weight was 100 to 1000 grams, with a mean of 470 g. Mean placental ratio was 13.9%. Placental weights increased and placental ratios decreased with gestational age. Larger ratios were related to larger maternal BMI. Absolute measures of infant size and placental weight were mutually positively correlated. Placental ratio, infant length, and ponderal index were nearly uncorrelated. Ukrainian placentas were of similar absolute and relative weight as those historically reported, as was their relationship to other indicators of infant size. Alcohol and breastfeeding. We aimed to replicate a previous study of one-year olds that reported deficit in motor development associated with moderate alcohol use during lactation, using different but comparable population. The mental development of 915 18-month-old toddlers from a random sample of a longitudinal population-based study in England was measured using the Griffiths Developmental Scales. Frequent self-administered questionnaires during and after pregnancy provided maternal data. The dose of alcohol available to the lactating infant was obtained by multiplying the alcohol intake of the mother by the proportion of breast milk in the infant's diet. We compared this dose with the Griffiths scales, taking into account potential confounding variables in the sample. ACE inhibitors. We explored the association between enalapril exposure and adverse outcomes in pregnancy, taking into account other possible risk factors. We analyzed a series of all usable cases reported to the FDA between 1986 and 2000 in which enalapril was a suspect drug for the observed adverse outcomes (N=110). Parameters of exposure and reported outcomes as well as information on potentially confounding variables were systematically abstracted from this series by a single physician. Because exposure to ACE inhibitors after the first trimester of pregnancy had been associated with adverse outcomes in the existing literature, we divided the cases into those exposed in the first trimester only (considered as 