha
|tru
|spat
|rima
|seejiq
|dowriq
|huling
|jiyax
|bgurah
|ita
|manu
|tahut
|-
| rowspan="3" |Seediq
|Truku  
|kingal
|dha
|tru
|spac
|rima
|seejiq
|dowriq
|huling
|jiyax
|bgurah
|ita
|manu
|puniq/

tahut
|-
|Toda
|kingal
|dha
|tru
|spac
|rima
|seejiq/

seediq
|dawriq/

dowriq
|huling
|jiyax/

diyax
|burah
|ita
|manu
|tmahu/

mtahu
|-
|Tgdaya
|kingal
|daha
|teru
|sepac
|rima
|seediq
|doriq
|huling
|ali
|bgurah
|ita
|maanu
|puniq
|-
| colspan="2" |Sakizaya
|cacay
|tusa
|tulu
|sepat
|lima
|tademaw/

Sakizaya
|mata
|wacu
|demiad
|baluhay
|kita
|canan/

mihica
|lamal
|-
| colspan="2" |Kavalan
|ussiq
|uzusa
|utulu
|usepat
|ulima
|lazat
|mata
|wasu
|deddan
|tasu ay
|aita
|niana
|Ramaz
|-
| colspan="2" |Hlaʼalua
|ucani
|usua
|utulu
|upatʉ
|ulima
|cucu'u
|vulaihli
|tasau
|aari
|varu'u
|ihlahlamu
|misaini
|apuhlu
|-
| colspan="2" |Kanakanavu
|ucani
|urucin
|uturu
|usʉʉpatʉ
|urima
|cau
|vo'in
|tacau
|taniara
|vo'oorua
|iikita
|neni
|'apuru
|-
| colspan="2" |Taivoan
|caha
|ruha
|toho
|paha
|hima
|pinalang
|mata
|cau
|maki
|vahu
|kita
|mang
|apui
|-
| rowspan="2" |Badan  finacadan
|Tao
|asa
|doa
|atlo
|apat
|lima
|tao
|mata
|ino
|araraw
|vayo
|ta
|ikong
|apoy
|-
|Badan
|asa
|dadowa
|tatdo
|apat
|lima
|tao
|mata
|chito
|araw
|va-yo
|yaten
|ango
|apoy
|}

=== Paheciay ('''註釋)''' ===

# '''^''' 根據Ethnologue:     Languages of the World (2022)的資料。精確的數目是181,200人。未列入使用不屬於臺灣南島語的達悟語的3,800人。

=== Pawa’ayan ('''腳註)''' ===

# '''^''' Blust, R. (1999). "Subgrouping,      circularity and extinction: some issues in Austronesian comparative      linguistics" in E. Zeitoun & P.J.K Li (Ed.) Selected papers from      the Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics (pp.      31-94). Taipei: Academia Sinica.
# '''^''' 109      年人口及住宅普查初步統計結果提要分析 (PDF). [2022-06-22].      （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-12-02）.
# '''^''' 李壬癸. The      internal relationships of Formosan languages (台灣南島語的內部關係).      2006 [2019-07-17]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-06）.
# '''^''' 中華民國原住民族委員會. 台灣原住民族與世界南島語系民族的關係 - 南島語族 - 平埔族及南島語族簡介 - 族群與文化. [2011-08-05]. （原始內容存檔於2011-07-01）.
# '''^''' 原住民族語言發展法三讀通過，原住民族語言為國家語言. 中華民國原住民族委員會. [2017-08-03]. （原始內容存檔於2017-08-01）.
# '''^''' 平埔文化專題. 中央研究院民族所數位典藏. （原始內容存檔於2014-08-19）.
# '''^''' 史前時代南島語系民族的大遷移. [2009-01-24]. （原始內容存檔於2009-01-14）.
# '''^''' Robert Blust. 1999. Subgrouping, Circularity      and Extinction: Some issues in Austronesian comparative linguistics. In      Elizabeth Zeitoun and Paul Jen-kuei Li (eds.), Selected papers from the      Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, 1-54.      Taipei, Taiwan: Academia Sinica.
# '''^''' ＜聯合國組織報告＞台灣7種語言 已滅絕. 自由時報. 2009-02-21 [2024-03-02]. （原始內容存檔於2024-03-02）.
# '''^''' 杜正勝. 部長序. [2019-04-09]. （原始內容存檔於2016-09-22） '''（中文（臺灣））'''.
# '''^''' 因iso仍未將太魯閣語及賽德克語分別開來，故兩族共用同一語言代碼。
# '''^''' 因iso仍未將道卡斯語及巴布薩語分別開來，故兩族共用同一語言代碼。
# '''^''' 因iso仍未將道卡斯語及巴布薩語分別開來，故兩族共用同一語言代碼。
# '''^''' 因iso仍未將巴宰語及噶哈巫語分別開來，故兩族共用同一語言代碼。
# '''^''' 因iso仍未將西拉雅語及馬卡道語分別開來，故兩族共用同一語言代碼。
# '''^''' 國立自然科學博物館，2001
# '''^''' 何大安、楊秀芳，2000
# '''^''' 原住民族語言研究發展中心. 族語千詞表. [2020-08-30]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-29）.

=== '''Pinengnengan tilid (參考文獻)''' ===

* Bellwood, Peter. 1991. The Austronesian Dispersal and the     Origins of Languages. ''Scientific American'' July: 88-93.
* Blust, Robert. 1982. The Linguistic Value of the Wallace     Line. ''Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia     Sinica'' 138: 231-50.
* Blust, Robert. 1985. The Austronesian Homeland: A Linguistic     Perspective. ''Asian Perspective'' 26, no. 1: 45-67.
* Dahl, Otto Christian. 1976. Proto-Austronesian. Stockholm:     Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies, Monograph Series 15.
* Dyen, Isidore. 1963. The Position of the Malayo-Polynesian     Languages of Formosa. ''Asian Perspectives'' 7, no. 1-2:     261-71.
* Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 2004. Language Family     Trees: Austronesian [online]. Dallas, Tex.: Ethnologue: Languages of the     World, [cited 28 October 2004]. Available from World Wide Web: [1] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）.
* Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 2005a. Languages of Taiwan     [online]. Dallas, Tex.: Ethnologue: Languages of the World, [cited 19 January     2005]. Available from World Wide Web: [2].
* Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 2005b. Language Family     Trees: Austronesian, Formosan [online]. Dallas, Tex.: Ethnologue:     Languages of the World, [cited 19 January 2005]. Available from World Wide     Web: [3] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）.
* 國立自然科學博物館，2001，人口與分布，見南島語族     [online]。臺中：國立自然科學博物館。[引用於2005年1月19日]。全球資訊網網址：[4]。
* Haudricourt, Andr G. 1965. Problems of Austronesian Comparative     Philology. ''Lingua'' 14 : 315-29.
* 何大安、楊秀芳，2000，南島語與臺灣南島語。收於：吳靜蘭，2000，阿美語參考語法。臺北：遠流。
* Tsuchida, Shigeru. 1976. Reconstruction of Proto-Tsouic     Phonology. Ph.D. diss., Yale University .

中央研究院語言學研究所，nd，臺灣南島語數位典藏 [online]。臺北：中央研究院語言學研究所。[引用於2005年1月19日]。全球資訊網網址：[5]。

=== Pinayaran minengneng ('''延伸閱讀)''' ===

* 安倍明義，1930，蕃語研究。臺北：蕃語研究會。
* Blundell, David. eds. 2000. ''Austronesian Taiwan:     Linguistics, History, Ethnology, and Prehistory''. Berkeley, Calif.:     Phoebe Hearst A. Museum of Anthropology.
* 陳康，1992，臺灣高山族語言。北京：中央民族學院出版社。
* 漢語與南島語言談分析學術研討會，1997，漢語與南島語言談分析學術研討會會前論文集。臺北：國立臺灣大學語言學研究所。
* 李壬癸，1992a，臺灣南島語言的語音符號系統。臺北：教育部教育研究委員會。
* 李壬癸，1992b，臺灣南島語言的內部與對外關係。臺東市：國立臺灣史前文化博物館籌備處。
* 李壬癸     編審，1993，臺灣南島語言研究論文日文中譯彙編，黃秀敏 譯。臺東市：國立臺灣史前文化博物館籌備處。
* 李壬癸，2004，臺灣南島語言論文選集。臺北：中央研究院語言學研究所。
* Li, Jen-kuei, Cheng-hwa Tsang Tsang, Ying-kuei Huang, Dah-an     Ho, and Chiu-yu Tseng. eds. 1995. ''Austronesian Studies Relating to     Taiwan''. Taipei: Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica.
* 土田滋、山田幸宏、森口恆一，1991，臺灣‧平埔族の言語資料の整理と分析，1989-1990年度科學研究成果報告書。東京：東京大學言語學系。

=== Papotalay calay (外部連結) ===